Fitria (2021)
Fitria (2021)
Fitria (2021)
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Article in Metathesis Journal of English Language Literature and Teaching · May 2021
DOI: 10.31002/metathesis.v5i1.3519
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Abstract
The presence of ‘Grammarly’ as one of the online grammar checkers as
the impact of technology development. This paper aims to reveal an
overview of ‘Grammarly’ as an AI-powered English Writing Assistant
for EFL students in English Writing. This research applies descriptive
qualitative research. Based on the analysis, using Grammarly software
shows the performance increased. Before using Grammarly, the
performance of the student’s test score is 34 out of 100. After using
Grammarly, the performance student’s text score is 77 out of 100. This
score shows the quality of writing in this text increased. The performance
can be increased based on Grammarly's suggestions in a Premium
account. The researcher recommends the students use Grammarly.
Grammarly is a web tool to perform grammar checks well, starting from
the spelling of words, sentence structure to standard grammar.
Grammarly is free for checking grammatical rule spelling rules, also
correct errors of punctuation and capitalization. Grammarly runs on an
Artificial Intelligence (AI) system, which showing corrections and
suggestions quickly but still precisely. For accuracy, two service options
available both free and paid features. Grammarly's free version still has
limitations and in-service features, unlike the paid version (premium)
which has full advantages and benefits, many features, and complete.
Introduction
Writing is a difficult skill (Maharani, 2018). It is supported by the statements that
writing is such a difficult task that involves a great deal of cognitive and language
skills (Faller, 2018) and (Maharani, 2018). Writing also is one of two productive
skills besides speaking that a learner is expected to achieve the goal to ensure
her/his communicative competence (Sharma, 2004, p. 272). According to Yamin
(2019) states that the ability to know, comprehend, and articulate a concept into a
paragraph or essay is the most basic writing skill that students can possess.
Besides, according to Fairbairn & Winch (2011, p. 83), instead of demonstrating
65
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Fitria “Grammarly” as AI-powered English Writing Assistant:
Students’ Alternative for Writing English
Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)
METATHESIS: JOURNAL OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE LITERATURE AND TEACHING
p-ISSN: 2580-2712
Vol. 5, No. 1, April 2021 PP 65-78
e-ISSN: 2580-2720
DOI: 10.31002/metathesis.v5i1.3519
can use for checking errors such as grammar. Besides, pronunciation, punctuation,
synonyms (use of vocabulary), and identification of plagiarism are also corrected
(Ghufron & Rosyida, 2018). Grammar helps people such as teachers, educators,
and scientists to describe and understand how computer software is used such as it
can lead to teaching and learning English when errors are found (Mubarok &
Syafi’i, 2020).
The products of Grammarly are powered by an interconnected system that
incorporates rules, developments, and techniques of artificial intelligence such as
machine learning, deep learning, and processing of natural languages. The way a
person will execute a task is simulated by an artificial intelligence device. By
multiple methods, AI systems accomplish this. For example, machine learning is a
complex AI technique that involves training an algorithm to show and perform
tasks by presenting loads of examples instead of offering a sequence of rigidly
predefined steps.
The AI method at Grammarly blends deep learning with some approaches to
natural language analysis. Human language has several layers that can be
analyzed and processed: through grammatical constructs and phrases, through
characters and individual phrases, including paragraphs or complete texts. Natural
language processing is an AI branch that involves training machines to understand
and process human language (for example, English) and performing useful tasks
such as machine translation, interpretation of emotions, a ranking of essays, and,
in our case, enhancement of writing. The crucial part of building an AI system is
how to train it well. In that way, AI’s are sort of like men. By watching the adults
around them and by positive or negative feedback, kids learn how to act. As with
girls, if we want to grow up to be helpful and efficient with our AI system, we
need to be careful of what we expose it to and how we intervene when things get
wrong. Choosing high-quality training data for our method to benefit from is the
first move. In the case of Grammarly, the data can take the form of a text corpus, a
large array of sentences arranged and labeled by human researchers in a way that
AI algorithms can recognize. If we want AI to learn the patterns of proper use of
commas, we need to show it sentences of incorrect commas so that it can learn
what a comma error looks like. We need to display it with efficient comma-use
sentences so it knows how to correct comma errors when it finds them.
Feedback from humans is often needed by AI systems. For example, after
multiple users click "ignore" on a specific suggestion or computational linguists
from Grammarly make changes to the algorithms behind that suggestion to make
it more reliable and helpful. Much like humans, AI sometimes makes mistakes. It
is particularly when an AI faces a situation that it does not have a lot of
familiarities it. On naturally written text, English grammar is taught, so it is good
at finding problems that arise naturally when people write. It is less effective at
treating sentences where errors have been purposely added because they do not
resemble errors that exist normally.
The mission of Grammarly is to allow users to be understood. But there is still
no single set of rules that in every case can function for every person. AI's
performance can mix all kinds of data and respond to the situation. After all,
language is complicated and messy. It is important to be versatile enough to
handle all the variables that go into good communication with any method that
seeks to make our use of language better. If we are interviewing for a job or
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Fitria “Grammarly” as AI-powered English Writing Assistant:
Students’ Alternative for Writing English
sending a joke to our buddies, the aim is to help the user communicate themselves
in the best way possible.
There are several previous studies related to Grammarly. The first research is
written by (Ghufron & Rosyida, 2018) entitled “The Role of Grammarly in
Assessing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Writing”. This study aims to
evaluate the use of grammar software and the effective terms compared to
instructor correction guidance in minimizing student errors in EFL writing. The
findings of the study confirm that the student's work is assessed by using grammar
have a substantial decrease in their mistakes relative to those work is evaluated by
the teacher (indirect corrective feedback). The program is more effective in
eliminating mistakes in terms of vocabulary usage (diction), language use
(grammar), and writing mechanics (spelling and punctuation). The second
research is written by (Dewi, 2019) entitled “The Effectiveness of Grammarly
Checker on Student's Writing Quality of English Department Students at IAIN
Tulungagung”. The goal of this study was to find a substantial difference in the
writing standard of the students amongst students who use and do not use the
Grammar Checker. The outcome indicates that the mean score of students in the
experimental category before using Grammar Checker was 63.78 and the mean
score of students after using Grammar Checker was 80.49. There is also a mean
score change in the test category from 68.57 to 73.57. The third research is written
by (Nova, 2018) entitled “Utilizing Grammarly in Evaluating Academic Writing:
A Narrative Research on EFL Students’ Experience”. In assessing academic
writing, this thesis aimed to recognize the attributes of the Grammar program as
an automatic writing assessment. The outcome showed that with clarification and
example, this software offered helpful color-coded reviews, accessibility of
account access, evaluation speed of a high rank, and free service for evaluating
and assessing academic writing. The fourth research is written by (Karyuatry,
2018) entitled “Grammarly as a Tool to Improve Students’ Writing Quality: Free
Online-Proofreader across the Boundaries”. This research aimed to recognize the
strengths and shortcomings of the grammar software as an automatic assessment
of writing. The outcome showed that with clarification and example, this
application offered valuable color-coded input, ease of account access, a high rate
of evaluation speed, and free service for evaluating academic writing. Further
study is required on the efficacy of the reviews offered by Grammarly in
enhancing the standard of writing for students. This research aims to find out if
the use of Grammar will increase the standard of writing relevant to descriptive
writing by the students. The results indicate that 32 (8 %) out of 40 students have
passed the grade as grammar is used in teaching writing. The researchers
concluded that Grammar can be used as an appropriate method to reduce mistakes
and enhance the writing standard of students. Fifth research is written by
(Fadhilah, 2018) entitled “Effectiveness of Grammarly Application for Writing
English Abstract”. The purpose of the study was to establish the effectiveness of
Grammarly application writing English abstract. The findings showed a pre-test
value of 64.86 with a standard deviation of 18.89 and a standard deviation of 6.82
with a post-test value of 85.72. The findings of the hypothesis test using a paired
t-test obtained a p-value of 0.00 (<0.05), which implies that the grammar
application was successful in writing English abstracts. Thus, Grammar was used
successfully as a method to enhance the writing of abstract English texts by
students relevant to the proper use of English grammar. The sixth research is
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(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)
METATHESIS: JOURNAL OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE LITERATURE AND TEACHING
p-ISSN: 2580-2712
Vol. 5, No. 1, April 2021 PP 65-78
e-ISSN: 2580-2720
DOI: 10.31002/metathesis.v5i1.3519
Research Method
This research uses qualitative descriptive research. Qualitative research is to
analyze a specific field or a small number of people or areas. Qualitative
researchers usually use theoretical or purposeful rather than probability sampling,
and seldom make explicit conclusions regarding the (Maxwell, 2005, p. 115).
Taylor (2005, p. 236) states that qualitative draws certain assumptions, the
assumptions are based upon the individuals.
In collecting data of this research by using document analysis. The document as
a term referring to a wide variety of printed, visual, digital, and physical content to
the study (Merriam, 2009, p. 139). The document here is a selected text taken from
the internet with the topic “Simple Present Tense” and “Simple Past Tense”. In
analyzing data in this research by using several ways such as choosing a text,
copying the text into Grammarly software, analyzing and describing the result in
the form of writing aspects such as spelling, punctuation, and grammar
descriptively.
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Fitria “Grammarly” as AI-powered English Writing Assistant:
Students’ Alternative for Writing English
Grammarly, the users can upload a file for checking, below the pictures of
Grammarly after the user has installed it. Below the beginning view of uploading
the document in Grammarly as follow:
The Grammarly document allows the user to compose text directly on the
document, download their Grammarly document as a text file, upload text, and
adjust the setting. After users register for a Grammarly account, users only need to
click, just upload the file or paste text that Grammarly wants to correct.
Automatically, this application will scan, check, and provide information on which
parts need to be corrected in the document. For checking the document,
Grammarly consists of two features both individual (free and premium version)
and team (business version), the description as follows:
70
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(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)
METATHESIS: JOURNAL OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE LITERATURE AND TEACHING
p-ISSN: 2580-2712
Vol. 5, No. 1, April 2021 PP 65-78
e-ISSN: 2580-2720
DOI: 10.31002/metathesis.v5i1.3519
Based on the picture above shows that checking English grammar by using the
Grammarly software requires an internet connection (data package) and by using
some of these online grammar check services. There are two service options that
users will find, namely the use of free and paid features. Free features can be used
for individuals, while paid can be used in ‘premium’ and ‘business’. Of course, the
free English grammar check service (free online grammar check) certainly has
limitations and also lacks service features, unlike the paid English grammar check
(premium) which has full advantages and benefits, many features, and complete. In
‘free’ feature related to basic writing suggestions such as in the aspect of spelling,
grammar, and punctuation. In a ‘premium’ feature related to the style, clarity
improvements, and additional advanced corrections. Then, in the ‘business’ feature
related to professional and clear communication for teams of 3 to 149.
The users/students can use the ‘free’ features which can correct the writing
aspect of spelling, punctuation, and grammar. The example as follows:
From the pictures above shows the errors such as in spelling, grammatical, and
punctuation error. In spelling, Grammarly eliminates spelling errors. For example,
in the sentence “I can assure you this won’t affect our timeline”. The word
“effect’ shows a spelling error, then Grammarly correct it by changing to other
words “affect”. In grammar, Grammarly eliminates the grammatical error. For
example, in the sentence “This video will showed you how to make a delicious
pizza”. The word “showed’ shows grammar error, then Grammarly correct it with
changing to other words “show” because the modal “will” must follow the Verb 1
as stated in the formula in the simple future tense. While, in punctuation,
Grammarly eliminates punctuation errors. For example, in the sentence “Good
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Fitria “Grammarly” as AI-powered English Writing Assistant:
Students’ Alternative for Writing English
morning.”. The word is correct but there is a space before the period then
Grammarly corrects it by removing a space before the period.
According to (Tucker, 2015, p. 159), the free version of Grammarly includes a
contextual spell checker and identifies grammar and punctuation errors. As
students compose emails with a Gmail account, the green Grammarly icon will
appear in the lower right-hand corner of their composition window. If they make
an error, the green icon turns red with a number corresponding to the number of
errors. This effectively alerts the students to the errors in their writing. The errors
are underlined in red, and Grammarly provides suggestions for correcting the
problems. The students must think critically about the suggestions to ensure they
are correct. Once students have a free Grammarly account, they can click the
Grammarly icon next to their browser window, start a new document, and
compose their writing directly in a Grammarly document. Alternatively, students
can upload a document, or copy and paste the text to check for errors, copy and
paste the text into grammar documents. Since the students use Google Docs, they
compose their writing originally in Google Docs and then copy and paste their
text into Grammarly to help them edit and revise their writing before the final
submission.
Following the slogan "Type with confidence", this application allows users to
type in English without worrying about wrong grammar. This application is a tool
who has s job is to detect spelling and grammar errors in English. The function of
Grammarly is to correct wrong writing. So automatically, Grammarly will tell you
where the error is and immediately correct it. Below the example of a text that
will be checked by using Grammarly as follow:
72
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(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)
METATHESIS: JOURNAL OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE LITERATURE AND TEACHING
p-ISSN: 2580-2712
Vol. 5, No. 1, April 2021 PP 65-78
e-ISSN: 2580-2720
DOI: 10.31002/metathesis.v5i1.3519
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Fitria “Grammarly” as AI-powered English Writing Assistant:
Students’ Alternative for Writing English
Below the table result both before and after using Grammarly, from this
example we will know the Grammarly performance, as follow:
The example of the text above shows that there is 15 correctness of 15 errors by
using Grammarly software in underlined black. Besides, Grammarly shows the
correctness of the word and the reason why the selected word is incorrect. In the
text, the word “calls” shows grammar error because the singular verb “calls” do
not fit with the plural subject friends. It needs to change the verb form for subject-
verb agreement. The word “born” also shows grammar errors because it seems that
we are missing a verb. It needs to add the linking verb ‘was’ to show the past
event. The word “22” shows a grammar error. It seems that preposition use may be
incorrect here., the correct word also “on 22”. The word “november” and
‘surakarta” also show the capitalization error. It refers the word “November” and
“Surakarta” are as proper noun in this context. It needs to capitalize this word
“November” because of refers to a proper noun. The word “i” show grammar
error. The pronoun I should always be capitalized. The word “playes” show
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METATHESIS: JOURNAL OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE LITERATURE AND TEACHING
p-ISSN: 2580-2712
Vol. 5, No. 1, April 2021 PP 65-78
e-ISSN: 2580-2720
DOI: 10.31002/metathesis.v5i1.3519
spelling error. The word “playes” is not in the dictionary. If we believe this
spelling is correct, we can add it to our dictionary to prevent error, or it can be
changed into the correct word “plays”. The word “amateur” shows grammar errors.
The noun phrase “amateur club” miss a determiner before it. It needs to add an
article ‘a’ or ‘the’ before the word “amateur”. The word “amateur” shows grammar
errors. The noun phrase “keeper” seems to be missing a determiner before it. It
needs to add an article ‘a’ or ‘the’ before the word “keeper”. The word “club”
shows a grammar error. The noun phrase club seems to be missing a determiner
before it. It needs to add an article ‘the’ before the word ‘club’. The word “since”
shows a grammar error. It shows that preposition use may be incorrect. The correct
preposition is ‘in’. The word “all tournament” shows a grammar error. It shows
that the tournament may not fit in number with other words in this phrase. The
correct phrase is “all tournaments”.
Grammarly is assistive software for correcting text in alignment with English
conventions. After the text is uploaded into the Grammarly cloud, the software
will analyze it by using several different algorithms and can identify a surprising
range of both grammar and style issues (Carter & Laurs, 2017). LornaMarie
(2018, p. 119) states that Grammarly is one of the world’s most accurate grammar
checkers. While according to Gitsaki & Coombe (2016, p. 227), Grammarly is
error detection and plagiarism software. Its plagiarism detection engine works and
operates by using a type of analysis such as identifying similarities between one’s
writing with others and the source commonly available or have uploaded on the
internet.
Grammarly also is capable of pinpointing weak paraphrases with only minor
text modifications. Roughton et al. (2019, p. 410) define that Grammarly as an
online writing tool that provides many resources to assist the users with
appropriate grammar and spelling checks, punctuation checks, vocabulary
enhancement, proper wording, and plagiarism check. Grammarly highlights the
error’s problem. It makes it easier for students to edit their writing successfully
and easier to identify other students’ errors. If the students become familiar with
the common errors they make in their writing, they are more likely to catch those
errors in the future (Tucker, 2015, p. 160).
There are many reasons why we choose Grammarly as the best online grammar
check tool. First, this tool is used by nearly 20 million internet users. This
astonishing number cannot be separated from the compatibility of Grammarly
when installed in popular browsers and Microsoft Office. Even this software also
provides a Grammarly Keyboard to be installed on a smartphone. Second,
Grammarly is free and easy to install. Once the extension is installed in the
browser, the indicator will appear in the lower right corner of the text editor. You
will know how many grammar mistakes we made. Any words that are written
incorrectly will be marked with a red line. To fix it, just hover over the word. Our
favorite feature of Grammarly is its ability to recognize technical terms, including
abbreviations and acronyms. For Grammarly, these terms will not be considered
as grammatical errors. If students want Grammarly to check other things besides
grammar and punctuation, you can take advantage of the Grammarly text editor.
This tool will later provide suggestions on the elements of formality, whether the
content is short and dense, and diction.
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Fitria “Grammarly” as AI-powered English Writing Assistant:
Students’ Alternative for Writing English
Conclusion
AI can correct documents accurately With the advent of AI, the role of a
company's editor can easily be replaced. One application that is widely used is
Grammarly. Grammarly application can correct English grammar that is not by
language rules. Grammarly is a tool that helps you correct your writing articles in
English. The company offers two services, free (for freelance/informal writing)
76
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METATHESIS: JOURNAL OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE LITERATURE AND TEACHING
p-ISSN: 2580-2712
Vol. 5, No. 1, April 2021 PP 65-78
e-ISSN: 2580-2720
DOI: 10.31002/metathesis.v5i1.3519
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