EX1: Fill in the blanks and then translate into Vietnamese

1. In algebra, the signs ……………..(+) and …………….. (–) have their

ordinary meaning, indicating …………….. and subtraction and also serve to
distinguish between opposite kinds of numbers, …………….. (+) and negative (–).
In such an operation as +10 – 10 = 0, the minus sign means that the ……………..
10 is combined with the plus 10 to give a zero result or that 10 is ……………..
from 10 to give a zero remainder.
The so-called “double sign” (∓), which is read “……………..”, is
sometimes used. It means that the number or symbol which it precedes may be
“either plus …… minus” or “both plus ……….. minus”. As in arithmetic, the sign
(=) means “equals” or “……………………”.
The …………….. sign (×) has the same meaning as in arithmetic. In many
cases, however, it is omitted. A dot ( .) placed between any two …………….. a
little above the line (to distinguish it from a decimal point) is sometimes used as a
sign of multiplication.
The …………….. sign (÷ ) has the same meaning as in arithmetic. It is
6
frequently replaced by the fraction line; thus 3 means the same as 6÷3 and in both
cases the …………….. or …………….. is 2. The two dots above and below the
line in the division sign (÷) indicate the position of the …………….. and
denominator in a fraction, or the …………….. and …………….. in division.
Parentheses ( ), brackets [ ], braces { }, and other inclosing signs are used to
…………….. that everything between the two signs is to be treated as a single
quantity and any sign placed before it refers to everything inside as a whole and to
every part of the complete expression inside.
Hint: subtracted, divisor, result, positive, plus, and, addition, dividend, plus-
or-minus, plus, minus, or, is equal to, multiplication, quotient, numerator.

2. Factors: If two or more numbers (arithmetic or literal) are multiplied the

result of the multiplication is called a ……………... Each number that has been
multiplied to arrive at that product is called a …………….. of the product. For
example, since 2.7 = 14, the 2 and 7 are factors of their…………….., 14.
Similarly, the number 210 can be …………….. as 2.3.5.7. Two, three, five and
seven are called the prime factors of 210. A …………….. is a factor that is not
…………….. anything other than itself or unity. One factors 6 when he writes it
in the form 2.3. 30 has 2, 3 and 5 as factors. Consider the number 6ab, which can
be written as 2.3.a.b. Then 6ab has the following factors: 2, 3ab, a, b, 6 and so on.
 When a product is broken down into its factors, it is broken down into
numbers which, multiplied together, will …………….. the product. 2 and 2 are
factors of 4. 2 and x are factors of 2x.

Combining terms: An algebraic expression consists of one or more terms. If

an algebraic expression ……………….more than one term, as for example, 3a 2b
c, the terms are separated by plus (+) or minus (–)………………….
A term or a monomial consists of numbers connected only by signs of
multiplication or division. For example, 2xy and ab are terms or monomials. Thus,
the algebraic expression 3x – 2ab + 4 has 3 terms: 3x, 2ab and 4. The purpose of
adding or subtracting numbers or objects is to find out how many of the same kind
we have.
…………….. of 3ab and 7ab is 10ab, because 3ab’s and 7ab’s more like
them would yeild 10ab’s. However, 2a and 3b cannot be …………… because
these are unlike terms. Like terms have the same literal factors. Thus, 3a and 5a are
………………., and xy and 4xy are like terms. Unlike terms do not have the same
literal factors. 3d, 7x, 2y and 5xy are all…………………….

Hint: consists of, written, like terms , product, unlike terms , prime factor,
equal, factor, signs, products, added, divisible by, the sum.

EX2:
1. Write down set B of four consecutive odd numbers, in which the biggest number
is 31.
2. Apply properties of addition and multiplication to do quick calculation 86 plus
357 plus 14.
3. Do quick calculation of the sum of 996 plus 45 by applying the associative
property of addition.
4. What is the condition for the existence of the difference C minus D?
5. What is the remainder of division 14 by 3? Is this division evenly divisible?
6. What is the divided, divisor, quotien, and remainder in the division 25 by 6?
7. In the division by 2, the remainder can be 0 or 1. In division by 7, how can
remainders be?

EX3: Prove that the following statements, P(n), holds for all natural
numbers n.
EX4: Fill in the blank with the appropriate word and then translate
the following sentences into Vietnamese.
1. The number 5………………………… the set A be the set of natural numbers
less than 4.
2. Every natural number is represented by a point on ……………………………..
Of two points on a number ray, left point …………………. the smaller number.
For example, point 5 is on ………………. of point 3.
3. Number 4 is the ………………………. of 5, 5 is the ……………………….
of 4, 4 and 5 are …………………………………….. 25 ………. 27 are
increasing consecutive natural numbers.
4. In the division 25 by 6, 25 is the …………………….. , 6 is
………………………, 4 is ………………………, and 1 is
……………………………………
5. If the …………………… of two factors is equal to 0, then at least one factor
………………. 0
6. By ………………………………., we can Change the order of the terms of the
sum.
7. By ……………………………………….., to add a sum of two numbers to the
third number, we can add the first number to the sum of the second and the third
number.
8. To multiply a number by a sum, we can ………………….. that number by each
term of the sum, then add the answers up.

EX5:
a) Prove that the following statement, P(n), holds for all natural numbers n

b) Prove that , for all

c) Prove that: for all

EX6: Fill in the blank

1. …………… (x-1)(x+2) into x2+x-2.
2. …………………… x2+x-2 …………….. (x-1)(x+2).
3. ……………….. both side of …….. x = 4 …… …. 2x = 8.
4. ……………….. (x+1) …………. (x+1)2- 2(x+1)(x-2) ……………. (x+1)(-
x+5).
5. ……………....... (x+1) …………. (x+1)(x+2) = (x+1)(x+3) to get x+2=x+3.
6. …………........ x=2 …………………… 2x+y=3 to get y=-1.
7. ……………….. (2x+4)/2 …….. (x+2).

EX7: Translate into English.

1. Hệ phương trình bậc nhất hai ẩn.
2. Phương trình có nghiệm suy nhât:
3. Phương trình có vô số nghiệm:
4. Phương trình có hai nghiệm phân biệt:
5. Phương trình có nghiệm bội 2
6: Phương trình vô nghiệm
7. Chuyển 1 sang vế phải, ta được
8. Chia hai vế của phương trình cho 2 thu được
9. Biểu diễn x theo y:
10. Thế y= 2x+3 vào phương trình thứ nhất thu được:
11: Hệ có nghiệm (x,y) tính bởi công thức:
12. Cộng từng vế hai phương trình của hệ phương trình đã cho thu được:
13. Thay phương trình mới cho phương trình thứ nhất ta có hệ phương trình:
14. Phương trình bậc hai một ẩn
15: Giải phương trình bằng cách đặt nhân tử chung để đưa nó về phương trình tích:
16: Tách 12x thành 3.4x
17. Công thức nghiệm của phương trình bậc hai
18. Chuyển hạng tử tự do sang vế trái của phương trình
19. Biệt thức của phương trình bậc hai
20. Áp dụng công thức nghiệm để giải phương trình

EX8: Read the following passage and answer the questions below:
1) We have already learned two ways of writing fractional parts: common fractions
and decimal fractions. Another method is by using percents. Percent tells the
number of parts in every hundred. This number is followed by the percent sign
(%). The word “percent” and sign % actually refer to the denominator of a fraction
expressed as hundredths. When working with percent, we do not write the word,
but use the sign %, 20 percent is written 20% and so on. In working with problems
involving percentage we must be able to change percents to decimals and decimals
to percents.
We can change a percent to a decimal by dropping the percent sign and
moving the decimal point two places to the left. We can change a percent to a
common fraction with the given number as the numerator and 100 as a
denominator. One hundred percent of quantity is the entire quantity. To find a
percent of a number, change the percent to equivalent decimal fraction or common
fraction and multiply the number by the fraction. To find the percent of one
number from a second number, form a fraction in which the first number is the
numerator and the second number is the denominator. Divide the numerator into
the denominator and change the decimal fraction to a percent. To find a number
when a percent of it is known, change the percent to an equivalent decimal fraction
or common fraction, divide the given number by this fraction.
1. What methods are there for writing fractional parts?
2. Where do we put the percent sign?
3. What does the sign % actually refer to?
4. How do we change a percent to a decimal fraction?
5. How do we change a percent to a common fraction?
6. How do we find a number when a percent of it is known?
2) A fraction represents a part of one whole thing. A fraction indicates that
something has been cut or divided into a number of equal parts. In a fraction the
upper and lower numbers are called the terms of the fraction. The horizontal line
separating the two numbers in each fraction is called the fraction line. The top term
of a fraction or the term above the fraction line is called the numerator; the bottom
term or the term below the fraction line is called the denominator.
A common fraction is a number that has the numerator and the denominator
represented by numbers placed the one above, and the other below, a horizontal
line. If the numerator of a fraction is less than denominator the fraction is called a
proper fraction. The value of a proper fraction is always less than 1. If the
numerator of a fraction is equal to or larger than the denominator, the fraction is
called a improper fraction. The value of an improper fraction is equal to or larger
than 1. A number which consists of a whole number and a fraction is called a
mixed number.
For convenience and clarity a fraction must always be expressed in its
simplest form. That is, it must be reduced to its lowest terms. To reduce a fraction
to its lowest terms, divide the numerator and the denominator by the largest
number that will divide into both of the evenly. The process of crossing all
common factors out of numerator and denominator is called the reduction of a
fraction to its lowest terms. The greatest (largest) quantity which is a common
divisor of two or more quantities is called a greatest common divisor of these
quantities. It is written GCD.
1. What does a fraction indicate?
2. When is the fraction equal to 1?
3. What is a common fraction called?
4. What do we call mixed numbers?
5. How do you reduce a fraction to its lower terms?
6. What is the greatest quantity which is a common divisor of two or more
quantities is called?
3) A decimal fraction is a special type of fraction written without a
denominator (which is 10 or a power of 10) but in which the number of figures on
the right-hand side of a dot, called the decimal point, indicates whether the
2
denominator is 10 or a higher power of 10; e.g. 10 is written as a decimal in the
23 23
form 0.2, 100 as 0.23, and 1000 as 0.023.
If any figure of the number is moved one place to the left, the value of the
number is multiplied by 10.
To round off a decimal to a particular place, inspect the figure to the right of
the required place: if it is 5 or over, change the last required digit to the next higher
figure and drop all decimals to the right of the required figures, if it is less than 5,
drop all decimals to the right of the required figure.
To compare decimal fractions, annex zeroes so that the decimals have the
same number of places. A decimal fraction may be changed to a common fraction
by: leaving out the decimal point, writing the decimal number as the numerator and
the number shown by the name of the last decimal place as the denominator.
1. What is the decimal fraction?
2. How do we write decimal fractions?
 3. How do you round off a decimal to a particular place?
4. How do you compare decimal fractions?
5. How do you change decimal fractions?

6. What is the decimal fraction of the fraction ?

5) An equation is a statement of equality. The statement may be true for all values
of the letters. The value of the letters for which the equation is true is the root or
solution of the equation.
When a statement of equality of this kind is given, our interest is in finding
the value of the letter for which it is true. The following rules aid in finding the
root.
1. The roots of an equation remain the same if the same expression is added
to or subtracted from both sides of the equation.
2. The roots of an equation remain the same if both sides of the equation are
multiplied or divided by the same expression other than zero and not involving the
letter whose value is in question. The equation 2x = 4 where x is the unknown, is
true for x = 2. To illustrate the first of the above two rules, add 5x to both sides of
the equation 2x = 4. We get 2x + 5x = 4 + 5x which, like equation 2x = 4 is true for
only x = 2. To illustrate the importance of the restriction in the second of the above
two laws, multiply both sides of the equation by x and get (2x)x = (4)x which is
true not only for x = 2 but also for x = 0. It is always a good plan to check the
accuracy of one’s work by substituting the result in the original equation to see
whether the equation is true for his value.
Rule 1 is applied very frequently. It is, therefore, desirable to state it in a
way which mechanizes its application. If the equation 4x = 28 – 3x is given, in
applying Rule 1, 3x may be added to both sides of the equation, yielding 4x + 3x =
28 – 3x + 3x = 28. The result of the operation consists in omitting the term +3x to
the left side. We call this operation transposition of the term 3x. This operation is
an application of Rule 1 and may be explained in the following way: Any term of
one side of an equation may be transposed to the other side if its sign is changed.
Example: Find the value of x which satisfies 3x + 7(4 – x) + 6x = 15.
Clearing the parentheses and combining terms:
3x + 28 – 7x + 6x = 15
2x + 28 = 15
Transposing +28 from the left side:
2x = 15 – 28
2x = -13
Dividing each side by 2, according to Rule 2:
2 x −13 −13
= ; x=
2 2 2
 An equation which can be reduced to the form ax + b = 0 (a ≠ 0), is called a
linear equation in x. To solve an equation containing fractions, first reduce each
fraction to its lowest terms. Then multiply each side of the equation by the least
common denominator of all the denominators. This process is called clearing of
fractions.
A quadratic equation is one which can be reduced to the form ax2 + bx + c =
0 (a ≠ 0) where a, b and c are known and x is unknown.
1. What is an equation?
2. What is the value of the letters for which the equation is true called?
3. What should be done to keep the balance of the equation?
4. How do we check an equation?
5. What is an equation, which can be reduced to the form ax + b = 0 (a ≠ 0),
called?
6. How do we solve an equation containing fractions?

EX9: Translate the following problems into Vietnamese and present

their sollution in English:
1. Prove that the following statements, P(n), holds for all natural numbers n.

2. a) Solve the following equation:

2
12 x +13 x +7=12−4 x
2
2 x −7 x+3=0
b) Solve system of equations
(I ){3 x−2 y=5 2 x+ y=8
c) ) {3 x +2 y=7 2 x+ 3 y =3.

EX10:
1. Line l ………………………… ……………………….line
m.
(Lines l and m are …………………………………..).
2. Line a …………………………. line b. Line a …………………………. line b.
Lines a and b are …………………………..
3. If two lines intersect, their intersection is a point called the
…………………………………………………………...
4. Line p is ………………………………………. to line q). Lines p and q are
…………………………………………..

5. ^
xOy is

…………………………………………. (Hinh 1)
^
6. ( x O1 y ) is …………………………………………. (Hinh 2)
7. ( ^
x O 2 y ) is …………………………………………. (Hinh 3)
8. ( ^
x O3 y ) is ………………………………………….(Hinh 4)
9. Angle 3 and angle 5 are …………………………………..
angles.
10. Angle 1 and angle 7 are …………………………………
angles
11. Angle 1 and angle 2 are ………………………………….
angles.
12. Angle 2 and angle 6 are …………………………………..
angles.
13. Angle 5 and angle 7 are ………………………………….
angles.
11. CF is
………………………………………………………………………………………
12. BE is
………………………………………………………………………………………
13. AD is
………………………………………………………………………………………
….
14. …………………………………. is a triangle that has two equal sides. The
top vertex is called …………………………………….. and the bottom side is
called ……………………………………….....
15. …………………………………………is a triangle that has three equal
sides.
16. ………………………………………….. is a triangle that has one right
angle. The side opposite the right angle is called
…………………………………..
17. ………………………………………….. is a triangle that has three different
sides or all of its sides have different length.
18. ………………………………………. is a triangle which all of its internal
angles are acute angles.
19. …………………………………………………. is a triangle that has an
obtuse angle.

EX11: Translate the following problems into Vietnamese and

present their sollution in English:
a) Given right triangle ABC, and the angle bisector BD (D is on the
side AC).

(i) Calculate the ratio

(ii) Given that the length of AB is 12.5cm. Calculate the perimeter and the
area of triangle ABC.
b) Given trapezoid ABCD (AB // CD). The two diagonals AC and BD intersect each
other at O. Line a passing through O and parallel to the bases of the trapezoid
intersects the legs AD, BC at E and F respectively. Prove that OE = OF.
c) In the isosceles triangle ABC, BA and BC are congruent. M and N are points on
AC such that MA is congruent to MB and NB is congruent to NC. Show that
triangles AMB and CNB are congruent.
d) Let ABCD be a square. Let C’ be a point on BA and B’ be a point on AD such
that BB’ and CC’ are perpendicular. Show that triangles AB’B and BC’C are
congruent.
e) Given an equilateral triangle ABC. On the half plane edge BC not containing

vertex A, take point D so that DB=DC và

(i) Prove that ABDC is an inscribed quadrilateral.
(ii) Determine the center of the circle passing through four points A, B, D
and C.
f) Let ABC be a triangle (AC<BC) with squares BMNC and CPQA built outwardly
from this triangle. Prove that AN = BP.
g) Find the area of an equilateral triangle that has sides equal to a10 cm.
h) The hypotenuse of a right triangle is 4 times the smallest side. The third side is
. Find the hypotenuse and the smallest side.

k) On one side of angle , set segments OA = 5cm, OB = 16cm. On

the other side of the angle, set segments OC = 8cm, OD = 10cm.
(i) Prove that two triangles OCB and OAD are similar.
Call I the intersection point of AD and BC, prove that two triangles IAB and ICD
have angles which are congruent in pairs.
l) Write the equation of the tangent to the circle (C) at point M(3,4)

EX12:
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