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Science & Technology

Test-5
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 Science & Technology Test-5
Part -1

1. Which of the following statements regarding human capability in a way that joins
Operating System is/are correct? person and machine as one.
1. The Operating System is a component of 2. Under Augmented humanity wearable
the system Software and hardware in a devices begin to pre-empt what an
computer system. individual want through mood, heart
2. For hardware functions such as input and rate and body temperature.
output and memory allocation, the Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Operating system acts as an intermediary
(a) Only 1
between programs and the computer
software. (b) Only 2
3. Operating System usually require an (c) Both
Application program to function.. (d) None
Codes: 4. Consider the following statements regarding
(a) 1 and 3 Science, Technology and Innovation Policy
(STI) 2013:
(b) Only 2
1. The policy goal is to accelerate the pace of
(c) 2 and 3
discovery and delivery of science led
(d) None solutions.
2. Consider the following statements related to 2. The policy seeks the right sizing of the
Cruise Missile: gross expenditure on research and
1. Cruise Missile fly within the earth’s development
atmosphere and use jet engine 3. The policy seeks to create a public
technology. procurement policy that favors
2. Hypersonic cruise missile travels at a indigenous innovations.
speed of more than 5 Mach. 4. The policy seeks to gain global
3. Cruise missiles can be launched from competitiveness in select technological
land based facilities only. areas through indigenous technology &
innovations.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 2
(a) 1, 3 and 4 (b) 1, 2 and 3
(b) Only 2
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) All
(c) 2 and 3
(d) All 5. Consider the following statements regarding
the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM):
3. Consider the following statements about
1. The Mission envisages manufacturing of
"Augmented Humanity".
supercomputing systems in India.
1. Augmented Humanity defines the use of
2. The Mission would be implemented and
technology to both aid, and replace,
steered jointly by the ISRO and DRDO.
 3. The Mission seeks to develop highly 8. Consider the following statements regarding
professional High Performance the Supercomputer:
Computing (HPC) aware human 1. Supercomputers generally aim for
resource. maximising in capability computing
4. The Mission supports the government's rather than capacity computing.
vision of "Digital India" and "Make in 2. The speed of supercomputers is
India" initiatives. measured and benchmarked in 'FLOPS'
Which of the above statements are correct? (Floating point Operations Per Second)
and 'MIPS' (Million instructions per
(a) 1, 3 and 4
second).
(b) 1, 2 and 4
3. PARAM YUVA II is the first Green
(c) 2, 3 and 4 supercomputer of India.
(d) All
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
6. Consider the following statements about (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
Gaofen-4 Satellite:
(c) Only 3 (d) All
1. It is China's high-definition optical
imaging satellite and world's most 9. Consider the following statements regarding
sophisticated HD geosynchronous orbit the Denial-Of-Service (DoS) attack:
remote sensing satellite. 1. Denial-Of-Service (DoS) attacks attempt
2. It is located at the polar orbit and moves to breach the security perimeter of a
synchronously with the earth. website.
3. It will be used for surveillance for border 2. Denial-Of-Service (DoS) attack has been
areas and security in coastal region. launched to establish a long-term
foothold and hijack sensitive information.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
3. In a DoS attack, a perpetrator uses a
(a) 1 and 2 multiple Internet connection to exploit
(b) 2 and 3 software vulnerability.
(c) Only 1 4. DoS attacks target sites or services hosted
(d) All on high-profile web servers such as
banks, credit card payment gateways.
7. Which of the following are the objectives of
National Policy on Information Technology Which of the above statements is/are correct?
2012? (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
1. It aims to promote innovation and R&D (c) Only 3 (d) Only 4
in cutting edge technologies.
10. Consider the following statements regarding
2. It aims to encourage adoption of ICTs in the Ballistic Missile Defence (BMD) of India:
key economic and strategic sectors to
improve their competitiveness and 1. India has become the fourth country to
productivity. have successfully tested the anti-missile
system after the US, Russia and Israel.
3. It aims to create a pool of 10 million
additional skilled manpower in ICT. 2. India's Advanced Air Defence (AAD)
missile is only for high altitude
4. It aims to deregulate the Regulatory and
interception.
Security Framework of Cyberspace
ecosystem to encourage internet usage. 3. India's Prithvi Air Defence (PAD) missile
is only for low altitude interception.
Codes: 4. Ballistic Missile Defence of India can
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1, 3 and 4 shield an entire country against incoming
(c) 1 and 3 (d) All
 missiles, such as intercontinental ballistic 3. IT major Tech Mahindra has launched
missiles of over 7,500-kilometer range. India's first commercial NFC ecosystem,
'Tap N Pay' contactless digital payment
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
wallet MoboMoney.
(a) 1 and 2
Which of the above statements are correct?
(b) Only 3
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) Only 1
(c) 1 and 3 (d) All
(d) 1 and 3
14. Which of the following are the goals of
11. Consider the following statements regarding
NASA's Near-Earth Object?
the National Knowledge Network (NKN):
1. To study about the current and future
1. NKN is intended to connect all the
position of near earth objects relative to
knowledge and research institutions in
Earth.
the country using high latency network.
2. To provide warnings on potential
2. NKN is a state-of-the-art Pan-India
collision impact hazards of near earth
network.
objects.
3. NKN is intended to connect all the
3. To develop NEO deflection methods.
knowledge and research institutions in
the country using high bandwidth. Codes:
Which of the above statements are correct? (a) Only 1
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) All
(d) All 15. Consider the following statements regarding
the IP Telephony:
12. Which of the following pairs are correctly
matched? 1. IP telephony is a technology for the
delivery of voice communications and
1. SAGA – India
multimedia over Internet Protocol (IP)
2. NUDT Tianhe – Japan networks.
3. Cray Titan – US 2. IP telephony is a technology that refers to
4. Shaheen II – Pakistan providing communications services via
the public switched telephone network
Codes:
(PSTN).
(a) 1 and 2
3. IP telephony allows both voice and data
(b) 1 and 3 communications to be run over a single
(c) 3 and 4 network
(d) 1, 3 and 4 4. In IP telephony, no direct link between
location and communications end point
13. Consider the following statements about the
Near field communication (NFC): exists.
1. NFC is a long-range high frequency Which of the above statements are correct?
wireless communication technology. (a) 1 and 2 (b) 1, 2 and 4
2. NFC tags are passive data stores which (c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) All
can be read, and under some
circumstances written to, by an NFC 16. Which of the following schemes has been
device. launched by the government to meet the solar
energy targets?
 1. To set up 40 GW solar rooftop 19. Harvest failures and rising food prices pose a
programme where grid connectivity is particular threat to the food security of people
already exist. across the developing world.
2. The Government has approved Scheme In this regard consider the following
for setting up of 25 Solar Parks, each with statements regarding the applications of
the capacity of 500 MW and above. Agricultural Nuclear Technology:
3. Surya Mitra Scheme launched for 1. The technology is used for sterilization,
creating 50,000 trained personnel- within mostly of herbs, but also for fruits and
a period of 5 years. vegetables.
Codes: 2. The technology is used for genetic
(a) 1 and 2 (b) Only 2 modification of plants to increase yields.
(c) Only 1 (d) All 3. In nuclear technology the exposure to
direct and High-dose radiation kills
17. Consider the following statements related to bacteria and other pathogens.
Light Emitting Diodes:
4. The technology deactivates seeds creating
1. LEDs can emit light of an intended colour more disease-resistant crops, and thus
without the use of colour filters that dismisses the need for fertilizers or
traditional lighting methods require. pesticides.
2. When dimming is required, LEDs
Which of the above statements are correct?
changes their colour tint as the current
passing through them is lowered to (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
increase the life-cycle. (c) 3 and 4 (d) All
3. LEDs do not contain mercury, unlike 20. Consider the following statements regarding
compact fluorescent lamps. the Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM):
Which of the above statements is/are correct? 1. An Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
(a) Only 1 (b) 2 and 3 (ICBM) is a guided ballistic missile
primarily designed for nuclear weapons
(c) 1 and 3 (d) All
delivery.
18. Consider the following statements regarding 2. Modern design of an Intercontinental
the Cryogenic Technology: Ballistic Missile (ICBM) allows single
1. Cryogenic technology involves the use of missile to carry several warheads, each of
rocket propellants at extremely low which can strike a different target.
temperatures. 3. BRAHMOS-II, a supersonic cruise missile
2. The combination of liquid oxygen and is an Intercontinental Ballistic Missile of
liquid hydrogen offers the highest energy India.
efficiency for rocket engines. 4. A ballistic missile travels well within the
3. In cryogenic technology Liquid oxygen atmosphere.
(LOX) is more widely used as fuel for
Which of the above statements are correct?
rockets.
(a) 2 and 3
4. In cryogenic technology liquid hydrogen
is more widely used as an oxidizer to (b) 2, 3 and 4
produce large amounts of thrust. (c) 3 and 4
(d) 1 and 2
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) All (b) 2, 3 and 4 21. Which of the following are the applications of
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 1, 2 and 4 Biotechnologyin environmental conservation?
1. To reverse desertification.
 2. For Bio-remediation of polluted Codes:
environment. (a) 1 and 2
3. To reverse Green house effect. (b) Only 2
4. For Air purification. (c) Only 3
Codes: (d) None
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 24. Which among the followings are associated
(c) 2 and 3 (d) All with Cloud Computing/Cloud Services?
22. Which of the following is/are not the 1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
UAV(Unmanned Areal Vehicle) of India? 2. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
1. AURA 3. Hardware as a Service (HaaS)
2. Rustom 4. Storage as a Service (STaaS)
3. Panchi Codes:
4. Slybird (a) 1, 2 and 3
Codes: (b) 1, 2 and 4
(a) Only 1 (c) 2, 3 and 4
(b) Only 3 (d) All
(c) Only 4 25. The National Optical fibre network which
(d) None will connect all the 2,50,000 Gram panchayats
in the country will use Dark fibre network for
23. Recently ExoMars Mission was in news,
it. What does the term dark fibre signifies?
which of the following statements is/are
correct related to it? (a) Dark fibre network is the network
infrastructure which is used by private
1. The European Space Agency (ESA) and
telecommunication companies for
NASA has established this to investigate
connecting villages.
the Martian environment.
(b) Dark fibre network is the unused
2. It was launched into space on a Proton
network infrastructure that is a mixture
rocket from Baikonour cosmodrome in
of cabling, switches and repeaters.
Russia.
(c) Dark fibre network is the unused
3. The second phase of the Mission consist
network infrastructure that is used for
of a Mars rover will launch in 2018.
military purposes.
(d) Dark fibre network is the network
infrastructure which switches between
online and offline mode as per
requirement.
Select the correct answer using the codes
given below:

 Science & Technology Test-5 Answers
Part -1

Ans. 1. (b) develop highly professional High

Performance Computing (HPC) aware human
Exp: The operating system is a component of the
resource. The Mission supports the
system software in a computer system.
government's vision of "Digital India" and
For hardware functions such as input and "Make in India" initiatives.
output and memory allocation, the operating
Ans. 6. (c)
system acts as an intermediary between
programs and the computer software. Exp: It will be used for surveillance of geological
disasters and forest disasters, disaster
Application programs usually require an
prevention and relief and meteorological
operating system to function.
forecast. It is placed in geosynchronous orbit.
Ans. 2. (a)
Ans. 7. (a)
Ans. 3. (c)
Exp: National Policy on Information Technology
Exp: Augmented Humanity is a phrase that was 2012 aims to promote innovation and R&D in
coined in 2010 by ex-Google CEO Eric cutting edge technologies, to encourage
Schmidt. It defines the use of technology to adoption of ICTs in key economic and
both aid, and replace, human capability in a strategic sectors to improve their
way that joins person and machine as one. competitiveness and productivity. It also aims
to create a pool of 10million additional skilled
This is the next stage of our reliance on manpower in ICT. The policy aims to
technology, where wearable devices begin to strengthen the Regulatory and Security
pre-empt what we want through our mood, Framework of Cyberspace ecosystem for
heart rate and body temperature. This ensuring a Secure and legally compliant
augmentation also defines machinery used to Cyberspace.
replace or enhance parts of the body.
Ans. 8. (c)
Ans. 4. (b)
Exp: It is to be noted that Supercomputers
Exp: It is to be noted that STI 2013 seeks to gain generally aim for the maximum in capability
global competitiveness in select technological computing rather than capacity computing.
areas through international cooperation and The speed of supercomputers is measured
alliances. and benchmarked in 'FLOPS' (Floating point
Ans. 5. (a) Operations Per Second). The speed of
supercomputers (Performance of a
Exp: It should be noted that the mission would be supercomputer) is measured and
implemented and steered jointly by benchmarked in "FLOPS" (Floating point
Department of Science and Technology (DST) Operations per Second), and not in terms of
and Department of Electronics and "MIPS" (Million Instructions per Second), as is
Information Technology (DeitY). The mission the case with general-purpose computers. It is
envisages manufacturing of supercomputing important point to remember that high
systems in India. The Mission seeks to
 performance supercomputers usually require Ans. 11. (b)
high energy, as well.
Exp: NKN is a state-of-the-art Pan-India network.
Ans. 9. (d) It is aimed at establishing a strong and robust
internal Indian network and intended to
Exp: It is to be noted that DoS, unlike other kind of connect all the knowledge and research
cyber attacks, which are typically launched to institutions in the country using Low latency
establish a long-term foothold and hijack network and high bandwidth. It is to be
sensitive information, denial of service attacks noted that a low latency network is a network
do not attempt to breach the security in which the design of the hardware, systems
perimeter of a website rather, they attempt to and protocols are geared towards minimizing
make a website and servers unavailable to the time taken to move units of data between
legitimate users. In a DoS attack, a any two points on that network.
perpetrator uses a single Internet connection
to either exploit software vulnerability or Ans. 12. (b)
flood a target with fake requests-usually in an
Exp: NUDT Tianhe-2 belongs to China & Shaheen
attempt to exhaust server resources (e.g.,
II belongs to Saudi Arabia.
RAM and CPU). Denial-of-service (DoS)
attack is an attempt to make a machine or Ans. 13. (b)
network resource unavailable to its intended
users. DoS attacks target sites or services Exp: NFC is a short-range high frequency wireless
hosted on high-profile web servers such as communication technology.
banks, credit card payment gateways. Ans. 14. (d)
Dramatic increase in the number of spam
emails is one of the features of DoS. Exp: Near-Earth objects (NEOs) are asteroids or
comets with sizes ranging from meters to tens
Ans. 10. (c) of kilometers that orbit the Sun and whose
Exp: India has become the fourth country to have orbits come close to that of Earth's. Of the
successfully tested the anti-missile system more than 600 000 known asteroids in our
after the US, Russia and Israel. India's BMD Solar System, almost 10 000 are NEOs.
programme, launched in the middle of the Largest near earth asteroid 1036 ganymed by
previous decade, is a two-tiered shield system NASA near earth object programme
consisting of two interceptor missiles, namely
the Prithvi Air Defence (PAD) missile for high NASA NEO observation prog since 1998
altitude interception and the Advanced Air Ans. 15. (c)
Defence (AAD) missile for lower altitude
interception. However, the Indian BMD, Exp: Voice over IP (VoIP) is a methodology and
mainly focusing to counter missiles with less group of technologies for the delivery of voice
than 5,000-km range, is still to become communications and multimedia sessions
operational as further tests of the BMD over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as
system are being planned. It is the multiple- the Internet. It allows both voice and data
missile threat defence system called the communications to be run over a single
National Missile Defence (NMD) of the US network. In IP telephony, no such direct link
can shield an entire country against incoming between location and communications end
missiles, such as intercontinental ballistic point exists.
missiles of over 7,500-kilometer range and
Ans. 16. (d)
other shorter range ballistic missiles.
Ans. 17. (c)
Exp: When used in applications where dimming is
required, LEDs do not change their colour tint
 as the current passing through them is Ans. 19. (d)
lowered, unlike incandescent lamps, which Exp: An intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) is
turn yellow. a guided ballistic missile primarily designed
Ans. 18. (c) for nuclear weapons delivery. Modern design
of an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM)
Exp: Cryogenic technology involves the use of allows single missile to carry several
rocket propellants at extremely low warheads, each of which can strike a different
temperatures. The combination of liquid target. BRAHMOS-II is a hypersonic cruise
oxygen and liquid hydrogen offers the missile. It is not an intercontinental ballistic
highest energy efficiency for rocket engines missile. A ballistic missile is launched directly
that need to produce large amounts of thrust. into the high layers of the earth's atmosphere.
But oxygen remains a liquid only at It travels well outside the atmosphere.
temperatures below minus 183° Celsius and
hydrogen at below minus 253° Celsius. Ans. 21. (d)
Building a rocket stage with an engine that Ans. 22. (c)
runs on such propellants means overcoming
engineering challenges. Cryogenic fuels are Exp: UAV of India are Nishant, Rustom, AURA,
fuels that require storage at extremely low Panchi, etc.
temperatures in order to maintain them in a Ans. 23. (c)
liquid state. These fuels are used in
machinery that operates in space (e.g. rocket Exp: It is mission of Russian Federal Space Agency
ships and satellites) because ordinary fuel (Roscosmos) and European Space Agency
cannot be used there, due to absence of an (ESA). Baikonour cosmodrome space station
environment that supports combustion (on is in Kazakhstan.
earth, oxygen is abundant in the atmosphere,
Ans. 24. (b)
whereas in human-explorable space, oxygen
is virtually non-existent). Cryogenic fuels Exp: The Cloud Services available are
most often constitute liquefied gases such as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as
liquid hydrogen. In cryogenic technology, a Service (PaaS), Software as a Service (SaaS)
liquid hydrogen is most widely as a fuel not and Storage as a Service (STaaS).
as an oxidizer. Liquid oxygen (LOX) is even
more widely used but as an oxidizer, not a Ans. 25. (b)
fuel. Exp: The NOFN project provides internet access
Ans. 19. (a) using existing optical fiber and extending it to
the Gram panchayats. Connectivity gap
Exp: With respect to the agricultural nuclear between Gram Panchayats and Blocks will be
technology option 1 & 2 are correct, however filled. The project was intended to enable the
option 3 and 4 are incorrect. In ANT, the government of India to provide e-services
exposure to indirect not direct and low-dose and e-applications nationally. A special
radiation kills bacteria and other pathogens. purpose vehicle Bharat Broadband Network
In option 4, agricultural nuclear technology Limited (BBNL) was created as a Public
activates seeds creating more disease-resistant Sector Undertaking (PSU) under the
crops, and thus dismisses the need for Companies Act of 1956 for the execution of
fertilizers or pesticides. the project. It will use dark fibre network i.e.
unused fibre infrastructure.

 Science & Technology Test-5
Part -2

1. Consider the following statements regarding 3. Consider the following statements regarding
the satellites in the NAVIC system: the missile systems of India:
1. In the NAVIC system, satellites move in 1. The Nirbhay missile is a short-range,
low-earth and geostationary orbit to surface-to-surface, ballistic missile
improve both the time lag issue as well as capable of achieving hypersonic speeds.
coverage. 2. The Prithvi Missile system is a strategic
2. The geostationary satellites in NAVIC missile system whereas the Agni Missile
system move in circular orbits, while the system is a tactical missile system.
low-earth orbit satellites move in 3. Shaurya is a long-range, subsonic cruise
elliptical orbits. missile.
Which of the statements given above is/are Which of the statements given above are
correct? incorrect?
(a) Only 1 (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(b) Only 2 (c) 1 and 3 (d) All
(c) Both
4. Consider the following statements regarding
(d) None the Project Loon:
2. The satellite of the ISRO Aditya will be 1. Project Loon of Google is for providing
positioned at one of the Lagrange points. internet access to rural and remote areas
Consider the following statements related to using high-altitude helium-filled
the Lagrange points: balloons.
1. The Lagrange points mark positions 2. Project Loon balloons will travel in the
where the combined gravitational pull of Ionosphere for transmission of radio
the sun & earth provides precisely the waves and signals to wider area.
centripetal force required to orbit with 3. The balloon uses solar panel and wind to
them. power electronic equipment in the
2. The objects at these points are never balloon.
shadowed by the Earth or the Moon.
Which of the statements given above is/are
3. The point could help in monitoring the correct?
evolution of active sunspot regions before
(a) Only 1
they rotate into a geo-effective position.
(b) Only 2
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(c) 1 and 3
(a) 1 and 3
(d) All
(b) Only 2
5. With the advent of Information age and
(c) Only 1
proliferation of Social networking Sites there
(d) All are serious repercussions on cyber security.
 Consider the following statements regarding (b) 2 and 3
cyber crimes: (c) 1, 2 and 3
1. Vishing is the act of using the telephone (d) 1 and 3
in an attempt to scam the user.
8. Consider the following statements about the
2. Cyber squatting is the act of registering a
Multi-Application Solar Telescope (MAST):
famous domain name and then selling it
for the fortune. 1. It is Asia's biggest telescope inaugurated
at Laddakh.
3. Malicious Software are the Internet-based
software or programs that are used to 2. It will provide 3 Dimensional (3D)
disrupt a network. images of solar activities such as solar
blast and solar flares.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
3. The telescope will be capable of
(a) Only 2 capturing high resolution images even
(b) 1 and 3 during the daytime.
(c) 2 and 3 Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(d) All (a) Only 1
6. Which among the following doesn't constitute (b) 2 and 3
Mission Mode Projects under the National e- (c) 1 and 3
Governance Plan (NeGP)?
(d) All
1. Banking
9. Which of the following are the applications of
2. Geoengineering
nanotechnology in environmental
3. UID conservation?
4. Pension 1. Magnetic nanoparticles is used for water
5. Immigration treatment and remediation.
6. Income Tax (IT) 2. TiO2 nanoparticles is used for the
catalytic degradation of water pollutants.
Codes:
3. Nanocatalysts are used for more efficient,
(a) 1 and 2
cheaper, and better-controlled catalytic
(b) 1, 2 and 4 converters for environmental
(c) Only 2 management.
(d) Only 1
Codes:
7. Consider the following statements regarding (a) 1 and 2
the Digital Convergence: (b) 2 and 3
1. It refers to the coming together of (c) 1 and 3
telecommunications, computing and
(d) All
broadcasting into a single digital bit-
stream 10. Which of the following are the proposed
2. It also refers to the coming together of advantages of Indian based Neutrino
different cloud data interface into a single Observatory (INO)?
cloud infrastructure. 1. Neutrinos may play a role in nuclear
3. Digital India aims at the digital non-proliferation through the remote
convergence of rural and urban India by monitoring of nuclear reactors.
developing indigenous tech-nologies. 2. Neutrinos can help us to detect mineral
and oil deposits deep in the earth.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 2
 3. Neutrinos can open up a faster way to 13. In the context of Telecom Technology,
send data than the current 'around the consider the following statements about "5G
earth' model, using towers, cables or Technology":
satellites. 1. 5G refers to all-Internet Protocol (IP)
4. Neutrinos can help in understanding the circuit-switched networks giving mobile
dark matter in the universe. ultra-broadband (gigabit speed) access.
Select the correct answer using the codes 2. 5G will use light-emitting diodes to
given below: transmit data, rather than radio wave.
3. 5G, mobile broadband could reach
Codes: speeds of up to 10 gigabytes and will
(a) 1, 3 and 4 (b) 1, 2 and 4 have lower infrastructure deployment
(c) 3 and 4 (d) All costs.

11. Consider the following statements regarding Which of the above given statements is/are
the 'India's 3-Stage Nuclear Power correct?
Programme': (a) 1 and 2
1. The first stage envisages setting up of (b) 2 and 3
Fast Breeder Reactors backed up by the (c) Only 2
processing plants.
(d) All
2. Second stage envisages setting up of
Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors and 14. Consider the following statements regarding
associated fuel cycle facilities. the 'Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors';
3. Third stage is in technology development 1. Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors
stage which envisages setting up of (PHWRs) are originally a Canadian
Advanced Heavy Water Reactors based design also called 'CANDU'.
on Thorium - Uranium 233 cycle. 2. Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors
(PHWRs) run on natural (unenriched) or
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
slightly-enriched uranium oxide fuel.
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
3. Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors
(c) Only 3 (d) 1 and 3 (PHWRs) use CO2 gas - a very weak
12. The ICT Development Index (IDI) is based on moderator & as the primary coolant.
which of the following parameters?
Which of the above statements are correct?
1. Fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100
(a) 1 and 3
inhabitants.
(b) 2 and 3
2. Adult Literacy Rate.
(c) 1 and 2
3. International internet bandwidth per
user. (d) All
4. Wireless broadband subscriptions per 100 15. Consider the following statements regarding
inhabitants. the HTML:
Select the correct answer using the codes 1. HTML is the standard markup language
given below: used to create web pages.
2. HTML stands for Higher Technology
Codes: Markup Language.
(a) 1, 2 and 3 3. Web browsers can read HTML files and
(b) 1, 3 and 4 render them into visible or audible web
(c) 2, 3 and 4 pages.
(d) All
 4. HTML describes the structure of a Codes:
website in a programming language. (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
Which of the above statements are incorrect? (c) 1 and 4 (d) 3 and 4
(a) 1 and 2 18. Consider the following statements about the
(b) 2 and 4 Astrosat:
(c) 3 and 4 1. Astrosat is India's first dedicated multi-
(d) 2 and 3 wavelength space observatory.
2. It will observe the universe through
16. Which of the following statement correctly
ultraviolet, optical, low and high energy
defines the term “Smartphones”?
X-ray components of the electromagnetic
(a) Smartphone is a mobile phone with an spectrum.
advanced mobile operating system which
3. Astrosat is placed at medium earth
combines features of a personal computer
equatorial orbit at altitude of 1200 km.
operating system with other features
useful for mobile or handheld use. Which of the above statements are correct?
(b) Smartphone is a system software with an (a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3
advanced mobile operating system which (c) 2 and 3 (d) All
combines features of a personal computer
application system with other features 19. Consider the following statements about
useful for mobile or handheld use. "Augmented reality (AR)":
(c) Smartphone is a mobile phone with 1. Under this real-world environment
anapplication program which combines elements are augmented by computer-
features of a personal computer generated sensory input such as sound,
operating system with other features video, graphics.
useful for mobile or handheld use. 2. It makes the information about the
(d) Smartphone is a system software with an surrounding real world of the user
advanced mobile operating system which interactive and digitally manipulable.
combines features of a personal computer 3. It artificially create sensory experiences,
application system with other features which can include sight, touch, hearing,
useful for mobile or handheld use. and smell.
17. Which of the following are not the Which of the following given statement is/are
applications of Green Biotechnology? correct?
1. Green Biotechnology is an integral (a) Only 1 (b) Only 3
process of production and manufacturing (c) 1 and 2 (d) All
of high quality medicines & vitamins.
20. Recently, Indian scientists have developed
2. Green Biotechnology is the use of
Herbal Medicine for Dengue. Consider the
genetically altered plants or animals to
following statements related to it:
produce more environmentally-friendly
farming solutions. 1. It has been developed using alcoholic
3. Green Biotechnology is used in designing extract derived from velvet leaf, a species
of transgenic plants for enhanced growth of flowering plant.
in adverse weather conditions. 2. The drug has proved to be potent
inhibitor to all four types (strains) of
4. Green Biotechnology is a classic cross-
dengue virus.
section technology which is used in the
designing of environmentally friendly 3. The project was jointly undertaken by
industrial solution to reduce carbon Department of Biotechnology (DBT),
emission.
 under the Union Ministry of Science and 2. Eye surgery
Technology. 3. Psoriasis treatment
Which of the above statements are correct? 4. Micro machining
(a) 1 and 2 5. Mining of precious metals
(b) 1 and 3 Select the correct answer using the codes
(c) 2 and 3 given below:
(d) All Codes:
21. A 'Laser' is an electric apparatus for (a) 1 and 2
producing unified light waves that can be (b) 2, 3, 4 and 5
exactly controlled, precisely focused, and
(c) 1, 2, 3 and 4
when desired, made extremely powerful.
Which of the following are its applications? (d) All
1. Lasers are widely used in optical 24. Consider the following statements related to
metrology for extremely precise position the Bullet Train technology:
measurements for long-distance range 1. The Bullet Train has streamlined body to
finding and navigation. cause little wind resistance.
2. In clothing factories, computer-guided 2. The passenger compartments ride on top
lasers move across dozens of layers to of flatcars for minimizing vibrations.
cloth at a time, cutting material for
dozens of suits in a minute. Which of the above statements is/are correct?
3. It is used for optical data storage in Blue (a) Only 1
Ray discs. (b) Only 2
Which of the above statements are correct? (c) Both
(a) 1 and 2 (b) Only 1 (d) None
(c) Only 2 (d) All 25. Consider the following statements regarding
the 'superbug':
22. Recently, hygroscopic materials were in news
with reference to the promising research in 1. Superbug is a bacterium carrying more
Cloud seeding. Which among the following than one resistance gene.
are the hygroscopic materials? 2. Plasmids which are present in gram
1. Cellulose Fibers negative bacteria cannot encode for
resistance for any drug.
2. Ethanol
3. When the organisms become susceptible
3. Methanol
to most antimicrobials, they are often
4. Sulfuric Acid referred to as Superbugs.
5. Table Salt 4. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella-
Codes: pneumoniae are the most common
bacteria that make the New Delhi
(a) 4 and 5
Metallo-beta-lactamaseenzyme.
(b) All
Which of the above statements are correct?
(c) None
(a) 1 and 4
(d) 2, 3, 4 and 5
(b) 2 and 4
23. Excimer LASER is used in which of the
(c) 2, 3 and 4
following areas?
(d) 2 and 3
1. Microelectronic devices
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 Science & Technology Test-5 Answers
Part -2

Ans. 1. (d) Ans. 3. (d)

Exp: NAVIC will enhance both civilian and Exp: The Shaurya missile is a canister launched,
military navigation capability by providing short-range, surface-to-surface, ballistic
two kinds of services. The Standard missile capable of achieving hypersonic
Positioning Service for the civilian use has speeds. Shaurya is stored in a composite
accuracy of up to 20 meters and the Restricted canister, which makes it much easier to store
Positioning for military use will have an for long periods without maintenance as well
accuracy of 10 meters. as to handle and transport.
Three of the satellites in NAVIC system are in The Agni Missile system is a strategic missile
geostationary circular orbits, while the other system whereas the Prithvi Missile system is a
four satellites are in geosynchronous elliptical tactical missile system. The Prithvi missile is a
orbits, which are at an angle to the earth's tactical surface-to-surface short-range ballistic
axis. The seven-satellite system is supposed to missile (SRBM) developed under the
provide navigational service for the whole Integrated Guided Missile Development
subcontinent up to about 1,500 kilometers Program (IGMDP). It is deployed by Strategic
from the Indian borders covering the member Forces Command. There are three variants of
countries of the South Asian Association for Prithvi missile namely Prithvi I, II & III
Regional Cooperation. deployed by Army, Air Force & Navy
Ans. 2. (d) respectively.

Exp: The Lagrangian points are positions in an The Agni missile system consists of medium
orbital configuration of two large bodies like to intercontinental range ballistic missiles that
sun & earth where a small object affected only are nuclear weapons capable surface to
by gravity can maintain a stable position surface missile.
relative to the two large bodies. Thus at
Nirbhay is a long range, subsonic cruise
Lagrangian points the combined gravitational
missile. It is an all-weather missile capable of
pull of two large masses roughly balance each
carrying conventional and nuclear war heads.
other. Any small mass placed at this location
The missile has a range of more than 1000 km.
remains at constant distances relative to these
two large masses. Ans. 4. (c)
There are five such points, labeled L1 to L5, Exp: Project Loon is a pet project of search engine
all in the orbital plane of the two large bodies. giant Google for providing Internet access to
The first three are on the line connecting the rural and remote areas using high-altitude
two large bodies and the last two, L4 and L5, helium-filled balloons. These balloons will be
each form an equilateral triangle with the two placed at an altitude of about 18 km in the
large bodies. The two latter points are stable, stratosphere where wind speed is low and
which implies that objects can orbit around turbulence is lowest. Each balloon can
them in a rotating coordinate system tied to provide full wireless broadband internet
the two large bodies. coverage up to an area of 40 km and are
powered mainly by solar panels. These
 balloons will have a lifespan of about 180 • Magnetic nanoparticles for water treatment
days and can be recycled. and remediation
Ans. 5. (d) • TiO2 nanoparticles for the catalytic
degradation of water pollutants
Ans. 6. (c)
Applications in Air pollution and remediation
Exp: Central MMPs are:
• TiO2 nanoparticle-based photocatalytic
• Banking
degradation of air pollutants in selfcleaning
• Central Excise & Customs systems

• Income Tax (IT) • Nanocatalysts for more efficient, cheaper, and

better-controlled catalytic converters
• Insurance
• Nanosensors for detection of toxic materials
• MCA21 and leaks
• Passport • Gas separation nanodevices.
• Immigration, Visa and Foreigners Ans. 10. (d)
Registration& Tracking
Exp: Neutrinos are abundantly found in nature.
• Pension The Sun, the stars and the atmosphere
• e-Office produce millions of neutrinos every second.
Most of these neutrinos pass through our
• Posts body and we do not realize it. They can even
pass through the earth and come out on the
• UID
other side. The reason they can do this is
Ans. 7. (d) because they interact very less with anything
that come in their path. In simple words, an
Exp: Digital Convergence refers to the coming interaction is something that changes the
together of telecommunications, computing property of the particle like its speed,
and broadcasting into a single digital bit- direction etc.
stream. Digital India aims at the digital
convergence of rural and urban India by Ans. 11. (c)
developing indigenous technologies.
Exp: The second stage envisages setting up of Fast
Ans. 8. (b) Breeder Reactors backed up by processing
plants. The first stage which envisages setting
Exp: It is Asia's biggest telescope inaugurated at up of Pressurized Heavy Water reactors and
the Udaipur Solar Observatory in Rajasthan. associated fuel cycle facilities. Third stage is
Ans. 9. (d) in technology development stage which
envisages setting up of Advanced Heavy
Exp: Applications in Water treatment and remediation Water Reactors and based on Thorium -
• Nanomembranes for water purification, Uranium 233 cycle.
desalination, and detoxification Ans. 12. (d)
• Nanosensors for the detection of Exp: The ICT Development Index (IDI) is an index
contaminants and pathogens published by the United Nations
• Nanoporous zeolites, nanoporous polymers, International Telecommunication Union
and attapulgite clays for water purification based on internationally agreed information
and communication technologies (ICT)
indicators. This makes it a valuable tool for
 benchmarking the most important indicators upward passage past the fuel. It then goes
for measuring the information society. The through massive pipes to a steam generator.
IDI is a standard tool that governments,
Ans. 15. (b)
operators, development agencies, researchers
and others can use to measure the digital Exp: It is to be noted that HTML stands for -Hyper
divide and compare ICT performance within Text Markup Language, commonly referred
and across countries. The ICT Development to as HTML, HTML is the standard markup
Index is based on 11 ICT indicators, grouped language used to create web pages. Along
in three clusters: access, use and skills. with CSS, and JavaScript, HTML is a
cornerstone technology, used by most
Ans. 13. (b)
websites to create visually engaging web
Exp: 5G or 5th generation mobile networks or 5th pages, user interfaces for web applications,
generation wireless systems is a term used to and user interfaces for many mobile
denote the next major phase of mobile applications. HTML describes the structure
telecommunications standards. Li-Fi, or light of a website semantically along with cues for
fidelity, is a 5th generation visible light presentation, making it a markup language,
communication network. Li-Fi uses light- rather than a programming language.
emitting diodes to transmit data, rather than
Ans. 16. (a)
radio waves like Wi-Fi. The major difference
from a user point of view between 4G and 5G Exp: Smartphone is a mobile phone with an
techniques must be something else than advanced mobile operating system which
increased maximum throughput; for example combines features of a personal computer
higher system spectral efficiency (data operating system with other features useful
volume per area unit), lower battery for mobile or handheld use.
consumption, lower outage probability (better
coverage), high bit rates in larger portions of A mobile operating system (or mobile OS) is
the coverage area, lower latencies, higher an operating system for Smartphone, tablets,
number of supported devices, lower or other mobile devices.
infrastructure deployment costs, higher An operating system (OS) is system software
versatility and scalability or higher reliability that manages computer hardware and
of communications. software resources and provides common
Ans. 14. (c) services for computer programs. The
operating system is a component of the
Exp: Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) system software in a computer system.
are originally a Canadian design (also called
"CANDU") accounting for almost 6% of Application programs usually require an
world installed nuclear generating capacity. operating system to function.
They run on natural (unenriched) or slightly- Ans. 17. (c)
enriched uranium oxide fuel in ceramic pellet
form, clad with zirconium alloy. PHWRs use Exp: It is to be noted that Green Biotechnology is
pressure tubes in which heavy water the use of genetically altered plants or
moderates and cools the fuel. The Advanced animals to produce more environmentally-
Gas-Cooled Reactor (AGR) use CO2 gas - a friendly farming solutions as an alternative to
very weak moderator - as the primary coolant traditional agriculture, horticulture, and
not the Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors animal breeding processes. An example of the
(PHWRs). A PWR core uses normal water as Green Biotechnology is the designing of
both moderator and primary coolant - this is transgenic plants that are modified for
kept under considerable pressure (about 10 improved flavor, for increased resistance to
MPa) to prevent it from boiling, and its pests and diseases, or for enhanced growth in
temperature rises to about 330°C after its adverse weather conditions.
• Red biotechnology: Medicine potent inhibitor to all four types (strains) of
dengue virus.
• Green biotechnology: Agriculture
Ans. 21. (d)
• White biotechnology: Industry
Exp: Lasers are sources of light with very special
Ans. 18. (a) properties, as discussed in the article on laser
Exp: Astrosat is placed at low earth equatorial light. In science, lasers are used in many
orbit at altitude of 650 km. ways, including:

Ans. 19. (c) • A wide variety of interferometric techniques

Exp: Augmented reality (AR) is a live direct or • Raman spectroscopy

indirect view of a physical, real-world
• Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
environment whose elements are augmented
(or supplemented) by computer-generated • Atmospheric remote sensing
sensory input such as sound, video, graphics.
• Investigating nonlinear optics phenomena
With the help of advanced AR technology the
information about the surrounding real world • Holographic techniques employing lasers also
of the user becomes interactive and digitally contribute to a number of measurement
manipulable. Artificial information about the techniques.
environment and its objects can be overlaid • Laser based lidar (LIght raDAR) technology
on the real world. has application in geology, seismology,
By contrast, virtual reality replaces the real remote sensing and atmospheric physics.
world with a simulated one. Augmentation is • Lasers have been used aboard spacecraft such
conventionally in real-time and in semantic as in the Cassini-Huygens mission.
context with environmental elements, such as
sports scores on TV during a match. • In astronomy, lasers have been used to create
artificial laser guide stars, used as reference
Virtual reality (VR), replicates an objects for adaptive optics telescopes.
environment that simulates a physical
presence in places in the real world or an Ans. 22. (b)
imagined world, allowing the user to interact Exp: Hygroscopy is the ability of a substance to
in that world. Virtual realities artificially attract and hold water molecules from the
create sensory experiences, which can include surrounding environment. This is achieved
sight, touch, hearing, and smell. through either absorption or adsorption with
Ans. 20. (d) the absorbing or adsorbing substance
becoming physically changed somewhat. This
Exp: Dengue: It is a mosquito-borne tropical viral
could be by an increase in volume, boiling
disease. It poses a significant global public
point, viscosity or other physical
health risk. India represents 50 per cent of the
characteristic and properties of the substance,
global population estimated to be at risk of
as water molecules can become suspended
dengue. Severe dengue is potentially fatal and
between the substance's molecules in the
correlates with very high virus load that
process. Hygroscopic substances include
caused reduction in platelet counts and
cellulose fibers (such as cotton and paper),
haemorrhage. The herbal dengue medicine
sugar, caramel, honey, glycerol, ethanol,
was developed using alcoholic extract of
methanol, sulfuric acid, many fertilizer
Cissampelos pariera Linn (Cipa extract)
chemicals, many salts (including table salt),
derived from velvetleaf, a species of
and a wide variety of other substances. Zinc
flowering plant. The drug has proved to be
chloride and calcium chloride, as well as
potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide
 (and many different salts), are so hygroscopic • Unlike conventional trains (running on
that they readily dissolve in the water they traction motor, where all coaches are pulled
absorb: this property is called deliquescence. by 1 motor), this uses electrical multiple units
--traction motors are attached to wheels of
Ans. 23. (c)
many coaches
Exp: An excimer laser is a form of ultraviolet laser
Communication
which is commonly used in the production of
microelectronic devices (semiconductor • Global system for mobile communication of
integrated circuits or "chips"), eye surgery, railway-international wireless communication
psoriasis treatment, and micro machining. standard for railway communication
Ans. 24. (c) Ans. 25. (a)
Exp: Features of high speed train Exp: Bacterium is carrying more than one
resistance gene it's called superbug. That way
• High speed
bacterium could become resistant to more
• Shape -Aero dynamics -pointed nose than one antibiotic. It is known that plasmids
are present in gram negative bacteria, they
• Material -aluminum body can be transmitted among bacteria and they
• Continuous welded tracks -less maintenance, may also encode for resistance for many
less vibration drugs, this is a scientific fact and even
Government of India through the Ministry of
Environment Health strongly refuted the move of naming a
superbug after the national capita by citing
• Run on electric power-3 times efficient than
this scientific fact. This is a phenomenon
cars and 6 times than planes. (Catenary,
which occurs in nature - in the environment,
pantograph)
may be intestines of humans and animals
• Regenerative braking system -unlike universally. When the organisms become
traditional braking (converts mechanical resistant not susceptible to most
energy to heat energy), it converts mechanical antimicrobials; they are often referred to as
energy to electrical energy --can be used for Superbugs. It is their ability of resistance
other purpose which makes them almost immune to the
effects of most antibiotics. New Delhi
Safety Metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) is an
• In cab signaling -automatic application of enzyme that makes bacteria resistant to a
brakes if proper action is not taken by driver. broad range of beta-lactam antibiotics. These
include the antibiotics of the carbapenem
• Non ballasted slab track (track stability, less family, which are a mainstay for the
maintenance, high load carrying capacity) treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial
Driving technology infections.
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