Math 3-Formula Sheet

Statistics
To find the MEAN, MAXIMUM, MINIMUM, Q3, Q1, and STANDARD DEVIATION of a set of data:
1) Press STAT, ENTER (to enter your data) – Put it in L1
2) Press STAT
3)  To Calc
4) Press 1, ENTER x = mean, x = standard deviation, n = # of values in the data, Med = median
Outliers: Find IQR= Q3-Q1 then multiply by 1.5. Add to Q3 and subtract from Q1. All numbers should fall in this range. If not, then it
is an outlier.
Random Sample-lottery method (everyone has an equally likely chance to be chosen)
Convenience Sample- easy to reach (poll people in the lunchroom)
Systematic-Example: want 150 students, 1800 students names are put in the list, choose the 8 th person, then every 12th (because
1800/150=12) after that until 150 are chosen.
Stratified- Subgroups- a desired number is chosen from EACH subgroup. (Ex: Fresh, Soph, Jun, Sen-100 chosen from all)
Cluster-counties- all people in chosen counties participate, none of the people in non-chosen counties participate.
Self-Selected- person chooses to participate (online survey)
Survey-questionnaire
Experiment-used to prove cause and effect; controlled (1) how subjects are assigned to groups, and (2) which treatments each
received
Observational Study- researcher CANNOT control (1) and/or (2) (from above definition of experiment)

Transformations
Function Form Function Form Vertical Shifts Horizontal (h)
(k)
Quadratic y  a( x  h) 2  k Log. y  a log b ( x  h )  k +k Up +h Left
Absolute Value y axh k Sine y  a sin b ( x  h)  k
Exponential y  ab ( x h )  k Cosine y  a cos b( x  h)  k -k down -h right

Radical y a xh k

Exponential and Log Functions

Exponential Equation: y  ab x a= start; b= rate Inverse: Switch x and y (solve for y)
Changing to/from exponential and log forms:
Exponential Growth: y  a (1  r ) x Decay:
If y  b x , then log b y  x .
y  a (1  r ) x
Base of log= base of the power
Continuously Compounded: A  Pe rt Across from equal signs is the exponent
nt
 r
Non-continuously Compounded: A  P1  
 n
n = # of times compounded (monthly = 12, quarterly = 4)
Log Properties (also used with natural logs)
 Math 3-Formula Sheet

Polynomials
Standard form of a quadratic: Vertex form: y  a ( x  h) 2  k b
Axis of Symmetry: x  
y  ax  bx  c
2
(h, k) is vertex 2a
(you can also find the x-coordinate of
the vertex with this formula)
Quadratic Formula: Complex #’s: 1  i
2
b
Complete the square:  
 b  b 2  4ac 2
x
2a
Find Zeros: Type polynomial in calculator and use Divide Polynomial: Check for all degrees and in
2nd: Trace: 2: zero OR Table descending order

Use Zeros to divide polynomial to quadratic then factor or use

quadratic formula

Degree= highest exponent and total number of possible zeros

 Zeros can be real or imaginary. Real cross x-axis and imaginary
come in pairs ±𝑖
𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 8𝑥 + 10
 This has 3 zeros: 1 real and 2 imaginary. Have to use quadratic
formula to find imaginary.
End Behavior Maximum and Minimum Points
Even Degree Odd Degree

Factored Form:
remember to switch sign when put in ( )
 Math 3-Formula Sheet

Unit Circle and Trigonometry

30-60-90 Triangle 45-45-90 Triangle Reference Angles Convert degrees to radians:
𝜋 √3 1 
30° 𝑜𝑟 , (degrees)
6 2 2 180
𝜋 √2 √2
45° 𝑜𝑟 ,
4 2 2 Convert radians to degrees:
𝜋 1 √3 180
60° 𝑜𝑟 , (radians)
3 2 2 

Quadrant I: (+, +) Functions: Amplitude: half the difference Period: horizontal length of one
Quadrant II: (−, +) Sine: between the max and min cycle, where one cycle ends OR
Quadrant III: (, −) 𝑦 = asin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) + 𝑑 values of the function 2
Quadrant IV: (+, −) use formula: , b is the # of
b
Cosine: Phase Shift: cycles from 0 to 2π
𝑦 = acos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) + 𝑑
Vertical Shift: up +d or down -d
Sine Curve-starts at 0 Cosine Curve-starts at 1

Geometry
Parallel Lines and Transversals Properties for Parallelograms:
 Angles that are congruent: corresponding, alternate-  Opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent.
interior, alternate-exterior, vertical  Opposite angles of a parallelogram are congruent.
 Angles that are supplementary (add up to 180  The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
degrees): Same-side interior
Points of Concurrency
When 3 or more lines intersect in one point, they are concurrent. That point is the point of concurrency.
The point of concurrency of the The point of concurrency of the angle In a triangle, the point of concurrency of
perpendicular bisectors of a triangle is bisectors of a triangle is called the the medians is the centroid. (which is
called the circumcenter of the triangle. incenter of the triangle. point C below)
(Circumcenter -  bisector)
(Centroid -median)
 Math 3-Formula Sheet

(Incenter -  bisector)

Circles
Equation of a Circle with
center at (h, k):
x  h 2   y  k 2  r 2
Central Angles-vertex of angle is the
center of the circle
The degree measure of an arc is
equal to the measure of the central
angle that intercepts the arc. Arc: part of a circle’s circumference
(the crust of a slice of pizza)
Tangent: a line in the plane of a circle
that intersects the circle in exactly Sector: region bounded by an arc of
one point. Forms 90 degree angles the circle and the two radii
with radius of circle. to the arc’s endpoints. (slice of pizza)
Inscribed Angles- vertex of angle is
on the edge of the circle Will see 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑐 with right Area of a Sector: 𝜋𝑟
The degrees of an inscribed angle is triangles in circles
1/2 the measure of its intercepted
Arc Length (in degrees): 2𝜋𝑟
arc. Chord: a segment whose endpoints
𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 = 2(𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒) are on a circle
Arc length (in radians): s  r
Circumference of a Circle: (where s is arc length, r is the radius
C  d or C  2r of the circle and  is the angle) OR
=
Area of a Circle: A  r 2
Two Tangent Lines Two Secant Lines One Secant and One Tangent

Rational Functions Numerator= N Denominator=D

FACTOR N & D first! Graphing: Points of Discontinuity Graphing (continued)
 Multiplying: cancel factors  Vertical asymptotes: Set D=0 Horizontal asymptotes:
diagonally  If factors cancel  hole  deg N > deg D: No
 Dividing: KCF 𝑦=
𝑥+2
=
1  deg N < deg D: yes at 𝑦 = 0
(keep, change, flip) (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 3) 𝑥 − 3  deg equal:
 Add/Subtract: need common D VA: 𝑥 − 3 = 0 𝑠𝑜 𝑥 = 3 .
𝑦= 𝑦= 𝑠𝑜 𝑦 =
 Always simplify answer Hole: 𝑥 + 2 = 0 𝑠𝑜 𝑥 = −2 .