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Appendix G-192-19.
5 HYDROGEN PIPELINES

A reference for hydrogen pipelines is OPS Report No. DOT.RSPA/DMT-10-85-1, "Safety Criteria for the
Operation of Gaseous Hydrogen Pipelines," (Discontinued).

6 OSHA STANDARDS

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration has issued letters regarding application of their
standards to working conditions that are regulated by PHMSA-OPS. See Guide Material Appendix G-
192-21.

7 SPECIAL PERMITS

PHMSA-OPS considers applications from operators for special permits (waivers) under §190.341 to use
new technologies, alternative design, materials, or inspection frequencies providing the resulting level of
safety is comparable to or exceeds that in the current regulations. See guide material under §§192.107,
192.328, 192.611, 192.939, 192.943, and 192.1013.
Note: A “special permit” was previously referred to as a “waiver” by PHMSA-OPS. State terminology may
differ (e.g., waiver, variance).

§192.3
Definitions.
[Effective Date: 05/24/23]

As used in this part:

Abandoned means permanently removed from service.
Active corrosion means continuing corrosion that, unless controlled, could result in a condition
that is detrimental to public safety.
Administrator means the Administrator, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
or his or her delegate.
Alarm means an audible or visible means of indicating to the controller that equipment or
processes are outside operator-defined, safety-related parameters.
Close interval survey means a series of closely and properly spaced pipe-to-electrolyte potential
measurements taken over the pipe to assess the adequacy of cathodic protection or to identify
locations where a current may be leaving the pipeline that may cause corrosion and for the purpose
of quantifying voltage (IR) drops other than those across the structure electrolyte boundary, such as
when performed as a current interrupted, depolarized, or native survey.
Composite materials means materials used to make pipe or components manufactured with a
combination of either steel and/or plastic and with a reinforcing material to maintain its circumferential
or longitudinal strength.
Control room means an operations center staffed by personnel charged with the responsibility
for remotely monitoring and controlling a pipeline facility.
Controller means a qualified individual who remotely monitors and controls the safety-related
operations of a pipeline facility via a SCADA system from a control room, and who has operational
authority and accountability for the remote operational functions of the pipeline facility.
Customer meter means the meter that measures the transfer of gas from an operator to a
consumer.
Distribution center means the initial point where gas enters piping used primarily to deliver gas
to customers who purchase it for consumption, as opposed to customers who purchase it for resale,
for example:
(1) At a metering location;

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(2) A pressure reduction location; or

(3) Where there is a reduction in the volume of gas, such as a lateral off a transmission line.
Distribution line means a pipeline other than a gathering or transmission line.
Dry gas or dry natural gas means gas above its dew point and without condensed liquids.
Electrical survey means a series of closely spaced pipe-to-soil readings over pipelines which are
subsequently analyzed to identify locations where a corrosive current is leaving the pipeline.
Engineering critical assessment (ECA) means a documented analytical procedure based on
fracture mechanics principles, relevant material properties (mechanical and fracture resistance
properties), operating history, operational environment, in-service degradation, possible failure
mechanisms, initial and final defect sizes, and usage of future operating and maintenance procedures
to determine the maximum tolerable sizes for imperfections based upon the pipeline segment
maximum allowable operating pressure.
Entirely replaced onshore transmission pipeline segments means, for the purposes of §§192.179
and 192.634, where 2 or more miles, in the aggregate, of onshore transmission pipeline have been
replaced within any 5 contiguous miles of pipeline within any 24-month period.
Exposed underwater pipeline means an underwater pipeline where the top of the pipe protrudes
above the underwater natural bottom (as determined by recognized and generally accepted practices)
in waters less than 15 feet (4.6 meters) deep, as measured from mean low water.
Gas means natural gas, flammable gas, or gas which is toxic or corrosive.
Gathering line means a pipeline that transports gas from a current production facility to a
transmission line or main.
Gulf of Mexico and its inlets means the waters from the mean high water mark of the coast of the
Gulf of Mexico and its inlets open to the sea (excluding rivers, tidal marshes, lakes and canals)
seaward to include the territorial sea and Outer Continental Shelf to a depth of 15 feet (4.6 meters), as
measured from the mean low water.
Hard spot means an area on steel pipe material with a minimum dimension greater than two
inches (50.8 mm) in any direction and hardness greater than or equal to Rockwell 35 HRC (Brinell 327
HB or Vickers 345 HV10)
Hazard to navigation means, for the purposes of this part, a pipeline where the top of the pipe is
less than 12 inches (305 millimeters) below the underwater natural bottom (as determined by
recognized and generally accepted practices) in waters less than 15 feet (4.6 meters) deep, as
measured from the mean low water.
High pressure distribution system means a distribution system in which the gas pressure in the
main is higher than the pressure provided to the customer.
In-line inspection (ILI) means an inspection of a pipeline from the interior of the pipe using an
inspection tool also called intelligent or smart pigging. This definition includes tethered and self-
propelled inspection tools.
In-line inspection tool or instrumented internal inspection device means an instrumented device
or vehicle that uses a non-destructive testing technique to inspect the pipeline from the inside in order
to identify and characterize flaws to analyze pipeline integrity; also known as an intelligent or smart
pig.
Line section means a continuous run of transmission line between adjacent compressor stations,
between a compressor station and storage facilities, between a compressor station and a block valve,
or between adjacent block valves.
Listed specification means a specification listed in section I of Appendix B of this part.
Low-pressure distribution system means a distribution system in which the gas pressure in the
main is substantially the same as the pressure provided to the customer.
Main means a distribution line that serves as a common source of supply for more than one
service line.
Maximum actual operating pressure means the maximum pressure that occurs during normal
operations over a period of 1 year.
Maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP) means the maximum pressure at which a
pipeline or segment of a pipeline may be operated under this part.
Moderate consequence areas means:

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(1) An onshore area that is within a potential impact circle, as defined in § 192.903, containing
either:
(i) Five or more buildings intended for human occupancy; or

(ii) Any portion of the paved surface, including shoulders, of a designated interstate,
other freeway, or expressway, as well as any other principal arterial roadway with 4
or more lanes, as defined in the Federal Highway Administration’s Highway
Functional Classification Concepts, Criteria and Procedures, Section 3.1 (see:
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/processes/statewide/related/highway_functional_classifi
cations/fcauab.pdf), and that does not meet the definition of high consequence area,
as defined in § 192.903.

(2) The length of the moderate consequence area extends axially along the length of the pipeline
from the outermost edge of the first potential impact circle containing either 5 or more buildings
intended for human occupancy; or any portion of the paved surface, including shoulders, of any
designated interstate, freeway or expressway, as well as any other principal arterial roadway with
4 or more lanes, to the outermost edge of the last contiguous potential impact circle that contains
either 5 or more buildings intended for human occupancy, or any portion of the paved surface,
including shoulders, or any designated interstate, freeway, or expressway, as well as any other
principal arterial roadway with 4 or more lanes.
Municipality means a city, county, or any other political subdivision of a state.
Notification of potential rupture means the notification to, or observation by, an operator of indicia
identified in §192.635 of a potential unintentional or uncontrolled release of a large volume of gas from
a pipeline.
Offshore means beyond the line of ordinary low water along that portion of the coast of the United
States that is in direct contact with the open seas and beyond the line marking the seaward limit of
inland waters.
Operator means a person who engages in the transportation of gas.
Outer Continental Shelf means all submerged lands lying seaward and outside the area of lands
beneath navigable waters as defined in Section 2 of the Submerged Lands Act (43 U.S.C. 1301) and
of which the subsoil and seabed appertain to the United States and are subject to its jurisdiction and
control.
Person means any individual, firm, joint venture, partnership, corporation, association, state,
municipality, cooperative association, or joint stock association, and including any trustee, receiver,
assignee, or personal representative thereof.
Petroleum gas means propane, propylene, butane, (normal butane or isobutanes), and butylene
(including isomers), or mixtures composed predominantly of these gases, having a vapor pressure
not exceeding 208 psi (1434 kPa) gage at 100 oF (38 oC).
Pipe means any pipe or tubing used in the transportation of gas, including pipe-type holders.
Pipeline means all parts of those physical facilities through which gas moves in transportation,
including pipe, valves, and other appurtenance attached to pipe, compressor units, metering stations,
regulator stations, delivery stations, holders, and fabricated assemblies.
Pipeline environment includes soil resistivity (high or low), soil moisture (wet or dry), soil
contaminants that may promote corrosive activity, and other known conditions that could affect the
probability of active corrosion.
Pipeline facility means new and existing pipelines, rights-of-way, and any equipment, facility, or
building used in the transportation of gas or in the treatment of gas during the course of
transportation.
Rupture-mitigation valve (RMV) means an automatic shut-off valve (ASV) or a remote-control
valve (RCV) that a pipeline operator uses to minimize the volume of gas released from the pipeline
and to mitigate the consequences of a rupture.
Service line means a distribution line that transports gas from a common source of supply to an
individual customer, to two adjacent or adjoining residential or small commercial customers, or to
multiple residential or small commercial customers served through a meter header or manifold. A

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service line ends at the outlet of the customer meter or at the connection to a customer's piping,
whichever is further downstream, or at the connection to customer piping if there is no meter.
Service regulator means the device on a service line that controls the pressure of gas delivered
from a higher pressure to the pressure provided to the customer. A service regulator may serve one
customer or multiple customers through a meter header or manifold.
SMYS means specified minimum yield strength is:
(1) For steel pipe manufactured in accordance with a listed specification, the yield strength
specified as a minimum in that specification; or

(2) For steel pipe manufactured in accordance with an unknown or unlisted specification, the
yield strength determined in accordance with §192.107(b).
State means each of the several states, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of
Puerto Rico.
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system means a computer-based system or
systems used by a controller in a control room that collects and displays information about a pipeline
facility and may have the ability to send commands back to the pipeline facility.
Transmission line means a pipeline or connected series of pipelines, other than a gathering line,
that:
(1) Transports gas from a gathering pipeline or storage facility to a distribution center,
storage facility, or large volume customer that is not down-stream from a distribution center;
(2) Has an MAOP of 20 percent or more of SMYS;
(3) Transports gas within a storage field; or
(4) Is voluntarily designated by the operator as a transmission pipeline.
Note: A large volume customer may receive similar volumes of gas as a distribution center, and includes
factories, power plants, and institutional users of gas.
Transportation of gas means the gathering, transmission, or distribution of gas by pipeline or the
storage of gas, in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce.
Underground natural gas storage facility means a facility that stores natural gas in an
underground facility incident to natural gas transportation, including—
(1) A depleted hydrocarbon reservoir;
(2) An aquifer reservoir; or
(3) A solution-mined salt cavern reservoir, including associated material and
equipment used for injection, withdrawal, monitoring, or observation wells, and wellhead
equipment, piping, rights-of-way, property, buildings, compressor units, separators, metering
equipment, and regulator equipment.
Weak link means a device or method used when pulling polyethylene pipe, typically through
methods such as horizontal directional drilling, to ensure that damage will not occur to the
pipeline by exceeding the maximum tensile stresses allowed.
Welder means a person who performs manual or semi-automatic welding.
Welding operator means a person who operates machine or automatic welding equipment.
Wrinkle bend means a bend in the pipe that:
(1) Was formed in the field during construction such that the inside radius of the bend
has one or more ripples with:
(i) An amplitude greater than or equal to 1.5 times the wall thickness of the pipe,
measured from peak to valley of the ripple; or
(ii) With ripples less than 1.5 times the wall thickness of the pipe and with a
wrinkle length (peak to peak) to wrinkle height (peak to valley) ratio under 12.
(2) (i) If the length of the wrinkle bend cannot be reliably determined, then w rinkle
bend means a bend in the pipe where (h/D)*100 exceeds 2 when S is less than 37,000 psi (255
MPa), where (h/D)*100 exceeds (47000— S)/10,000 +1 for psi [324— S)/69 +1 for MPa] when S
is greater than 37,000 psi (255 MPa) but less than 47,000 psi (324 MPa), and where (h/D)*100
exceeds 1 when S is 47,000 psi (324 MPa) or more.
(ii) Where:
(A) D = Outside diameter of the pipe, in. (mm);

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(B) h = Crest-to-trough height of the ripple, in. (mm); and

(C) S = Maximum operating hoop stress, psi (S/145, MPa).

[Amdt. 192-13, 38 FR 9083, Apr. 10, 1973; Amdt. 192-27, 41 FR 34598, Aug. 16, 1976; Amdt. 192-58, 53
FR 1633, Jan. 21, 1988; Amdt. 192-67, 56 FR 63764, Dec. 5, 1991; Amdt. 192-72, 59 FR 17275, Apr. 12,
1994 with Amdt. 192-72 Ext., 59 FR 49896, Sept. 30, 1994, Amdt. 192-72 Ext. Correction, 59 FR 52863,
Oct. 19, 1994 and Amdt. 192-72 Ext., 60 FR 7133, Feb. 7, 1995; Amdt. 192-78, 61 FR 28770, June 6,
1996 with Amdt. 192-78 Correction, 61 FR 30824, June 18, 1996; Amdt. 192-81, 62 FR 61692, Nov. 19,
1997 with Amdt. 192-81 Confirmation, 63 FR 12659, Mar. 16, 1998; Amdt. 192-85, 63 FR 37500, July
13, 1998; Amdt. 192-89, 65 FR 54440, Sept. 8, 2000; RIN 2137-AD43, 68 FR 11748, Mar. 12, 2003;
Amdt. 192-93, 68 FR 53895, Sept. 15, 2003; Amdt. 192-94, 69 FR 32886, June 14, 2004 with Amdt.
192-94 Correction, 69 FR 54591, Sept. 9, 2004 and Amdt. 192-94 DFR [Correction], 70 FR 3147, Jan.
21, 2005; Amdt. 192-98, 69 FR 48400, Aug. 10, 2004; RIN 2137-AD77, 70 FR 11135, Mar. 8, 2005;
Amdt. 192-112, 74 FR 63310, Dec. 3, 2009; Amdt. 192-114, 75 FR 48593, Aug. 11, 2010; Amdt. 192-
120, 80 FR 12762, Mar. 11, 2015; Amdt 192-122, 81 FR 91872, Dec. 19, 2016; Amdt 192-124, 83 FR
58694, Nov. 20, 2018; Amdt 192-125, Oct. 1, 2019; Amdt. 192-129, 86 FR 63294, Nov. 15, 2021; Amdt.
192-130, 87 FR 20940, Apr. 8, 2022, Amdt. 192-132, 87 FR 52224, Aug. 24, 2022, with Correction 87
FR 64384, October 25, 2022]

GUIDE MATERIAL

This guide material is currently under review following Amdt. 192-125.

Glossary of Commonly Used Terms

(For Glossary of Commonly Used Abbreviations, see Table 192.3i below.)

Abandoned pipeline is a pipeline that is physically separated from its source of gas and is no longer maintained
under Part 192.
Abandonment is the process of abandoning a pipeline.
Adhesive joint is a joint made in thermosetting plastic piping by the use of an adhesive substance that forms
a bond between the mating surfaces without dissolving either one of them.
Ambient temperature is the temperature of the surrounding medium, usually used to refer to the temperature
of the air in which a structure is situated or a device operates. See also Ground Temperature and
Temperature.
Bell-welded pipe is furnace-welded pipe that has a longitudinal butt joint that is forge-welded by the
mechanical pressure developed in drawing the furnace-heated skelp through a cone-shaped die. The
die, commonly known as a "welding bell," serves as a combined forming and welding die. This type of
pipe is produced in individual lengths from cut-length skelp. Typical specifications: ASTM A53, API Spec
5L. See also Furnace-butt-welded pipe and Pipe manufacturing processes.
Bottle is a gastight structure that is (1) completely fabricated by the manufacturer from pipe with integral drawn,

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forged, or spun end closures; and (2) tested in the manufacturer's plant. See also Bottle-type holder.
Bottle-type holder is any bottle or group of interconnected bottles installed in one location, and used for the
sole purpose of storing gas. See also Bottle.
Carbon steel. By common custom, steel is considered to be carbon steel where (i) no minimum content is
specified or required for aluminum, boron, chromium, cobalt, columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium,
tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, or any other element added to obtain a desired alloying effect; (ii) the
specified minimum content for copper does not exceed 0.40 percent; or (iii) the specified maximum content
does not exceed 1.65 percent for manganese, 0.60 percent for silicon or 0.60 percent for copper.
All carbon steels may contain small quantities of unspecified residual elements unavoidably retained from
raw materials. These elements (copper, nickel, molybdenum, chromium, etc.) are considered incidental
and are not normally determined or reported.
Cast iron. The unqualified term cast iron applies to gray-cast iron that is a cast ferrous material in which a
major part of the carbon content occurs as free carbon in the form of flakes interspersed through the
metal.
Christmas tree is an assembly consisting of valves, fittings, pressure gauges, and connecting
components used at ground level atop a wellhead to control the flow of gas into or out of the well.
Cold-expanded pipe is seamless or welded pipe that is formed and then, expanded in the pipe mill while cold,
so that the circumference is permanently increased by at least 0.50 percent.
Compressor station is a pipeline facility installed for the purpose of mechanically increasing the gas
pressure on a pipeline system or for reducing back-pressure on upstream gas facilities to enhance flow.
Other facilities that might be located at the same site but not actually part of the compressor station
include measurement, treatment, processing, and pressure control.
Continuous-welded pipe is furnace-welded pipe which has a longitudinal butt joint that is forge-welded by the
mechanical pressure developed in rolling the hot-formed skelp through a set of round pass welding rolls.
It is produced in continuous lengths from coiled skelp and subsequently cut into individual lengths. Typical
specifications (see §192.7): ASTM A53, API Spec 5L. See also Furnace-butt-welded pipe and Pipe
manufacturing processes.
Control piping is pipe, valves, and fittings used to interconnect air, gas, or hydraulically operated control
apparatus.
Copper Tube Size (CTS) is an alphanumeric sizing convention for copper or plastic components comprised
of the letters CTS preceded by a dimensionless number (e.g., ½ CTS). The CTS "size" is indirectly related
to the nominal outside diameter used in the design of copper tubing (§192.125) or plastic tubing
(§192.121). In all cases, the actual nominal outside diameter, using the CTS sizing convention, will
measure 1/8 inch greater than the nominal CTS size. For example, ½ CTS tubing has an actual nominal
outside diameter of 0.625 inches (0.500 + 0.125 inch).
Cross bore is an intersection of an existing underground utility or underground structure by a second utility.
This typically occurs when the use of trenchless technology results in direct contact between utilities or
underground structures that compromises the integrity of either.
Curb valve is a type of service-line valve installed for the purpose of shutting off gas supply. It is typically
installed below grade at or near the property line.
Deactivation (Inactivation) is the process of making the pipeline inactive.
District regulator station or district pressure regulating station is a pressure regulating station that controls
pressure to a high- or low-pressure distribution main. It does not include pressure regulation whose sole
function is to control pressure to a manifold serving multiple customers.
Double submerged-arc-welded pipe is a pipe having longitudinal or spiral butt joints. The joints are produced
by at least two passes, including at least one each on the inside and on the outside of the pipe.
Coalescence is produced by heating with an electric arc or arcs between the bare metal electrode or
electrodes and the work. The welding is shielded by a blanket or granular, fusible material on the work.
Pressure is not used and filler metal for the inside and outside welds is obtained from the electrode or
electrodes. Typical specifications (see §192.7): ASTM A381, API Spec 5L. See also Pipe manufacturing
processes.
Dry gas is gas above its dew point and without condensed liquids.
Ductile iron (sometimes called nodular iron) is a cast ferrous material in which the free graphite present is in
a spheroidal form rather than a flake form. The desirable properties of ductile iron are achieved by means

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of chemistry and a ferritizing heat treatment of the castings.

Electric-flash-welded pipe is pipe having a longitudinal butt joint wherein coalescence is produced,
simultaneously over the entire area of abutting surfaces, by the heat obtained from resistance to the flow
of electric current between the two surfaces, and by the application of pressure after heating is
substantially completed. Flashing and upsetting are accompanied by the expulsion of metal from the joint.
Typical specification (see §192.7): API Spec 5L. See also Pipe manufacturing processes.
Electric-fusion-welded pipe is pipe having a longitudinal butt joint wherein coalescence is produced in the
preformed tube by manual or automatic electric-arc welding. The weld may be single or double and may
be made with or without the use of filler metal. Typical specifications (see §192.7 and Guide Material
Appendix G-192-1A): ASTM A134, ASTM A139: Single or double weld is permitted with or without the
use of filler metal. ASTM A671, ASTM A672, ASTM A691, and API Spec 5L: Requires both inside and
outside welds and use of filler metal.
Spiral-welded pipe is also made by the electric-fusion-welded process with either a butt joint, a lap joint,
or a lock-seam joint. Typical specifications (see §192.7 and Guide Material Appendix G-192-1A): ASTM
A134, ASTM A139, and API Spec 5L: Butt joint. ASTM A211: Butt joint, lap joint, or lock-seam joint. See
also Pipe manufacturing processes.
Electric-resistance-welded (ERW) pipe is pipe, which has a longitudinal butt joint wherein coalescence, is
produced by the application of pressure and by the heat obtained from the resistance of the pipe to the
flow of an electric current in a circuit of which the pipe is a part. It is produced in individual lengths or in
continuous lengths from coiled skelp and subsequently cut into individual lengths. Typical specifications
(see §192.7 and Guide Material Appendix G-192-1A): ASTM A53, ASTM A135, and API Spec 5L. See
also Pipe manufacturing processes.
Electrolyte is a chemical substance containing ions that migrate in an electric field. Electrolytes can play a role
in external corrosion or internal corrosion of metallic pipelines. For external corrosion, electrolyte refers
to the soil or liquid adjacent to and in contact with a buried or submerged piping system, including the
moisture and other chemicals contained therein. For internal corrosion, electrolyte refers to the chemicals
contained in water inside the pipeline, including solutions of salts, acids, and bases.
Electrolytic contact (also known as an electrolytic couple or electrolytic short) is ionic contact between two
metallic structures via an electrolyte.
Excess Flow Valve (EFV) is a device installed in a gas pipeline to automatically restrict or shut off the gas flow
through the line when the flow exceeds a predetermined limit.
Excess Flow Valve-Bypass (EFVB) is an EFV that is designed to limit the flow of gas upon closure to a small,
predetermined level. EFVBs reset automatically once the line downstream is made gastight and pressure
is equalized across the valve.
Excess Flow Valve-Non-Bypass (EFVNB) is an EFV that is designed to stop the flow of gas upon closure.
EFVNBs must be manually reset.
Furnace-butt-welded pipe. There are two such types of pipe defined in this glossary: Bell-welded pipe and
Continuous-welded pipe. See also Pipe manufacturing processes.
Furnace-lap-welded pipe is pipe that has a longitudinal lap joint that is produced by the forge welding process.
In this process, coalescence is produced by heating a preformed tube to welding temperature and then
passing it over a mandrel. The mandrel is located between the two welding rolls that compress and weld
the overlapping edges. Typical specification: API Spec 5L. The manufacture of this type of pipe was
discontinued, and the process was deleted from API Spec 5L in 1962 (see §192.7 and Guide Material
Appendix G-192-1A). See also Pipe manufacturing processes.
Gas control is a person or persons who acquire and maintain data to remotely monitor and direct the flow of
gas to meet design and contractual obligations, and to assist in detecting pipeline emergencies and
initiating response. See related definitions of Control room and Controller in §192.3.
Ground temperature is the temperature of the earth at pipe depth. See also Ambient temperature and
Temperature.
Heat-fusion joint is a joint made in thermoplastic piping by heating the parts sufficiently to permit fusion of the
materials when the parts are pressed together.
Holiday is a coating imperfection that exposes the pipe surface to the environment.
Holiday detection is testing of a coating for holidays using an instrument that applies a voltage between the
external surface of the coating and the pipe.

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Hoop stress is the stress in a pipe wall, acting circumferentially in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal
axis of the pipe, produced by the pressure of the fluid in the pipe. In this Guide, hoop stress in steel pipe
is calculated by the formula:
PD
Sh =
2t
Where:
Sh = Hoop stress, psi
P = Internal pressure, psig
D = Nominal outside diameter of pipe, inches
t = Nominal wall thickness, inches
See also Maximum allowable hoop stress.

Hot taps are connections made to transmission lines, mains, or other facilities while they are in operation.
The connecting and tapping is done while the facility is under gas pressure.
Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB) is one of a series of established stress values specified in ASTM D2837,
"Standard Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design Basis for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials or
Pressure Design Basis for Thermoplastic Pipe Products," for a plastic compound, obtained by
categorizing the long-term hydrostatic strength as determined in accordance with ASTM D2837.
Inactive pipeline is a pipeline that is being maintained under Part 192 but is not presently being used to
transport gas. See guide material under §192.727.
Instrument piping is pipe, valves, and fittings used to connect instruments to main piping, to other instruments
and apparatus, or to measuring equipment.
Iron. See Cast iron, Ductile iron, and Malleable iron.
Iron Pipe Size (IPS) is an alphanumeric sizing convention for cast iron or plastic components comprised of
the letters IPS followed by a dimensionless number (e.g., IPS 2). It was originally related to cast iron
piping, but has been adopted by the plastic pipe specifications (i.e., ASTM D2513 - see §192.7) as a
plastic pipe sizing convention. IPS is not used for steel piping.
Jeeping is a method of Holiday detection.
Joint. See Length.
Lateral line (transmission). See guide material under §192.625.
Leak surveys are systematic inspections made for the purpose of finding leaks in a gas piping system. The
types of inspections commonly made are described in Guide Material Appendix G-192-11 "Gas Leakage
Control Guidelines for Natural Gas Systems" and Guide Material Appendix G-192-11A "Gas Leakage
Control Guidelines for Petroleum Gas Systems."
Length is a piece of pipe as delivered from the mill. Each piece is called a length regardless of its actual
longitudinal dimension. While this is sometimes called a "joint," the term "length" is preferred.
Light surface oxide is a non-damaging form of corrosion.
Long-term hydrostatic strength (LTHS) of plastic pipe is the estimated hoop stress, in psi, that would result in
a failure of the pipe if the pipe were subjected to 100,000 hours of hydrostatic pressure.
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) is the lower limit of flammability for a gas expressed as a percent, by volume, of
gas in air.
Malleable iron is a mixture of iron and carbon, including small amounts of silicon, manganese, phosphorous,
and sulfur which, after being cast, is converted structurally by heat treatment into primarily a matrix of
ferrite containing nodules of tempered carbon.
Maximum allowable hoop stress is the maximum hoop stress permitted for the design of a piping system. It
depends upon the material used, the class location of the pipe, and the operating conditions. See also
Hoop stress.
Maximum allowable test pressure is the maximum internal fluid pressure permitted for testing, for the materials
and class location involved.
Metallic short is direct metallic contact between two metallic structures.
Meters. See Meter set assembly.
Meter set assembly is that exposed portion of the service line extending from the service line riser valve to

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the connection of the customer’s fuel line, including the meter, and (if present) the regulator and relief
vent line. In the absence of a service line riser valve, the meter set assembly starts at the first exposed
fitting. The meter set assembly does not include the customer’s buried or exposed fuel line. If the
operator’s service line continues past the meter and connects to the customer’s fuel line at a location
some distance downstream of the meter, the meter set assembly ends at the meter outlet valve (if
present) or at the first exposed fitting (e.g., coupling or union) downstream of the meter.
Monitoring regulator is a pressure regulator, set in series with another pressure regulator, for the purpose of
providing automatic overpressure protection in the event of a malfunction of the primary regulator.
Nodular iron. See Ductile iron.
Nominal outside diameter (D) is the outside diameter, in inches, as listed in Table 192.105i for nominal pipe
size (NPS) 12 and less, and is the same as the nominal pipe size for greater than NPS 12. It is used in
the design formula for steel pipe in §192.105 and the calculation for hoop stress. Steel, plastic in IPS and
NPS sizes, and some types of cast iron pipe have the same nominal outside diameters. Matching
diameters are used when replacing cast iron or steel pipe with plastic pipe. Table 192.121ii lists the
outside diameters used in the design formula for copper or matching plastic pipe.
Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is an alphanumeric sizing convention for steel and plastic components comprised
of the letters NPS followed by a dimensionless number (e.g., NPS 2). NPS and IPS have the same
nominal outside diameter for a given size. The NPS/IPS "number" originally represented the actual
measured inside diameter of the piping, but this is not always true. The nominal outside diameter (D)
used in the design formulas for NPS piping can be obtained from Table 192.105i or the various product
specifications.
Nominal wall thickness (t) is the wall thickness, in inches, computed by, or used in, the design formula for
steel pipe in §192.105. Pipe may be ordered to this computed wall thickness without adding an allowance
to compensate for the under-thickness tolerances permitted in approved specifications.
Operating stress is the stress in a pipe or structural member under normal operating conditions.
Otherwise changed is a substantial physical alteration of a pipeline facility as opposed to a repair or restoration
(Amdt. 192-102). The original alignment or functionality of the pipeline facility is modified by the alteration.
Examples of a substantial physical alteration include the following.
(a) Addition of a pig launcher or receiver to a pipeline.
(b) Addition of a mainline block valve.
(c) Relocation of a pipeline.
(d) Connection of a lateral.
Overpressure protection is the use of a device or equipment installed for the purpose of preventing pressure
in a pipe system or other facility from exceeding a predetermined limit. See also Pressure limiting station,
Pressure regulating station, and Pressure relief station.
Parallel encroachment pertains to that portion of the route of a transmission line or main that lies within, runs
in a generally parallel direction to, and does not necessarily cross, the rights-of-way of a road, street,
highway, or railroad.
Pipe. See Bell-welded pipe, Cold-expanded pipe, Continuous-welded pipe, Control piping, Double-
submerged-arc-welded pipe, Electric-flash-welded pipe, Electric-fusion-welded pipe, Electric- resistance-
welded pipe, Furnace-butt-welded pipe, Furnace-lap-welded pipe, Instrument piping, Length, Pipe-
container, Pipe manufacturing processes, Pipe-type holder, Sample piping, and Seamless pipe.
Pipe-container is a gastight structure assembled from pipe and end closures. See also Pipe-type holder.
Pipe manufacturing processes. A reference is ASME I00396 "History of Line Pipe Manufacturing in North
America." Types and names of welded joints are used herein as defined in the American Welding Society
(AWS) Publication A3.0 "Standard Welding Terms and Definitions" except for the following terms which
are defined in this glossary.
Bell-welded pipe
Continuous-welded pipe
Double-submerged-arc-welded pipe
Electric-flash-welded pipe
Electric-fusion-welded pipe
Electric-resistance-welded pipe
Furnace-butt-welded pipe

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Furnace-lap-welded pipe
Seamless pipe
Pipe-type holder is any pipe-container or group of interconnected pipe-containers installed at one location for
the sole purpose of storing gas. See also Pipe-container.
Plastic (noun) is a material that contains one or more organic polymeric substances of high molecular weight
as an essential ingredient, is solid in its finished state, and can be shaped by flow at some stage of its
manufacture or processing into finished articles. The two general types of plastic referred to in this Guide
are thermoplastic and thermosetting. See also Thermoplastic and Thermosetting plastic.
Plastic pipe joints. See Adhesive joint, Heat-fusion joint, and Solvent cement joint.
Pressure (expressed in pounds per square inch above atmospheric pressure, i.e., gauge pressure
(abbreviation: psig), unless otherwise stated). See also Maximum allowable test pressure, Overpressure
protection, Pressure limiting station, Pressure regulating station, Pressure relief station, and Standup
pressure test.
Pressure limiting station consists of apparatus which, under abnormal conditions, will act to reduce, restrict,
or shut off the supply of gas flowing into a transmission line, main, holder, pressure vessel, or compressor
station piping in order to prevent the gas pressure from exceeding a predetermined limit. While normal
pressure conditions prevail, the pressure limiting station may exercise some degree of control of the flow
of gas or may remain in the wide-open position. Included in the station are any enclosures and ventilating
equipment, and any piping and auxiliary equipment, such as valves, control instruments, or control lines.
Pressure regulating station consists of apparatus installed for the purpose of automatically reducing and
regulating the gas pressure in the downstream transmission line, main, holder, pressure vessel, or
compressor station piping to which it is connected. Included in the station are any enclosures and
ventilating equipment, and any piping and auxiliary equipment, such as valves, control instruments, or
control lines.
Pressure relief station consists of apparatus installed to vent gas from a transmission line, main, holder,
pressure vessel, or compressor station piping in order to prevent the gas pressure from exceeding a
predetermined limit. The gas may be vented into the atmosphere or into a lower pressure gas system
capable of safely receiving the gas being discharged. Included in the station are any enclosures and
ventilating equipment, and any piping and auxiliary equipment, such as valves, control instruments, or
control lines.
Private rights-of-way are those that are not located on roads, streets, or highways used by the public, or on
railroad rights-of-way.
Proprietary items are items made by a company having the exclusive right of manufacture.
Public place is a place that is generally open to all persons in a community as opposed to being restricted to
specific persons. A public place includes churches, schools, and commercial property, as well as any
publicly owned right-of-way or property that is frequented by people.
Public road, street, or highway is a general term denoting a public way for the purpose of vehicular travel,
including the entire area within its right-of-way.
Reference datum is a known and constant surface which is used to describe the location of points on the
earth. The most common reference datum sets used in North America are NAD27, NAD83, and WGS84.
Regulators. See Pressure limiting station, Pressure regulating station, and Pressure relief station.
Right-of-way is a general term denoting land, property, or interest therein, usually in a strip, acquired for or
devoted to specific purpose such as a highway or pipeline.
Sample piping is pipe, valves, and fittings used for the collection of samples of gas or other fluids.
Seamless pipe is a wrought tubular product made without a welded seam. It is manufactured by hot working
steel or, if necessary, by subsequently cold finishing the hot-worked tubular product to produce the
desired shape, dimensions, and properties. See also Pipe manufacturing processes.
Secondary stress is stress created in the pipe wall by loads other than internal fluid pressure. Examples are
backfill loads, traffic loads, beam action in a span and loads at supports and at connections to the pipe.
Service-line valve is a valve located in a service line and meets the requirements of §192.363. A service-line
valve may be a curb valve, or other valve, located upstream of the:
(a) service regulator,
(b) meter and any meter bypass, where there is no service regulator, or
(c) connection to customer piping if there is no meter.

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Slack loop is extra pipe length installed to counter the effects of pipe expansion and contraction.
Solvent cement joint is a joint made in PVC piping by using solvent cement to join the piping components.
Standup pressure test is a test to demonstrate that a pipe or piping system does not leak as evidenced by the
lack of a drop in pressure over a specified period of time after the source of pressure has been isolated.
Steel is an iron-base alloy, malleable in some temperature range as initially cast, containing manganese,
carbon, and often other alloying elements. See also Carbon steel.
Stress is the resultant internal force that resists change in the size or shape of a body acted on by external
forces. See also Hoop stress, Maximum allowable hoop stress, Operating stress, Secondary stress,
Tensile strength, and Yield strength.
Stress corrosion cracking of metallic pipe is the formation of cracks, typically in a colony or cluster, as a result
of the interaction of tensile stress, a corrosive environment, and a susceptible material.
Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) are persons knowledgeable about design, construction, operations,
maintenance, or characteristics of a pipeline system. Designation as an SME does not necessarily require
specialized education or advanced qualifications. Some SMEs may possess such expertise, but detailed
knowledge of the pipeline system gained by working with it over time can also make someone an SME.
SMEs may be employees, consultants, contractors, or any suitable combination of these.
Subsurface safety valve (SSSV) is a downhole device installed in the production (flow) string of a well to
prevent uncontrolled flow from a well in the event of an emergency. An SSSV may be surface-
controlled or subsurface-controlled.
Temperature (expressed in degrees Fahrenheit (oF) unless otherwise stated). See also Ambient temperature
and Ground temperature.
Tensile strength is the highest unit tensile stress (referred to the original cross section) that a material can
sustain before failure (psi)
Thermoplastic is a plastic that is capable of being repeatedly softened by increase of temperature and
hardened by decrease of temperature. Examples of thermoplastic materials include polyethylene (PE),
polyamide (PA or nylon), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Thermosetting plastic is a plastic that is capable of being changed into a substantially infusible or insoluble
product when cured under the application of heat or by chemical means. Examples of thermosetting
plastic materials include:
(a) Epoxy as used in epoxy fiberglass pipe, "Red Thread®" pipe, and fiber-reinforced pipe (FRP); and
(b) Unsaturated polyester as used in fiberglass composites for steel pipe repair sleeves, and cured-in-
place (CIP).
Thickness. See Nominal wall thickness.
Valve. See Curb valve and Service-line valve.
Vault is an underground structure which may be entered, and which is designed to contain piping and piping
components, such as valves or pressure regulators.
Wellhead is a structure installed at the surface of a gas well to provide the structural and pressure-
containing interface between the subsurface casing strings and the surface facilities including the
Christmas tree.
Yield strength is the strength at which a material exhibits a specified limiting permanent set, or produces a
specified total elongation under load. The specified limiting set or elongation is usually expressed as a
percentage of gage length, and its values are specified in the various material specifications acceptable
under this Guide.

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GLOSSARY OF COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS

Note: For added organizational abbreviations, see Guide Material Appendix G-192-1, Sections 4 and 5.

Abbreviation Meaning

ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
ACVG alternating current voltage gradient
AOC abnormal operating condition
ASV automatic shut-off valve
BAP baseline assessment plan
CAB cellulose acetate butyrate
CDA confirmatory direct assessment
CGI combustible gas indicator
CIS close-interval survey
CP cathodic protection
CTS copper tube size
DA direct assessment
DCVG direct current voltage gradient
DIMP Distribution Integrity Management Program
ECDA external corrosion direct assessment
EFV excess flow valve
EFVB excess flow valve – bypass (automatic reset)
EFVNB excess flow valve – non-bypass (manual reset)
ERW electric resistance welded
ESD emergency shutdown
FAQ frequently asked question
FBE fusion bonded epoxy
FRP fiberglass reinforced plastic
GIS geographic information system
GMA Guide Material Appendix
GPS global positioning system
H2S hydrogen sulfide
HCA high consequence area
HDB hydrostatic design basis
HFI hydrogen flame ionization

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GLOSSARY OF COMMONLY USED ABBREVIATIONS (Continued)

Abbreviation Meaning
IBR Incorporated by reference (see §192.7)
IC internal corrosion
ICDA internal corrosion direct assessment
ICS Incident Command System
ILI in-line inspection
IMP integrity management program
IPS iron pipe size
IR drop voltage drop
LEL lower explosive limit
LNG liquefied natural gas
LPG liquid or liquefied petroleum gas
LTHS long-term hydrostatic strength
MAOP maximum allowable operating pressure
MIC microbiologically influenced corrosion
MOC management of change
MOP maximum operating pressure
MRS minimum required strength
NAPSR National Association of Pipeline Safety Representatives
NDE nondestructive evaluation
NPS nominal pipe size
O2 oxygen
O&M operations and maintenance
OCS outer continental shelf
OQ operator qualification
PA polyamide
P&M measures preventive and mitigative measures
PDB pressure design basis
PE polyethylene
PIC potential impact circle
PIR potential impact radius
PVC poly (vinyl chloride), also written as polyvinyl chloride
RCV remote control valve
SCADA supervisory control and data acquisition
SCC stress corrosion cracking
SCCDA stress corrosion cracking direct assessment
SDB strength design basis
SDR standard dimension ratio
SME subject matter expert
SMYS specified minimum yield strength
USGS United States Geological Survey
USCG United States Coast Guard

TABLE 192.3i

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