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~ i) Find H>e .shoJtlesi disl:ance be-boeen [i.e b d] = } g ~ g,_ j
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(Gi+~+-*)+t{t-.2jNK)
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3 -~ -~ ~4-

= /(8)-j(-8j)+k0t-) 3
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10 If A== (1,-~, -OJ B==- (4-, o,-3J,c = (I,J.,-0 Caxb;x c ~ (CN·c)b-{b·c)~
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t coplanM· 0
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Y-1
_~ 0.. -r o.Y- + o.."" +- ~ -.) t a· Y " __, ::: a Cv- 1-1_ ~
7-1
Cll!t- CD :~ . fh ~ 1J-
LH~ :::: u \ Rt-f1 ::: o. C~)
~

::::- a. '2

We- ~(n) i~
Co.Je.@ :-. As.~u.me. s (f\) is: frue
+ - - -.- t a ·Y I< -, -;::::-. 1)
: 0- + O.Y
!
...1...
"'' ()...Y l--
·
<A.
[ Y It -

Y-1
-co
·~ :~ Q< + tf ttYI'Yl ""' a :y (k +1-1) ::::- o.y 1<
 I !

...
·'

. Add (I< -t r).ffo -te.Ym on B·s M ety (J)

a.+ O.Y t _-- -t a.y k -r t o... Y k ~ o. · CY- D + a ·'Y J(
Y-f
~+1
~ O·Y .
k
-a rf O.Y - a_y"~
'Y- I

-;:- ~ ('Yfc+l_ 0
~-J
.....
--

®B~
- .. . --- --·· -·- -·
~~ ··-
··-·--------- -----------

(.t$ihg M .:f s.fj' 1·.:1·3 +.').·3·4 +_- -+ hfe'Yh'l!,

n (h-tl) (lf=\t0 {h +~)
(1

@ r·d·3 + ~. 3·4 t - ~. + h [n,_D {h +0 := h{n+f) (n+~(h+3)

Lf
Ca..!e(!) :- (h~1]

LH) ~G R+H ::: f{rt v(t+0 (1+3)

Y·
== I ({) ( 3)(1-f) _ ~
. 4 - )(
:. tH3 ::::- Rill -::: 6 "'Z

sft) is We..
(ju~® :-- [n::: lc] ASSWvle · s (k) · iJ fru..e

+"· 3· 4 + ... t (~<+ D(~<:+~ ~ := K(1<+~ {kti])~

1·.;?·3
·. 4 . :-li
(Me._@ :- (k+ j)-u, Wtn -== [t:.tiT [ret~ [~<.+:j] •
Add (t<-tl)-3,-ttrh? Oh B·S · o.f efj,- -(j)
 \.-~. 3-+~~3·4+ ... -.~ (h +t) ~t~(k+~:o ~(kt0~-t~jt~ -
·l1 .
tt i
tI
::- 11 {k+D(Kt~)(K+3)+Lf (r-tD(k+v(~t-tV
i
i

. tr y
ll
~ (x+t) (tz+0 (1<+3) {r.+4)
~
·~:. S(kt\) i_s true
: B~ P· T'tlT S(h) r' 5 fwe_ -tf- tJe
::;..--:: -::-::--·. _--=.::::....:-..::..:---=======.-:..:-:___ - - -_ =-- ~ _=.:::_:-_ ~--=-....==:::::=::.-~- .. ·--

, ® B.t:J M-1 s ·'I c$. 3 t 3·4+ !..f· ~ + .. .+ h it:rm"' n{n'"-+Gh + rD

. 3
'@ d.~+ 3·4 + 4T+-- .+(n-ti)(nt~)-= n(rN6n+rD
3

-----
Co..!e 0 :-
LtiS :::: b
.
(h ~ t]
R~~ ~· 1(1l- +6(1) +tO
3
f -:::-
t (t H +tr) o;:c J.f" ::o 6
: .·. L Hs :::- RHS 3 -:g ~

: s (t) iS i-rtLe..
C~e.@ :~ s00 i _s We A~~\AlYl~

~·3 + 3 ·4 -r 4·r; t-- · +(~t, +D (~+.:V == J<. (11'" +b JHtl) _(f)

.r· ..,, r.. 3
CoJe@ :-.LE'i.UJ. ferm ~(K+I+Dlf<+I+J)-:::O<+J){k+i)
Add [x +D B· s o .f e.ty (j) term on
~~·2> ;- c,.y +'1·f +... + c~<.+ Dc~+d) . ,_ (1<+~ (tct3) ~ Y1(1<'-+6 k+lt)
3
t {K+J) (!<+i)
 I ··--"--T -- l
I
./f
--- -

, ,
---------

~ 11 3
+ 611) +,
-·------------------------------------

k +3 (l<f2-)(!<i3)
._ ...).____ _

" ,, ,, 3
.~ + (1k' +3 ~? f
3
k t 6 k'2. IsK t /R
I u u -v 3
:; . k t q r"i 'l. + ~G k
3
t I~
3
r1 . r1 rr
:= (k +() (k '- +«) (k +If?)
S~tU \S Due 3

i:. Bj l'·M·1 S(11) IS hue -t{-- rJ~

J. -·. ------- ... ........ .. --:--:-:-··:-·-:::--~:==:::-.c:::.::-..:;:::_-,-:::-_=--=---:·.---·:-:::o:-:-c--===.::.------

' @ B_:j u.sih_9 M-f s.fj' I'-+ d':+ 3~ + .... + h -hrmd

~ Y) (n { o~ n+!l) c
t~

® \'l +.:>L-+ 3' t--- + h (h+\) ()n~ i) =" h(h+ 0'- 0 +:~)
. G .
w~ CD:-- -fh rl
12-

RH5 ~ t(l+l)l-(1+J)
lHS ~ t1--:::-f
... rl-
- ,(Lf) {3)
•:. Lill :::: Rl+S }l- ~;x
~
-' i
-2"

' s (t)_ \ ~ bt.Le-

(O.Jt.@ :-- A-~Sw-ne_ S (k) i J frue " .
tt-+ ~l-+ 3'-f :-- + k(k+D{~I<+U ~ t~(A+f).(h+.,)
. ~ . I~

1
ca.!c ® :- (k+D-n, .-ltrm ::= {k+D (t<+t+O (~k+t +D
I Add. (kt 1)'11, fe.Yh--J on f3. ~ of eq; (f) .
,--1-
-- ~
I
!
''
! \
(c+>1) l~+>1] (1-1- >i) ""
~l
ll tl
(@+ 71 \)~ +(tt)J}i) (1:+1) (1 t;t) ~
11 ll
. ~~
: (§ +,)1 ~ (t:+¥}Q j- '111~+(i"r w} _,_(I+ >I) !1 :::
~ ·· et . lJ II
c~+~~(~+>~/0+-~)-~-- c~+~1ot~J~· ~
9 .. ~ ~ ' . .
. (<r:f ~~) (~:+l£) Q+~ -1- Ot>~<V Q-P1] 11 t ... - -1- _..£-1- -(c: -hl
 I! ------~- - -- ---- ----~~-- -·- - -~--- --- ---·----- -~~-- - - ----- -- ----~----
~----rr-+
1-
r3 +.;>'3 + ~ __ +rk.f,)"- _ k · ~ k~ t
{' ..---_ l 0
q/H 13) -CD
! I · 1 +3 _ 4 '-lf

'c~e ® :- (k+r)
4
" ~rtr7 ~ [k+ !-+0'- :: (k+.if·
-- . . 4 4
p.Jd (r·ar)-n, +ext-n · on · B ·S o.f eif CD
i:- -t 13+-~5
-1- · ---
'

+(t.H)\ 0!3).,_- _!i ~!f"-HI< t13)t{!>f2-J

'

I \ +s ----cJ . 4 Lf La • 2-
. ~

t~ IT - ~~:;-+ q/'lL-t 13}d(, {f>'--f4f4f.) '

' 1-y
tI If ~ ~ k3 -t- ql<'L + 13K + Gkl +~4 f2lfk:

u , ~ k3 + ' ~ f('L +
~4
3 ;:r_k +l y
'--4
~*'> c~k,.t-131<+'-'D
ll lT

. '-4
Il

I
" ~-~ t C~ Ct< +Dl-+ q (!< t 0t '3)
~Lt -
c+0 -re. we_ .
I .. . s f;- tl, Ywt i .s

~;~- B~~~~M'£~~(-~-
® + + +- -.+
_L
is. ~~~!_-==-:N.=--·-=-~-===
_L _j_ h ~ ym_J ::::__!}
c_ ______
I
J
1 I·LJ 4·';/ ~.ro · 3ntr
I .
®/ I t I +_L+G.-- t ,.·
TY ~- ;( ';/·It> @t~-,V@h+0 = -3n+l
_h
Wt (!) > (n ~ l)
I RH-S -==- ~ I - '
L-\t-S ::::: __L 3 Ct) -+ f - Lf
,--t-- ~~
---~-~------- ~----
\ - -- -------------- -------
~
-~----+-----
·~~'' =c==~~~·~•• •=~•==c~~• ·• ~.·· -~ •• ·· ·· ······ ···· -••·•7••·•·•••·•· ····.·······-~·~· •.... ~•......

1 Co..!e ® :- Ass u.me_ s (k) 's fru.e_ . .

~:or<j
+ -4· ;[ ~ · 10 (3k-~)~~:1D
I I tl +---+I
l· 4 31Ztl.-(!
Co.Je. Q') .~ (ftr)#.o ten·"' (3 ~t r-i))(3(HH0)
1------
!
=
~ I
3(~r-I)\(K- +2)·

-
.--

~K-+1) (_3~·+v)
Q: +1J*' -te¥\'Yl on . g · S 0 J e.1-- Q)
At{ d
' + ' + r -+-·~+ 1 -+ ' _ ~__t_
\·Y ~ · -:7. l0 (3k -l){3K-tp [3~+1){3t.+ Y) 3K + r
-+ I -
L3~<-1t) ~k-f ~)
,, n - K (2> k +D-t t
l3 i'-+0 (3k+ 0
\\ l\ := 3 t< ,__ + lf K +I
. @Kt\) @~ +4)
l\ tr -== (3 ~~o Cf-0
.(3 k+l) (?~ tY)
t\ L1 ~ t:::+'
....
3 k+lf
'
••. S, [f::+t)~ feYh! i .( fnu.
:. B~ ll·M3 8 (~+1)7ioU bue. A/-N.._
''<Joo..-
 -------~--~--·· -- ·-~--~--~- ···-·· -·------- ------------- ---------- --- ---------~-----··--·----- --------·---'-------- -------------------

·-· --------· .. ·--···-·--··-·-·- ·---· -----··--·-···-------------~ .

. ___ _L~!JNS.f:!l
ITQ_tl_.S · ~: w1{§) LA~~
(j) \ ;If A; B, c Me CLTiflleS 1n a, i 9()argt.e, ®If ~, B1 c ane O.nrJft& in CLA t5 /hen.
!fhen pnov~ that p· r costl' +cosB -cosc =--1+4 co~spn:,
\i) (06~1\+iO~B+CtJS.:?C"" -1-4- C091(QSE(OSC ,=~ cos(At~ ·CoS(~) -CIJSC
IL~I}l-cOS Q!H coo~G ~ ~ sin :f · co 5 (A:i') - (t-:?ST n'"(£))
::::- QCo~ ~ H--t?-B) co~{@:;?) +co.s~c -=-I+~ Sfn-j [CB-5 (''.;:B)+ Sin£]
:::-£to:)~+W ·Cos(l}-Q) + fl(os-vc-1 ~-/+~sin.~ [CD8(-;-4)+C1JS{t+§.[j 'j
:=:. a.c-croJ ·co:,f9-ti>-+~CG:)'Yc-J : -/-1-~ S1nf {~cru (-f) ·~(l)) . I
::: _ _Qc~c. ~osUHJ)-coSQ - -l.f~~ J ~-§ 9n-i:
1
fcoscr:t-B) +eosle-+J[J If A) B) c aJte a.ng.t.e..a 111 a. alS
;; --\ - ,2(0~ (., /.:.
1}-co:sil fh en pJtOVe #at
:;:;:-
_ -~Co~C Q.COS
1 L '::J
cos II.4 + cos B+cos c = t+ lf.SI n.ft
61 sm..!iStnC
&_· ~
o o o

.... --' - 4CosR-cct:>B·Co0c

..... := ~ G9:5 ( f\ j_ B) . (!JS ( 'l-B) + CfJS C
~

= ~ Sinj- · ws( Ajl) +t-~sin}

== t+& S'lnf (ws {~)-Sirl~)
ii) sin ~11-sln:tB +-s'iMC= 4(£JSAS"n.a'l:&: ~I+~ sini (cm{1-)-(~))-(11¥(4){-lj)
L,!-1-J ~n&.A-sin".B+ srr;tc . = J+~ sin~ (~yn (~)Sin (B~))·
~~cosf-6+:8-J sin[~"'t-~~siJctW: s. If A+B+c~ rr, then f>J!ovdlat .
-=="'cos(tlfB)'Sin(A -BJ+~S1nc cos c cosl-~ +COS~~ -cos'j. ==~{J)Sta.tt!Jnii:
~-,-~case Sin (ll-BJ+/l s7n~ coSC =cos'-(~)+ (!-Sin(-§)- ws~
= ~cos c (-. 5inCA-8JtS~n'J =l+~s').(-SJ-Sinl-(~p-cos~
•n r_A-0"1fSJn{11+8)) ·~ · &
=:: ~({)SG {;- SI• < v ~ . =f+WS ( ~)·(8:5(-¥)- (ysln}.t)
== & [()S c ( ~ cos11 s t()f3J ==- sin (f). C85 { ~) + sin'). { -i)

~ i+COSA:::. coSC = SinJ: [ ~ (~)+Sin ( i1J

:::q A--t-J3tc. =Tf =J t}TB ~ ":c
sinJ: [ws ( ~) + CDS ( .trfcB)] ::
O.Wl& S'IVl fl'Jit cos c r. (':d ) ( )l
~ .sir>{&+~~swJw-e) c.os(9C>)---cai1f-c) =Sin~ L~cos~/. (£).5 }2J
0
» ()

G)()li»Jj-=-E§ ~C§ (§} If A+B+ C== 180) then pJtoVe that

cos~(~)+cos(JJ~cos(-i) =~(t-1-9'¥-slrJ~
= cos').( f)+ 1- Sln-r( -t)-I-COS~
= J+(ws).(~)-Sin >-(~J -tWS)-i
 ..... ~-~~~-··---·--·· -- ·-····-- ·- . ·-·- -··-- -·-·- - ·-·- -·· - ··---··• . _... . ----·

1® ~osA +-({)Sii-cosc -= JrCOSf+A costrtBGDSlf-.

-··

~ [J-toS{-f1P)· COS (A;_8) +CL>5~ Q·\19' ~ .~ ,/"17','}, f 4- if.

I-=: J+ s'lnf ·cos (kj ~~M'l--i:

I/~CDS(lftA}COS(~)aJS{Jl?) ., :..~-'-
- = ~~- eos~ ··~caitzt} ...
::: ~+ So/n £ [CoS (~)-sin-£] . C~ ~· - ·. \\- . _· ~ --~J\ -··f#tBI
. =~+ 5Jni [GDS(~-4)-ws(~+j)] ~5 (!+ fJfJJJ }CO:S W;J~~~·r.;:;:
:!- t

=~+Sinj: [~sin (Af&)·.Sfn(EVcV)

" = ~C !+Sin 1\l~ ·sin B~ -sin C!&) ~rt~~@$)Hoi(9~Ju-11l@ft} · . . .
-fj) I{ A)BJc. aJte anqRe--s of~ 4£~ thenp·T
. -o:o -fl~-~~ &jJ· :.cos(¥) .rfJm5(fl$ .fCtJ~
. Sin~~+Sin'>-B-Sin~ =I-~ COS A- CD.5il SlhC.
~ ~ ;,a ~
cdsll-
0( -;{

~ sin2.(~ )+51n(.B:J!)· sin(%:') t Q. J. ·cosEt

-- - s·ml&t:!J) "l:-T -.2-
L

. ~ J-cos').(~· )+cos~ sin (.¥) .....

-
-· . c .r-cas..a-
...:- cos.......,
")_...
. t!:l rcas-
y
13

Il
t,..... ..

~ ~ I-COS (~) •(CDS ( 4-)- 5/n ( Jt')) ·-~

[ ~ t-coS( ~)" (5in(~+~)-5in (~-i:J)
= f-(05 {-~) • & LOS [-§-)•Sin (~)
@Si~t5in8 -Sirlh :-/+4-l.fJSJfrl (OS7[~Bs; ~
C

~ ~ + + 4-.
.®In. i.9tia.n.qte P·T til

' C.Os.d.fCOS8-tLD.S'-.
: a '£ &
ABC.J
=4- COSTT-It
'+-
-CDSI!::::.B .UJsTT-c
4- '+-
IR·H·S~ -1 t: teo~~- zru PI' ·$ll~J J
1 R·H· s = [~ws(~) ·cos(¥)] ~cos("([;/) 1
• ~--I{O!l(~(~l1)]+cro~~~;"~
i =[cv5(J-{~))+Ws{--4tf'] ~CD5(MJ2)
"'"""r t~,ti~tCQ3~ .if~
. ~[sln(A;t13Jtros(d#B x~(D5 (AtB)
:: -I f. '{lsir11fp)-tf?Sih~-ccv-ffii!J .
_~ ~sin ( ~6)· coS(.d:fP )+().(JJS(Af!)co5(4!
" ;;: 5in(df2) + {J)S ( ~) -uos{J:) :: _(1-~S,t)(t~)l- s'm(!!}filnf!t}
.= cosi +WS1: +LD~ -o - ( (J)~ (3#')) +.Sill{ft)t:.s'w~
:~ sfnA + slnli + sin c ~ 1+4Sin1T...Aslriii=85f17f--c :z _ s·)nfi)-kS'mft.)+-_s·u.,~
.cv ~ rP -a; T 4- +
• ~ l+L&sln(Fi-AJ sir(~] (~sin (lf¢))
.· ; l+[ws(-~)-COS(f{'lt~~sin(~)
---- -
~ ____..,

. == l+[cos ( A;_B)-sin(-tt:_V] ~sin (fltB)

~It~ Sin (~)·COS~)-J. Sin~r.~)

==(I-~ sin>{~))+ sin(~)~ srn/~)
~ GDS(!tJ6.) +sin(~)+ Sin (i)
=- sin-"- -+sin .d + slnB
~ &.- ~
 @I? A;f3~c~ r< SJthe;,. p.,ove thai ;@ ~Se (rX-{J) i~ not an oold © @
· coS(S-t'JfWS(S-B)tlDSC=--i++CDS/ijf(IJS~{DSi; ! '171U(Epie o?:; Jmls a non_zeM ~
~~cos~ s- CA+-B1l ·cos (. . fiiBJ - n.JAmhut such that rn -:~- -1 and
1

. +a>S c
~
~ j ~ '
=~cos ( -j) ·CoS ( dj_B) +.i/COS [,£)- 1 I Bin(ao-{3) =1-m , ihen pJtoVe thai
f, c·A-B\ +COS(C)l COS (r>C-{3) .
-tan[1-1=- rn-tan[-f-t-(3_}·
{+fr)
~-ttJ ws(f)LG05 ~J ~~
J

= -1+ ~(OS { j) r~(.oS'~+f} cos(~;*~ I&i' sin{oC+,B) ~.t -m

· ,:-/+.:!cos(~ [~Gos(-M~-B).coS(A-~€)1 :.::.:;-:!enJ.::d dNid.m:io

., -J+lf-WS .f [CoS est--B) ·COS (A-r;rs-1 = S1n(~+{3)t COS(o<.-{J) - 1-ry{+lf'!l
= -I +'I- ws.r, [ws(~·cos(S::t!J] 1 Sin(o(+#)-coS {o(-{3) Y-
~ -l+'r cos~ cos(-S-8) · coys;l'\) ~~~ sln{ci+f)+Sin{IJ-(o<-f3J)-=-.L= _,
& --r.J sin [«+f3)-Stn([-{rt-f3J) -Jm m
@If A.+B+C:::: &s;fhen p91Dve thJ.t = !)s1n f /+f3+7r-~f3) -ws/o<+f-:II+«-j1)
(oE[S-A)+W5{S-8)+(DS{S-o+CDS= Jt.(OSf l. · \ J t ~<9 ;/
[DSJJ. ·CDS C - _ _ _ __..;;.....-----;-:--::-:-::-:--::
& ~ tJ cosr;Np+II-j4{3).sinli-lf:1r+«'-in
v Hos : cosCS-A')+COS (5-8)+ cascs-cJ+CCES , l~ -:.:~ J l· ~ ~../
acosr~s_-{llt8Jl
Z.... a :J ocosRA-B{j+tXD~·co(j
'La.. I
= 1SJn (1r+f31 cos Irt-JI)
4- J t' 4-/ ==-=L
&co~cos[Aa!Jt~(!Js[AJ.BJ·{Os£_ I I_ cos (f_+f3) ·sin{o<-fl) m
I
&CO Sf [cos (.!J.-lf}+C05{11rf)] · I= Tan (J!+fl) = _),

.:)C~ [.:~cos(4J-cos(!D ·. . I _Tan(«-{[)

__ . .·::.!- ~- Tan{f+P)=~
- T(lf){lf-o()
=4-a>S..d CO'g CO~ :::::- RHS
a..
& v:;[
-:=:;:::::::z..
= ran(f-o<) = m·Tan{-"ff+E}.~
@If=;;;;z:q;. fhe~ skw• +hoi_
1
•
i) sin l-It+ £/ln"'Bt5'1n c= J-~s;nlrStnBSii
LoJ--I·S=Sin~t-Sin13t-Sh'l-c -
:._ siYJ"'J: -t-(t-ccrl'B)-J-6ln"-c._ -
. c 1- C.Co!'"o-sn"'rt) +-~tn'\..-G ..

,... :. . -·. · ;_ J ~ [osC tttJ3icos_Ur--~·fs' ~~

.... ~; -.-·-: .. -..
~·
~ 1- {8'jn(- cos m-iJri\VJ~
"•· I, . ··= -~:.-~IY7~ -[cosfR_-J3):-S!t9IJ -- ...
:·:- .~ . - I · ~-~J -s,VJc [ co.sl~n) ;.c()jr~ii],
- ::: l..:.. s'1nc £Q.s·,¥J!J- s,t.? ID · _
..:... l _;.. .0Sih 11 sin1;),.$tnC ~ ·
- v -.0 17
',._ . ' - . ~
 ii) Sln~f} -r51n~e+sin~c=4 eos;r cosB cos c I f)Jf)iA +8J[; cos(!'_+_c_-J-____,~~+A·_:_:_·+B-c~5 ~o-;_;fl
s1n&~t+Si~B-+ .sin ~c== ~ sin (tH8)·cos{trn)t1nl &«>!tA+B) [~CDS (rr- CA+C)coS (lT-(Af O)
~CDS (MBJ{f:;_ WS ( tttc]( COS (ll;fDJj
~c I
-
=~COX CDS{IJ-8)+~5inC CDSC
~5[A+8) [~COS(.A+C) cDS(AtD)J
= ~ coSC [ COS{t1-8) +Sine_]
ltCOS(I\t8)CD5 (t4+c) cos{t4+D)
-c ~ COSC [CoS (A-/3)+CDS (!l-f8!} ~

~ ~ cosc ~ COS!l coSB

7 =+CDS~CoSB(i)SC

_@.rt Mf3tC"=" @J t-hen p~rYie that

cos'l--t\+COdB+CD.?C= 1+-~ CoS!\ CD.SBCOSC
~S?-11 +CDS'>-B+COS~ =.i.o?!iffl~~ V><\-_i} 1-COS')...C
::::. ~-~oSJ1-S\~""!Y f-joSG j
·::;; J..f- -cosrfJ+fiJ -CosiJJ.dJ?tvf"cJ
:::: l +-CC?.S~(eQSC~-BJJ-Cas{] -~
:: li-foscLto..S (f1-m·t:Cosf11t~}
;::; l}COOC [~11-CaSiSJ _- 1
~ tt-Q~·CO.S13·CQSC . - ·i
-
:if_j) If 11-1-8+ C-=~70). then pJtoVe that
~ . .

' co:?'A +-cos13+-eos't. == ~coS!tC0.$8S/nc.

== cos"A + [1-Sin)-BJ-COS{;
= I+ ( cog;-lt -sin'BJ -msc
::::: I+(CoS{I'l+eJ ·WS{I1-8J)-cost.
: = J- .5il?~ ·CDS (li-B)-if-s~n'z)
: == -Sine (coS(t'l-8)-sir-£)
e -SincCCOS{It-B)+CD.S(A+8)}
·= -s1nc {t?J{.DSA cos8)
'· ..

@ Ij At8tC+D= 36o·J f.JtoVe that

CoS~A+CO~B+WS~C+COS~O= 4-COS
_ (A+B~CDS{Atc)(DS{A+{2
J:i-I·SCO~IltWS&B+COSctC+COS~D
=Al05(/tt8)"COS[A-8)-+:(0S(c+O)·COS[c-D.J I
=~S{t1+B) -(()S(~-8)t&.WS{A+8)C.OS(c-DJ !
=~CDS (AtB)[coS(!l-8)-f LDS[C-D)]
= gw; Ctl+B) {.JCDs[t_-8j:C-{) .(bfd-Bj+P/ J 1
~ U.D5 CA+B) [~CDS [A -te:yf13+D}) coS(tJ--IDj~
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p:n-b€1 a':r -t:Ja"hJ;,. s ·I
i~ '~-L 171""'lrl-
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. i r=e. co;esl;i/ (CO'¢ cm~Pl

o= lkW s-1 --------·-····

~ () .J.-J-bb Cl ~+ b [S
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a D" ' t
~ ILca/)5/iJJ S!>liLf Le<t>¢sin¢ s,~..,.tU =0 .
!sob e- ¢ "'1fJ
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ft! ~ )..P~ b\ 1P
. I ; 19? 1f£+Y'
I ~e? -SlVlr
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o+a~ ra ~oJ r·,~¢ .-.Su,¢~ rear? ~c)stjl
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l
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~[:~+~ -5o~h~
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\@@Js- A~e-<T'1l\l)'JS1
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A'()= (t1Yl -~11}-
ax t 33b F "' ri!' &9]+- 35h [g J] i
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I• COl<@._ ~ h>.Uo- h r!J!'IL Aw.

=-=-
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tr-::- P ·A
r~~
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[} g :gJ 06---Y?;- ~ ~
(1'1:.fOI-j b- 01-..V) ot-(01:'+91-) 1- ~
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3() siVlJ -}t- &~Jai13 = 1T;;L~· . ltD !J.T S1h

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t
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s\ ~;\n. tJi~J 21 ::- s'Jni ?J -ff-if 1 '()· JFf- -- ~ s ·1,,~~ 5~ .~-s·,~ ~

soJ 17 J

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17 s-

:=: s1n' LI3::..

r ~r-~4- +~-h)
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at-t
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(tfj.!:JJ:" ~/ CA Qt..-::: ~
_1L:::=l;}1QL+i?~~-fll~~. '' '{~
. E~il =- e~~ 1-·d
~ ~_L JL==Cf1YJ1-~{:11'Jl.-f- tt f;iVJ_ Jr {f)@
(-.::: teE-rt:Rt~ t2 ~
6;12- I -::: t~--t~lZ
.x.•r;o /\;
n 11..1(;- \ :::;/\R-f-A.~d c-
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\'·£t·S
a~-{
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J2_- -::::- _ r,.lb-1] 0c1- vr - ~d
(Q~J-1L) WJ = ,.[tH('"'-d-1 C-/bJ
~
_Qso)-:JL := (-lb-1 -J-1 -/bel r r J~o)
j2~)-JL ::: fbf!JJ -tel ~J
.lL:::: _fl_ ~') .-f fb ~O') -td f!lJ
·( =l(_L.-+L.~-f~t _L'cJ
·.Q./Od~-1 c-"'Q+"'-fb+~
~ c Lj1VL~fj.Vlf laf11Jj__.f'@
-=• -c.< ....
::..~~~-=-~=-==-=--=--=-=-=--=-=·==-=-=-·-=---=--~~~--~- ·=J=.. ~=- ~ - - =-{- ~- -~=- ~:;.: :· ~=::~-~~-~~~-:~:~.~~~~~=)~~~'~~J
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~t

@
I!) 1f Tari-11C- +ro.n-1y+Ib.n-lz_ =f, then pJroVe- ~~e=~
~ e=IT
thai '1.'/+l.JZ+"Z'l.. =I 7:
To..n-1-x.=A 'To.n-'tt=-8 , Tan-':z= c :? -tone =_L
{3
ian A= 't- Tan8 =r.; ran c= z -=> X=.L
1/3
IH8+C =][
~ lb Tan-J a-1 +mn-tm =JJ:.
1\+B=f-c x.--: X+~ 4-
f...d-Tan-I(X-I)=o( Ton-I lx+l) =(3·
mn(t1+8) =-Ton (f-c) li-~ } l~+~

Ta.nA +TanB =cote = __L.. Ttllen tan o< =- x-1 Jtan~ = x+l
x-~ -x+~
1- ronA ranB . ranc ~"fin-'(~_,_,+Tan -t('l+L) -JI:
rani! To..nC+TonBJD-nC= 1- Tani\TOJJC x-~/ x+&t - q...

X'/+'/~ +JX =I ~ o<+~ =JI. .

't-

@Ifr cos-l+ cos-'t- ~ o<; Men pJfDve -that ~ fan cr~- +~),.. fan if
~ tono<+tan{! ~I
_£!:. -l:P!?i. CoSrJ.. t _g2-= Sin~·
a..a ab -Er 1-tanri.·tanp
SDJ: cos-(.fr)= 11 , cos-t (f)=f3 =} (t-IJ~-&;; + ('l.+l)/{t+~J =I
COSA =~ COSB =CV!b 1- [t'-- -O/('l-~J] · [Jt +IJ/(zt-~[1
1\+B = o(., !~ (x-I)('X- -f~)t(t+l)(x.-fJ)-= I
C05{1\+ 8) =-COSo£. (t.+J.)(t.-~) -{t.-1}(a.+f)

.}?.. •. ~
at 0
-j t-e
o.'-
r
(l)!;A COSB-S/nASinB ==-CDS o<.
~~ =cos~
bl-
.
=} t41l-&.+x~-z-ot = 1
-xa._+-t.a+l
!(t-GJ{'-~) ~ (ft-cos~) ~ ~-xcL.4= -B
=+.i>.l~= I
on 8oth sides
5qtuaJt1ncr
~ tJ.=i
~ (t--£i)('- ~) = (~-COS~)~ ~x=±J_

~ 1_~ _ gC- +{It ~ PW'- +(l)5>;;.-P.e!'Vcasr:<- {5

o.a ba ;). W 'V ab 10 slrJw thatsec?-cTon1~)tCDsel{a:t""h.)=to
=;> £ + ~ -~ GOSo(=-{-(l)So(. TM-l~ :::;\ col;-I& ==B
0..~ bd.. ab = s7n').-oc. Tan!\=-~ ' cotB ==-~
®Solve the /olloWintf t,ap.ajions fo~ ;x; • t..· H .. s sec).-11 +cosec"B
i) 3Sin1 ·at. -4-CDS_, 1-z!- +&Tan~ ==Jf ==- l+Tan,_l\ +l+lot"B
t+x« t+t~ 1-x~ .3 l+L+-+1-1-'t-
,..,
1
W x = rane. Tllen 3sin-t~x -'+cos- 1-ta..+~ _
. ~~ /+X~ - 10
Ton-l~z = @ ptnove that to.nflr-1-.Lto~~I 1-
1~~ L~ ~ bJ
~ 3 srn-1 ,;zfane -lj(J)S.,rtnr??i+~11JiikinrtJ,.lf, ton[f-i cos--1 %] ~ ~
.· . r+tan'L(j t+i:ar?'e 1=taf'?iJ 3 I hl ..LCDs-f{-0...,)= e
~ 39rr"'Sin~e-4-a:b-t co~e -t- ~Tan-t ~e=f I ~~ cos-1 Ci'J= ~e
 =P cos~e == a. . ,@ f~Vt?. fhLI; ({)5 [& Tarr~J =sln[Jt.Tan'l
7i
t.:H"S Tan (7T!tr+8) t Tan (TT/4--8) JJ.t tltan-1(-l;)=A J 4-fan-r[ 113)-B -
= ttrane +-'- rane. tan !l ==j_ Tan B = 1/3
I
1-Ta.rt7 1+ rane 1-·H·S:;CO.S(M)
)..
= (t+TanBJ'=f.{I-Tan&):J- = !-Tan i1
1-TanltJ J+TM'7.
= ~CI+7Dn'?JJ ::. t-:L
¥1
t-ran'iJ 1+-/t:q
=f)..
!-Ton?§ =Lt8
50
t+ran?:J =&4-
~
==.A
cos~e
R.. H•S =Sin W)
= ~ == 5tn(~{&.82)
ofb = ~ran~B
==~ I+TM'1~8)
Q.,
== !).. x_a
@)· pJtove -1+a1 SJn-t{1rJ+coo1{#)=ms-1[~~ !i::.
1-t-ft
S1n-1(~) =A .1~
sin A= 3 cos-1(,-g-) =B
, :::; b

CoSA=*
5
CoM= ~~ ~
Wi-1-
L-H-s ~ sln-1(-g)+cos-'(*)== tan-'(~)ttant~ =2:1;.
~5

=ian-' ( j t-..!fk_
L[-3,-tv 5/l.:t
J 1/ct p!JUJVe
~
-1:/>cd Tan--!3 t iDif1.3 -Tan-I€ =lf
't- 5 NLt-
=Tan -I( J. + J _\ -ro.n-I_Q
=:trm-f[f{) 1-31'+•3!5/ ltl

;=COF l~J =ran-t(W.)-TQf\-1(-{tJ

-=- RI-IS = ran-t r ~111- 8ftq l
@) f.JCO/e +h ah cot -lq+COSec-i Jiti =-K L- 1+£7i1t ~ 8/tq-:J
It '+ ~ TQJ)-1( 5/?J -88 )
col:-t (q) =-A , co Sec-t( ~) =8 l W?+d.l6
cd-A-==q
rani\ =iq
cosecB= §I
~
= ran-'{ !l$)
To.nB =!i
lt- =TT
L.H ..S At8 'It
Appltj-ron ~ pj(ove thai cos[Jnn1 ~sin(cot~)J]=
Tan(~)= TanA+TanB .~.
1-T~TanB V1i9.
= Vq +lt-15 . hl co+-'x=.A
1-Vq X 4-/5 =?cdA='t-
- 5+3C == ~= 1 • •0 srn(wl:-xJ~ sint1 == ~
46--'t- 'tl
A+B = Tan-1(1) = 1
= Tfilt Jco5er'A
 1?~+ fA
"fl+"'{J I'
I =
-z¥1+1}
I :=
fJ.-cUVl+l}
I =
9z?dS}
I ==
g~s
--r=(f})SOJ
(f.[~,_PJJ uf?s ,_wlJso-;;
., '
~ ·:~' ~)
 (2

.
-- -~---------EB.QDlJC T
1-J PJWVe tmi the srrulleJ£ rm11-te
- 7J
e~'~-L::.~=:.·-..l~~(
{)e.I)PCV I
. = ~~~~~,s~! :-0-::a
7 JJ+J)
Mlf two dJ~S of a..ak 15 </Vef1 ! /118XIid~ 7Jqt-l ~ 7{10
hj [0$8 :1.·
3
:. ± 7({3i+j)
~~-
t..RJ; 0 be the OJc/~in of
-the cube. = 31+j
raJ<e each sl:1e oj.. /he le.nqth if the c.ul::e 3
rG unit-v (I) .
• • •• •
{TO
uiJose IRJtiTce.& axe fl[/,~,3)1 8
' F1nd the OJteQ. of the bibrrjle II
OA=IJD8,jJDC=kCAJ-hW IJ}Jf<aJt.e U.f'it 'v«J<:J;C( 3'J IJ~) .
r(l, 'J I) ' .
vedo3tS aliJJ1tj with ihe &.JtelEcn cf
0
~ J_ 1118 XA c/
~
'i-1 'II~ axe& .Jiet>peefivelq · 1\8 ~ 08-DII
Tk d1a.f.j01als cf a. cube aJre o6t1A£1BF>CD = 1+]-&1<
DGt = I+j+k II c =a:--o..o1
I AE~ -i+j+K =*]-1<
; hlO = "11.1 +yj-1-Qk
: /..W e be the angle between lwo
be aniJ J1a.IJ . liB XI\C = (l l
&- -1
!/
-1
clia.qona.M 06n ;If: =i(+&) -jC-I nH KC-HJ
=- -3i-3]-3K
to6r/IAEI
CD58: 06t·ltE =4-11+
VHJI = J..
3 -
/ABxAci=Jq+q+q =v~1
r;;:::;
cose = ..L Ll =j>/&f
e= cor;-4~)
3 . = .Ji Equnts !i

~Find the wM vedo" fVtPendrmJtVtit> ~Find unit vedoJt ~I'J}}u

the p10-ne po.!>Siflli th~~toouh fhe pa,m to the. p~.ane delmri'm:l bv the
a

(1~~3) ~riJO and (1 &r4) 1

pc»ntJ PCI1 -l,&h ec~,orO and-
}wJviilt .L• + 118 XJ\ c R( 01 .:!, I) ·
- lAB x!IC/ fon;.~ ± P~x PR.
IIB=oB-Dil lP.8XPRI
~ i-aj~K P&.~ Ofi-OP
1\C = oc--D.-1 = i+j-3/(
= -1K -P-R =oR-OP
=I i j K} . ~ -i-f~-K
I

I ABX.AC
6 6 ~~ ~X PR~ ( i J I
~
K
= 1(~-D)-](-1-0)+KCCHJ)
= ill/+ Jj
I I -3
= .f (-J+q)..,-J C-1-3)+1<
3 -1 (3+0
~
L...,..-...,
 " -·-·~- -----···----··-·····--

= gI+ trJ+ 4-1< ·"'0 -~J-0

-o<.t "
= '+{~t+J+f<) [-"'B AC -~ ~/
A-0 I1&,f -.5i:=:
0
I. . X . 'I =- If- vr--4--
+I +-1
-=-~Hb I = '.C-~J+LI{-8)= -4-3~
,"., + J1 ~i-+ j+KJ 1 ==- -3 6
• OJ+{? V=.l/-36/ =-M =Ca.J.bicUiftt
~ :'J.J+J+K
GJ:

• ~ , F1nci the p()J(fJ}.J.ei volume-

6 of the
'

®I/ o., = f}T+jj-f-lt-k 1 ]j ~ItJ-1< andC= i-J+t::J ip1p0. cJJose cot-erminoUS edges we
then Compute a.,x{bxt>and ~iW -tfati/; l~ebented br,;- the veel:ox s &j-!{j+k;
1s ~pendiLU/aJL to a..· i-j~J<1 01ld~l+j-k· .
0v-1- a..dbxO vofwne at- ~oprped=fahcJ}
bxc / cit -3 11
::::.11 J. K .tI (/
-J _,2-
', _', -i } =)~c--Jj+J C~'tre;;,J J
=W-0 -j{f+tJ+K{-HJ ·-::o 1-~--'1\-d
=/{oJ-j{&J+K{-&J :r- I-J4-) ·
• == I.t-Stv urlts
=- -~J-&K BJ rx:WtmYner; /;ox wHch the vo{I.Lme
Ov)([biC) o~ thepo.ffii1elo pjped ha>Anc; (~ -

oIr ~ -&1
r
& 3
j "
't-
= c-6+8J -j c-4--0J+K{-'+--())
minous edge.s i+J; 3i-j and 1;+ kis
JG
:If
cubic. udrts ·
a1b1c be the g1Ven \ledo9tS -fhen
~ i{&J-J(--4-J+KC-4-J
~ ~Jt-Lf-]-4-1<
CL• (MCb~O) = 11-+l& -tt
I [a h c] =t' 3
t
-I 0
o j
=/6-lb 0 3 Jl.
r.::. o ~ I {-JL-o)-1 {3Jt-O)

:# ~.L{{))(Cbu?) -=- 7'--3"'

@F1ncL the WJ/um .. of the tebtah:rb«Jn · volu.m e :1-';;; panaJ).e}qtp!Ci~ttd:tutfl

whDGe \,€Jltic.e8 ane o,~,tJJ{3~}5JJ {~-I.IJ) /-4-"J'i =IC
and. {-!JOJ 0 ·
vdume. oj- fel:;mh:J.sconV~I [AB AC~ @ F1nd -ihe volume oj--the~
7'-= 14
A a, DB-DJI 6 J..a0n'l the edrr-s i-ti+l<, 1-) ancL
=-~i+itK (+~+k·
Ac: 0f~K vriume oJ- iefJtO..herj91(Y) v=+[a b0
=f' I -1I 9'I
 ~ 1(-1-0) --lcl-o>-il(~+iY
~ I C-tJ -I (I) +I (3 J
CaxbJxCcxd)=t t ] 1<1
-8 -8 g ~
3/ -ci~ 7 ~
= -1-1+3
-= -&,+3 =-J~Oi+ 304j+~4-1<
::: I ij:pvxd ==; 3I j 1</
V= f£ o f sar ·units
== I
-/
3
~
5
@I/r ~ = T-~-3k) b=- ~T+J-Kan::i .... -11t -t3j-+toK
(ax b)· c -(a.x dJ ·b
~ c=-i+3J-~t<,vwftl thai
== {- 3;).-Lto-16)- (II- 3 q+~oJ
a X (bXCJ :¢:. {axb) XC
-= -88+8
bxc = I d!i jI -1J< I = -80

~ i(I)I -j(-3)3+K(-&.5) @ LJ- (£ ~ &Ttl- R, b= -; -+4]-41<:)

=1•+3j+51< c: = T+J+K then find (axb) •CbxV
ax ( bxc) =; ; '
1 3
j
-~ K
-3
5
I Gr/Ven :-a-
r;r;~ru+rf<,bc=-r+~-'tkyC-T+-J+I<
0 - - .. 0 - " -

=iO>-j(8)+k(5J Q;Xb=(T J k}
=- i-8}-+ 5/< &. I -I
-I ~ -4
(axbJ __ ,o J I<
-cl
c

-31 I =0 I ( -Lj-t.V-jC-&'-1)
-
+~- {q..+IJ
1
I
~ I -1 I :=: -£1+qJi-5k

= t{5)- ](5)+/<.(51 1 hxc = { T } R J

-= 5(-5jf51<" I _,, IJt -4-I
(o..xbJxc =; i' J Kl . .: : /(«t-4-J -]C-tt-4-J+Kf-t-cV
. I5 -5
3 -:2, 5 -::: - - -r;j -3j~31<
=t(-5) -j{-15)+K(<20) (iJX bJ ·(fixz;)~ ( ~tcfl + fi!<J(cf-3]-3KJ
::: -5i+ !5jt ~01< ~ --~~-~7-15
a.._x(bxc)::/:{Q.;'/b)xc == -54
@ a, -Jf1 ~ ~ +"-R, --i+ 3}+ :ij0 c= '+T+ 5j-.:lK } sNx.v that angle In a semlciJtde
and d = J-f· 3j+ 5k, the compute the w_kxJJnr; IS a Jti~ht angle ·
0 (iix 0n<Cc xii) and iD co;xlJ.G x (rLx a;. b mnsldRx 'A-ll' o.5 the d.Ya.rnd:ex ol
l:he sern1cJ.Jt.Cie .
a,xb::: { 3i -1j a../</

:::
-1
~8i- 8}t8K
3 ~

ill 'o 1
·
~
~ oJd~n 4
fh e
0
-If> e serrltJMk
c:xa = / 4-; 5j 1< /
_,. hlp be ().11'( pet> I: en -the SentJ Jtde
I 3 5 • ~. Of=- r()().(}]u S) o.rd. OA .::::{f);OB = -a,
= 3tl -~j t 7/< AP·fB :::;(Op-DA) ,{08-0p)
 :::(a-lL)· f-cv-?r) a.~~b; 3Q.,-+&1
=- C-l)(?f-a;) ·{?rtaJ 4= ..L { (CL-~b)X {3a~)j
-=:.. c-o Cc/J., d-J eX.
~o [ ·: /'(/% (lLt?:J ==- lf
J1aXb) -6 (bXO.)/
/ip.Lp_i3 =~ f ().(ax/:i)+G{axbJ/
LAPB=9oo =.:k- te4caxbJ/
:. Angle ?n CL 6emlc7.Jteie- is.tJflr;ht ang'e. = l./ /~xbJJ
~@· :r.~ n;-FO +-""C =V) 1711=3;/51= s OJld tr;{--,_, j..f:tlat/b/ Sin{a.,bJ
_&fl /;1nd the angle ~a- and?; · -)PK5 x 5 )(~
C= -Ca.,+~ = 50Vi; S:Jy· u.nds
9Jill.[).Jt1nrt on f?d;h s;de s 17 Find -the vedon haV!ntj maqnitude
c a= a.~+b ~+ ~ab vvlo,d.lJ to f::dh .
a«fb4~/a.J/b/Co s{a;bJ 'f6un,ts a.rrlp::C~
o •1"\D

-=: M-4 an
¥1 = qt~ 5+~ ·3~scose ~1-R o.nd 31-i-1\- - ~ 77
- db = 3° -J-1\
•
J_d ~-~t-K _a.n-
').. - 0

=) UJCOSB=}.¥ SJ

case =-k 0(.

ax"b --~ &r 0j -1 k}
=WS (Tf!~ -1 3 -1
, e=7Jt3 . =i(o+BJ-)f~-1)-1-KCtJ
@ show that bot M1Lf tcvo vedo.x 5 cr;~ -= 3i+ B) +6K
· /l£.><lil~=(a:Q.J{b-EJ-Ctr. E.J,.= O:b'=-{a/oJ~ I =JCT+T+&KJ
J..d-th and]) be anl( -l:oxJ vecto9f5 ard ! :.ta:xE/=3/t+l+'+ =3(6
- Ct£J bJ == e we Know -lfai A vectox ACLVInf! rro..tjriiu.de {6 and
Ul 5 jCLX "hJ = t~f/b/ Sh{) e>fr.DrvJfcu.J»t. to J:dh o.-o.nd b::::.
,~I zr xu,-r=t.). --Jri1~"6/:J.-.5in~
'-4 J..
___,.(j), r~ lAJ
± {6 CL'xti -== ::1:. O+j+~IO
t<.I-IS (a·o.JCb·hJ- (tr-bJ t~xEI 3
/~!'= !be---[104 1'61 co.s~:J- (:~cosrJ=tJ @ FO.Jc. an'l th.9fee v . s a;"b;c
/li./1-·/6/,..-JQ:I'"/E/')..COS'YfJ thai [bxl" CXOJ l£Xb] =/jL t;CJ2-
fJtDVe
/iiJJ../b/,._Q-Cl$~ ~ ~ [bxc cxa a.xb]= C6JtCJ·j(6a.JX(lL~J}
.

I?J,f'-/"fJ>Sin'lJ C:J-cose =SJnlJ)---4) == (bxC)·itc eX b]CL-[iLlL "b]cj

f~om OJ;C~ ~xbf=(0:.:_~Xb·liJ-(tL-b)J = (5xZ)· i[clC E]a-o?s
"11.::--~ ftJ;)(/:;{ '-= axl).@.x'b):;..o,·(~~ :. lr CL 15], t;{Ox'c)·a.-OJ
~ -:::~~a-~b)=~CJ/~&>-(! J...l 2
~/5,~ b-!7
[c 2t E][E r:aJ=[~6cl[~licJ
-==

==(iE·aJ(6·5.J-(a/[;J). = [cz E CJ'-

= ~1-6'--(Ji,· "bJ l-- I Ifr (jj bJ c be unit vedoJtS sue.h tfai
0

@J.d. CLarctb be vecl09t5; sCi1rsf.t,nq b is not [b3talte/-tocand.CLxC5KCJ:;i"b·

{a.t ~ /lJf= sardra,·7JJ=If-5"· '!_rd the_OJteaol- Find the angles made btt -ex cJI:ft ea.Ch
-the -tMiaf'(Jie ha.vfn9- e»-~b o.ncJ .Ba-tib as o~ b andc ·
1 -i:cv o cf '/t$ !ides·
--------- -- ---- . - --· · - --- -· ---- - ----------------- --. ------- -- ·------·------· -----·- --r····-----·- ---·- ------------- . . ---------- ------ -- -- ----- -- ------- ·---
~Yven -that l15 ~ a;x (J)xr; bet-we.en 0 anCLC ·I/- co:iEJX.i',;.j.fatiJ,
then j1nd s1ne · p:@> ,_
~ ..1 b = (a ·"'C) b -(lL·bYC
~ Gliven tal =1-0 J lb/f:O; ldiO andtb;c)=t:J'
since-,; o.ncLZ cme nonwlllnemt.Vedffits-
Ecyuafint( CDJ1.Jtespondlnr; coeUfcJents m and (aXlJ)XC =f/b/JC/CJ.> ~"
=@:c f{j- (6·c)lt:::: i{b//CJ ct; ( .. 0..) b;Cevte
3 ncncol~
. &?th sr:les •
R=-~and cvb-=o
~ o./c =- oJ - Cli·c J=-fI61/c1 v. s.
9> -/bJ/c/cosa=-ilbf/cl
9/0:/ fCI COSCCi;"C)=~
· ~ cos(aJc)= ·: IaA = !51 =-Ill =I ·9 wse=j-
~
9lne = ± /,.._1--CIJ---.s~~<'- u;• 0 <8 <7T
'7'1- '7'''} .::= ~
•• lCLJ'-
7f
and a>'b =O t v'-J
:. a..
~~·b>~.g; J
rnoJ<e-B o.ng{e51f w?th r: and Is
=+{f
~ ±~a
---:3
, peJtpend1cl1fo.Jv
_ l:o
_ 1) · :. Sln&=~ {": SiJ?f9'+Vein~IJ~)
~ A ~Ct,llJa'JJ B =01 b, b'J a.ndZ~Ct1 c,c) },ro, show -IJ,a;i; J<»t Gnlf jowc. vedoJrS 01 rJ;z
~
=one non-Wplona.J\ vec.:l-·o.ns and ~d - ::r~ = ~-
:rJ (a::x ro) • {CXuv
ctn (); CV 6- -;a/ a.Ni, QJ
Q::
· !b a_ a.2-
b
2
I+t+a
b3 3/ =O; then shaothaiok 1J ·c b.(J
f0Jtt1Ct.L/M (Q.Xb))-= a2-b'J.-(~·7j)~
C. c. 'l- I+c3 pJtocf: (rEX b) ·CCXdJ = 0v • (t;x ~Yd))
A) BJc o.Jre nm-coptana.n ved:OJtS i~e} =lL[C6·C1Jc-(E.CJ<1j
Ll = I' ,
ct
. b b ,.
a}-/
*o
=(<i:c)(6~d)-{Ct-·dJ(b.C)
I1J·cr»·~
__ _ ~·a/
'"'7
I C G,_ =
· d "6
GtiVen 1g o... a?- !+o3/ ~ o
g~ . t+b3 :zl1 ·
ihe alove /a>tmula.lf ·
l:"=a- arr).d=b --
l+t3 -then
{?;c fj+ / c~ ~;: ~1f=o
= .

-9 <t;).
c'-' 1 c'- c3
{C£x"6J')..=-CaxliJ·{i:LxbJ =fa..·3-
"b- a..
a·hJ
"b-b 1 _
cc·o.,bx: axe a:Jf/1eaJ<. = (0:-0-)(5-li)- (JI'b)'-
~ c.1 .t.t C3 1/ed:oJtsJ =a->-r;>-- (6: b):..
9-/'i a,_«.~;
~~ g +a
b
c
II
i g~a,../ ~ rJr-~b]CaJl-e f.l.J)1fVed::oJtS suchtW
~: ~o is pexpendJculcvt to -/he pb/le c{&c
tL

-=:> CfJ.:"'·H3 and -the anqies bel:t.oeen l>alldc is f'

~ / : b %~/+abc;: g- ~~~ . . 0 -then !Jnd fa,+titCI
1 c c c'" /oJ =lb/ :::.Jcl=l
-}I
1 c
- 1I ba., b >- (l+ahc) =0
a.:>-1 oJ. ( b artie) =} a.Lb ard o.J. C
, (, c:l- a: b=O o.rd.a-c=o
~ Ll(f+~) =D -:Ll¥=0 (b;O =-'J
.· · t+a.bc =O I Ca.-+bt-c>l)-:c o.?Tb'l:f.c~~+~<:+&c·a.
@) Oj b, c QJf.e. ron-zvtJ) ond rmaJftep:Jc, ~ I+-I+ I +o +~I bll ctc.o:tbi)h
· 1/edoxS anrle* to,7di.S -fk.o.lje
I
~~ 3 +¥·1·1
~
·-b
 )}Ef/+~9+(,017- =
- -
.2{--hLI+.f.b~+lb~- )ftriJ -[<cf+JJJ- =
(;:IJ-[-J)b~- (::HJ +Jf-J)II- =
J2(? ..!J.)- ~ (2" Tl) = _2)( (CJ..XJ:l)
b?: :::. '"t'J+.SJ+?;> :::
4
C)(E+j,g-J..?:J Ct-+T+.!£-lJ = 2·1 au
>I J{t [LJ -l.b~ =
- - -2..
){OJ-t rooJ-IOtl +)f-trtJ -{ff +1/1--=
- ..e.. ..Q.. - - Q
{)/E' +fs -1~J Q~+ (::1-fJ +[~ -1) 1/_;-- =
.2C9.·W- !]CJ~':Q)
ob'- = +,~-&'+/ =
(;J.-h+[<e-JJ ·(2fJ- I-_!)= r:t-.1JJ
11- ::: 8/-£ +~
--
( 1_f'-tf£ _.__l~)- ()/!)-{-J) = (1-V)
'J (9_·1:2)- !J. {2:1iJ= (2'i9)X:Q fll ~
=(JI-g_)J-(8-f)I+(O~+b-11 =
1 ~~
r_ 7r [2 9_ 'JJ] = (1)(<]_).1? (!
2_'X~Xro] ({!{ {2)(9_) X'J2 Q! (2X!3J·11 (!
tn~
1"f cg_r~]=gpuo C+ttf-cl) =:J.t (9-cl_cJ):=. J21I @
't= }JtCJ+1?1
 -· - .-·.·· ""'· ..
~--·--------------------------~--------------·----·--------- ~'-~

IOF-~~---·-~("
PRDPERITES
'([) ~ t) 0,;:: (b-cJSece 1 p~ove that ·lk- . -(;g) ~
1 cOs~;_ .: r~i,~e ,
-tane =- tJbc sin.A.. . I ' ;: >I>: ~ ' ~ ~ [b+tJ:. Cf\.,
-c ~ - · ;:• · . · · ·- 11.--.-I·Al-
-' ~·0
se.ce == .Q:__
b-C I
_ \ @>:t,D+a) {~U-Ct)
5 ecle- Tan'1J ==I
Tanz.e :::: secZe -1
- .
' . c~o.· _ .
\_t "--

. . -:..

::: .a2:- -1 :-- :s:·_·f!!_:S~fL~ r.::b+C-~~s-ci)

(b-e)).. (b-l-t> ' . . -
=-a,_- {b-cJ ').-
::: . 4'· 5(5-0.) ·, . ''
(b-c):J.. ~~-u :t. :be -
={CL+b -C) (a.,-b+Cl
(b-c):J.. ccke-r ~ ·-ccd"A-:.
-== (~S-~ C){&S~bJ ' . (?fcJ" ' . z::_ '··.
. '
(b-c):J...
-:::..JJ:._ X {_§-b) ( 5-!) xbc ~..· Co5P ~ . ~r Jbc.. c,...r:~{).
. . -~c) .
. ~ .· ' l~. ' I.£)
.. . .·.·-
(b-C)'). he ·-, ·- ~

ran'$ = · !JPc x sinr(t11&J @· cof: A+CotB +COt C =c(+b~£

(b-CJ'- . I 4-tl
= ~cotA
rane =- d.~ x sin~
(b::O I = zCOSII
I· sin .II
1ij a=(b+c) cose; pJt.DVe that = ~ b~fC~a~
~bcSinA :I
sine == d_{i;C_ cos A... -. ~ b~-t~-aJ. i
b+C Jt - Ir
4.A
6tlven a,= Cb+ q c·ose =-'
4-A.
(b4cY~ao2-){~r/-li-/J J

cose == .Q::__ I

bfc = a&+b«-+c a II

s/rle=- /-CoS'&c 1- aJ- 4-Ll

(b+C) 2- ®~ow !:hat coa.SA +£.f3 ~
c =
:: ( b+<i=-ah a..~+b~.,.c~
(b+C)~ -&Abc.
I = (b+ c+a.) ( b+c-<J) = ~~.l.t&ll-b~+~tll<~
I - (b+C)J.. & xa- ~(/).IX b &abx c

I
= ~S· ~Cs-a) --k [b~~.JO.~~~
(b+cJ2-
:=:. a04b~t-cJ.
·:= 4. scs-aJ. be ~abc
be (btC):J..
Sine:::: ~{bE x co~ ® sfuJw t/-tJ,t L+.L+.L+L=-o.1-b7:;-c'J-
~~ (/J.. 1'/ 1',3"'" A 2-
l
(/Jl-C) -a. L/-JS -=Z . ,_ (5-a.):J...+~~+(S-C) ,_ I
6'- ,A:J... ,a.l- ~ l
iiD sine= a..b+C. ) p.JWve !:hal cose ~ = 1J. (s1-aJ:ta~a5+Sti:J=...WS+5).. !l
+c2--~s) ,
 c•,- -
·~--:..,.._....__~~::...:;__.::::_...;~~~· ·~··

~ ~~ (4-s!:.~scaJh+c)+a''fb'Jq..c~)
-r -:~~~~;,~:~·;~r.·-;;o·•r-

;p_b_+ o.- -== o

c~02 c&..=h~
=-'
A~
c¢-~~a~bJ:t-c1--}
./
.,
. ;...;
j_
v '... .
. . . C\ .
+- _..:..----:::
' .

=·aa.f{Ja+C[).. -· fl}"~a b -sf ·. · o.-v+'f- ab -)f

A~

@ f1uxo that CoS A+COSB+CD S C = f+ fr ~. ~ ·,-+ _rf -

' !)[ b~~ •. . ~!,~b:.a)
~ ~{[)S(~)·CD~(A/) tWSC ,. •. •, .

. . '} ____
~ gjSin (-j) .co s0-ii)-+ 1-~ sin'[£)
·.:.-:. ~
·.' .)
_,
- . b-e-\ .,b-C\
·.'
= t+~ slnf (cos (f&B) -sini) _;_. . o·
-~-

=/+~sin~ (cos(~-!) -cos(4: r~J) :::::::==-

=-f+t1S1nf (~sin (A/~)·Sin(B~))

~ I 4!-_!.in fW. •~fn 8,& •SinCI_:.) l
I@ show tha-t in LJ!lBc)ar/:«JsO-cmsB
I bcosc+CCa58 =frfg~b~:;..)+l(c~aCLh~
l

= /+X.. l- &.aJi/ l~_/

p. ~ aW-£~+a~f)..
@ In Ll ABC, 1/- ...L + I = 3
1
show ~().,

1L , {kiC b+C CJ}btc =);.a)-

0
z:ru:.u, G = bD - ~
- ~ =_3_ !I =-CV
- ca+C)t [)rl-/ QJb+C a..= bcosc+CWSB
...cafb+c)(a}bf-RC) =3(ca:tc) Cb+C:i)
(j) s/jow that in ..1 t113 c) to.n[~ =
i
=a..•-~ab+;d-klh+h"-+#4 +IP :K <~.=
3ab +-;ei +~-ac;J, b-e cot .A.
"b-iZ ~
= o.4b~-CJ = a b
"""~abcOSco=::.ab I(%-if)' col(l)= {fp_~:Jl9~)rol(~
--= coS C-::~ j
·
=(Sin/3 -sin c_ Y:nt'9'
s1n8 +S1nc.J- L( J
C=6D()

i@ It c= 6oJ +hen 6Pao that i) b.fC +Jla_ ~1 I ~,icoS(-L®·.sl'(¥) xctt-4

I ~s~n(13J-9·WS(.B?)
ip 6 + a. =0.
cOla~ cJ....bl
,~: U cot= a~+h«-&o..beosc
=~x-mn(¥)~~
co.>! si -9:
=a~+b& -dab(-b)
tan[~] ; ~ mt 4
(.~ ::: a_«+I:P -ab .----:,(0
L-HoS:::: a[c+a)+b(b+C) (@} show that{b-c)Zos~ f(bfct'Sin'2i =cl
(b+C) {c+O)
:: Q.C +Ci?'+ b1-:f-bC
==(W-~/L){J)s'(~+(b~o?~bc) sini('i)
bCfQb-t{~aC (ik~J(cos~+Sin~-~lx(cos~ -srt~)
~ act aJ-+b'=f-hc .
- ~ (.'b~ (j)J
l..::

=(fi1.tC<?) 1-.;tbC COSA

b·c~+q,.'W~- g!?-t-aC I=a_~
.:: 0£+4~ +b## =- I @- Show -/:rat a?--cclA+hUiB+c~-ie ~
a.-c.+a-1"~ 1 ..&-·
,----------- . . . . - --~=:____: ___:...:.::.:_:::.:__________-_. ,~-:- - . . ... - __________ ::_:.:.::~: _____ ---- - -

SO/:We knOW that S'fnA S/n(6D-A)= I Sln3!\ s'ln~ = cos-re[I-CoScX.) LJ\ '•.I

~ ~
andGOSA CDS(60+A) COS (60-A) ==l.. coS3A t~cos-rr~.._ ==- cos'fJ- [1- to5r:l-)
§.inA.- SinC6&f-AJ. sin ao-AJ_ 4-== .zksin3A o+[D5cXJO-cosr;() ==- cos'J-e{f-[[f:J:,()
CDSA coS(&*AJ cos(6rJ-A) ;fcoSBA . cos'J--e :z~CoS!J.-(_sJ)
I case ~ ±f.fCOSC."'0
dQJl3f\
"}tanA ta/1M+A? km(60.-~~ ::::~6')- I 'If wsx+ ws and c05 ._-mSV ~-t I;-:!±.
We know thai ~ 6. taJ1(6o-6 • -then pJtOVe that litt~+-5lDt!f"-D
Wn3X6=toJ)/g o ~faKe ,__ ;.;{f)SX+COS'rJ::~
I """6o .J..r,r. 5'•ol an66~ tan /8· ..... -0J ~li"l
t:UJI -c:;w I T L - o :=} g}_C05.1±!J"C05 Z=!:J..;::: 5- ~
-!:an 18.ton (66-t 8) to.n ( 615+ Ig; == -/:an 3 >(/~ & Jt
== taf15lf. cosx- coS'f= ~
7
ictn /8° -tal1'+~/'1:fmlg\~-/:oJ) 5tf""· • · · ~ -ii_sTn ljj·Sh~ ~t·~
FJtom tr{1 ltlplication oJ..(f}OQJ)ci @Bo=
I L-."' 0 l ,, qo 1
taJ)b6 .-/;,OJ17
-WJ
~
'* &cos ld!J, cos~
~
~Js
'2..__-
We C)e-r:. u.A.116 ·-can '"f'"<'K' • .:
1 -;;..sin 'l+ll-srn1j}- ft/:;-
• 1tn4-3JI+Sin+5if~n77f ~
@ p:JtOve -that Btn-"~-J+ T ?5 ""B'" 4- J)
::;<.~xi:-=-!±.
s I ,s-
= 3. 4
got: ~e L:t-rs ~:1n'tiD+Biri(3JI)+~n{1JIJS1· ·-r -ai{ xa") cof(1g!J) =J;
= 1~ +s'tn[!-J]+1fn1J1+~§If pr-i] ~ 5cat('MJ!) = -14-fo.n {'tri!)
= slnf-i + costr If + ws1 +:in f ~ tit-tar>[ z-II) + 5 wt{.z,fl) =0
J
= ~ [ sJn"f_f r cos+ f ~ >~ [ ~·,n'"f)+.[car-!IJ] (jj} p.xove /:hat!}.co 5'76.+WN-fJJ576•

= :i(s~'-JL+WB'JiJ ~~sinJcostJ
lJ; !_ _
;.
(':o.P>lh~)~) TaJ<e L·H·5 {i)5'>-16+Losft-{.OS7&co5/C
cost6.,f · .
= Cl ~~~~ttJI-cotrr
, ~- -r- 6" •. ~ ~ ao<- ( ~Sltfl[CoJ~
r)'J.._..
cos'-, 6 + 0-sln'J.-16) COS1b ·COS/ ( --r-
= ~-sin1 I+ (cos~c -sinlto -~{cD5{76-+IO+Cos{7c-f6:.
= ~--!- I+ (J)S{76+!6)coS{?6-/6J;j {cosq~cr£:11})
~ f == /t(l)SCf~ C!JSCo--!;-_ co.sq~-.Jcosfb
@1} See (8W)+Sec[8-<~, J ~ ~SeCfi and C.OSX'F 6 ~ I+f co S9«. -.j ctf!, 9& --£:-£ "-/--J:;4:
-then shOlO th:J.t co.:E= ±~co.si t!P.. Ib D<li < B<lf , sin Cll +BJ :=.;& ~
~f"sec(9+o() +SecC8-oO =~sece cos[A-BJ==JJ=, .PTnd the va/u~ c{
5

1 + ' -::::-~sece ':5

coS(e+o9 (05(fh>O tan~A ·
C05(8-<A) t C05(8+li) :::: _g_ sin{!l+BJ =~) co~tJ-BJ=±;
cos').-e -sin '7>f.. -e._r:r 6
(J)SB
~o..n{A+B)=r)_4-J to.n(t1-8)= -4:
~ &.w::ews o1- __ = _::;;ca=--- 7·
tan~li = -lo.n{Ct1+8Jf{t1-Bi]
cosr-e--sln l--oL- wse
CDS~·WS~ :::: CDS'YtJ -Sin'YoL
 -·· -- - ··-

8l;ocL
-~·······

:> i2f1CA18) + tan{A-8) -=-~3-"----~-- ~~~;~-c~;;;;;_ foo--Ciidco~--:;o-;l:h~n

(=to.n(A+8)ian {11-JP J+~~ -thai SinCn+O o( -5/n(fr-l)oL =~
= 'l6-~1 '+ COSCn+l) d..+~ C0.5n I( t-CDS{n-l]o(.. "-'
~8+1~ L·J-1" 5 ::: s1ncn+1 )e< -sin(n-0 r;L
.::; 75
COS[fH-1 )o<..+&mSnd...+[OS{n-1)d.
7Dli
::::..3
'+ = ~cos[-ntl+oc:_ng(-pC,j.sTn[-no{+~-no(+:)
, @- f.JtOVe -that ffSin/So= V~-1
Jl) (D s 36° :=; fff±j_ ~Sno<+ m>s[ilo{+o<i£}ti-ol- [l)S{fl~+~~ J"
4-
hl A:::./8° =&cos no( slnot-
51\ ==qoo fl([)5nri. t- ~co.sno<.COSot
a
::::9' 31\+~ll :C}O =- ~cosn o<.s1n r~--
==> 3.A ::; qj- &-1 iiCOS n r;( (/ +Cfff;Z)
Ap p.l '-i 'cos' on both sides ~1\ ={DSA~
4-C053A- .acosA =5/nJA j lflDfA..-:3a9l=~~
= ~sin iff r ars}
·~CDSz_o£.
" COSA[Lt-4-Sin')..A-3-~5/ntf}=Oj CD5A=Oj-t.9'nA 7P
, -!JStnti+l ,
: 5/nA==--~±fit+lc :=;-~:t~r/5 . tan cY
=
()L

a g
@ p~ve tha1 -tan 16-taf)~ ::&.tan5rJ
= -/:t-{5
~-
tO -6W =: 50 .L
RPPHI
!:r-
vaP
J _, n . ..s
~ ~n/8°= 1/5-J
II' • ..,.. •

4- Tan [-10 -&o) == ran 5o

oo
II} COS3(==- CD5~C/8a.J:::. 1-&1/n,..[B o 9> Taf1 70 -7an&O __ :::.Tan 60
= /-o{ fr{-g ~ 1+-rein 10 ran&o
~ Tan 10-Taf1.:t0 = TM50
= {- ~[5+(-~{57 J+l
/6 "_/
dJ' Tarrro -7Dfl &O ==- tJ.. ran 50
-= 1-J. rb'-J£'1
L-Jr;-_1
,-~_;gonomehu oo'-s ~c.A~:t'J .. -
=1-{-8;[5]
6)S'li1B, 51Y1oe =-) zg :Sol eJ ::: b71+HJVl,}
=15+1 @co'£)::- (a.J.. ::=-) , , f3 ?- ~vmi~ ·
Lf-
~, '(:JnOJ::::"Tarl>< ::::) ', f3 :=: YliT +ci'
. @) ~"LLVe. +~at sin'cri-4!1J+sin,_{()(+Js)- II e~n/J'
....~· s,n(l:l(-15) ::..1. .
~-- ~
=S1n'io(-Lf-5~ +Sin"-(o(+-15) -sin'>-Oi.-lrs:J II f)-;. ft1f-1)1l)z·
· ( :-s;n~-!in'B=~fJ(ItfB}{~
=- 1-'-CO;!f!l-qg) +&in~Cs;ooaJ @~h~·o ='-SII'I",,_ ) ca"'v:::cof.-( /~~o ::c To~~$ ~j 8· kA ~::: ~Y5U-U.
J• . .
~ -x --t, CQJfp~ +J: ,,sinf<J (] 50.\V~n'tJ .~
S)V7E)~_:;;,q~~ }x
I"OABVJ
( Cf:!):::: CC/1(
~ .l tJ· ~( <9 ~ l11T.±v{
,
~-J~~+-~
--. .} I
-:fl
 ===-::==~=~~=~~~
r-·--· .. ·---- ----------~---------~~-----~----~·-···---··'--··-·-·-'"-----·~'---·~-~- ---------. ________ .:_. ,. ___ -----------· -----
~

--·-- ----- ---· ----~--·~-~-- -- I'

J)S;ive -ih~--~~~ow'i~q o.rd. ~;~o the => srne sm{lfi J = 6 ~·l

~jeneJt.al f4ution · 9 e ~ nrr+C-on uvo, ne z I I

a ~ CDS')..e- t/3 sine +I =0 ~ I&- to.rtc 7TCOS8) = cot (frSi ne), then I

~ o-slnJ-e) -{3sine+l =-0 PMVe -thai: cos lt:rlf.)= + I .

v * a.a
~-.;t S1n e - v3 StnB+I = o
o .1- . ,-;:; • .....
·ran Crrcos e) ==" ro.n ( :t £- rrslne)
~s1nJ-e +13 sine_~3=0 trcose =- ±!- rrslne
~srn:Je +-~ {3 $Yne- .J3 sine -a~o Jr(cose+S1n e)=± lJ
&s(ne(-Gfn8+-V3J-{3(sine+{3)=o cose+sine= ±1
~inB+f3){:J.Sini'J-V8)=0 1 ( f;JiT•= ,1+1 =~)
v~ --o roc. eos~+_J;;-sin
-k
1
sine+·r:3 - . (o'd)().Sine-{3
o
:::.o j v'& a=+{;),{N:
__f_

srne ==-f3 Stne =i} ~ Sin{f) I costt(f)SD+ siniLS'Inc=.±~

· n I ~ ~ i~
I Grenend Soluticn. is e:::.nTT+L-0 (~Ji CD5(c9-ZV4-J= +_L_
J.~
I
I

!ig fi (5/n'X.+COSI!) =VJ -solve iJ sln~ercos~f}= sine-cose

~ 5/n~~s'o?fJ:;= cos~e--co99
JCi~+h~ = J&r"i = {I;=~
~cos -:r
3e.s;ne-=-~
ft sint. +ficost= ij -:9: Sin3B·S1nfl
?[ . 7):.

sin~- (ms 4{l t sin~) =O

cosz · eMf 4 nx · sinJE = lj.
CDS(l.-11/4-) = E
d.-
= cos(TftJ
.
*
sinf:o
= n1f
e ~ ~nrr
(91s1n-f+COS.f =-o
51 n-'
ran 1#: =- -1
= -(f)S.3j
';{ -"Tf/;- ::. cX{)Tf± .,. = Tan(-1f4-) 1
T
~==~7T±f+JF -f : nrr-ff "fP't) 1

=().n7f"t1J_+f IJ.n'iT-ftJ e=~TT-f

7
I
I

-:: «f) Tr+5f( &n Tf- 7r i]J V3cose+slne~ I

ODD ""Ti ~ diV,de witA Jia.fba =- J3+f == ~= fiJ.- I
11J} tane+3[ote ~ 5Sece
ianet 31Jt9 =5sece ~~ sina +3cose= 5 JXcose +1- srne = JE
7' c5t .a:-~
CQse ~ne COS8
-=;> sin~+-3COS~ 5sine = cosrcos&+ sinf sine=?k
-9S1n'"e-+3CJ-£h1:JJ -=-5S1ne cos ce-"/f6) ==.J._
~
==? srn"B+3 -39'rm = 5~ne =({) s (ff/4-)
~ & sin~+ 5Sine-3 =O genexd. so/uf:Ton e-f -=-oJ.nlr-fJI
lf-
~ & s1nle tbS'tne-Sine-3= o & ..., a.rrrr±Jt+-f
-:::p ~s;ne (srne -t-3) -1 (Sinf71-3J -o ==:inTr+-lf+-f !;)nTT-~+f
==-JJI TT +51[ · d.n7f-1T
9~S7 ne -1 Xsi'ne +3) =0 I~ I~
Sine = ± c:· Sinetz -3)
. . . .
 1/t) ttsin)..e = 3stnecose - ···--- ·--·-r·Gt1ve-rt-go;iJafio r1Ts- aios&S+bsrn&e~~ --~----
dl vfde be; cos13 =9 a, 1- -tan').-<9)+ b{ (),tn.nfJJ _
t+ton~ t+"tii.l'% - c _
Sec 2--e +ran'le = 37l1FJt9
:'9-a(l-tan~~v+~btane = cO+tane)
(I+TOJ1');.&)+Tan1J =3Tane
-=?Cet+c)tan~ -~btaneKc-aJ - 0
~T(lf)~- 3JO.f)&+I==-O
~ ~- c1 mne -rane +t =o since e1arx:1 c9~ OJt e fXiLtttons Dfce; lrme,)
Q TOJ)9(Ttme-t) -I(TMB-IJ =-0 1fans A rote ihe .JiDOb ci- -the &:J;u:r:lion-·
(jan(B-I)(&Tane-t) =o ! :. fCI£'81 +tane.,_ = ~b J tanelto.ne~ c-o
Tan8=/ (O"I)Tane =If~ 0
a+C C-fe
&otul:ion beTVf)e::j_ I"Y TQJ)(e,te~J
r o<>

- ; = 7Qn&, +-ranee.
- Ton711+ e=nrrt- 1 1-raner rane~
e--=n7r+TV4- o(.. !r =~
fl:\ ate
w 9dve the &J.;ua-tron (J)Px-(V3+1)Cott.-H3=0! J- c~
Co~~<~~ ~c
(0/;J.e -cote- V3wtetV3 ==o =J,b
cot eccot-e-o -V3 ({]i;e-1) =0 ~ o$~Tl»
~01:-e--OCCDte-~)=0 a.n
eote=l , wte=V3 ~..lh
7[11)9= 1 Tane =
-
/3
-r..-.n rr =~OJ
12.
=ron7Jlr_ - ~UJ '6 ().J

& =n 7f+ :q; 8 :- mrt-Jf (j) ~ o< e<71j solve cr:tB·COS~e-rDsae =~

n=o . ~ 4-1-DSe- co~ecosJe=t
solu·t?on sef ~ T174-' 7Tit ~ ( ~{J)S()CDS3B) ~cos~e = 1
,® Find aJI values ofr 1.. In (-71j7TJ satlsWI()Cj @_oswf(.()S&e)(}cosa.e-t=o
: " f+WS1.+CO~~+-··"·= 4-3 ~cosw CDss..e -ra.cos~e-t =o
_fhe &yuatron 8 _ 1-
, 8 1-+/COSl/+fCOSZJl·+ ...... -8 ~COS +8 (bS~B tC0548;= 0
~ t+fWS'LI +{C.OSX-(1-+•••••• :::: ~ cos lf-9 ( &cos ~e+r )-= o
COStte==O (ooJ ~ cos~e+t.:::: o
Ii ;s in 67p Soo ,.,. Fi GreneJflll sd~M ~carmJll 1 {Ds9..e= j
I =~ o(
-::? 1-/({)SX/ 9={M+Of ' ;;(1)5{tq_}
~ t-IG05 X/ :i_ n o) 1)~}3 ' ae~n1iJ(~
<::
:/
9 fcostl= 1--£ =i
~ cosx= ± '/.Os(f) (pr)co5{-¥J
e=~f,Jf,Pf,W~ , :':!J
~ rr +- Tr i-=- J.nrr..t~7T $:if)~
n=oJI ~ ~= ~n" -:r J ~
@If x. is Cl11.tte ancl sin ( tffl j=(Q5{3X.-{;i_;
."~ so/uticn Eef 'sf± t&f' +if-' -!5
Find t·
© It l9"e~ aJle $du/Jon£ 6t the ~ coS(3Z-68) ::: Sin(t.+ro')
aws~e+bs"n~e ~c) l:a.ne,J lotle~ onda+C#J; ~COS (3X-6g) =COS[qo Zttoo?] 0
-{

-/:hen -find -the \Atue s 4 7 COS(3X-G8) = C0.5[8o-X)

l ; l fane, +tan£!§. ; iD l:a.nBt tonlQ J 1i}J tanCec ffQ) ~ :a -lQ /1nTT-~rl+7 (001 ~()1Tt-(80-.;r:
0
0
_
 ., .. ,

l
~--~---=-:~:.:..~.:.:.::.=::~~...::·-~-· .·~-.·r->·-•r --
·--··--~-----·~------- -~-~
~-·--------------· -····-----------~-------~

·~- ' -·---.~.-···-----~·····•···• ....,~""'''"~=·=·<'''.~k~ .. . ·--·~--~. -~·--~-.~"'"""·m---· .

-~------ TRT{izD~
1

l)/?.IQ IRANSEORMATta6f5
([)Iff A+B= 4-5; -/:hen pwve -l:hat ®P810Ve -!:he follow~nq ~ ,
lJ (N-tanA)(I+tanB)='.)andhence b COS&faCOS!Jf"COS4fl=-t i
0
deduce -the value .
of ianc%il2,
- C::::. CoS/M
1 ·CDS!Ef·
I
cosQJJ
7
:I
II) CcotA-I)(cotB-t) =~ S=- s1nrn:r
-, s1n M,
7 s!n.EIJ
7 o
:
,d'<Jn ~cos~7TYSJn.!BJ.(D5!JJTYSiDEJFCdl!Ii
c·s-v , =rfi- -, -,:_;.., · -, 7/:
sof~ V 0+-banli)(l+fanB)=~ I

TM(I\+ 8) ;:= TM(lf) ==J(&Sin ~~.x~~-9f~{~r

ranA+TanB =I = J(Sin !t/0 (Sin ~)(Sin 14fl)
f-7VJ)I\ 1Qf)8
=-f (sin ¥)(sTn ?f}{STn(&.7r+q?)
m.n11+1WJB== t-rantl-To.n.B -===.L sin !i::JI. srnw. sin~
8 7 7 7
rem A+mnB+ranA ·Tan8 == 1
c·Y:i zr
I+ rantl+TMB t mn11 ranB=H-1
I (I+TMI'V+TM80+mniiJ =~ .·.c =-/,
Ct +TanAJ{I+ TOJ?8) =-~ I!Jcos.J[-GOS~· ws3Jr .. co~(]J55TT,::: ,.
•• II II 7f II TT a;[
10 (CDtl\-t )(CDI:B-1)::::.~ I c= cosJI-WS!IT·
II I cos~-coslf-rr.(bsf5Tf
7 7( If
A+B =Lf-5° ,s = Sln.JI- sin~Tf· .1n..dJJ-sinA-rr- 5'tn!51I
co/;{II+B)-- t:JJ1:'~-
5• I'C·s;;:(osEco~
1 . 11 Tl co53TT-cosf1T
tl 1r-cosc::TAx
7T

cotA·CDI:B-1
ar&l\ +eol-B = /j .
·
Tr II
@nfF 1r
-S'in&JI· ,;nff· 7f 7J
SIIJ'iff -sln#!J
cC>/:Arot 8 -I =cot A+COI:/3 c- s=istnffsin tf sinffsi}W· srn ~
col:A coi:B -cd:A-(J)f B= I =fi_ si~Sm !jT sin '1f· 5•YJ:.jf.<m1(·
addJnaa lt 7011 both Stele S CY= _I ·5
3~
::=) c -;.-fh
==
a>f:A(cotB-O-I(coi:B-1)=~
CJJtACd: B-rdA-coi:-B+ I= It- I
€i) ~Ai:J nd an in&eq.nal m
uJ/,1 iJ
P. e
Cf 7f p~o'.l!. tfttt COSA·cos&4·C6Stwi·Cl&A
(co/;-B-I)CuiA-0 = ~ '
~§ni'A .J h
w_ _v.- L,.~,,/)e
ence ·aeu~ that
1
fl'IDVe -!:haA. [j t-coslf]f+mS TO_j
37TI (657nA
cos &7r cos !fJ[ cosllli (OSt~>ll
,nr =76
~/6§}n~coSit·COS&A75·COSM·COS871
6
It-COS 7lll[t+
IOJ, q7fl=.i.
(DS 7fJ_j 16 To..ke /5 '1?5
[
9f+rosfoJ}+ cas-{] D+w~"]!1 = s-x[&SinA(OSIIJC05 &II C054 A mseA
. =7 ~t-~~~ll,tftos(JE-«J].[tfio~c1Mi]1J~l =4->i(.:l5in~·Cos&?.t1 )COSIHI COS~,-',
['oJ G-~~ F~ri1iJ.[•-&~~if-c~. ·•· : - &K{& sln'l-11 wstt-II)·COS8A
I =~-:cw'i}·[r:-,s·,ttt}.=sin,.t8CDs36 =~ Sir} 8/l COS8!'1
n,__~p;; :'1- fR= · son uA
11"~~-iD-
(CJ. :\-o , - ·

+]j I~Yl' · -- Ll#6=-

=- I&::JJ LTS'f "' .1:£ J_ :=.. (OSI\•COS~tl·l05~·COS811 f!J~~
1
I 10
I_L =
 •• ~- ~· ·- ~·~,.-· ro·.•·
--.,. ··--··--
I ----·-·-------~ '""-•"''···~.·,--,-.-.--·-··

. COSsfff coS!J-7T COS 8Tr ·-COS_M' A=B=c

15 75 r•J 1:1
:. 4 i & an CCfWJa:l-eJta.i _
;1=~
eo 5a.Jr
{5
·CDS.!:J:II. co.sRrr -rosKir
{5 (i5" 75
:::. s/n 3.&!
15
f) FOJt AGR; pJtOVe -that
f6 ..Sinf!
iJ s1n.A sin(60+A) Sin (6o-A) -=-ft:sln3/!
sinA{ftl) (6o+A) ~sYn{6o-AJ)
=sfn{ ~lr+f!) £in li(Sin '6'6-s/f{ 1--11J
169n(f!) =sin A[~ - sin~
~ STn (-fl}
=Si~6 [3-4&in't.J
i6(S7'J1[}
::;j_ ( 3 Sinl\ -4 S1 n3A)
:=: I . 4.
16 =i sin31\
+-
®I/t t1 Be be a, t.JLiang f e Euch tf>al iVCDSA·cos(60+t')Cos{6o-t\)
coti1+CotB+cotC=~ then p.xove -that .A.Bc = GOSI\(COS'J..fl- Sin~6o)
is an &fwlaieYcaJ tJtiangfe · ,: ragA [ co5:4 ~ ~
/...QJ; LOtA = z; cot-B = v) col:-c = J.
X+LJ +~ = {3 ---?(j)
A+B+c=Tr
"=i> 11+13 = rr-c
~ cot(l1+f3) = cot{rr-G) .
j -
-
r
Go5~ C4-COS 4- :.J
7\-31
9 cofB·coi::A-1 c: -cole .l(4-LDS3A-3C0~)
::.
cotBf-CDt/1
~ wt-8 -cotA -I = -cot 8 r.otc-cotCLa/;1\ . ·o
= f
Co53fl
7F . . 0 " 0

=> cot11 cot B t-CDtB-aJ:C faiC coft1 = f II!} Stn~O· Sfnlf{J· 1/nGo· Gtn&J
Xt;+'IJ+l(X = f----7@ [~"Sin,1 Sin(6D-II)Stn(6D-tti)=J Sin 311]
cons'd.eJt ('1.-1/)J. +(trJ> ,_+CJ.-!(J '- ~: s!n (3x~o"J ·Sin60":::::..;f '~Yi.,__liO-
~ '1.~'1 ~-&.tY.+YJ.r~~l/~+x~J~;cJ.. =t X~ =-cf
=~(t0..+0+~~J-J.(xy+ 'I~.:~J.XJ ;~ (l)S.Jf~coscllf ·cosBJl .. W5_4-JI
q q -zr 0

=~. Xf '1+4)2.-JL ('t.iJ+l.}~+Jl)

@ g). -~{1.ij+YJ. = Cb S~Do· CD56o~ coS l./o's • G0580
+a.t.J!1 ~J_ COS(6o') ·ClJS &/
~~(x+y-tJ.J,..-'f-(XiJ+'IJ+J..t.J-r').(t'l+ljJft = ><J.. 1x..L
=--~(X;+-lJ+J)d.-6(tV~ ~~~+3.tt) = j_ Ol Ol

== ~(3)-6{/J ( br; c:cyn CD o.ncJ@) ~ 16

~o . If 31\ iS no6 an cxkl mult1ple o}[)
.".. ('1..-t.;)=D o..rri (l(-c9.)=0ard {..t-xJ=Q fJtOVe 1ftal tan!\ ian(60ft1) tan(60-A}
X~'l and t( =.1 and~=x fatr31't and hence ffrd the. We of
coiA x~~;~c tan6ol:an~:tan66ob:ln18°-
i)'. ,· n ,;· "'·:
 -
.~-----------·--· . -~------~--~-0---·---------~----------~~--------6 --------~-~--~:------------~-----· --------~~-.:~.:~-----------~-------···~ --·-··----~-~ ··---- -~~---·-··--··:_:_:~-~--

=? 4-'l= ~nTr+I'+-S(OcrJ ~1. =02n"Tr-t& Cos Sf =~nt.. @

~ 'X ::::.lJK -t-3""( {Oo)X= nrr-bo .:::: COS(f-XJ
"; 5j =Jn7r± {l-~ ¥~ d.n7r- +x -l
9 t=:J"l 5J- =~nTI+J -x ~ = ~nTT-j
@ Find ·the. qeneJtal SduiJon oJ. fhe ~ "1f = ;znrr-t![ ¥ =( 4-n-OJ
CDSece =-~J ai:e = - t/3 · I "1fo (Jrn+O J rx= (~-o rr
wfe=--V3 (05>~e~-'l. ;;i:=(4fl+f27T n-1
= -coL][
~
:::. - cos-ec (W;) 1 1
n= O;IJ J.JJ
?L= 7Tj ~
;;- cosee (- r~t) if' ~ J.£{ J../fTJ ,
6
- = co/; [ -1[-) X=
~ e = nrr± rr, nGz 5oltillon set x= ~ 1f) Tli1 J 5lf/TJ qry1) 13 11i1J
cosece = -i ~- L/r ~;~ ane sdu-l!ionB D} the ~n
= -case..c tr/c
II
~
amsetb51ne= c a,b)ccR ro--~' a a'-=rb7o'J
: : cosecc-:v cosc< i- cos~ } s1no(. ::f: S'ln~ ,~then show
:::;.e=.nlftC-On 1r,4 ntz
t ~ .) -l:h~t a a
wmmDn fiJ!ULlDnSe = ?./l.n"Tr-1[: nfZj. i) S1rtclt-S"tn~= ~tt 1 s"tnoi.·Sin{Y::_C ~-
" /'.... • ,_Lj
9

~ ,_., a~+bJ.. ~ +b:J.

;; • •

~@) SdVe.o Tone-+Eece= f3JOS8~ 6l.Tr iYh$o(+C05~ =- MvG C05:i-CD!JP= Ctl...bd-.

; S"tne -+ _1_ ==t/3 ~ a~~ ' a2--f-bJ-
a:t,I~S1::: {3 COS8 29J'iflrlt( +gJn# = £i.ibJ. ' Siflli-~ =:J:t:.
'{3 cose-sine= t acosetbS1ne-==c
( r(\ & u ~v 3+1 ={I;" = ~) a,wse =- c-bSJne
Ecose-_L s1ne= I S·O· 13 .. 5
& ~ ~ a~cos~-== c'l:t-b~?n'11 -&/;(sine
co5fcose -5tnf rJ/ne==~ oJ-(1-Sin'Je )=c't-b'>-!in19- ~b:sine
cosce+W6) =CDS(Tr(3) oJl-a~sin e>.e = c~J;sin~e -~bcs1ne
1
&+711( =Jnrr.t 71B l caf4bJ.)Sin:<tJ-gJl:c5inet-c~~ti==o
&==JnTrr f -J[ t:Juaddic- ~ in ~ne
e-=- t1n1T-1._ ~O'd) &=J.~7r+f s7not..J slnj3 aM Jtoots ot-a,ua.d.Jtttf:r/JJ{}·
--:;> n=o,t = ~ f
sino<+S7np == Jlbc SinD{ Sin~= cJ-a&.
SoluMDn set-= i I[ J ¥~ a~+b~ > · o.otfba..
Sotu;/;1Dn set- iS I[. (:a:t 3TY~ ron7snat d.ej7rxr1; ii) CDSo(+{.C6~:;: ~ Q.C - , co&o<cos{j=td.....bJ..
aa+bOl- OJ4&i
@sdve COS3 i-tfl>S~z.= Sin3:_. + Sif15 ~ ~~Tf bsine = G-atJJS$
oWS§j-·COS~ == M1nX·CO~i) b~Tn7e-=-e~~;:'le-~acCC68
~ &C05-1f(cos~ -5fh1) =D b«C I-COS'eJ == c&.+·O.J~[{)S'fJ-~ac cose
=;> cost =D aY~J ~ -s?ni=O b&-b~cos~e = c~+a~eos~ -g;_acCtJS&
q-erf91al sotutrm f ={~~+tlf CtJ.l4-bJ)w5'8-~acco:tJ tCc?:...h~=o
x= C«n+U tr oyuMJtO:llc Ea/ua-Hor; in cose
n== 0 C0Sri;Cl6{3 be JtC()tS of &·E
L 'X= i1f}