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    Taxonomy

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    The document discusses taxonomy, which is the science of naming and classifying organisms. It describes how Carolus Linnaeus developed hierarchical classification and binomial nomenclature systems that are still used today. These systems involve classifying organisms into taxonomic ranks like kingdom, phylum, class, order, etc. and giving each a scientific name with the genus and species.

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    Taxonomy

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    The document discusses taxonomy, which is the science of naming and classifying organisms. It describes how Carolus Linnaeus developed hierarchical classification and binomial nomenclature systems that are still used today. These systems involve classifying organisms into taxonomic ranks like kingdom, phylum, class, order, etc. and giving each a scientific name with the genus and species.

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    The document discusses taxonomy, which is the science of naming and classifying organisms. It describes how Carolus Linnaeus developed hierarchical classification and binomial nomenclature systems that are still used today. These systems involve classifying organisms into taxonomic ranks like kingdom, phylum, class, order, etc. and giving each a scientific name with the genus and species.

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    3 views4 pages

    Taxonomy

    Uploaded by

    rambhujawanthakur
    The document discusses taxonomy, which is the science of naming and classifying organisms. It describes how Carolus Linnaeus developed hierarchical classification and binomial nomenclature systems that are still used today. These systems involve classifying organisms into taxonomic ranks like kingdom, phylum, class, order, etc. and giving each a scientific name with the genus and species.

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    Taxonomy

    Taxonomy is a science that deals with naming, describing and classification of all living
    organisms including plants. Classification is based on behavioural, genetic and
    biochemical variations. Characterization, identification, and classification are the
    processes of taxonomy. Organisms are classified into similar categories namely kingdom,
    phylum, class, order, family, genus and species.

    Carolus Linnaeus is considered as the Father of Taxonomy. He is the one who developed a
    procedure to name and organize species. Even today this procedure is being followed. His
    contributions to taxonomy were:-

    •Hierarchical classification system

    •Binomial nomenclature system

    Group of organisms with similar characteristics are categorized into species. Species are
    distinguished based on the morphological characters. For example, different types of
    mangoes belong to one species. There are millions of species in nature and hence it is
    difficult to identify and classify those species without having a proper procedure. So, these
    systems of classification were introduced.

    •Hierarchical classification system

    The system of grouping of organisms in different hieachical levels is called hierarchical


    system of classification. It was developed by C. Linnaeus.Taxonomic hierarchy consist
    seven basic levels-species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Division/Phylum and Kingdom in
    ascending order.Each of this levels are called taxonomic category or rank.Sequences of
    taxonomic ranks shows systematic position of an organism.

    •Example: systematic position of mustard:-

    Kingdom: Plantae

    Division: Trachaeophyta

    Class: Dicotyledoneae

    Order: Parietales

    Family: Brassicaceae

    Genus: Brassica

    Species: B.campestris
    •Bionomial nomenclature system

    The process of giving the scientific name of organism in two names or words: genus and
    species is called binomial nomenclature. E.g. Brassica campestris for mustard where
    Brassica is a generic name and campestris is a species name.

    “Binomial nomenclature is the system of naming the organisms in which the name is
    composed of two terms, the first term indicates the genus and the second term indicates
    the species.It was explained or given by Carolus Linnaeus in his book ‘Species plantarum’
    in 1753.

    -Rules for Binomial nomenclature system

    The rules of binomial nomenclature are developed by The International Code of


    Nomenclature for gae, fungi, and plants (ICN) (formerly known as ICBN International Code
    of Botanical Nomenclature), ICZN (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature), ICBAN
    (International Code of Bacterial Nomenclature) and ICVN (International Code of Viral
    Nomenclature). Some rules are listed below:

    1.Name of each organism is given in two words, generic and specific or species name. E.g.
    Maize: Zea mays

    2.The generic name always begins with a capital letter whereas the specific name always
    begins with small letter, e.g. Potato: Solanum tuberosum

    3. Generic and species names are written in italics in printed form and are underlined
    separately in hand-written form. E.g. Maize: Zea mays or Zea mays.

    4. The author name must be written after species name either in full or in abbreviation
    form. E.g. Soyabean: Glycine max L.

    5.The generic name is single word but species name may be single or compound word. E.g.

    Hibiscus rosa-sinesis.

    6.The names of families and sub-families should be based on generic name of organisms.
    E.g. Family Solanaceae is based on genus Solanum.

    7. A newly identified specimen should be kept as a type specimen in public museum.

    8.The word of genus and species must have 3-12 letters.

    Here are some of the plants species that we use and eat through our
    lifetime and are important for us:-
    S.N. Common Name Scientific Name

    1. Beetroot Beta vulgaris

    2. Spinach Spinacia oleracea

    3. Turnip Brassica rapa

    4. Cauliflower Brassica oleracea

    5. Pumpkin Cucurbita pepo

    6. Radish Raphanus sativus

    7. Carrot Daucus carota

    8. Potato Solanum tuberisum

    9. Tomato Solanum lycopercium

    10. Onion Allium cepa

    11. Mango Magnifera indica

    12. Apple Malus pumila

    13. Orange Citrus sinesis

    14. Grapes Vitis venifera

    15. Strawberry Fragaria ananassa

    16. Rice Oryza sativa

    17. Wheat Triticum aestivum

    18. Maize Zea mays

    19. Barley Hordeum vulgare

    20. Beans Phaseolus vulgaris

    21. Grams Cicer arietinum


    22. Pea Pisum sativum

    23. Sugarcane Saccharum officinarum

    24. Coconut Coccos nucifera

    25. Sunflower Helianthus annus

    26. Mustard Brassica campestris

    27. Cashewnut Anacardium occidentale

    28. Groundnut Arachis hypogaea

    29. Walnut Juglans regia

    30. Chinnamon Cinnamomum verum

    31. Cardamon Elettaria cardamomum

    32. Cloves Syzygium aromaticum

    33. Pepper Capsicum nigrum

    34. Chilly Capsicum frutescens

    35. Lady’s finger Abelmoschus esculentus

    36. Bottle gourd Lagenaria siceraria

    37. Drumsticks Moringa oleofera

    38. Brinjal Solanum melongena

    39. Capsicum Capsicum annum

    40. Bitter gourd Momordica charantia

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