INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

(DATA PROCESSING)

(BAM125)

By

Azaka Maduabuchuku

School of BUSINESS
Department of BUSINESS
ADMINISTRATION
Delta State Polytechnic,
(DSPG)
Ogwashi-Uku, Delta State

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A computer is a programmable device that stores, retrieves, and
processes data.

Advantages of Computer :

1. Multitasking- Multitasking is one among the main advantage

of computer. Person can do multiple task, multiple operation at
a same time, calculate numerical problems within few seconds.
Computer can perform millions or trillions of work in one
second.
2. Speed – Now computer isn’t just a calculating device. Now a
day’s computer has vital role in human life. One of the most
advantages of computer is its incredible speed, which helps
human to finish their task in few seconds.
3. Cost/ Stores huge – Amount of knowledge it’s a coffee cost
solution. Person can save huge data within a coffee budget.
Centralized database of storing information is that the major
advantage which will reduce cost.
4. Accuracy – One among the basis advantage of computer is
which will perform not only calculations but also with accuracy.
5. Data Security – Protecting digital data is understood as data
security.
6. Task completer – Completes tasks that might be impossible
for humans to complete.
7. Communication – Computer helps the user in better
understanding and communication with the other devices.
8. Productivity – The level of productivity gets automatically
doubled as the computer can done the work at very fast.
9. Reduces work load – Information are often accessed by more
than one person with the necessity for work to be duplicated.
10. Reliability – Computers can perform same sort of work
repeatedly without throwing up errors thanks to tiredness or
boredom, which are quite common among humans.

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11. Storage – The pc has an in-built memory where it can store
an outsized amount of knowledge. You can also store data in
auxiliary storage devices.

DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTERS.
1. Virus and hacking attacks – Virus may be a worm and
hacking is just an unauthorized access over computer for a few
illicit purpose. Virus can go to other system from email
attachment, viewing an infected website advertisement,
through removable device like USB etc.
2. Online Cyber Crimes – Online cyber-crime means computer
and network may have utilized in order to commit crime.
Cyberstalking and fraud are the points which comes under
online cyber-crimes.
3. Reduction employed opportunity – Mainly past generation
wasn’t used of the pc or they need the knowledge of computer
they faced an enormous problem when computer came in field.
4. High cost – Computers are expensive. Even the foremost
affordable computers are still very expensive for the typical
person in South Africa. Since computers empower people.
5. Distractions/disruptions – If you’ve got ever spent hours
browsing the web or watching videos on YouTube, then you
recognize how distracting computers can be! Because of their
high entertainment value.
6. Increases waste and impacts the environment – With the
speed that computers and other electronics get replaced, all of
the old devices that get thrown away have a big impact on the
environment.
7. Health Problems: – Prolonged use of computers can lead to
various health Hazards. Too much sitting near the screen
results in eye strain and drying up of the eyes. Also, prolonged
sitting leads to neck and back problems.

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APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS IN VARIOUS FIELDS .

1. Business
A computer has high speed of calculation, diligence, accuracy,
reliability, or versatility which has made it an integrated part in all
business organizations.
Computer is used in business organizations for:
• Payroll Calculations
• Budgeting
• Sales Analysis
• Managing Employee Database
• Maintenance of stocks, etc.

2. Banking
Today, banking is almost totally dependent on computers.
Banks provide the following facilities:
• Online accounting facility, which includes checking current
balance, making deposits and overdrafts, checking interest
charges, shares, and trustee records.
• ATM machines which are completely automated are making it
even easier for customers to deal with banks.

3. Insurance
Insurance companies are keeping all records up-to-date with the
help of computers. Insurance companies, stock broking firms are
widely using computers for their concerns.
Insurance companies are maintaining a database of all clients
with information showing:
• Procedure to continue with policies
• Starting date of the policies
• Next due installment of a policy
• Maturity date
• Interests due
• Survival benefits
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 • Bonus

4. Education
The computer helps in providing a lot of facilities in the education
system.
• The computer provides a tool in the education system known
as CBE (Computer Based Education).
• CBE involves control, delivery, and evaluation of learning.
• Computer education is rapidly increasing the graph of number
of computer students.
• There are a number of methods in which educational
institutions can use a computer to educate the students.
• It is used to prepare a database about performance of a
student and analysis is carried out on this basis.

5. Marketing
In marketing, uses of the computer are following:
• Advertising - With computers, advertising professionals
create art and graphics, write and revise copy, and print and
disseminate ads with the goal of selling more products.
• Home Shopping - Home shopping has been made possible
through the use of computerized catalogues that provide
access to product information and permit direct entry of
orders to be filled by the customers.

6. Healthcare
Computers have become an important part in hospitals, labs, and
dispensaries. They are being used in hospitals to keep the record
of patients and medicines. It is also used in scanning and
diagnosing different diseases. ECG, EEG, ultrasounds and CT
scans, etc. are also done by computerized machines.
Following are some major fields of health care in which computers
are used.

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 • Diagnostic System - Computers are used to collect data and
identify the cause of illness.
• Lab-diagnostic System - All tests can be done and the
reports are prepared by computer.
• Patient Monitoring System - These are used to check the
patient's signs for abnormality such as in Cardiac Arrest,
ECG, etc.
• Pharma Information System - Computer is used to check
drug labels, expiry dates, harmful side effects, etc.
• Surgery - Nowadays, computers are also used in performing
surgery.

7. Engineering Design
Computers are widely used for Engineering purpose.
One of the major areas is CAD (Computer Aided Design) that
provides creation and modification of images. Some of the fields
are:
• Structural Engineering - Requires stress and strain analysis
for design of ships, buildings, budgets, airplanes, etc.
• Industrial Engineering - Computers deal with design,
implementation, and improvement of integrated systems of
people, materials, and equipment.
• Architectural Engineering - Computers help in planning
towns, designing buildings, determining a range of buildings
on a site using both 2D and 3D drawings.

8. Military
Computers are largely used in defence. Modern tanks, missiles,
weapons, etc. Military also employs computerized control
systems. Some military areas where a computer has been used
are:
• Missile Control
• Military Communication
• Military Operation and Planning
• Smart Weapons.
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 9. Communication
Communication is a way to convey a message, an idea, a picture,
or speech that is received and understood clearly and correctly by
the person for whom it is meant. Some main areas in this
category are:
• E-mail
• Chatting
• Usenet
• FTP
• Telnet
• Video-conferencing

10. Government
Computers play an important role in government services. Some
major fields in this category are:
• Budgets
• Sales tax department
• Income tax department
• Computation of male/female ratio
• Computerization of voters’ lists
• Computerization of PAN card
• Weather forecasting