PROJECT TITLE: SMART HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING IOT

Project Overview:

The objective of this project is to design and implement a smart home automation system that allows
users to control and monitor their home appliances remotely using a smartphone application. The system
will use various sensors and communication modules to automate and enhance the functionality of home
appliances.

Project Components:

1. Microcontroller: An ESP8266 or Arduino board to act as the central control unit.

2. Sensors: Temperature, humidity, motion, and light sensors to collect environmental data.

3. Actuators: Relays and smart plugs to control home appliances like lights, fans, and air
conditioners.

4. Communication Modules: Wi-Fi module for internet connectivity and communication with the
smartphone app.

5. Smartphone Application: A mobile app (Android/iOS) to interface with the home automation
system.

6. Cloud Platform: A cloud service (such as AWS IoT or Google Firebase) to store data and facilitate
remote control and monitoring.

Project Phases:

Phase 1: Planning and Research

• Define Objectives: Clearly outline the goals and functionalities of the smart home automation
system.

• Literature Review: Study existing smart home systems, IoT protocols, and relevant technologies.

• Component Selection: Choose appropriate sensors, microcontrollers, communication modules,

and cloud services.

Phase 2: System Design

• Architecture Design: Design the overall system architecture, including hardware and software
components.

• Circuit Design: Create circuit diagrams for connecting sensors, actuators, and communication
modules to the microcontroller.

• Software Design: Plan the software architecture for both the microcontroller firmware and the
smartphone application.
Phase 3: Implementation

• Hardware Assembly:

• Connect the sensors and actuators to the microcontroller.

• Set up the Wi-Fi module for internet connectivity.

• Firmware Development:

• Write and upload the firmware to the microcontroller to read sensor data and control
actuators.

• Implement communication protocols (e.g., MQTT) for data exchange between the
microcontroller and the cloud.

• Mobile App Development:

• Develop the user interface (UI) for the smartphone app using tools like Android Studio or
Xcode.

• Implement features to control appliances, view sensor data, and receive notifications.

• Cloud Integration:

• Set up the cloud service to store sensor data and facilitate remote control.

• Implement the backend logic to process and manage data.

Phase 4: Testing and Debugging

• Unit Testing: Test individual components (sensors, actuators, microcontroller, app) to ensure they
work correctly.

• Integration Testing: Test the entire system to ensure seamless communication between the
microcontroller, cloud, and mobile app.

• Debugging: Identify and fix any issues or bugs in the system.

Phase 5: Deployment and Documentation

• System Deployment: Set up the smart home automation system in a real home environment.

• User Training: Create a user manual and provide training for using the system.

• Documentation: Prepare a detailed project report covering the objectives, design,

implementation, testing, and results.
1. Component Selection:

• Microcontroller: ESP8266 NodeMCU for its built-in Wi-Fi capability.

• Sensors: DHT11 (temperature and humidity), PIR motion sensor, LDR (light sensor).

• Actuators: 5V relays to control AC appliances.

• Communication Modules: Built-in Wi-Fi module of ESP8266.

• Cloud Platform: Google Firebase for real-time database and authentication.

2. Circuit Design and Assembly:

• Connect Sensors: Interface the DHT11, PIR, and LDR sensors to the GPIO pins of the ESP8266.

• Connect Actuators: Use relays connected to GPIO pins to control appliances.

• Power Supply: Ensure proper power supply for the ESP8266 and other components.

3. Firmware Development:

• Environment: Use Arduino IDE for writing and uploading code to ESP8266.

• Libraries: Use libraries for sensor data acquisition (e.g., DHT library for DHT11) and Firebase
communication.

• Code Structure:

• Setup: Initialize sensors, Wi-Fi connection, and Firebase.

• Loop: Continuously read sensor data, update Firebase, and check for control commands
from the app.
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <FirebaseArduino.h>
#include <DHT.h>

#define FIREBASE_HOST "your-firebase-host"

#define FIREBASE_AUTH "your-firebase-auth"
#define WIFI_SSID "your-SSID"
#define WIFI_PASSWORD "your-password"

#define DHTPIN D2
#define DHTTYPE DHT11
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

#define RELAY_PIN D1

void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
WiFi.begin(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASSWORD);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
 delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Firebase.begin(FIREBASE_HOST, FIREBASE_AUTH);
dht.begin();
pinMode(RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
float humidity = dht.readHumidity();
float temperature = dht.readTemperature();
if (isnan(humidity) || isnan(temperature)) {
Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!");
return;
}
Firebase.pushFloat("temperature", temperature);
Firebase.pushFloat("humidity", humidity);

if (Firebase.getInt("relay") == 1) {
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH);
} else {
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW);
}
delay(2000);
}

4. Mobile App Development:

• Environment: Use Android Studio (Java/Kotlin) or Xcode (Swift) for app development.

• Features:

• Login/Signup: Authenticate users using Firebase Authentication.

• Dashboard: Display real-time sensor data.

• Control Panel: Provide buttons to control appliances.

• Notifications: Send alerts for specific events (e.g., high temperature).

5. Cloud Integration:

• Firebase Setup:

• Create a Firebase project and configure the real-time database.

• Set up database rules and security.

• Database Structure:

• /temperature: Store temperature readings.

• /humidity: Store humidity readings.

 • /relay: Control relay state (0 or 1).

6. Testing and Debugging:

• Hardware Testing: Ensure all sensors and actuators are functioning correctly.

• Software Testing: Test the firmware and mobile app for bugs.

• Integration Testing: Test the entire system for smooth operation and communication.

7. Deployment and Documentation:

• Install System: Set up the system in a real environment and test its functionality.

• User Manual: Create documentation for users to understand and operate the system.

• Final Report: Document the entire project process, including objectives, design, implementation,
testing, and results.

Conclusion:

This project will provide a comprehensive learning experience in telecommunication engineering,

combining hardware interfacing, software development, and IoT integration. It will also demonstrate your
ability to design and implement a complex system, making you well-prepared for a career in the consumer
electronics industry.

Detailed Breakdown for the Smart Home Automation System Using IoT
1. Component Selection and Procurement

Microcontroller:

• ESP8266 NodeMCU: It's cost-effective, has built-in Wi-Fi, and is easy to program.

Sensors:

• DHT11: Measures temperature and humidity.

• PIR Motion Sensor: Detects movement.

• LDR (Light Dependent Resistor): Measures light intensity.

Actuators:

• Relay Modules: Control high voltage appliances (e.g., lights, fans).

Additional Components:

• Breadboard and jumper wires for prototyping.

• Power supply and voltage regulators (if necessary).

2. Circuit Design and Assembly

Circuit Diagram:
 • Create a detailed schematic showing connections between the ESP8266, sensors, relays, and
power supply.

• Ensure proper GPIO pin assignment on the ESP8266 for each component.

Assembly:

• Use a breadboard for initial testing and prototyping.

• Connect the DHT11 sensor to a digital pin.

• Connect the PIR sensor to another digital pin.

• Connect the LDR sensor to an analog pin.

• Connect the relay module to a digital pin (ensure it's able to handle the load of the appliances).

Example Circuit Connections:

DHT11
- VCC to 3.3V
- GND to GND
- Data to D2

PIR Sensor
- VCC to 5V (if compatible) or 3.3V
- GND to GND
- Output to D3

LDR
- One end to 3.3V
- Other end to A0 through a 10k resistor to GND (forming a voltage
divider)

Relay Module
- VCC to 5V
- GND to GND
- IN1 to D1

3. Firmware Development

Development Environment:

• Install Arduino IDE.

• Add ESP8266 board to the Arduino IDE (via Board Manager).

Libraries:

• Install necessary libraries (DHT, Firebase, etc.) via Arduino Library Manager.

Code Structure:

• Setup Function:
 • Initialize sensors.

• Connect to Wi-Fi.

• Initialize Firebase.

• Loop Function:

• Read sensor data.

• Send data to Firebase.

• Check Firebase for control commands.

• Actuate relays based on commands.

Example Firmware Code:

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <FirebaseArduino.h>
#include <DHT.h>

#define FIREBASE_HOST "your-firebase-host"

#define FIREBASE_AUTH "your-firebase-auth"
#define WIFI_SSID "your-SSID"
#define WIFI_PASSWORD "your-password"

#define DHTPIN D2
#define DHTTYPE DHT11
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

#define PIRPIN D3
#define LDRPIN A0
#define RELAY_PIN D1

void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
WiFi.begin(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASSWORD);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Firebase.begin(FIREBASE_HOST, FIREBASE_AUTH);
dht.begin();
pinMode(RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(PIRPIN, INPUT);
}

void loop() {
float humidity = dht.readHumidity();
float temperature = dht.readTemperature();
int motion = digitalRead(PIRPIN);
int lightLevel = analogRead(LDRPIN);
 if (isnan(humidity) || isnan(temperature)) {
Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!");
return;
}

Firebase.setFloat("temperature", temperature);
Firebase.setFloat("humidity", humidity);
Firebase.setInt("motion", motion);
Firebase.setInt("lightLevel", lightLevel);

if (Firebase.getInt("relay") == 1) {
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH);
} else {
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW);
}

delay(2000);
}

4. Mobile App Development

Development Environment:

• Use Android Studio for Android app or Xcode for iOS app.

App Features:

• Login/Signup: Use Firebase Authentication.

• Dashboard: Display real-time sensor data (temperature, humidity, motion, light).

• Control Panel: Buttons to control appliances.

• Notifications: Alerts for certain events (e.g., motion detected).

App Development Steps:

• UI Design: Use XML layouts (Android) or Storyboard (iOS) for interface design.

• Firebase Integration: Use Firebase SDKs for database and authentication.

• Realtime Data: Use Firebase Realtime Database to fetch and display sensor data.

• Control Commands: Implement functionality to send control commands to Firebase.

5. Cloud Integration

Firebase Setup:

• Create a Firebase project.

• Add the project to your mobile app.

 • Set up the Realtime Database.

• Configure authentication methods (e.g., email/password).

Database Structure Example:

{
"temperature": 0,
"humidity": 0,
"motion": 0,
"lightLevel": 0,
"relay": 0
}

Security Rules:

• Ensure your database rules only allow authenticated users to read/write data.

6. Testing and Debugging

Unit Testing:

• Test each sensor and actuator individually to ensure they work correctly.

Integration Testing:

• Test the entire system to ensure all components communicate and function together.

Debugging:

• Use Serial Monitor (Arduino IDE) for debugging firmware.

• Use logcat (Android Studio) or console (Xcode) for debugging the mobile app.

7. Deployment and Documentation

System Deployment:

• Set up the system in a home environment.

• Ensure reliable Wi-Fi coverage and power supply.

User Manual:

• Provide clear instructions on system setup, operation, and troubleshooting.

Final Report:

• Include sections on project objectives, system design, implementation, testing, results, and future
work.

Conclusion
This comprehensive project will showcase your skills in telecommunication engineering, particularly in
areas related to IoT, embedded systems, and software development. It will prepare you well for a career
in consumer electronics, demonstrating your ability to design and implement a complex, real-world
system.

MOBILE APP DEVELOPMENT USING ANDROID STUDIO

1. Set Up Firebase

1. Go to the Firebase Console and create a new project.

2. Add your Android app to the project by registering it and downloading the google-services.json
file.

3. Place the google-services.json file in the app directory of your Android project.

4. Add the following dependencies to your build.gradle file:

implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-auth:20.0.3'
implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-database:19.7.0'
implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-core:18.0.3'

2. XML Layout

Create a layout file activity_main.xml with the following content:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:padding="16dp"
tools:context=".MainActivity">

<TextView
android:id="@+id/textViewStatus"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Not Logged In"
android:textSize="18sp" />

<Button
android:id="@+id/buttonLogin"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Login" />

<Button
android:id="@+id/buttonLogout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:text="Logout"
android:visibility="gone" />

<TextView
android:id="@+id/textViewTemperature"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Temperature: "
android:textSize="18sp" />

<TextView
android:id="@+id/textViewHumidity"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Humidity: "
android:textSize="18sp" />

<TextView
android:id="@+id/textViewMotion"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Motion: "
android:textSize="18sp" />

<TextView
android:id="@+id/textViewLightLevel"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Light Level: "
android:textSize="18sp" />

<Switch
android:id="@+id/switchRelay"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Relay" />
</LinearLayout>

3. MainActivity Java Code

Create a MainActivity.java file with the following content:

package com.example.smarthome;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Switch;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import com.google.firebase.auth.FirebaseAuth;
import com.google.firebase.auth.FirebaseUser;
import com.google.firebase.database.DataSnapshot;
import com.google.firebase.database.DatabaseError;
import com.google.firebase.database.DatabaseReference;
import com.google.firebase.database.FirebaseDatabase;
import com.google.firebase.database.ValueEventListener;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";

private FirebaseAuth mAuth;

private FirebaseAuth.AuthStateListener mAuthListener;

private TextView textViewStatus;

private TextView textViewTemperature;
private TextView textViewHumidity;
private TextView textViewMotion;
private TextView textViewLightLevel;
private Button buttonLogin;
private Button buttonLogout;
private Switch switchRelay;

private DatabaseReference mDatabase;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

textViewStatus = findViewById(R.id.textViewStatus);
textViewTemperature = findViewById(R.id.textViewTemperature);
textViewHumidity = findViewById(R.id.textViewHumidity);
textViewMotion = findViewById(R.id.textViewMotion);
textViewLightLevel = findViewById(R.id.textViewLightLevel);
buttonLogin = findViewById(R.id.buttonLogin);
buttonLogout = findViewById(R.id.buttonLogout);
switchRelay = findViewById(R.id.switchRelay);

mAuth = FirebaseAuth.getInstance();
mDatabase = FirebaseDatabase.getInstance().getReference();

mAuthListener = new FirebaseAuth.AuthStateListener() {

@Override
public void onAuthStateChanged(@NonNull FirebaseAuth
firebaseAuth) {
 FirebaseUser user = firebaseAuth.getCurrentUser();
if (user != null) {
textViewStatus.setText("Logged in as: " +
user.getEmail());
buttonLogin.setVisibility(View.GONE);
buttonLogout.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
setupFirebaseDatabaseListeners();
} else {
textViewStatus.setText("Not Logged In");
buttonLogin.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
buttonLogout.setVisibility(View.GONE);
}
}
};

buttonLogin.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
// This example uses a default email and password. You
should implement a proper login mechanism.
mAuth.signInWithEmailAndPassword("test@example.com",
"password")
.addOnCompleteListener(MainActivity.this, task -> {
if (!task.isSuccessful()) {
Log.w(TAG, "signInWithEmail:failed",
task.getException());
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,
"Authentication failed.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
}
});

buttonLogout.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
mAuth.signOut();
}
});

switchRelay.setOnCheckedChangeListener((buttonView, isChecked) -> {

mDatabase.child("relay").setValue(isChecked ? 1 : 0);
});
}

@Override
public void onStart() {
super.onStart();
mAuth.addAuthStateListener(mAuthListener);
}

@Override
public void onStop() {
 super.onStop();
if (mAuthListener != null) {
mAuth.removeAuthStateListener(mAuthListener);
}
}

private void setupFirebaseDatabaseListeners() {

mDatabase.child("temperature").addValueEventListener(new
ValueEventListener() {
@Override
public void onDataChange(@NonNull DataSnapshot dataSnapshot) {
float temperature = dataSnapshot.getValue(Float.class);
textViewTemperature.setText("Temperature: " + temperature +
"°C");
}

@Override
public void onCancelled(@NonNull DatabaseError databaseError) {
Log.w(TAG, "loadPost:onCancelled",
databaseError.toException());
}
});

mDatabase.child("humidity").addValueEventListener(new
ValueEventListener() {
@Override
public void onDataChange(@NonNull DataSnapshot dataSnapshot) {
float humidity = dataSnapshot.getValue(Float.class);
textViewHumidity.setText("Humidity: " + humidity + "%");
}

@Override
public void onCancelled(@NonNull DatabaseError databaseError) {
Log.w(TAG, "loadPost:onCancelled",
databaseError.toException());
}
});

mDatabase.child("motion").addValueEventListener(new
ValueEventListener() {
@Override
public void onDataChange(@NonNull DataSnapshot dataSnapshot) {
int motion = dataSnapshot.getValue(Integer.class);
textViewMotion.setText("Motion: " + (motion == 1 ?
"Detected" : "Not Detected"));
}

@Override
public void onCancelled(@NonNull DatabaseError databaseError) {
Log.w(TAG, "loadPost:onCancelled",
databaseError.toException());
}
});
 mDatabase.child("lightLevel").addValueEventListener(new
ValueEventListener() {
@Override
public void onDataChange(@NonNull DataSnapshot dataSnapshot) {
int lightLevel = dataSnapshot.getValue(Integer.class);
textViewLightLevel.setText("Light Level: " + lightLevel);
}

@Override
public void onCancelled(@NonNull DatabaseError databaseError) {
Log.w(TAG, "loadPost:onCancelled",
databaseError.toException());
}
});

mDatabase.child("relay").addValueEventListener(new
ValueEventListener() {
@Override
public void onDataChange(@NonNull DataSnapshot dataSnapshot) {
int relayState = dataSnapshot.getValue(Integer.class);
switchRelay.setChecked(relayState == 1);
}

@Override
public void onCancelled(@NonNull DatabaseError databaseError) {
Log.w(TAG, "loadPost:onCancelled",
databaseError.toException());
}
});
}
}
Notes:

1. Firebase Authentication: The code uses a hardcoded email and password for simplicity. You
should implement a proper authentication mechanism.

2. Firebase Database Rules: Ensure your Firebase Realtime Database rules allow authenticated
users to read and write data.

3. Exception Handling: Add appropriate exception handling and user feedback mechanisms.

4. UI Enhancements: Consider improving the UI with more interactive and visually appealing
elements.

This example provides a basic framework for integrating Firebase with an Android application to control
and monitor a smart home system. Customize it further to fit your specific project requirements and
improve the user experience.

Below is a basic circuit diagram for connecting the components of the Smart Home Automation System
using IoT. This diagram illustrates how to connect the ESP8266 microcontroller, sensors (DHT11, PIR
motion sensor, LDR), relay module, and power supply:
Component Connections:

1. ESP8266 NodeMCU:

• VCC: Connect to the 3.3V pin.

• GND: Connect to the GND pin.

• DHT11 Data Pin (D2): Connect to pin D2.

• PIR Motion Sensor Data Pin (D3): Connect to pin D3.

2. DHT11 Sensor:

• VCC: Connect to the 3.3V pin.

• GND: Connect to the GND pin.

• Data: Connect to pin D2 of the ESP8266.

3. PIR Motion Sensor:

• VCC: Connect to the 5V pin (if compatible) or 3.3V pin.

• GND: Connect to the GND pin.

• Output: Connect to pin D3 of the ESP8266.

4. LDR (Light Dependent Resistor):

• One End: Connect to the 3.3V pin.

• Other End: Connect to pin A0 through a 10k resistor, forming a voltage divider.

5. Relay Module:

• VCC: Connect to the 5V pin.

• GND: Connect to the GND pin.

• IN1: Connect to pin D1 of the ESP8266.

Additional Notes:

• Ensure proper power supply connections and voltage levels for all components.

• Double-check the pin assignments and ensure they match the code and circuit diagram.

• Use appropriate resistors and voltage levels to avoid damaging the components.

• Consider using a breadboard for prototyping before soldering components onto a PCB.

• Test each component individually and verify their functionality before integrating them into the
final circuit.