BELAJAR PRAKTIS

LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

KELAS XII SMA
 LITERASI DALAM PA KE T 247

BAHASA INGGRIS
1

The following passage is for questions number 1-6.

As the COVID-19 pandemic enters its third year, the Omicron variant and its subvariants
BA.5 and BA.4 have been driving an uptick in cases in the United States primarily among
people who are unvaccinated, and it is even causing infections in some vaccinated people. The
good news is that COVID-19 vaccines are still expected to be effective at preventing severe
disease, hospitalization, and death from COVID-19. There are four prominent COVID-19
vaccines in use in the U.S.
The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (brand name: Comirnaty) was granted full Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) approval in August 2021 for people ages 16 and older. Before that,
it was the first COVID-19 vaccine to receive FDA Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) back in
December 2020, after the company reported that its vaccine was highly effective at preventing
symptomatic disease. This is a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine, which uses a relatively new
technology. It must be stored in freezer-level temperatures, which can make it more difficult to
distribute than some other vaccines. It uses mRNA technology, which is a new type of vaccine.
It works by sending instructions to host cells in the body for making copies of a spike protein
(like the spikes you see sticking out of the coronavirus in pictures). But our cells recognize
that this protein doesn’t belong, and the immune system reacts by activating immune cells and
producing antibodies. This will prompt the body to recognize and attack the real SARS CoV-2
spike protein if you become exposed to the actual virus.
The FDA granted the Moderna vaccine (brand name: Spikevax) full approval for people
18 and older in January 2022, upgrading the vaccine’s EUA, which was granted in December 2020
(a week after Pfizer-BioNTech). Moderna uses the same mRNA technology as Pfizer-BioNTech
and had a similarly high efficacy at preventing symptomatic disease when the companies
applied for authorization; it also needs to be stored in freezer-level temperatures. Similar to the
Pfizer vaccine, this is an mRNA vaccine that sends the body’s cells instructions for making a
spike protein that will train the immune system to recognize it. The immune system will then
attack the spike protein the next time it sees one (attached to the actual SARS CoV-2 virus).
 BELAJAR PRAKTIS LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS | KELAS XII SMA

The Novavax vaccine (brand names: Nuvaxovid and Covovax) was the third COVID-19
vaccine to be administered in the U.S. This vaccine, which is a protein adjuvant, had a 90%
efficacy in its clinical trial, performing almost as well as the mRNA vaccines in their early trials.
It is simpler to make than some of the other vaccines and can be stored in a refrigerator, making
it easier to distribute. Unlike the mRNA vaccines, this is a protein adjuvant (an adjuvant is an
248 ingredient used to strengthen the immune response). While other vaccines trick the body’s
cells into creating parts of the virus that can trigger the immune system, the Novavax vaccine
takes a different approach. It contains the spike protein of the coronavirus itself, but formulated
as a nanoparticle, which cannot cause disease. When the vaccine is injected, this stimulates the
immune system to produce antibodies and T-cell immune responses.

1. Which of the following statements is B. The dosage and the efficacy of each
CORRECT according to the passage? vaccine
A. Both of the Pfizer vaccine and the C. The possible side effects of each
Novavax vaccine need to be stored in vaccine
freezer-level temperatures. D. How the Novavax vaccine works
B. Unlike the Pfizer vaccine, the E. Another coronavirus vaccine called
Moderna vaccine sends the body’s Johnson & Johnson’s vaccine
cells instructions for making a spike
protein. 4. In the passage, there is a statement like
C. The Moderna vaccine was the this:
first COVID-19 vaccine to receive
FDA Emergency Use Authorization “It must be stored in freezer-level
(EUA) in December 2020. temperatures, which can make it more
D. The Novavax vaccine differs from the difficult to distribute than some other
two other vaccines in terms of the vaccines.” (Paragraph 2)
technology used and the storage. If the vaccine did not need to be stored in
E. Only the Moderna vaccine had a high freezer-level temperatures, …
efficacy at preventing symptomatic A. It will be easier to distribute it.
disease. B. It would be easier to distribute it.
C. It would be more difficult to distribute
2. Based on the passage, the Moderna it.
vaccine … full approval for people 18 D. It would have been easier to distribute
and older in January 2022. it.
A. Granted E. It were easier to distribute it.
B. Was granted
C. Would be granted 5. The relation between Covid-19 vaccines
D. Had granted and severe diseases is similar to the
E. Granting phenomenon between ...
A. Obesity and regular physical activity
3. The paragraph following the passage B. a sunscreen with an SPF of 30 and
most likely concerns about … premature skin aging
A. Human body’s response to the C. virus and flu
Novavax vaccine D. aspirin and headache
E. fruits and vitamins
 PAKET SOAL LATIHAN 1

6. Which of these sentences shows the D. COVID-19 vaccines are still expected
author’s bias in the text? to be effective at preventing severe
A. The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was disease, hospitalization, and death
granted full FDA approval in August from COVID-19.
2021 for people ages 16 and older. E. The Pfizer vaccine uses mRNA
B. Moderna uses the same mRNA technology, which is a new type of 249
technology as Pfizer-BioNTech. vaccine.
C. The Novavax vaccine is a protein
adjuvant.

The following passage is for questions number 7-12.

New research from RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences has found that
babies with larger birth weights tend to have fewer mental health and behavioral issues in
childhood and adolescence. These findings could help to identify and support children at
greater risk of developing psychological problems.
The study, published in European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, examined birth
weights and subsequent mental health in thousands of children in Ireland. Unlike many studies
looking at birth weight, it used data that followed the same children repeatedly throughout their
childhood and adolescence using the Growing Up in Ireland study, an ongoing government-
funded study of children born between 1997 and 1998.
The analysis showed that each kilogram below the average birth weight (3.5kg, or 7lbs
11oz) was associated with more reported mental health problems throughout childhood and
adolescence. The study also found that these birth-weight-linked problems tend to persist
throughout childhood, from ages 9 to 17. The type of problems most strongly linked with
birth weight were inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity, behaviours generally associated
with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Each kilogram drop below the average
birth weight was linked with a 2% increase in risk of ADHD-like behaviours, however such
behaviours were within the normal range. That is, even among children with very low birth
weights (1.5kg), the average number of ADHD symptoms would probably not meet the
threshold for an ADHD diagnosis.
Lower birth weight was also linked with emotional and social problems, particularly in
the late teens. These problems were found to be more severe and closer to clinical thresholds,
for example for diagnosis of depression or anxiety.
Professor Mary Cannon, Professor of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Youth Mental
Health at RSCI and Principal Investigator on the study, said: “We have known for many years
that low birth weight and premature birth is linked with higher risk of mental illness in the
child. What this study shows is that even small deviations from the typical birth weight might
also be relevant.”

7. According to the passage, thousands of C. Involving

children in Ireland … in the research. D. Would be involved
A. Are involved E. Were involved
B. Involved
 BELAJAR PRAKTIS LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS | KELAS XII SMA

8. What is the main idea of the passage? average birth weight was linked with
A. Larger birth weight had significant a 2% decrease in risk of ADHD-like
impacts on the increase in children’s behaviors.
behavioral issues
B. Birth weight could help identify 10. According to the passage, lower birth
250 children at higher risk of weight was also … with emotional and
psychological issues. social problems.
C. Birth weight was linked with health A. Associated
problems in children. B. Unrelated
D. Birth weight could cause C. Separated
developmental disorders. D. Detached
E. Birth weight was associated with E. Unconnected
depression and anxiety in children’s
development. 11. Based on the passage, babies with
lower birth weight … more likely
9. Which of the following statements have emotional and social problems,
is NOT CORRECT according to the particularly in their late teens.
passage? A. Will
A. Babies with larger birth weights tend B. Should
to have fewer mental health and C. Ought to
behavioral issues in their childhood D. Must
and adolescence. E. Have to
B. Lower birth weight was also linked
with emotional and social problems, 12. The passage suggests that the … the birth
particularly in the late teens. weight is, the … the risk of developing
C. Low birth weight and premature psychological problems will be.
birth is linked with higher risk of A. Larger – higher
mental illness in the child. B. Larger – more
D. The birth-weight-linked problems C. Lower – greater
tend to persist throughout childhood, D. Largest – greatest
from ages 9 to 17. E. Lower – lower
E. Each-kilogram drop below the

The following passage is for questions number 13-20.

A female guppy can be sexually mature at two months of age and have her first babies
just a month later. This unstinting rate of reproduction makes guppies ideally suited for studying
the rate of evolution, and David Reznick, a biologist at UC Riverside, has been doing exactly
that for the last few decades.
People usually think of guppies as colorful aquarium fish, but they also have a life in
the real world, inhabiting streams and rivers in tropical places like Trinidad, where Reznick
has done his fieldwork. Guppies can experience different kinds of conditions depending on the
luck of the draw. A lucky guppy is born above a waterfall or a set of rapids, which keep out the
predatory fish called pike cichlids found in calmer downstream waters. As you might expect,
the guppy mortality rate—that is, the proportion of individuals that die—is much higher in the
sites with the rapacious cichlids than in those without them.
 PAKET SOAL LATIHAN 1

Reznick has shown that if you bring the fish into the lab and let them breed there, the
guppies from the sites with many predators become sexually mature when they are younger
and smaller than do the guppies from the predator-free sites. In addition, the litters of baby
guppies produced by mothers from the high-risk streams are larger, but each individual baby
is smaller than those produced by their counterparts. The disparity makes sense because if you
are at risk of being eaten, being able to have babies sooner, and spreading your energy reserves 251
over a lot of them, makes it more likely that you will manage to pass on some of your genes
before you meet your fate. Reznick and other scientists also demonstrated that these traits are
controlled by the guppies’ genes, not by the environment in which they grow up.
How quickly, though, could these differences in how the two kinds of guppies lived
their lives have evolved? Because there are numerous tributaries of the streams in Trinidad,
with guppies living in some but not all of them, Reznick realized that he could, as he put it in
a 2008 paper, “treat streams like giant test tubes by introducing guppies or predators” to places
they had not originally occurred, and then watch as natural selection acted on the guppies. This
kind of real-world manipulation of nature is called “experimental evolution,” and it is growing
increasingly popular among scientists working with organisms that reproduce quickly enough
for humans to be able to see the outcome within our lifetimes.
Along with his students and colleagues, Reznick removed groups of guppies from their
predator-ridden lives below the waterfall and released them into previously guppy-free streams
above the falls. Although small predatory killifish occurred in these new sites, these fish do
not pose anything close to the danger of the cichlids. Then the scientists waited for nature
to do its work, and they brought the descendants of the transplanted fish back to the lab to
examine their reproduction. After just eleven years, the guppies released in the new streams
had evolved to mature later, and have fewer, bigger offspring in each litter, just like the guppies
that naturally occurred in the cichlid-free streams. Other studies of guppies in Trinidad have
shown evolutionary change in as few as two and a half years, or a little over four generations,
with more time required for genetic shifts in traits such as the ability to form schools and less
time for changes in the colorful spots and stripes on a male’s body.

13. The first paragraph mainly serves to … 14. In describing the living conditions of
A. establish the reason why a certain guppies, the author indicates that a “lucky
species was selected for scientific guppy” (Paragraph 2) is one that …
observation. A. is born in a major river having an
B. illustrate the value of studying the established guppy population.
offspring of a particular animal B. inhabits an environment that
shortly after birth. provides natural protection from
C. introduce a theory at the center of an predators.
ongoing scientific debate. C. manages to navigate the risks
D. offer a rationale for the prevalence of associated with living near a waterfall.
a new field of scientific inquiry. D. avoids predatory fish by living in
E. describe the reproduction system of calmer downstream waters.
a certain animal E. live together with predatory fish
called pike cichlids
 BELAJAR PRAKTIS LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS | KELAS XII SMA

15. The best evidence for the conclusion C. Experimental evolution is shown
that the streams used by Reznick’s to be harmful to the environments
team in their real-world study were not where studies like Reznick’s are
entirely free of predators can be found in conducted.
paragraph … D. The descendants of Reznick’s
252 A. 1 transplanted fish are proven to
B. 2 mature later than the guppies living
C. 3 below the waterfall.
D. 4 E. Guppies will tend to be mature earlier
E. 5 if they live in the predator-free sites.

16. In paragraph 4, Reznick uses the phrase 19. It can most reasonably be inferred
“giant test tubes” to suggest that certain from the passage that the experiments
streams can … in Trinidad have shown which of the
A. provide suitable experimental following about guppies?
conditions A. Some genetic traits will evolve more
B. promote cooperative behaviors in readily than others.
specimens B. Some predatory fish are more
C. expedite the rate of genetic changes dangerous to guppies than cichlids
D. solve widespread environmental are.
problems C. Some guppies thrive better in areas
E. be in form of large tubes below waterfalls than they do in areas
above waterfalls.
17. As used in “… and it is growing D. Some genetic shifts are easier to
increasingly popular among scientists prevent in a natural environment
working with organisms …” (paragraph than in a lab.
4), the word “popular” most nearly E. All guppies had evolved to mature
means … earlier, and have smaller offspring in
A. Accessible each litter.
B. Suitable
C. Widespread 20. The word “them” in the last sentence of
D. Likable paragraph 2 refers to...
E. Desired A. The sites
B. Individuals
18. Which finding, if accurate, would C. Calmer downstream waters
undermine Reznick’s findings? D. Guppies
A. Guppies examined in other parts E. The rapacious cichlids
of the globe exhibit genetic shifts
in traits at a different rate from that
exhibited by the guppies Reznick
examined.
B. The new site into which Reznick
released the guppies is inhabited by
fish that are found to be as predatory
as the cichlids in the original sites.
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BAHASA INGGRIS
2

The following passage is for questions number 1-9.

In health care today, it’s not uncommon to find four generations working together. Baby
Boomers and even some pre-Boomers occupy many of the leadership positions in hospitals
and medical practices, but are rapidly reaching retirement age. Many Generation X physicians
are moving into leadership roles, but shun the “workaholic” tendencies of older doctors in
favor of the work-life balance prized by younger generations. And while Generation Y, also
known as Millennials, often get a bad rap for not being team players, they are also the largest
generation – more than 80 million strong – and the most comfortable with technology.

Baby Boomers (born between 1946-1964) are a growing population that presents a
particular challenge for health care on both sides of the doctor-patient equation. The loss of
Boomer-age providers combined with the growth in the number of elderly patients will tax an
already-stressed health care system. Baby Boomers are often stereotyped as “workaholics” and
“pay-your-dues” vocation-driven doctors by their younger colleagues, as Gen-X doctor Sher-
win Gallardo, M.D., writes on KevinMD.com. “We revered the Boomer generation for their
endless, tireless work, when medicine was still a calling, and the answer to every problem was
to work harder, no matter the sacrifice.”

Gen-X doctors (born in the mid-1960s to the early 1980s) are straddling the genera-
tional divide between their Boomer and Millennial colleagues. They don’t want to work them-
selves into the ground like their mentors may have. Increasing rates of doctor burnout may be
the wakeup call they need to adopt the healthier attitude toward work-life balance held by their
younger colleagues — whom they may once have “chided” for their perceived lack of work
ethic, admits Gallardo. Gen-Xers would prefer to trade the culture of burnout for one of self-
care and wellness, writes Gallardo. And they want to find ways to better manage the demands
of scheduling, billing, charting, and other administrative burdens so they can get back to “why
we went to medical school in the first place: our patients.”
 BELAJAR PRAKTIS LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS | KELAS XII SMA

Millennials (born in the early 1980s to the early 2000s) are the largest of any of these
generations (1). These “digital natives” were practically born with smartphones in their hands,
and relate to nearly everything in their lives through technology (2). This connectivity makes
up for the fact that Millennials want shorter office hours and greater flexibility (3). For instance,
relying too much on devices can sometimes hinder face-to-face communication (4). This gen-
254 eration may be just as productive as their older colleagues who work longer hours, because they
know how to leverage technology to increase productivity (5). When it comes to recruiting and
retaining Millennials, health care organizations often falsely assume financial compensation is
most important. In fact, this generation values an engaging, collaborative work environment,
flexibility, and variety in their jobs above salary and benefits.

1. From the passage, we know that Millen- B. Doctors, born in 1975, do not want
nials … as Generation Y. to make themselves tired or ill by
A. Were also known working too hard like their mentors.
B. Are also known C. Millennials want shorter office hours
C. Also known and greater flexibility.
D. Also knowing D. Compared to their older colleagues
E. Knew who work longer hours, Millennials
tend to work less productively.
2. According to the passage, Millennials E. Millennials value an engaging, col-
know how to … technology to increase laborative work environment, flexi-
productivity. bility, and variety in their jobs.
A. Look for
B. Take care of 5. What is the best title of the passage?
C. Take advantage of A. The Four Generations in the Work-
D. Create place
E. Depend on B. How Doctors Differ by Generation
C. The Comparison between Gen-X
3. We can conclude that health care organi- Doctors and Gen-Y Doctors
zations … assume that financial compen- D. The Influence of Millennial Doctors
sation is not the most important thing on the Work Environment
for Millennials. E. The Cooperation of the Four Genera-
A. Will tions in Hospitals and Medical Prac-
B. Would tices
C. Should
D. Can 6. Which sentence is irrelevant to the topic
E. May discussed in paragraph 4?
A. Sentence 1
4. Which of the following statements is B. Sentence 2
NOT CORRECT according to the pas- C. Sentence 3
sage? D. Sentence 4
A. Many of the leadership positions in E. Sentence 5
hospitals and medical practices are
occupied by Baby Boomers and even
some pre-Boomers.
 PAKET SOAL LATIHAN 2

7. What does the author imply in the pas- C. The leadership positions in hospi-
sage? tals and medical practices are dom-
A. The majority of Baby Boomers own inated by Baby Boomers and even
hospitals. pre-Boomers as they will occupy
B. Four generations working together these positions for a longer period of
in health care are unusual today. time. 255
C. Millennials are heavily reliant on D. Although Baby Boomers and even
technology. pre-Boomers hold important posi-
D. Gen-X doctors are eager to work in- tions, they will retire soon.
credibly hard. E. Baby Boomers and even pre-Boom-
E. Millennials are very concerned with ers dominate hospital leadership po-
salary and benefits. sitions, and as a result, they will retire
soon.
8. Which of the following is the best para-
phrase of the sentence “Baby Boomers 9. The word “they” in “… they are also the
and even some pre-Boomers occupy many largest generation …” (paragraph 1) re-
of the leadership positions in hospitals and fers to...
medical practices, but are rapidly reaching A. Team players
retirement age” in paragraph 1? B. Younger generations
A. Many of the leadership positions C. Generation Y
in hospitals and medical practices D. Older doctors
are held by Baby Boomers and even E. Many Generation-X physicians
some pre-Boomers, yet they are rap-
idly approaching retirement age.
B. Due to the fact that they seem to re-
tire soon, Baby Boomers and even
some pre-Boomers hold important
positions in hospitals.

The following passage is for questions number 10-13.

Children of women with gestational diabetes and obesity may be twice as likely to de-
velop attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared to those whose mothers did
not have obesity, according to new research published in the Endocrine Society’s Journal of
Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
The estimated number of children aged 3-17 years ever diagnosed with ADHD is 6
million, according to data from 2016-2019. A major risk factor for ADHD in children is mater-
nal obesity. Roughly 30% of women have obesity at their first doctor’s visit during pregnancy,
and this number increases to 47% in women with gestational diabetes. Excessive weight gain
during pregnancy in this population is a risk factor for children developing ADHD.
“Our study found pregnant women with obesity and gestational diabetes had children
with long-term mental health disorders such as ADHD,” said Verónica Perea, M.D., Ph.D., of
the Hospital Universitari MutuaTerrassa in Barcelona, Spain. “We did not find this association
when these women gained a healthy amount of weight during pregnancy.”
 BELAJAR PRAKTIS LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS | KELAS XII SMA

The researchers studied 1,036 children born to women with gestational diabetes. Thir-
teen percent of these children were diagnosed with ADHD. The researchers found children of
women with gestational diabetes and obesity were twice as likely to have ADHD compared to
those born to mothers without obesity.

256 The researchers only found this association in women with gestational diabetes, obesity
and excessive weight gain during pregnancy. The researchers did not observe a higher risk of
ADHD in children of women with gestational diabetes and obesity if the amount of weight
these women gained during pregnancy was within the normal range.
“It’s important for clinicians to counsel their patients on the importance of healthy
weight gain during pregnancy,” Perea said.

10. In the passage, there is a statement like 12. The relation between ADHD in children
this: and pregnant women with obesity and
“Excessive weight gain during pregnancy gestational diabetes is similar to the phe-
in this population is a risk factor for chil- nomenon between ...
dren developing ADHD.” (Paragraph 2) A. Obesity and excessive sugar intake
B. Cigarette smoking and heart disease
There would be a lower risk of ADHD in C. Lung cancer in passive smokers and
children, … the secondhand smoke
A. If the pregnant women had not D. Antiretroviral drugs and HIV
gained weight excessively. E. Air pollution in big cities and refor-
B. If the pregnant women gained too estation
much weight.
C. If the pregnant women would not 13. What is the main idea of the passage?
gain too much weight. A. Weight gain during pregnancy is the
D. If the pregnant women did not gain only major risk factor for the devel-
too much weight. opment of ADHD in children.
E. Unless the pregnant women started B. Pregnant women with obesity and
to go on a strict diet. diabetes may be more likely to have a
child with ADHD.
11. The passage suggests that the … obese C. Women who have gestational dia-
the pregnant women are, the … the risk betes are more likely to have a child
of ADHD in children will be. with ADHD.
A. More – lower D. Obesity is the only risk factor for
B. Less – more children developing ADHD.
C. Less – most E. It is important to have healthy weight
D. Most – highest gain during pregnancy.
E. More – higher

The following passage is for questions number 14-20.

In the world of birds, bill design is a prime example of evolutionary fine-tuning. Shore-
birds such as oystercatchers use their bills to pry open the tightly sealed shells of their prey,
hummingbirds have stiletto-like bills to probe the deepest nectar-bearing flowers, and kiwis
 PAKET SOAL LATIHAN 2

smell out earthworms thanks to nostrils located at the tip of their beaks. But few birds are more
intimately tied to their source of sustenance than are crossbills. Two species of these finches,
named for the way the upper and lower parts of their bills cross, rather than meet in the middle,
reside in the evergreen forests of North America and feed on the seeds held within the cones
of coniferous trees.
The efficiency of the bill is evident when a crossbill locates a cone. Using a lateral mo-
257
tion of its lower mandible, the bird separates two overlapping scales on the cone and exposes
the seed. The crossed mandibles enable the bird to exert a powerful biting force at the bill tips,
which is critical for maneuvering them between the scales and spreading the scales apart. Next,
the crossbill snakes its long tongue into the gap and draws out the seed. Using the combined
action of the bill and tongue, the bird cracks open and discards the woody seed covering action
and swallows the nutritious inner kernel. This whole process takes but a few seconds and is
repeated hundreds of times a day.
The bills of different crossbill species and subspecies vary - some are stout and deep,
others more slander and shallow. As a rule, large-billed crossbills are better at securing seeds
from large cones, while small-billed crossbills are defter at removing the seeds from small,
thin-scaled cones. Moreover, the degree to which cones are naturally slightly open or tightly
closed helps determine which bill design is the best.
One anomaly is the subspecies of red crossbill known as the Newfoundland crossbill.
This bird has a large, robust bill, yet most of Newfoundland’s conifers have small cones, the
same kind of cones that the slender-billed white-wings rely on.

14. What does the passage mainly discuss? D. Several subspecies of crossbills have
A. The importance of conifers in ever- evolved from two species.
green forests E. Large-billed crossbills have evolved
B. The efficiency of the bill of the cross- from small-billed crossbills.
bill
C. The variety of food available in a for- 16. Why does the author mention oyster-
est catchers, hummingbirds, and kiwis in
D. The different techniques birds use to paragraph 1?
obtain food A. They are examples of birds that live
E. The shapes of birds’ bill in the forest.
B. Their beaks are similar to the beak of
15. Which of the following statements best the crossbill.
represents the type of “evolutionary fine C. They illustrate the relationship be-
- turning” mentioned in paragraph 1? tween bill design and food supply.
A. Different shapes of bills have evolved D. They are closely related to the cross-
depending on the available food sup- bill.
ply. E. They are birds.
B. White - wing crossbills have evolved
from red crossbills.
C. Newfoundland’s conifers have
evolved small cones.
 BELAJAR PRAKTIS LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS | KELAS XII SMA

17. The word “gap” in “… the crossbill snakes 19. The author illustrates the abnormality in
its long tongue into the gap and draws out crossbill species most effectively in para-
…” (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning graph...
to … A. 1
A. flower B. 2
258 B. mouth C. 3
C. lack D. 4
D. difference E. 3 and 4
E. opening
20. The paragraph following the passage
18. In what way is the Newfoundland cross- most likely deals with …
bill an anomaly? A. other species of forest birds
A. It is larger than the other crossbill B. the fragile ecosystem of Newfound-
species. land
B. It uses a different technique to obtain C. what mammals live in the forests of
food. North America
C. The size of its bill does not fit the size D. the description of Newfoundland’s
of its food source. conifers
D. It does not live in evergreen forests. E. how the Newfoundland crossbill sur-
E. Its bill has different functions. vives with a large bill
 LITERASI DALAM PA KE T 259

BAHASA INGGRIS
3

Text 1
Jonathan and other giant tortoises aren’t the only turtles that live a long time, said Jordan
Donini, a professor of biology and a turtle ecologist at Florida SouthWestern State College.
Sea turtles can live 50 to 100 years, and box turtles can live more than a century, he told Live
Science. In fact, scientists don’t know the upper limit on many turtle species’ life spans, simply
because individual humans don’t live long enough themselves to find out.
So why do turtles live so long? There’s an evolutionary answer and a biological answer,
said Lori Neuman-Lee, an assistant professor of physiology at Arkansas State University who
studies turtles and other reptiles.
The evolutionary answer is relatively straightforward: Animals such as snakes and
raccoons love to eat turtle eggs. To pass on their genes, turtles have to live a long time and breed
frequently, sometimes multiple times per year - and lay a lot of eggs. “It is kind of amazing that
turtles do not invade the world, given how many offspring they have,” Neuman-Lee told Live
Science. The biological mechanism behind turtles’ longevity is more complicated.
One clue to turtles’ longevity lies in their telomeres, composed of noncoding strands of
DNA that cap the ends of chromosomes, Neuman-Lee said. These structures help protect the
chromosomes as cells divide. Over time, telomeres get shorter or degrade, which means they
can no longer protect their chromosomes as well, leading to issues with DNA replication. And
errors in DNA replication can lead to issues such as tumors and cell death.
But turtles exhibit a lower rate of telomere shortening compared with shorter-lived
animals, Neuman-Lee said. According to a paper, giant tortoises and a few other turtle species
seem to be able to protect themselves from the long-term effects of cell damage. They do this by
quickly killing off damaged cells, using a process called apoptosis, or programmed cell death,
Neuman-Lee said.
In fact, the cells in all but one of the species did not respond to a treatment that was
supposed to disrupt an enzyme called ligase, which is essential to the process of DNA replication.
 BELAJAR PRAKTIS LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS | KELAS XII SMA

In other words, the turtles’ ligase continued to function properly. Whether this means these
turtles are completely resistant to DNA-replication issues is yet to be determined, Neuman-Lee
said. But it’s one possible answer for why turtles are so long-lived.
Adapted from: https://www.livescience.com/
260
1. The paragraph preceding of the passage C. Paragraph 2 questioning the reason
most likely discusses…. for the long life of a turtle and
A. An example of turtle that has a long paragraph 3 explaining about one of
life the answers.
B. A long-lived history of turtle D. paragraph 2 tells about the reason why
C. A reason about why turtle lives long turtle has a long life and paragraph 3
D. Some of the problems that are caused gives two reasons behind it
by turtle E. paragraph 2 asking about the
E. The benefits of turtles to extend definition of the longevity of a
human life turtle and paragraph 3 elaborating
paragraph 2
2. In which course would this passage most
probably an assigned reading? 5. Based on the third paragraph, “it is kind
A. state finances of amazing that the world .... by turtle.”
B. world ecosystem A. Was not overrun
C. local farm security B. Overrun
D. biological society C. Can be overrun
E. natural life D. Had been overrun
E. Is not overrun
3. According to the passage, which of the
following is TRUE,… 6. The word “these” in paragraph 4 refers
A. There is only one oldest turtle in the to…
world A. chromosome
B. Turtles breed frequently and lay few B. DNA
eggs C. telomeres
C. Turtles cannot protect their D. biological mechanism
chromosomes longer E. longevity
D. Sea turtles can live half to a century
E. Box turtles’ ligase continued to 7. At the beginning of the fifth paragraph,
function properly what is the meaning of the words spoken
by Neuman-Lee?
4. What is the relationship between idea in A. Turtles have DNA that is more
paragraph 2 and paragraph 3? complicated than other animals so
A. Paragraph 2 questioning about why they can adapt to the environment
turtles live so long and paragraph 3 B. Turtles are more resistant to certain
gives the complete answer about it kinds of damage that can arise from
B. Paragraph 2 illustrating about the DNA-replication errors.
reason of the longevity of the turtle C. Turtles are not susceptible to many
and paragraph 3 tells about its types of damage that can result from
supporting ideas DNA errors
 PAKET SOAL LATIHAN 3

D. Errors in DNA replication can lead to 8. The best statement highlights the text is...
issues such as tumors and cell death A. One distinguish feature about turtle
in turtles’ chromosome in general
E. Telomeres in turtles get shorter or B. Turtle can live a long time
degrade, which means they can no C. A study of turtle’s life
longer protect their chromosomes as D. The breeding of turtle 261
well E. The reason behind the long age of the
tortoise

Text 2
When salt-rich water leaks out of sea ice, it sinks into the sea and can occasionally create
an eerie finger of ice called a brinicle. New research explains how these strange fingers of ice
form and how the salty water within sea ice could have been a prime environment in which life
may have evolved.
The study, published in the American Chemical Society’s journal Langmuir, suggests that
brinicles form in the same way as hydrothermal vents, except in reverse. Hydrothermal vents
are spiny-looking towers on the ocean bottom where boiling, chemical-rich water flows out of
the seafloor.
The brinicle-forming process goes like this: When sea ice freezes in the Arctic and Antarctic,
the salt and other ions in the water is excluded from the water crystals, said study author Bruno
Escribano, a researcher at the Basque Center for Applied Mathematics in the Basque Country
in northern Spain. This salt-heavy brine accumulates in fractures and compartments within
the sea ice.
Inevitably, however, sea ice cracks, and the brine leaks out. The brine itself is colder than
the freezing point of seawater, since salt-rich water freezes at lower temperatures (hence the
reason people put salt on icy sidewalks in the winter, enabling the ice to remain a liquid when
it’s below freezing), Escribano told OurAmazingPlanet.
Since the concentration of water in the brine is lower than that in the ocean — and water
moves from high to low concentrations, via osmosis — water is attracted to the brine. But the
brine is so cold that the water freezes, forming a descending tube of ice, Escribano said.
https://www.livescience.com/

9. Based on the text, When salt-rich water A. a suggestion emerges based on a

.... of sea ice, it sinks into the sea and can study that brinicle and hydrothermal
occasionally create an eerie finger of ice vents have a similar pattern about the
called a brinicle. form of them in the ocean
A. flow out” B. there is a study which reveals
B. radiate out that it turns out that brinicle and
C. melt hydrothermal vents show no different
D. spill out chemical form
E. pop out C. there is an invention that brinicles
and hydrothermal vents have the
10. Which of the following best restates the same pattern in the process of
underlined sentence in paragraph 2? formation in the ocean
 BELAJAR PRAKTIS LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS | KELAS XII SMA

D. a cause and effect study emerged and 12. In the last sentence of the fifth paragraph,
discussed the relationship between Escribano …
brinicles and hydrothermal vents A. explains again about water moves
E. the occurrence of an experiment from high to low concentrations
concerning the emergence of brinicle B. conclude the reason of forming a
262 which is connected with the process descending tube of ice
of forming hydrothermal vents C. confirms the low concentrations in
formation of brinicle
11. The author states the third paragraph D. restates the fault of brinicle formation
by… E. Gives an example of brinicle
A. the reason why brinicle is formed formation
B. the forming process and benefits of
brinicle 13. The phrase “an eerie finger of ice” in
C. the advantages for mankind about paragraph 1 can be replaced by…
brinicle A. a strange ice vortex
D. the sophistication of the tool in B. a circle forms of water
detecting brinicle C. a simple bottlene ck
E. how brinicle is formed D. a pointed finger
E. a body part

Children with vulnerable immune systems, such as the very young, HIV-infected or
severely malnourished, are most at risk for falling ill or dying from tuberculosis. Children with
tuberculosis are often poor and living in vulnerable communities that lack access to health
care. Adolescents are at particular risk of developing adult type disease, i.e., often sputum
smear-positive and highly infectious.
Tuberculosis is now the leading cause of death from infectious diseases globally, with
an estimated 10.0 million new cases in 2017, 1 million of which were in children under age
15. Only 7.1 per cent of the estimated child tuberculosis cases were notified to tuberculosis
programs, pointing to massive under- diagnosis. In 2017, some 194,000 children died of the
disease. Children represent about 10 per cent of all tuberculosis cases.(1) More than 67 million
healthy children have latent tuberculosis infection and are at risk of developing the disease in
the future,(3) and less than 300,000 eligible children under age 5 initiated preventive therapy
in 2017.(1) Researchers estimate that more than 25,000 children develop multi-drug-resistant
tuberculosis every year (3).
Due to their large population size, South Asia and East Asia and the Pacific accounted
for the majority of new child tuberculosis cases in 2017 (62 per cent), while African regions
accounted for about 25 per cent (1).
Tuberculosis incidence among children

Tuberculosis - estimated number of cases among children under age 15

https://data.unicef.org/topic/
 PAKET SOAL LATIHAN 3

263

14. In building the ideas of the passage, the B. The main cause of TB disease in
author begins the passage by… children
A. explaining the exact characteristics C. The most TB children cases in the
of TB sufferers that can exacerbate world
the effects of TB D. The examples of TB cases in children
B. Exposing the some types of children E. In 2017, around 194,000 children
who can contact directly with TB died from TB disease
suferer in their environment
C. Mentioning some characteristics of 16. Based on the info graphic, we learn
children who can experience death if that…
they are attacked by TB A. the number of children with the
D. Deciding and giving an illustration highest incidence of TB is in the
of the reasons why the most TB Middle East and North Africa
sufferers are children countries
E. explanation of factors that trigger the B. The highest number of deaths due
severity of TB in a person’s body that to TB incidents is in South Asian
can cause death countries
C. The total incidence of TB in Asia is
15. Which of the following is the main idea 956,000 in 2005
of the second paragraph? D. the region with the highest incidence
A. The current status and trend of TB in of TB is in South Asia
children E. the area with the highest incidence of
TB affecting children is South Asia
 BELAJAR PRAKTIS LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS | KELAS XII SMA

17. according to the info graphic, we can 19. What is the author’s tone in writing the
assume that Tuberculosis incidence passage?
among children is very …….. and the A. Negative
largest number of cases are concentrated B. Skeptical
in Asia. C. Convinced
264 A. Tangible D. Indifferent
B. Prevalent E. Tolerant
C. Susceptible
D. Unpredictable 20. For whom the text is intended…
E. Directed A. world practitioners in the medical
field
18. In the text, there is a statement like this : B. chemist conducting research
“Due to their large population size, C. young expatriates in the business
South Asia and East Asia and the Pacific field
accounted for the majority of new child D. uninformed general public
tuberculosis cases in 2017 (62 per cent), E. medical student researching TB
while African regions accounted for
about 25 per cent (1).”
What is the best restatement of the
sentence?
A. Most adults suffer from tuberculosis
in the South Asia and East Asia and
Pacific regions because of the high
population in these countries
B. The case of tuberculosis in children,
only affects South Asian, East Asian
and Pacific and African countries in
2017, because these countries have
high populations
C. tuberculosis rarely attacks South
Asia and East Asia and the Pacific,
so the children population in these
countries is very large
D. Because the child population in South
Asia and East Asia and the Pacific is
very large, the cases of tuberculosis
often affect these areas.
E. South Asia and East Asia and the
Pacific have the most cases of
childhood tuberculosis due to the
high population in these regions
 LITERASI DALAM PA KE T 265

BAHASA INGGRIS
4

TEXT 1
Anemia is a serious global health problem that affects individuals of all ages but particularly
women of reproductive age. Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most common causes of anemia
seen in women, with menstruation being one of the leading causes. Excessive, prolonged, and
irregular uterine bleeding, also known as menometrorrhagia, can lead to severe anemia.
A 42-year-old Hispanic woman with no known past medical history presented with a chief
complaint of increasing fatigue and dizziness for 2 weeks. Initial vitals revealed temperature of
36.1 °C, blood pressure 107/47 mmHg, heart rate 87 beats/minute, respiratory rate 17 breaths/
minute, and oxygen saturation 100% on room air. She was fully alert and oriented without
any neurological deficits. Physical examination was otherwise notable for findings typical of
anemia, including: marked pallor with pale mucous membranes and conjunctiva, a systolic
flow murmur, and koilonychia of her fingernails. Her initial laboratory results showed a
critically low hemoglobin of 1.4 g/dL and severe iron deficiency. After further diagnostic
workup, her profound anemia was likely attributed to a long history of menometrorrhagia, and
her remarkably stable presentation was due to impressive, years-long compensation. Over the
course of her hospital stay, she received blood transfusions and intravenous iron repletion. Her
symptoms of fatigue and dizziness resolved by the end of her hospital course, and she returned
to her baseline ambulatory and activity level upon discharge.
Critically low hemoglobin levels are typically associated with significant symptoms,
physical examination findings, and hemodynamic instability. To our knowledge, this is the
lowest recorded hemoglobin in a hemodynamically stable patient not requiring cardiac or
supplemental oxygen support
Adapted from: https://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13256-021-
03024-9
 BELAJAR PRAKTIS LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS | KELAS XII SMA

1. What is the main idea of the passage? The word “symptom” means…
Anemia is a serious global health issue A. Indication
A. The overview about anemia and B. Scarcity
some of the cases C. Gap
B. The definition about anemia and Iron D. Change
266 deficiency E. debate
C. The definition and a case example of
anemia 4. What is the author’s motivation in
D. Public’s views on anemia writing the passage?
A. Readers’ lack of knowledge about
2. Which of the following is not the sign how anemia occurs
that a person has anemia? B. A limited number of reader who
A. face pale and looks tired know that anemia can cause death
B. very low hemoglobin C. Limited info about explanation and
C. severe iron deficiency examples of cases of anemia
D. has brittle nails D. Minimum information about the
E. has menometrorrhagia reason that iron deficiency can cause
anemia
3. Based on the last paragraph, low E. Many readers’ misunderstanding
hemoglobin levels are typically associated that anemia causes iron deficiency
with significant symptoms physical
examination findings, and hemodynamic
instability.

TEXT 2
One in 10 adults in the United States struggles with depression, and antidepressant
medications are a common way to treat the condition. However, pills aren’t the only solution.
Research shows that exercise is also an effective treatment. “For some people it works as well as
antidepressants, although exercise alone isn’t enough for someone with severe depression,” says
Dr. Michael Craig Miller, assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School.
Exercising starts a biological cascade of events that results in many health benefits,
such as protecting against heart disease and diabetes, improving sleep, and lowering blood
pressure. High-intensity exercise releases the body’s feel-good chemicals called endorphins,
resulting in the “runner’s high” that joggers report. But for most of us, the real value is in low-
intensity exercise sustained over time. That kind of activity spurs the release of proteins called
neurotrophic or growth factors, which cause nerve cells to grow and make new connections.
The improvement in brain function makes you feel better. “In people who are depressed,
neuroscientists have noticed that the hippocampus in the brain—the region that helps regulate
mood—is smaller. Exercise supports nerve cell growth in the hippocampus, improving nerve
cell connections, which helps relieve depression,” explains Dr. Miller.
Depression manifests physically by causing disturbed sleep, reduced energy, appetite
changes, body aches, and increased pain perception, all of which can result in less motivation
to exercise. It’s a hard cycle to break, but Dr. Miller says getting up and moving just a little bit
 PAKET SOAL LATIHAN 4

will help. “Start with five minutes a day of walking or any activity you enjoy. Soon, five minutes
of activity will become 10, and 10 will become 15.”
It’s unclear how long you need to exercise, or how intensely, before nerve cell improvement
begins alleviating depression symptoms. You should begin to feel better a few weeks after you
begin exercising. But this is a long-term treatment, not a onetime fix. “Pick something you can 267
sustain over time,” advises Dr. Miller. “The key is to make it something you like and something
that you’ll want to keep doing.”
Adapted from: https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/exercise-is-an-all-natural-
treatment-to-fight-depression

5. The obstacles in starting to do exercise E. shows that there is a country that has
are emphasized in paragraph? depression sufferers and researchers
A. 1 have studied about it
B. 2
C. 3 7. The author would apparently agree that
D. 4 “high-intensity exercise” and “runner’s
E. None high” discussed in the passage is similar
to…
6. The author’s motivation in writing A. Eating continuously and feeling of
the sentence “One in 10 adults in the satiety
United States struggles with depression, B. often practicing speaking and the
and antidepressant medications are a courage to appear in public
common way to treat the condition” in C. singing at a concert and thunderous
paragraph 1 is to…. applause
A. to explain that one in ten D. doing a competition and trophy
Americans battling depression takes E. creating a song and satisfaction
antidepressants as their general
solution 8. According to the text, Exercise supports
B. provides an example of a situation nerve cell growth in the hippocampus,
regarding cases of depression improving nerve cell connections, which
sufferers in a country and the ..... relieve depression.
way they deal with the depression A. Could contributed
problem B. Can contributed
C. discuss a case study of differences C. Can contribute
of opinion between people with D. Must contribute
depression who use depression E. Would be contributed
medication as a solution and those
who struggle with depression itself
D. provides an example of the most
appropriate solution for depression
fighters in solving the depression
problems they face, by using anti-
depressants
 BELAJAR PRAKTIS LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS | KELAS XII SMA

TEXT 3
Let’s say you have a nice fire going, and it has burned down to the point where what you
see is a collection of hot “glowing embers.” The fire is still producing a lot of heat, but it is
producing no smoke at all. You might have gotten to this point either by starting with logs in a
268 fireplace or by starting with charcoal. If you now toss a piece of wood, or even a sheet of paper,
onto this fire, what you will notice is that the new fuel produces a lot of smoke as it heats up.
Then, all of a sudden (often with a small pop), it bursts into flame and the smoke disappears.
(1)If you have a fireplace or wood stove, or if you have been around a lot of campfires, this
little scene is very familiar to you. (2)The smoke that appears later can be seen clearly when the
fire is totally dead. (3)It tells you a lot about smoke -- let’s look at what is happening.
(4)There are four things that you find in any piece of wood:
• (5)Water - Freshly cut wood contains a lot of water (sometimes more than half of its
weight is water). Seasoned wood (wood that has been allowed to sit for a year or two)
or kiln-dried wood contains a lot less water, but it still contains some.
• (6)Volatile organic compounds - When the tree was alive, it contained sap and a
wide variety of volatile hydrocarbons in its cells. If you have read How Food Works,
you know that cellulose (a chief component of wood) is a carbohydrate, meaning
it is made of glucose. A compound is “volatile” if it evaporates when heated. These
compounds are all combustible (gasoline and alcohol are, after all, hydrocarbons --
the volatile hydrocarbons in wood burn the same way).
• (7)Carbon
• (8)Ash - Ash is the non-burnable minerals in the tree’s cells, like calcium, potassium
and magnesium.
(1)When you put the fresh piece of wood or paper on a hot fire, the smoke you see is those
volatile hydrocarbons evaporating from the wood. (2)They start vaporizing at a temperature
of about 300 degrees F (149 degrees Celsius). (3)If the temperature gets high enough, these
compounds burst into flame. (4)Once they start burning, there is no smoke because the
hydrocarbons are turned into carbon dioxide and water (both invisible) when they burn.
This explains why you see no smoke from a charcoal fire (or a fire that has burned down to
embers). Charcoal is created by heating wood to high temperatures in the absence of oxygen.
That is, you take wood and put it in a sealed box of steel or clay and you heat it to about 1,000
degrees F (538 C). This process drives off all of the volatile organic compounds and leaves
behind the carbon and the minerals (ash). When you light the charcoal, what is burning is
the pure carbon. .....
https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/question43.htm

9. Which of the following sentences is Not relevant to the topic discussed in paragraph 2?
A. Sentence 1
B. Sentence 2
C. Sentence 3
D. Sentence 4
E. Sentence 5
 PAKET SOAL LATIHAN 4

10. In paragraph 3, there is a statement like C. some hydrocarbons

this: D. glucose
“When you put the fresh piece of wood E. gasoline and alcohol
or paper on a hot fire, the smoke you
see is those volatile hydrocarbons 13. How is charcoal made?
evaporating from the wood.” A. Charcoal is made by heating wood to 269
high temperatures without oxygen
If we did not put the fresh piece of wood B. Charcoal is made by burning the best
or paper on a hot fire .... wood with certain types of wood for
A. We will not see a smoke volatile a long time
hydrocarbons evaporating C. Charcoal is made by letting the
B. We cannot see a smoke volatile compounds contained in wood
hydrocarbons evaporating disappear by drying it
C. We wouldn’t see any smoke appear D. Charcoal is made by evaporating the
from the wood compounds contained therein
D. We wouldn’t have seen any smoke E. Charcoal is made from certain types
appear from the wood of wood that undergo a smoking
E. We must see any smoke appear from process
the wood
14. What is the suitable sentence that best
11. What is the relationship between the complete the last paragraph?
third sentence and the forth sentence in A. The smoke produced by this
paragraph 3? process is actually very valuable -- it
A. sentence 3 describes the burning contains coal tar, coal gas, alcohol,
process, sentence 4 contradicts the formaldehyde and ammonia, among
statement other things.
B. sentence 4 supports the pros and B. Coke is coal that has been heated
cons of sentence 3 in the absence of oxygen to expel
C. sentence 3 expresses the argument organic matter
and is supported in sentence 4 C. Methanol (a form of alcohol) referred
D. Sentence 4 explains further about the to as “wood alcohol” is produced by
statement in sentence 3 distilling wood smoke.
E. sentence 3 give example and sentence D. It combines with oxygen to produce
4 support it carbon dioxide, and what is left at
the end of the fire is the ash - the
12. What compounds are not volatile based minerals.
on the text? E. Then, there is coke from coal is the
A. carbon dioxide same thing.
B. sap

TEXT 4
Virtual reality is a simulated 3D environment that enables users to explore and interact
with a virtual surrounding in a way that approximates reality, as it is perceived through the
users’ senses. The environment is created with computer hardware and software, although users
might also need to wear devices such as helmets or goggles to interact with the environment.
 BELAJAR PRAKTIS LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS | KELAS XII SMA

VR is created in such a way that it is similar to the real world so that users can feel the experience
as if it were real, -- and block out their physical surroundings -- so they think it is like a real,
even if it is fantastical in nature.
VR systems can vary significantly from one to the next, depending on their purpose and
270 the technology used, although they generally fall into one of the following three categories:
Non-immersive. This type of VR typically refers to a 3D simulated environment that’s
accessed through a computer screen. The environment might also generate sound, depending
on the program. The user has some control over the virtual environment using a keyboard,
mouse or other device, but the environment does not directly interact with the user. A video
game is a good example of non-immersive VR, as is a website that enables a user to design a
room’s decor.
Semi-immersive. This type of VR offers a partial virtual experience that’s accessed through
a computer screen or some type of glasses or headset. It focuses primarily on the visual 3D
aspect of virtual reality and does not incorporate physical movement in the way that full
immersion does. A common example of semi-immersive VR is the flight simulator, which is
used by airlines and army to train their pilots.
Fully immersive. This type of VR delivers the greatest level of virtual reality, completely
immersing the user in the simulated 3D world. It incorporates sight, sound and, in some cases,
touch. There have even been some experiments with the addition of smell. Users wear special
equipment such as helmets, goggles or gloves and are able to fully interact with the environment.
The environment might also incorporate such equipment as treadmills or stationary bicycles
to provide users with the experience of moving through the 3D space. Fully immersive VR
technology is a field still in its infancy, but it has made important inroads into the gaming
industry and to some extent the healthcare industry, and it’s generating a great deal of interest
in others.
Adapted from: https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/virtual-reality

15. What is the topic discussed in the B. ..…VR industry has come a long
passage? way, ...advanced technologies will be
A. The definition of Virtual Reality unveiled in environment
B. The advantage and disadvantage of C. …. realistic the images shown in the
Virtual Reality VR screen, .... people will buy VR
C. The use of Virtual Reality in life products enthusiastically
D. The explanation and types of Virtual D. ….. often the marketing, …. the high
Reality sales figures
E. The weaknesses of Virtual Reality E. …... we use VR, ….. we get dizzy

16. From the passage, the more….., the

more… 17. What is one of the functions of VR in the
A. …...deeply users can immerse military world?
themselves in a VR environment, … A. to strengthen the army’s defense in
they are able to accept it as real information technology and flight
 PAKET SOAL LATIHAN 4

B. to deepen the knowledge of soldiers 20. What can readers predict about the
in fighting against the enemy existence of VR nowadays?
C. to carry out a simulation in training A. Virtual Reality can be used as a very
soldiers to drive an airplane profitable medium in war simulations
D. to train soldiers in fighting the between industrialized countries as it
invading enemies using simulator is today 271
E. to help soldiers defect to the unitary B. many people agree to use Virtual
state using airplane simulator Reality in the business world to
increase their income turnover
18. Why is Fully immersive called the C. Virtual Reality can be an adequate
greatest type of VR? and very useful learning medium in
A. because this type of VR focuses supporting learning in the medical
primarily on the visual 3D aspects of world
virtual reality and does not include D. the government will compete to
physical movement create a more perfect Virtual Reality
B. because this type of VR can provide to bring down other countries
the best experience in games and E. Virtual Reality will become a
graphic design for its users globally country’s valuable asset and will
so that the users can feel a real become a source of problems in the
experience future
C. because this type of VR can be
commercialized as much as possible
and it is the most in demand in the
market
D. because it combines sight, sound
and touch in its use so that it makes
its users get an experience that is as
similar as possible to the real world
E. because this VR can be used as a
reference for making more perfect
VR in the future by carrying out
significant developments and more
sophisticated tools

19. The author’s attitude regarding the

existence of Virtual Reality is…
A. Loathsome
B. Apologetic
C. Neutral
D. Critical
E. Positive
 LITERASI DALAM PA KE T 273

BAHASA INGGRIS
5

Reading Text
From small committees to national elections, group decision-making can be complicated.
Unfortunately, it may not always settle on the best choice. That’s partly because some members
of the group do research on their own, and others take their cues from the people around them.
That distinction is readily observed around election time. “Many voters couldn’t tell you
the policy platforms for the candidates they’re voting for,” says applied mathematician Vicky
Chuqiao Yang at the Santa Fe Institute. “Many individuals are uninformed, and they’re most
likely to rely on information they get from others.”
Social scientists have long sought ways to study the phenomenon of group decision-
making, but that’s a tricky undertaking. Researchers in a range of disciplines have tried to
tackle the problem, with parallel efforts often leading to conflicting conclusions. Most existing
models examine the effect of a single variable, which means they don’t capture the whole
picture.
“The outcome of collective decision making is the result of complex interactions of many
variables,” says Yang, “and those interactions are rarely taken into account” in previous work.
To overcome that challenge, Yang recently led the development of a mathematical framework
that captures the influence of multiple interactions among members of a group. “You can plug
in multiple effects and see their behavior and how they manifest in the group at the same time,”
she explains.
Those effects include the influence of social learners. The model predicted, for example,
that decision-making groups have a critical threshold of people who get their information from
others. Below that threshold, the group chooses the high-quality outcome. Above it, the group
can end up choosing the better or worse option.
The mathematical model is both simple and general. It can accurately reflect the
multitude of moving parts within a system. The model also predicted a significant role for
“committed minorities,” or people who refuse to change their minds, no matter the evidence.
These committed minorities can be bolstered. Yang says, by social learners, though every group
 BELAJAR PRAKTIS LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS | KELAS XII SMA

is different. Yang says she hopes the model will help bring together parallel work from different
disciplines. ... , “but we don’t yet have a holistic understanding that gives a recipe for good
collective decision making,” she said. “Our work brings us one step closer to it.”

Adapted from https : https//www.sciencedaily.com/

274
1. The passage implies that although it is A. bullying and various factors
a collective endeavor, a group ... make B. nation wealth and natural resources
poor decisions. C. crop yield and seasons
A. can D. academic excellence and time
B. will management
C. must E. crime and law enforcement
D. has to
E. ought to 6. The author mentions the fact that
numerous variables influence the result
2. According to Vicky Chuqiao Yang, when of group decision - making in paragraph
it comes to getting information many ....
people ... others. A. 1
A. stand up to B. 2
B. depend on C. 3
C. fall behind D. 4
D. drive away E. 5
E. look forward to
7. Based on the passage, ...
3. The phenomenon of group decision - A. the more members a group has, the
making has ... by researchers for a long worse its decision will be
time. B. the fewer members a group has, the
A. to be investigating better its decision will be
B. been investigated C. the older the group members are, the
C. to be investigated better their collective decisions will
D. to investigate be
E. investigated D. the younger the group members are,
the worse their collective decisions
4. The word “tackle” in paragraph 3 is will be
closest in meaning to E. the closer the number of group
A. summarize members is to the threshold, the
B. discuss better their decision will be
C. understand
D. solve 8. The option that best completes the
E. exemplify missing part of the sentence in the last
paragraph is ....
5. Vicky Chuqiao Yang’s argument that A. These disciplines have found separate
collective decision - making is influenced effects at work in collective decision -
by multiple variables is similar to the making
relationship between ....
 PAKET SOAL LATIHAN 5

B. Minorities are called “committed” 10. What is the author’s message of the
when they cannot easily change their passage?
opinion A. It is impossible to understand
C. The accuracy of this model is reflected interactions in group decision -
in how many minority groups are making.
committed to certain agenda B. Mathematical models accurately 275
D. This parallel work is not predict collective decision - making.
underestimated in the model, and C. A fuller picture of group decision -
this makes it robust making has not yet been available.
E. An example of the parallel work is a set D. Interest in collective decision -
of demographic and socioeconomic making is fairly new.
information E. Decisions should always be made in
groups .
9. The paragraph following the passage
most likely discusses ....
A. how decision making is applied at
individual level
B. how to reach an agreement on group
decision - making
C. what other disciplines have found
about group decision - making
D. why collective decision - making is
better than the individual one
E. how to achieve consensus in a group
decision making process

Kaushik Pictoral warning is one of the way to promote awareness of ill-

Posted: 04 July 2022 effects of tobacco. The majority of the smokers, even the illiterate
(05.30 PM) ones, know that smoking is injurious to health. So, the warnings
given as texts or pictoral warnings could hardly pull them out
of addiction. Still, we cannot stay numb to the deteriorating
conditions of health due to the tobacco use across the country,
and one such step of pictoral warning is much appreciated.
Tej There is no problem in increasing pictorial warnings on cigarette
Posted: 05 June 2022 packs. Even if one person changes, it is good for his family, his
(06.30 AM) village and all these small changes leads to a big change. As the
government can’t ban cigarettes as it is the revenue maker, they
can increase the pictorial warnings on cigarette packs like so
many other countries. Technically, Pictorial warnings draw
more attention than written warnings.
Himansu The space for pictorial warnings on cigarette packs should be
Posted: 29 June 2022 increased. For illiterate people who consume cigarette, this
(08.34 PM) picture put an effect. However, according to the statistics, those
who are familiar with cigarette already know the impact of the
cigarette. Therefore, it doesn’t affect much on them no matter
the size of the picture is.
 BELAJAR PRAKTIS LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS | KELAS XII SMA

Dr. Iftikhar Pictorial warnings are more effective. In Pakistan on the

Posted: 04 October 2022 very next day they printed pictorial warning on a pack and
(05.10 AM) shopkeepers were complaining about sudden drop in sale of
that brand.
Dala There is a need to extend the pictorial warnings on cigarette
276 Posted: 04 August 2022 packs, also there are many other ways to demotivate the people
(11.00 PM) who are chronic smokers. Along with the photo graphical
warnings on packs the re-habitation methods also can be
written or contact information of the doctors or pharmacy’s
can be printed out on other end.
Verma Pictorial warning must be raised to 80%. Pictorial warning
Posted: 08 March 2022 will wean off people using tobacco in long run as pointed by
(09.30 PM) psychologists.
Adapted from: https://www.careerride.com.

11. Who suggested adding extra information C. Exacerbate

on the cigarette packs in order to wean D. Surpass
off people using tobacco? E. Excel
A. Himansu
B. verma 13. What is the tone of the thread regarding
C. Tej the pictorial warnings on cigarette packs?
D. Dala A. Assertive
E. Kaushik B. Regretful
C. Resentful
12. The word “deteriorating” in Kaushik’s D. Persuasive
post is closest in meaning to …. E. Judgmental
A. Enhance
B. Improve

Reading Text
A doctor in pediatric respiratory medicine reported that with the rising popularity of
vaping, the hospitals are treating many life - threatening cases. The doctor is concerned that
e - cigarettes are advertised in the UK, given the severe reaction they can cause in children and
a lack of scientific studies on their safety.
E - Cigarettes are promoted in the UK as a way to quit smoking because they let people
inhale nicotine in vapor rather than breathing in smoke. The Director of Public Health England
said vaping is 95 % safer than smoking but is not without risks. She asserted that smoking kills
half of lifelong smokers and accounts for almost 220 deaths in England every day. While it
is not completely risk free, UK regulated e - cigarettes carry a fraction of the risk of smoked
tobacco.
This is supported by Dr. Hopkinson, the Medical Director of the British Lung
Foundation. He stated that if people switch completely from smoking to vaping, they will
substantially reduce their health risk as e - cigarettes do not contain tobacco and any harmful
components are present at a much lower level. He advises people who switch to vaping to try to
quit vaping in the long term too but not at the expense of relapsing to smoking.
 PAKET SOAL LATIHAN 5

But there are arguments about how save vaping really is. The World Health Organization
says e - cigarettes are undoubtedly harmful and should therefore be subject to regulation. It also
raises concerns about vaping being aggressively marketed at young people. It is also concerned
about the possibility of e - smoking leading to the re - normalizing of smoking.
A researcher studying the effects of vaping said the findings show that vaping is not
safe, especially for the lungs of young people. He believes that it is dangerous to announce that 277
e - cigarettes are much safer than tobacco. In conclusion, the best advice that can be given is: “If
you smoke, switch to vaping, if you don’t smoke, don’t vape.”
Adapted from https: https//www.bbc.com/news/health/

14. The paragraph preceding the passage most likely concerns ....
A. a severe lung disease triggered by vaping that nearly caused the death or a young patient
B. statistics on diseases that inflict young people who are smoking e-cigarettes
C. pediatric respiratory medicine and its role in keeping young people healthy
D. a national campaign to ban vaping and e-cigarettes among students
E. the growing popularity of vaping and e-cigarettes

15. Which of the following is the best summary of the passage?

A. Vaping is being aggressively advertised as an effective means to help smokers stop this
habit. As a result, both smokers and non - smokers are turning to e - cigarettes. This
might reduce the number of deaths smoking
B. Severe lung diseases caused by vaping have caused a lot of concern among health
authorities in the UK. This is mainly caused by the successful marketing strategies of
e - cigarettes who are targeting the most vulnerable sector, the youth
C. A heated argument is going on about the benefits and safety of vaping. The parties
against vaping say that there is no scientific evidence that it is safe. However, opposing
parties claim that vaping is 95 percent safer than smoking which causes the deaths of
hundreds of people daily
D. It is argued that vaping is much safer than smoking and can be used as a method to stop
smoking. Nevertheless, arguments are being raised about its safely there is an evidence
that it can cause severe reactions, particularly in teenagers. Therefore, people who are
non - smokers are advised to avoid vaping.
E. Although vaping has already caused some deaths among young people nothing has been
done to prohibit the marketing of e – cigarettes. This is because the health authorities
believe that it is still better to vape than to smoke regular tobacco cigarettes. The latter
takes the lives of approximately 200 people a day

16. From the passage it can be concluded that the more

A. people start e - smoking, the less possible it is for them to completely stop smoking
B. e - cigarettes are marketed the more young people will be buying tobacco based
cigarettes
C. e - cigarettes are advertised in the UK the more young people will be attracted to start
vaping
D. people know about the risks of vaping, the less important to do research on its effects
on its users
E. research is done on the effect of vaping the muse evidence will be gained about the
dangers of smoking
 BELAJAR PRAKTIS LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS | KELAS XII SMA

TEXT 1
Eating more flavonols, antioxidants found in many vegetables, fruits, tea and wine,
may slow your rate of memory loss, a new study finds. The cognitive score of people in the
study who ate the most flavonols declined 0.4 units per decade, more slowly than those
who ate the fewest flavonols. The results held even after adjusting for other factors that can
278 affect memory, such as age, sex and smoking, according to the study recently published in
Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.
“It’s exciting that our study shows making specific diet choices may lead to a slower
rate of cognitive decline,” said study author Dr. Thomas Holland, an instructor in the
department of internal medicine at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, in a
statement. “Something as simple as eating more fruits and vegetables and drinking more
tea is an easy way for people to take an active role in maintaining their brain health.”
“Flavonols are cytoprotective, meaning they protect cells, including neurons, so it’s
plausible there could be a direct impact on cognition”, said Dr. David Katz, a specialist in
preventive and lifestyle medicine and nutrition who was not involved in the study.
Flavonols are marker of higher intake of fruits and vegetables — which is good for
the brain because it is good for every vital organ, and the organism as a whole. Flavonols
may also be a marker of better overall diet quality, or even greater health consciousness.
People who are more health conscious may do things to preserve their cognition, or maybe
being more health conscious is a by-product of better cognition.

TEXT 2
The new study asked 961 people with an average age of 81 and no signs of dementia
to fill out a food questionnaire each year for seven years. In addition, the participants
underwent annual cognitive and memory tests and were quizzed on their time spent being
physically and mentally active.
People were divided into groups based on their daily intake of flavonols. The lowest
intake was about 5 milligrams a day; the highest 15 milligrams a day - equal to about a cup
of dark leafy greens, the study noted. (For comparison, the average flavonol intake in US
adults is about 16 to 20 milligrams per day, according to the study.)
The study looked at the impact of the four major flavonols- kaempferol, quercetin,
myricetin and isorhamnetin - on the rate of cognitive decline over the seven years. The
greatest impact found with kaempferol. People who ate the highest amounts of foods
with kaempferol showed a 0.4 units per decade slower rate of cognitive decline compared
with those who ate the fewest, according to the study. Myricetin was next. People who
ate the most foods with myricetin had a 0.3 units per decade slower rate of cognitive
decline compared with the lowest consuming group. People who ate the most foods with
quercetin showed a 0.2 units per decade slower rate of cognitive decline. However, dietary
isorhamnetin had no impact, the study found.
Adapted from: https://edition.cnn.com/2022/11/28

17. What is the main idea of Text 1?

A. There are some reasons why flavonol is good.
B. An easy way in maintaining the brain health
C. How flavonol can increase rate of memory loss.
 PAKET SOAL LATIHAN 5

D. Flavonol can slower cognitive decline

E. Flavonols are marker of higher intake of fruits and vegetables.

18. What is the relationship between Texts 1 and 2?

A. Text 1 discusses about maintaining brain cognitive by flavonol explained in Text 2
B. Text 1 explains how flavonol can help memory decline discussed in Text 2. 279
C. Both texts explain about flavonol in general.
D. Text 2 provide analysis on flavonol as protector against memory decline explained
in Text 1
E. Text 2 discusses the approach on flavonol explained in Text 1.

19. Based on information from the two texts, which of the following will most likely happen
in the future?
A. People won’t get memory lost.
B. It is impossible to have cognitive decline due to flavonol.
C. People may consume more fruits and vegetables to maintain the brain health.
D. Flavonol can be the cure for memory lost.
E. There is no need to worry about cognitive decline.

20. Which of the following best restates the last sentence in Paragraph 3 in Text 2?
A. Isorhamnetin in flavonol doesn’t have function at all
B. Isorhamnetin in flavonol can’t be applied as dietary supplement
C. Isorhamnetin in flavonol has no effect in memory decline at all
D. Isorhamnetin in flavonol is not working in the experiment
E. Isorhamnetin in flavonol doesn’t show correlation with memory lost
 LITERASI DALAM PA KE T 281

BAHASA INGGRIS
6

Reading Text
Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine was announced to be on temporary pause because of
extremely rare but serious blood clotting concerns. Later, polling suggests that public trust in
the shot’s safety has got into a difficult situation. The question is: ‘Will that trust be regained,
and under what circumstances?
On Wednesday, the White House COVID response team promoted a polling. It shows
that confidence in COVID vaccines had actually been lifted up by the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) and Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommendation to pause use
of Johnson & Johnson’s single-shot jab.
It’s clearly too early to tell what the long-lasting effects of this pause will be. Public health
officials have stressed that the Johnson & Johnson COVID vaccine has proved safe and effective.
The pause recommendation was a note of caution to investigate the blood clotting incidents.
On Thursday, Dr. Anthony Fauci told Reuters that he believes federal authorities will make a
decision quickly and that the vaccine will be “back on track.”
Those comments came after a group of expert advisers to the CDC announced official
decisions. But, there are several approaches and plans they can take going forward. For instance,
the experts could recommend that it’s probably safe for all eligible people to receive the 1&1
shot. Or, they could also identify certain high-risk groups who might want to be more cautious,
or just shut it all down. The latter option appears unlikely given the rarity of the blood clotting
events and the vaccine’s efficacy. But public communication of the risk-benefit dynamic will be
crucial. Johnson & Johnson may help many underserved communities without easy access to
health facilities or mass vaccination sites since it requires just one dose.
It’s not shocking that the public may approach brand - new medication with precaution
during a pandemic, especially after a recommended pause. The CDC itself says that the key to
 BELAJAR PRAKTIS LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS | KELAS XII SMA

a successful immunization campaign for the hesitant may not rely on top health officials, but
on local communities.

282

Adapted from: https://fortune.com/

1. How does paragraph 2 relate to paragraph A. The permanent effects of the delay
1? Paragraph 2 .... will be known later.
A. poses the causes of what happened in B. What the lasting outcomes of the
paragraph 1 pause is distinctly easy to tell.
B. presents the results of J & J C. To tell how much trust will be
vaccination stated in paragraph 1 resumed is too early.
C. explains another polling after the D. To tell the continuing consequences
polling stated in paragraph 1 of the halt is obviously too soon.
D. gives examples of the difficult E. It’s clearly not too late to tell the
situation mentioned in paragraph 1 effects of the delay.
E. expresses supports to the result of the
polling stated in paragraph 1 3. The word “they” in sentence 2 paragraph
4 refers to ....
2. Which of the following is the best A. official decisions
paraphrase of the sentence “It’s clearly B. expert advisers
too early to tell what the long - lasting C. several plans
effects of this pause will be.” in paragraph D. those comments
3? E. several approaches
 PAKET SOAL LATIHAN 6

4. About the consequence of vaccination E. Because of the pause

halt in paragraph 4, the author implicitly recommendation, public trust to the
says that .... vaccine is declining.
A. the risk - benefit effect should be well
explained to the public 7. From both graphs, we learn that those
B. the authorities must neglect the who don’t know the safety of J & J 283
public trust factor when announcing vaccine ....
a vital policy A. are consistently the lowest in number
C. because of its merits , J & J vaccine B. decrease sharply after the vaccine
is really needed by those who live far pause
from health facilities C. are the same respondents before and
D. the authorities should not stop the J after vaccine pause
& J vaccination altogether D. are approximately half the number of
E. only people with low - risk should those who say that it is safe
have been vaccinated E. consistently surpass the number of
those who say the vaccine was unsafe
5. Based on the notes that follow the graph,
when more US adult citizens join the 8. The author’s attitude regarding brand -
after - vaccination - pause poll , it can be new medication is ....
predicted that .... A. cautious
A. more US adult citizens will consider J B. uncertain
& J as unsafe C. positive
B. the result will be the same as before D. indifferent
the vaccine was paused E. shocked
C. more US adult citizens will trust the
vaccine as safe 9. What is the best title of the passage?
D. more respondents will be unsure Unsuccessful COVID 19 Vaccination
about the safety of the vaccine A. Public Trust on J & J’s Safety to be
E. the result of the after - vaccine pause Regained
poll will be different B. Public Opinion on Temporary Pause
of J & J Vaccination
6. Which of the following statements about C. Blood Clotting Death after
Johnson & Johnson COVID vaccine Vaccination
is NOT CORRECT according to the D. Wrong Moment of Vaccination Pause
passage?
A. The vaccination was temporarily 10. The passage can be generally found in ....
stopped. A. medical guidelines
B. Most US adult citizens were B. weekly magazines
previously sure that the vaccine was C. academic journals
safe. D. Wikipedia articles
C. The vaccine caused serious blood E. News reports.
clotting.
D. Unlike the other vaccines, people
just need 1 time injection with this
vaccine.
 BELAJAR PRAKTIS LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS | KELAS XII SMA

Poojitha Brand ambassadors are someone who represents the heritage

Posted: 01 January 2022 of any product. So they should be very cautious about what
(06.30 PM) they are supporting to. They should also be very careful that
the product is not at all harmful to the lives of common people.
Knowing that the product is not healthy and even being as a
284 brand ambassador is not at all tolerable.

Deepa Brand ambassadors are usually high profile people who lead
Posted: 09 July 2022 others by example. When the society gives them that much pride
(08.41 AM) and prestige, they should have a sense of responsibility towards
the society that they live-in. Every citizen of the country has
the responsibility of preserving the health and environment.
Brand ambassadors being given a special tag with a list of blind
followers to promote them in every manner, carry an additional
responsibility in preserving the health of the community.

Megha When a person be it a celebrity or a normal person endorses

Posted: 23 August 2022 a particular product, he is actually recommending the viewer
(11.03 AM) to use the particular product. A viewer when sees the brand
ambassador using a product as shown in the commercial, he
thinks of himself becoming like the celebrity after its usage.
So, if the celebrity is promoting the product just for the sake of
money, it is completely immoral, unethical and misleading

Reddy Nowadays people blindly following their favorite celebrities,

Posted: 13 Juni 2022 so they have some responsibility. Therefore, before going into
(04.10 PM) the contract they must use the product and they have to visit
the production units and know what type of ingredients used
to make that product. it is not only the responsibility of brand
ambassadors, it is also the responsibility of government which
makes the product into commercialization

Pia Brand ambassadors are only messengers or just doing their

Posted: 17 March 2022 job but there should be certain policies in which the endorsers
(10.43 PM) should be equally accountable if they claim for the product
besides knowing that it is unhealthy for consumers. Obviously,
celebs have huge fan followings and their statements influence
people at hefty amount. So it is the duty of the celebs to choose
products which are not harmful for consumers’ health.

Joshi It is the duty of brand ambassador to read the whole agreement

Posted: 11 May 2022 carefully. Being the icon of millions of people means that
(10.11 AM) crowd will definitely follow and purchase product. Brand
ambassadors are giving surety of healthy product on the basis
of what’s written in the contract.
Adapted from: https://www.careerride.com/view
 PAKET SOAL LATIHAN 6

11. Who suggested that brand ambassadors C. Irresponsible

should have “product knowledge” in D. Injudicious
order to ensure the safety of the product E. Rebellious
they sell?
A. Joshi
B. Deepa 13. What is the tone of the thread regarding 285
C. Reddy the responsibility of brand ambassadors
D. Pia toward any products they sell?
E. Megha A. Apologetic
B. indifferent
12. The word “accountable” in Pia’s post is C. Doubtful
closest in meaning to …. D. Optimistic
A. Dominant E. Favorable
B. Liable

Reading Text
Teaching language to students should be done naturally teaching materials should be authentic,
so students can learn expressions and words used by native speakers. The word authentic has
been used widely in language teaching and learning process. Teachers and students are naturally
attracted in authentic text. An authentic text is a text that has not been produced for the purpose
of language learning. Finding that students can read something designed for a native speaker
is motivating. Besides, developing ways to deal with real texts can make students feel more
confident to read. When they are confident, they will read different types of texts outside the
classroom. Although an authentic text is good teaching material, the teacher should choose an
appropriate text that may fit to the student’s learning needs. It is because some authentic texts,
such as newspaper texts are more difficult for students.
One source of authentic text is the newspaper. Newspapers contain texts from different
field, such as economy, politics, culture, etc. The teacher may select materials from these topics
based on the school syllabus. In selecting teaching materials from newspapers, teachers should
consider criteria for selecting the texts. One important feature of a newspaper text is that the
first paragraph of the text summarizes the whole story. “It is necessary for teachers to identify
the structure of the authentic text to help them design an effective and beneficial learning
activity for the students.
Although newspaper articles are good for designing language teaching materials,
teachers should be careful in choosing newspaper article. One way of choosing the article or
text is by reading the headlines. The headlines might lead the teacher to choose an appropriate
text. It is because reading headlines supports the development of students ‘critical thinking.
However, the teacher has to read the article to make sure the text is written in the level of
language that fits the students ‘Language ability. “Sometimes headlines are written with certain
cultural references. Therefore, teachers as material developers should also have some cultural
knowledge of English. In brief, it will be easier for teachers to find suitable authentic materials
in newspaper for teaching and learning purposes if they have sufficient cultural knowledge of
the language.
Adapted from: https://www.britishcouncil.org/voices-magazine
 BELAJAR PRAKTIS LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS | KELAS XII SMA

14. The author explains the reason for using C. Sentence 2 is a restatement of
authentic materials in teaching language sentence 1.
in paragraph... D. Sentence 1 discusses the newspaper
A. 1 and sentence 2 explains the
B. 2 importance of cultural knowledge.
286 C. 3 E. Sentence1I explains authentic
D. 1 and 2 material and sentence 2 explains how
E. 2 and 3 to select authentic materials.

15. What is the relationship between 16. The irrelevant statement in paragraph 3
sentence 1 and sentence 2 in paragraph is sentence ....
2? A. 2
A. Sentence 1 mentions an example of B. 3
authentic texts followed by a detail C. 4
explanation in sentence 2 D. 5
B. Sentence 1 explains an example E. 6
of authentic texts and sentence 2
explains about teaching materials.

Reading Text

TEXT 1

Perhaps you are living with a sleep deficit and believe you are making it through the day
with no real impact. However, Research has found that many people have little idea on
how much poor sleep has affected their mood and coping skills. As a matter of fact, sleep
deprivation also makes obvious symptoms of daytime fatigue include a lack of motivation
to accomplish everyday tasks, a lack of productivity at work, memory problems, a low
interest in being social, and you may find yourself going ballistic over the slightest slight.

Sleep deprivation has many causes and is generally multifactorial. Common contributing
causes of sleep loss are sleep apnea, insomnia, restless leg syndrome, parasomnias, mood
disturbances, psychosis, and other psychiatric, neurological, and other medical conditions. In
a long term, less sleep of many causes correlates with obesity, diabetes & impaired glucose
tolerance, cardiovascular disease & hypertension, anxiety and depression. The presence of
these ailments could serve as indicators that a patient may have an impaired quality of sleep.
As a rule of thumb, the sicker the patient, the less likely it is that the patient sleeps well.

“There is no exact formula, but the longer you have been depriving yourself of
sleep, the longer it will take to recover,” Knutson said. “If you deprive yourself of sleep for
a week or more, it’ll take more than a day or two to fully compensate.”

Therefore, don’t assume that if you “feel fine that you are fine.” Then prioritize
sleep, make it as important as eating, exercising, showering and all the other things you do
on a daily basis.
 PAKET SOAL LATIHAN 6

TEXT 2

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine advises that if you’re an adult between the
ages of 18 and 60, you are supposed to get seven or more hours of sleep each night. But
according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a third of US adults get
fewer than seven hours of sleep per night. It’s possible to reduce the risk of developing 287
sleep deprivation, but it’s virtually impossible to prevent it entirely. Because it can happen
for so many reasons, many of which are normal and expected at some point in your life,
everyone has some amount of sleep deprivation at some point.
To reduce the risk of having sleep deprivation, anyone can change their behavior.
People can prevent sleep deprivation simply by adjusting their sleep-related behavior and pre-
sleep routine. It can starts by setting a bedtime that allows you to get the recommended amount
of sleep for your age. You can also limit the time you spend around bright lights or using
electronics. Light from these too close to bedtime can disrupt your body’s natural sleep-wake
functions. In addition, Physical activity habit can be alternative to lessen sleep deprivation.
Exercise helps to restore metabolic function, reduce inflammation and calm the SNS response
affected by poor sleep.
Various medications can help a person fall and stay asleep or change the way they sleep.
Some medications can even change the way a person dreams, making it less likely that they’ll
have severe nightmares or other sleep disturbances. Prescription medications for insomnia
include sedatives, tranquilizers, and anti-anxiety drugs. Doctors don’t recommend taking
sleeping pills for more than 2 to 3 weeks, as they can become habit-forming. Dose and duration
will vary depending on your diagnosis, medical history, and current condition.
Breathing support methods are also efficacious to reduce the sleep deprivation.
Conditions that affect breathing during sleep, such as sleep apnea, are treatable with various
methods. These include different types of pillows and supports, mouthpieces that adjust your
jaw position, surgery to widen your airway, positive airway pressure machines that keep your
airway open while you sleep and more.
Adapted from: https://edition.cnn.com

17. What is the main idea of Text 1? B. Text 1 explains how deficit sleep can
A. The introduction of sleep deprivation affect both mood and coping skills
B. The disadvantages of sleep discussed in Text 2.
deprivation C. Text 2 explains how sleep deprivation
C. The causes and effects of sleep mentioned in Text 1 are treated to get
deprivation proper sleep.
D. The prevalence of sleep deprivation D. Text 2 discusses the cure for symptoms
among people of sleep deprivation explained in Text
E. How sleep deprivation occurs 1.
E. Both texts explain that deficit sleep
18. What is the relationship between Texts 1 may be bad for us.
and 2?
A. Text 1 discusses the problems of sleep
deprivation explained in Text 2
 BELAJAR PRAKTIS LITERASI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS | KELAS XII SMA

19. Which of the following best restates the

phrase “feel fine that you are fine” (the
first sentence in Paragraph 4 in Text 1)?
A. You get a sleep deficit and make
it through the day with no real
288 impact.
B. You experience sleep deprivation
and have positive breakthrough
C. You don’t have problems a whole day
instead of lack of sleep.
D. You don’t feel the effect of sleep.
E. Lack of sleep doesn’t influence your
income.

20. The purpose of the 2 Text is to ....

A. Give information related lack of sleep
and the impact for our health
B. Provide advice for people who badly
suffer sleep deprivation.
C. Overview of sleep deprivation to the
readers
D. Explain the importance of managing
our sleep for a better life.
E. Give explanation that sleep
deprivation is bad for our outcome
therefore we have to prevent it.
289
290