Circle
Circle
Circle
4. CIRCLE 241-362
LEARNING PART Session 5
Session 1 — Tangents from a Point to the Circle
— Definition — Length of the Tangent from a Point to a Circle
— Equation of Circles in Different Forms — Power of a Point with Respect to a Circle
— Locus of the Mid-point of the Chords of the — Chord of Contact
Circle that Subtends an Angle of 2q at its Centre — Chord Bisected at a Given Point
Session 2 — Pair of Tangents
— Diametric Form of a Circle — Director Circle
— Equation of Circle Passing Through Three Non- Session 6
Collinear Points — Diameter of a Circle
Session 3 — Two Circles Touching Each Other
— Intercepts Made on the Axes by a Circle — Common Tangents to Two Circles
— Different Forms of the Equations of a Circle — Common Chord of Two Circles
— Position of a Point with Respect to Circle — Family of Circles
— Maximum and Minimum Distance of a Point Session 7
from the Circle
— Angle of Intersection of Two Circles
Session 4 — Radical Axis
— Intersection of a Line and a Circle — Radical Centre
— Product of the Algebraical Distances PA and — Co-axial System of Circles
PB is Constant when from P, A Secant be
— Limiting Point
Drawn to Cut the circle in the Point A and B
— Image of the Circle by the Line Mirror
— The Length of Intercept Cut-off from a Line by
a Circle PRACTICE PART
— Tangent to a Circle at a Given Point — JEE Type Examples
— Normal to a Circle at a Given Point — Chapter Exercises
CHAPTER
04
Circle
Learning Part
Session 1
● Definition ● Equation of Circle in Different Forms
● Locus of the Mid-point of the Chords of the Circle
that Subtends an Angle of 2q at its Centre
Session 2
● Diametric Form of a Circle ● Equation of Circle Passing Through Three
Non-Collinear Points
Session 3
● Intercepts Made on the Axes by a Circle ● Different Forms of the Equations of a Circle
● Position of a Point with Respect to Circle ● Maximum and Minimum Distance of a Point from
the Circle
Session 4
● Intersection of a Line and a Circle ● Product of the Algebraical Distances PA and PB is
● The Length of Intercept Cut-off from a Line by a Circle Constant when from P, A Secant be Drawn to Cut the
● Tangent to a Circle at a Given Point Circle in the Points A and B
● Normal to a Circle at a Given Point
Session 5
● Tangents from a Point to the Circle ● Length of the Tangent from a Point to a Circle
● Power of a Point with Respect to a Circle ● Chord of Contact
● Chord Bisected at a Given Point ● Pair of Tangents
● Director Circle
Session 6
● Diameter of a Circle ● Two Circles Touching Each Other
● Common Tangents to Two Circles ● Common Chord of Two Circles
● Family of Circles
Session 7
● Angle of Intersection of Two Circles ● Radical Axis
● Radical Centre ● Co-axial System of Circles
● Limiting Point ● Image of the Circle by the Line Mirror
Practice Part
● JEE Type Examples
● Chapter Exercises
P(x,y)
C B a
θ
X′ X
C (0, 0) M
P
A
AB = Chord, PQ = Diameter
where, C is centre of the circle. Y′
Chap 04 Circle 243
Hence, (a cos q, a sinq ) or ‘q’ are the parametric (ii) If g 2 + f 2 - c = 0, then the radius of circle will be real.
coordinates of the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 and x = a cos q Hence in this case, circle is called a point circle.
(iii) If g 2 + f 2 - c < 0, then the radius of circle will be
and y = a sinq are called parametric equations of the
imaginary number. Hence in this case, circle is called a
circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 with parameters a and q. virtual circle or imaginary circle.
(0 £ q < 2 p ). 4. Concentric circle Two circles having the same centre
C ( h, k ) but different radii r1 and r2 respectively are called
concentric circles. Thus, the circles ( x - h) 2 + ( y - k ) 2 = r12
Remarks and ( x - h) 2 + ( y - k ) 2 = r22, r1 ¹ r2 are concentric circles.
1. The parametric coordinates of any point on the circle
Therefore, the equations of concentric circles differ only in
( x - h) 2 + ( y - k ) 2 = a2 are given by ( h + a cos q, k + a sin q) constant terms.
( 0 £ q < 2p ) and parametric equations of the circle
( x - h) 2 + ( y - k ) 2 = a2 are x = h + a cos q, y = k + a sinq. y Example 1. Find the centre and radius of the circle
2. Equation of the chord of the circle x 2 + y 2 = a2 joining 2x 2 + 2y 2 = 3x - 5 y + 7
( a cos a, a sin a) and ( a cos b , a sinb ) is
Sol. The given equation of circle is
a+ bö æ a + b ö = a cos æ a - b ö .
x cos æç ÷ + y sin ç ÷ ç ÷ 2x 2 + 2y 2 = 3x - 5y + 7
è 2 ø è 2 ø è 2 ø
3 5 7
General form The equation of the circle with centre or x2 + y2 - x + y - = 0
2 2 2
(h, k ) and radius a is ( x - h ) 2 + (y - k ) 2 = a 2 If centre is (a , b ), then
or x 2 + y 2 - 2hx - 2ky + h 2 + k 2 - a 2 = 0 …(i) 1 æ 3ö 3
a = - ç- ÷ =
2 è 2ø 4
which is of the form
1 æ5ö 5
x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 ...(ii) and b = - ç ÷= -
2 è2ø 4
This is known as the general equation of a circle æ3 5ö
comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get \ Centre of circle is (a , b ) i.e. ç , - ÷
è4 4ø
h = - g, k = - f and a = ( g 2 + f 2 - c ) and radius of the circle
= a 2 + b 2 - (constant term)
\ Coordinates of the centre are ( - g, - f ) and
9 25 7 9 + 25 + 56 3 10
= + + = =
Radius = ( g 2 + f 2 - c ) ( g 2 + f 2 ³ c ) 16 16 2 16 4
y Example 2. Prove that the radii of the circles
Remarks
1. Rule for finding the centre and radius of a circle
x 2 + y 2 = 1, x 2 + y 2 - 2 x - 6 y = 6 and
(i) Make the coefficients of x 2 and y 2 equal to 1 and right x 2 + y 2 - 4x - 12 y = 9 are in AP.
hand side equal to zero.
Sol. Given circles are x2 + y2 = 1 ...(i)
(ii) Then, coordinates of centre will be ( a, b ),
2 2
1 1 x + y - 2x - 6y - 6 = 0 ...(ii)
where, a = - (coefficient of x) and b = - (coefficient of y)
2 2 and 2 2
x + y - 4 x - 12y - 9 = 0 ...(iii)
(iii) Radius = a2 + b 2 - (constant term)
Let r1, r2 and r3 be the radii of the circles Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii),
2. Conditions for a circle A general equation of second respectively.
degree Then, r1 = 1
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
r 2 = ( - 1) 2 + ( - 3) 2 + 6 = 4
in x, y represent a circle, if
(i) coefficient of x 2 = coefficient of y 2 and r 3 = ( - 2) 2 + ( - 6) 2 + 9 = 7
i.e. a= b
Clearly, r 2 - r1 = 4 - 1 = 3 = r 3 - r 2
(ii) coefficient of xy is zero
Hence, r1, r 2 , r 3 are in AP.
i.e. h=0
3. Nature of the circle Radius of the circle
y Example 3. Find the equation of the circle whose
x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is ( g 2 + f 2 - c)
centre is the point of intersection of the lines
Now. the following cases are possible :
2x - 3y + 4 = 0 and 3x + 4 y - 5 = 0 and passes
(i) If g 2 + f 2 - c > 0, then the radius of circle will be real. Hence
in this case, real circle is possible. through the origin.
244 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
In DBOM, sin60° =
BM
OB Locus of the Mid-point of
Þ BM = OB sin60° = (OB )
3 the Chords of the Circle that
\ BC = 2BM = 3 (OB )
2
...(iii)
Subtends an Angle of 2q at
\ Area of D ABC =
3
( BC )2
its Centre
4 Let mid-point M ( x 1 ,y 1 ) and centre, radius of circle are
3 (h,k ), r respectively, then
= 3 (OB )2 [from Eq. (iii)]
4
CM ( x 1 - h ) 2 + (y 1 - k ) 2
3 3 2 2
cos q = =
= (g + f - c ) sq units. r r
4
A
y Example 7. Find the parametric form of the equation
M
of the circle (x
1, y1 )
x 2 + y 2 + px + py = 0.
q
Sol. Equation of the circle can be re-written in the form q r
C (h , k ) B
2 2 2
æ pö æ pö p
ç x + ÷ + çy + ÷ =
è 2ø è 2ø 2
Therefore, the parametric form of the equation of the given
circle is
p p p ( x - h ) 2 + (y - k ) 2 - r 2
x=- + cos q = ( -1 + 2 cos q ) \ Required locus is = -sin2 q
2 2 2 2
r
p p p
and y=- + sin q = ( -1 + 2 sin q ) Remembering Method :
2 2 2
where, 0 £ q < 2p. First make coefficient of x 2 = coefficient of y 2 = 1
LHS of circle
y Example 8. If the parametric of form of a circle is and RHS of circle is zero, then = -sin2 q
(radius) 2
given by
(a) x = - 4 + 5 cosq and y = - 3 + 5 sin q y Example 9. Find the locus of mid-points of the
(b) x = a cosa + b sina and y = a sin a - b cos a chords of the circle 4 x 2 + 4 y 2 - 12x + 4 y + 1 = 0 that
find its cartesian form. 2p
Sol. (a) The given equations are
subtend an angle of at its centre.
3
x = - 4 + 5 cosq 2p p
and y = - 3 + 5 sinq Sol. Here, 2q = Þ q=
3 3
or ( x + 4 ) = 5 cos q …(i) Equation of circle can be written as
and (y + 3) = 5 sin q ...(ii) 1
x 2 + y 2 - 3x + y + = 0
Squaring and adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), then 4
( x + 4 ) 2 + ( y + 3) 2 = 52 \Required locus is
or ( x + 4 )2 + (y + 3)2 = 25 1
x 2 + y 2 - 3x + y +
(b) The given equations are 4 = - sin 2 æç p ö÷ = - 3
2 è3ø
æ 9 1 1ö 4
x = a cos a + b sin a ...(iii) ç + - ÷
y = a sin a - b cos a ...(iv) è 4 4 4ø
Squaring and adding Eqs. (iii) and (iv), then 1 27
Þ x 2 + y 2 - 3x + y +=-
x 2 + y 2 = (a cos a + b sin a )2 + (a sin a - b cos a )2 4 16
2 2
Þ x 2 + y 2 = a2 + b2 or 16( x + y ) - 48x + 16y + 31 = 0
246 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
3. The equation of the circle passing through (4, 5) having the centre at (2, 2) is
(a) x 2 + y 2 + 4x + 4y - 5 = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 - 4x - 4y - 5 = 0
(c) x 2 + y 2 - 4x - 13 = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 - 4x - 4y + 5 = 0
5. If the lines 3x - 4y + 4 = 0 and 6x - 8y - 7 = 0 are tangents to a circle, then the diameter of the circle is
3
(a) (b) 3
2
5
(c) (d) 5
2
p
6. Area of a circle in which a chord of length 2 makes an angle at the centre is
2
p p
(a) (b)
4 2
(c) p (d) 2p
7. The lines 2x - 3y - 5 = 0 and 3x - 4y = 7 are diameters of a circle of area 154 sq units, then the equation of the
circle is :
(a) x 2 + y 2 + 2x - 2y - 62 = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 + 2x - 2y - 47 = 0
(c) x 2 + y 2 - 2x + 2y - 62 = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 - 2x + 2y - 47 = 0
8. If the lines 2x + 3y + 1 = 0 and 3x - y - 4 = 0 lie along diameters of a circle of circumference 10p, then the
equation of the circle is
(a) x 2 + y 2 - 2x + 2y - 23 = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 - 2x - 2y - 23 = 0
(c) x 2 + y 2 + 2x + 2y - 23 = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 + 2x - 2y - 23 = 0
9. The triangle PQR is inscribed in the circle x 2 + y 2 = 25. If Q and R have coordinates (3, 4) and ( -4,3)
respectively, then ÐQPR is equal to
p p
(a) (b)
2 3
p p
(c) (d)
4 6
10. If a circle is concentric with the circle x 2 + y 2 - 4x - 6y + 9 = 0 and passes through the point ( -4, - 5), then its
equation is
(a) x 2 + y 2 + 4x + 6y - 87 = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 - 4x + 6y + 87 = 0
2 2
(c) x + y - 4x - 6y - 87 = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 + 4x + 6y + 87 = 0
Chap 04 Circle 247
11. Let AB be a chord of the circle x 2 + y 2 = r 2 subtending a right angle at the centre. Then, the locus of the
centroid of the DPAB as P moves on the circle is
(a) a parabola (b) a circle
(c) an ellipse (d) a pair of straight lines
12. Let PQ and RS be tangents extremities of the diameter PR of a circle of radius r. If PS and RQ intersect at a
point X on the circumference of the circle, then 2r equals
PQ + RS
(a) PQ × RS (b)
2
2PQ.RS (PQ )2 + (RS )2
(c) (d)
PQ + RS 2
15. Find the equation of the circle whose centre is (1, 2) and which passes through the point of intersection of
3x + y = 14 and 2x + 5y = 18.
16. Find the equation of the circle passing through the centre of the circle x 2 + y 2 - 4x - 6y = 8 and being
concentric with the circle x 2 + y 2 - 2x - 8y = 5 .
1 2
17. Prove that the locus of the centre of the circle ( x + y 2 ) + x cos q + y sin q - 4 = 0 is x 2 + y 2 = 1.
2
18. Find the equation of the following curves in cartesian form. If the curve is a circle, then find its centre and radius
x = - 1 + 2 cos a, y = 3 + 2 sin a (0 £ a < 2p )
Session 2
Diametric Form of a Circle, Equation of Circle
Passing Through Three Non-Collinear Points
x=3
x - x2
Since, Ð APB = 90°
\ Slope of AP ´ Slope of BP = -1 A y=1 B
(y - y 1 ) (y - y 2 ) (2, 1) (3, 1)
Þ ´ = -1
(x - x 1 ) (x - x 2 ) Then, A º (2, 1), B º (3, 1), C º (3, 2) and D º (2, 2)
Þ ( x - x 1 ) ( x - x 2 ) + (y - y 1 ) (y - y 2 ) = 0 Since, diagonals of squares are the diameters of the circle,
then equation of circle is
Remark ( x - 2) ( x - 3) + (y - 1)(y - 2) = 0
The diameteric form of a circle can also be written as Þ x 2 + y 2 - 5x - 3y + 8 = 0 (If AC as diameter).
x 2 + y 2 - x ( x1 + x 2 ) - y ( y1 + y2 ) + x1x 2 + y1 y2 = 0
y Example 12. The abscissae of two points A and B
or x 2 + y 2 - x (sum of abscissae) - y (sum of ordinates)
are the roots of the equation x 2 + 2ax - b 2 = 0 and
+ product of abscissae + product of ordinates = 0
their ordinates are the roots of the equation
y Example 10. Find the equation of the circle the end x 2 + 2px - q 2 = 0. Find the equation and the radius
points of whose diameter are the centres of the circles of the circle with AB as diameter.
x 2 + y 2 + 6 x - 14 y = 1 and x 2 + y 2 - 4 x + 10y = 2. Sol. Given equations are
x 2 + 2ax - b 2 = 0 ...(i)
Chap 04 Circle 249
O´
Equation of Circle Passing D
O
Applying R 1 ® R 1 - R 4 , R 2 ® R 2 - R 4 and R 3 ® R 3 - R 4 y Example 14. Find the equation of the circle passing
then, we get through the three non-collinear points (1, 1),(2, - 1) and
( 3, 2 ) .
x 2 + y 2 - x 23 - y 23 x -x3 y -y3 0
Sol. Let the equation of circle be
x 12 + y 12 - x 23 - y 23 x1 - x 3 y1 - y 3 0
=0 x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 ...(i)
x 22 + y 22 - x 23 - y 23 x2 - x 3 y2 - y 3 0
Since, the three given points lie on circle Eq. (i), we get
x 23 + y 23 x3 y3 1 1 + 1 + 2g + 2 f + c = 0
250 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
or 2g + 2 f + c + 2 = 0 ...(ii) Y
Þ 4 + 1 + 4g - 2f + c = 0
or 4g - 2f + c + 5 = 0 ...(iii) C(3,2)
Þ 9 + 4 + 6g + 4 f + c = 0
E
or 6g + 4 f + c + 13 = 0 ...(iv) (1, 1)
A
Subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (iii) and subtracting Eq. (iii)
from Eq. (iv), then O D
2g - 4 f + 3 = 0 ...(v) X´
O
X
and 2g + 6 f + 8 = 0 ...(vi) Y´
B(2,–1)
Solving Eq. (v) and Eq. (vi), we get
1 5 Let D and E are the mid-points of BC and CA, then
f =- and g = -
2 2 æ5 1ö æ 3ö
Now, from Eq. (ii), -5 - 1 + c + 2 = 0 D º ç , ÷ and E º ç2, ÷
è2 2ø è 2ø
\ c =4
2 - ( - 1)
Hence, from Eq. (i), equation of circle is Slope of BC = =3
3-2
x 2 + y 2 - 5x - y + 4 = 0
1
Aliter I Equation of circle passing through three points \ Slope of OD = -
3
(1, 1), (2, - 1) and (3, 2) is
1 1æ 5ö
x2 + y2 x y 1 \ Equation of OD, y - = - ç x - ÷
2 3 è 2ø
12 + 12 1 1 1
=0 Þ 6y - 3 = - 2x + 5
2 + ( - 1) 2
2
2 -1 1
\ 2x + 6y - 8 = 0 …(i)
32 + 22 3 2 1
or x + 3y - 4 = 0
x2 + y2 x y 1 1-2 1
and Slope of CA = =
Þ 2 1 1 1 =0 1-3 2
5 2 -1 1
\ Slope of OE = - 2
13 3 2 1
\ Equation of OE,
Applying R1 ® R1 - R 2 , R 3 ® R 3 - R 2 and R 4 ® R 4 - R 2 , 3
then y - = - 2 ( x - 2)
2
x2 +y2 -2 x -1 y -1 0
Þ 2y - 3 = - 4 x + 8
.
. Þ 4 x + 2y - 11 = 0 ...(ii)
.
2 ... 1 ... 1 ... 1 5 1
Solving Eq. (i) and Eq. (ii), we get x = and y =
. 2 2
Þ . =0
. æ5 1ö
3 1 -2 0 \ Circumcentre is ç , ÷ and radius
è2 2ø
.
. 2 2
. æ 5ö æ 1ö 5
11 2 1 0 OC = ç3 - ÷ + ç2 - ÷ =
è 2ø è 2ø 2
Expand with respect to fourth column, then \ Equation of circle is
x2 + y2 - 2 x - 1 y - 1 ( x - 5 / 2) 2 + ( y - 1 / 2) 2 = 5 / 2
3 1 -2 =0
11 2 1 Þ x 2 + y 2 - 5x - y + 4 = 0
Expand with respect to first now, then y Example 15. Show that the four points
( x 2 + y 2 - 2)(5) - ( x - 1)(25) + (y - 1)( -5) = 0 (1, 0), (2, - 7 ), (8, 1) and (9, - 6 ) are concyclic.
or x 2 + y 2 - 5x - y + 4 = 0 Sol. Since, the given four points are concyclic, we are to show
that they lie on a circle. Let the general equation of circle
Aliter II The centre of the circumcircle is the point of is
intersection of the right bisectors of the sides of the triangle
and the radius is the distance of the circumcentre from any x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 …(i)
of the vertices of the triangle.
Chap 04 Circle 251
has three parameters, it is sufficient to obtain the equation Now, subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (iii), we get
of the circle passing through any three of these points. For 52 + 2g - 14 f = 0
concyclic, the fourth point should lie on this circle.
or 26 + g - 7 f = 0 ...(v)
Let three points A (1, 0), B (2, - 7 ) and D (8, 1) lie on Eq. (i),
then and subtracting Eq. (iii) from Eq. (iv), we get
1 + 0 + 2g + 0 + c = 0 or 1 + 2g + c = 0 ...(ii) 12 + 12g + 16 f = 0
Y Þ 3 + 3g + 4 f = 0 ...(vi)
Solving Eq. (v) and Eq. (vi), we get
D (8, 1)
X´ X g = - 5 and f = 3
O A (1, 0)
From Eq. (ii), 1 - 10 + c = 0
\ c =9
Therefore, equation of circle passing through these points is
Y´ C (9, –6)
B (2, –7)
x 2 + y 2 - 10x + 6y + 9 = 0
Substituting the fourth point in the equation of this circle,
( 2) 2 + ( - 7 ) 2 + 2g ( 2) + 2 f ( - 7 ) + c = 0 we get
or 53 + 4 g - 14 f + c = 0 …(iii) (9 )2 + ( -6)2 - 10 (9 ) + 6 ( -6) + 9 = 0
2 2
and ( 8) + ( 1) + 2g ( 8) + 2 f ( 1) + c = 0 Hence, the point C (9, - 6) lies on the circle, that is, the four
Þ 65 + 16g + 2 f + c = 0 …(iv) points are concyclic.
2. If one end of a diameter of the circle 2x 2 + 2y 2 - 4x - 8y + 2 = 0 is (-1, 2), then the other end of the diameter is
(a) (2, 1) (b) (3, 2)
(c) (4, 3) (d) (5, 4)
3. If a circle passes through the points (0,0), (a, 0) and (0, b ), then centre of the circle is
a b
(a) (a,b ) (b) æç , ö÷
è 2 2ø
a b a b
(c) æç , ö÷ (d) æç , ö÷
è 2 4ø è 4 2ø
4. A circle passes through the points ( -1, 3) and (5, 11) and its radius is 5. Then, its centre is
(a) (-5, 0) (b) (-5, 7)
(c) (2, 7) (d) (5, 0)
5. The radius of the circle, having centre at (2, 1) whose one of the chord is a diameter of the circle
x 2 + y 2 - 2x - 6y + 6 = 0 is
(a) 3 (b) 2
(c) 1 (d) 3
6. The centre of the circle inscribed in the square formed by the lines x 2 - 8x + 12 = 0 and y 2 - 14y + 45 = 0 is
(a) (4, 7) (b) (7, 4)
(c) (9, 4) (d) (4, 9)
252 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
7. ABCD is a square whose side is a. The equation of the circle circumscribing the square, taking AB and AD as
the axes of reference is
(a) x 2 + y 2 + ax + ay = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 - ax + ay = 0
(c) x 2 + y 2 - ax - ay = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 + ax - ay = 0
8. The locus of the centre of the circle for which one end of the diameter is (3, 3) while the other end lies on the
line x + y = 4 is
(a) x + y = 3 (b) x + y = 5
(c) x + y = 7 (d) x + y = 9
9. The equation of the circle which passes through (1, 0) and (0, 1) and has its radius as small as possible is
(a) x 2 + y 2 + x + y = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 - x + y = 0
2 2
(c) x + y + x - y = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 - x - y = 0
10. If the points (2, 0), (0, 1), (4,5) and (0, c ) are concyclic, then the value of c is
(a) 1 (b) -1
14 14
(c) (d) -
3 3
11. The point on a circle nearest to the point P(2,1) is at a distance of 4 units and farthest point is (6, 5), then the
centre of the circle is
(a) (3 + 2, 2 + 2) (b) (2 + 2, 3 + 2)
(c) (4 + 2, 3 + 2) (d) (3 + 2, 4 + 2)
12. The intercept on the line y = x by the circle x 2 + y 2 - 2x = 0 is AB. Equation of the circle on AB as a diameter is
(a) x 2 + y 2 - x - y = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 - x + y = 0
(c) x 2 + y 2 + x + y = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 + x - y = 0
13. Find the equation of the circle, the end points of whose diameter are (2, - 3) and ( -2, 4). Find the centre and
radius.
14. If (4, 1) be an extremity of a diameter of the circle x 2 + y 2 - 2x + 6y - 15 = 0, find the coordinates of the other
extremity of the diameter.
15. Find the equation of the circle drawn on the diagonal of the rectangle as its diameter whose sides are
x = 4, x = - 2, y = 5 and y = - 2.
16. Find the equation of the circle which passes through the points (1, 1), (2, 2) and whose radius is 1.
17. Find the equation of the circle which passes through the points (3, 4), (3, - 6) and (1, 2).
Session 3
Intercepts Made on the Axes by a Circle, Different
Forms of the Equations of a Circle, Position of a Point
with Respect to Circle, Maximum and Minimum
Distance of a Point from the Circle
(0, y2)D
y Example 16. Find the equation of the circle whose
diameter is the line joining the points ( -4 , 3) and
(12, - 1) . Find also the intercept made by it on Y-axis.
(0, y1)C Sol. Equation of circle having ( -4, 3) and (12, - 1) as the ends
X´ X
O A B of a diameter is
(x1, 0) (x2, 0)
Y´ ( x + 4 ) ( x - 12) + (y - 3) (y + 1) = 0
Þ x 2 + y 2 - 8x - 2y - 51 = 0 ...(i)
The circle intersects the X-axis, when y = 0
Comparing Eq. (i) with standard equation of circle
then x 2 + 2 gx + c = 0 x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0
Since, the circle intersects the X-axis at A ( x 1 , 0 ) and then, g = - 4, f = - 1, c = - 51
B ( x 2 , 0) \ Intercept on Y-axis = 2 ( f 2
- c ) = 2 (1 + 51) = 4 13.
then, x 1 + x 2 = - 2 g, x 1 x 2 = c
\ | AB | = | x 2 - x 1 | = ( x 2 + x 1 ) 2 - 4 x 1 x 2
= 2 (g 2 - c )
Different Forms of the
and the circle intersects the Y-axis, when x = 0, then
Equations of a Circle
(i) When the circle passes through the origin
y 2 + 2 fy + c = 0
(0, 0) and has intercepts 2a and 2b on the
Since, the circle intersects the Y-axis at C (0, y 1 ) and
X-axis and Y -axis, respectively
D (0, y 2 )
Here, OA = 2a, OB = 2b
then, y 1 + y 2 = - 2 f , y 1y 2 = c
then, OM = a and ON = b
\ | CD | = | y 2 - y 1 | = (y 2 + y 1 ) 2 - 4y 2 y 1
Centre of the circle is C(a, b) and radius
= 2 (f 2 - c) OC = (a 2 + b2 )
254 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
Y Remark
If the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 touches the Y-axis, then
B
| - g| = g 2 + f 2 - c
C (α, β) or c = f2
N
β (iv) When the circle touches both axes
O α M X Here, | OM | = | ON |
A
Since, length of tangents are equal from any point on
then, equation of circle is circle.
( x - a ) 2 + (y - b) 2 = a 2 + b2 Y
or x 2 + y 2 - 2ax - 2by = 0
Remark α C (α, α)
If a circle is passing through origin, then constant term is absent N
i.e. x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy = 0 α
X
(ii) When the circle touches X-axis O M
Let (a, b) be the centre of the circle, then radius =| b |
\ Let centre is (a, a ) also radius = a
\ Equation of circle is
\ Equation of circle is ( x - a ) 2 + (y - a ) 2 = a 2
( x - a ) 2 + (y - b) 2 = b2
Y Þ x 2 + y 2 - 2ax - 2ay + a 2 = 0
Remarks
1. If the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 touches both the axes,
C (α, β)
then |- g| =| - f| = g 2 + f 2 - c
β
\ c = g2 = f 2
X \ g=f =± c
O M
\ Equation of circle is
x 2 + y2 ± 2 c x ± 2 c y + c = 0
Þ x 2 + y 2 - 2ax - 2by + a 2 = 0
Þ (x ± c )2 + ( y ± c )2 = c 2
Remark 2. If a > 0, then centres for I, II, III and IV quadrants are
If the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 touches the X-axis, then ( a, a),( - a, a),( - a, - a) and ( a, - a), respectively.
| - f| = g2 + f 2 - c or c = g2 Then, equation of circles in these quadrants are
( x - a) 2 + ( y - a) 2 = a2, ( x + a) 2 + ( y - a) 2 = a2,
(iii)When the circle touches Y-axis
( x + a) 2 + ( y + a) 2 = a2 and ( x - a) 2 + ( y + a) 2 = a2,
Let (a, b) be the centre of the circle, then
respectively.
radius = | a |
Y (v) When the circle touches X-axis and cut-off
intercepts on Y-axis of length 2l
Let centre be (a, b)
N α C (α, β) Y
P
X l
O α
C (α, β)
M
\ Equation of circle is l β
β
2 2 2
( x - a ) + (y - b) = a Q
α X
Þ x + y 2 - 2ax - 2by + b2 = 0
2 O N
Chap 04 Circle 255
X
O Q k M k
C
X
\ radius = a O (a, 0)
CN = CQ = a
In DCMQ, a 2 = b2 + k 2
\ radius = a
b = (a 2 - k 2 ) (for I quadrant)
\ Equation of circle is
\ Equation of circle is ( x - a ) 2 + (y - 0 ) 2 = a 2 or x 2 + y 2 - 2ax = 0
2 2 2 2 2
( x - a ) + (y - a - k ) = a (ix) When the circle passes through origin and
centre lies on Y-axis
Remarks
Q Length of intercept on X-axis of the circle
Let centre of circle be C (0, a )
2 2
x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is 2k = 2 ( g - c ) 2 Y
2 2
i.e. k =g -c
and also circle touches Y-axis
then, c = f2
\ k 2 = g 2 - f 2 = ( - g )2 - ( - f )2 C (0, a)
2 2 2
\ Locus of centre is x - y = k (rectangular hyperbola)
\ Equation of circle, if centre in I quadrant Since, the circle passes through the origin, we get c = 0 and
given the intercepts on X and Y axes are a and b
( x - 5)2 + (y - 4 )2 = 25
then, 2 ( g 2 - c ) = a
If centre in II, III and IV quadrant, then equations are
( x + 5)2 + (y - 4 )2 = 25, or 2 ( g 2 - 0) = a
2 2
( x + 5) + (y + 4 ) = 25 \ g = ± a /2
2 2
and ( x - 5) + (y + 4 ) = 25 and 2 (f 2
- c) = b
Hence, there are 4 circles which satisfy the given
2
conditions. They are or 2 (f - 0) = b
( x ± 5)2 + (y ± 4 )2 = 25 \ f = ± b /2
2 2
or x + y ± 10x ± 8y + 16 = 0 Hence, the equation of circle from Eq. (i) becomes
Aliter : Let the equation of the circle be x 2 + y 2 ± ax ± by = 0
x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 ...(i)
Since, the circle touches the Y-axis
y Example 19. Find the equation of the circle which
touches the axes and whose centre lies on the line
\ c =f2
x - 2y = 3 .
or f =± c
Sol. Since, the circle touches both the axes, let the radius of
Also given the circle makes an intercept of 6 units along the circle by a, then
X-axis. Therefore,
Case I If centre (a, a ) but given centre lies on
2 g2 - c = 6 x - 2y = 3
or g2 - c = 9 \ a - 2a = 3
\ a= -3
or g = ± (c + 9 )
\ Centre = ( -3, - 3)
Chap 04 Circle 257
the Circle
Let any point P ( x 1 , y 1 ) and circle Remark
If point P inside or outside or on the circle and centre of circle at
S º x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 ...(i) C and radius r, then minimum distance of P from the circle
=|CP - r| and maximum distance of P from the circle = CP + r
The centre and radius of the circle are
C ( -g, - f ) and ( g 2 + f 2 - c ) respectively y Example 24. Find the shortest and largest
distance from the point (2, - 7 ) to the circle
Case I If P inside the circle
In this case S 1 < 0 x 2 + y 2 - 14 x - 10y - 151 = 0
Sol. Let S º x 2 + y 2 - 14 x - 10y - 151 = 0
Q r = ( g 2 + f 2 - c ) = CA = CB
\ S1 = (2)2 + ( -7 )2 - 14 (2) - 10 ( -7 ) - 151 = - 56 < 0
Y
B
A
P
C
B C (7, 5)
X′ X
O
P
The minimum distance of P from circle = PA = CA - CP
A
= r - CP Y′
260 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
y Example 25. Find the points on the circle Now, point A divides CP in the ratio
x 2 + y 2 - 2x + 4 y - 20 = 0 which are farthest and AP CP - r 10 - 5
= = =1
AC r 5
nearest to the point ( -5,6 ).
\A is mid-point of CP.
Sol. The given circle is S º x 2 + y 2 - 2x + 4y - 20 = 0
æ 1 - 5 -2 + 6 ö
Let P º ( -5,6) \ Aºç , ÷
è 2 2 ø
P
or A º ( -2,2)
and C is the mid-point of AB.
A
r \ B º (2 ´ 1 - ( -2),2 ´ -2 - 2)
C r or B º ( 4, - 6)
Hence, point A( -2,2) is nearest to P and B ( 4, - 6) is farthest
B
from P.
2. 2 2
The circle x + y + 4x - 7y + 12 = 0 cuts an intercept on Y-axis is of length
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 7
3. The locus of the centre of a circle which passes through the origin and cuts-off a length 2b from the line x = c is
(a) y 2 + 2cx = b 2 + c 2 (b) x 2 + cx = b 2 + c 2 (c) y 2 + 2cy = b 2 + c 2 (d) x 2 + cy = b 2 + c 2
4. If a straight line through C( - 8, 8 ) making an angle of 135° with the X-axis cuts the circle x = 5cos q, y = 5sin q
at points A and B, then the length of AB is
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 8 (d) 10
5. If a circle of constant radius 3k passes through the origin and meets the axes at A and B, the locus of the
centroid of DOAB is
(a) x 2 + y 2 = k 2 (b) x 2 + y 2 = 2k 2 (c) x 2 + y 2 = 3k 2 (d) x 2 + y 2 = 4k 2
6. The centre of the circle touching Y-axis at (0, 3) and making an intercept of 2 units on positive X-axis is
(a) (10, 3 ) (b) ( 3, 10) (c) ( 10, 3) (d) (3, 10 )
7. A circle passes through the points A(1, 0) and B(5,0) and touches the Y-axis at C(0, l ). If ÐACB is maximum,
then
(a) |l |= 5 (b) |l |= 2 5 (c) |l |= 3 5 (d) |l |= 4 5
Chap 04 Circle 261
8. The equation of a circle whose centre is (3, - 1) and which intercept chord of 6 units length on straight line
2x - 5y + 18 = 0 is
(a) x 2 + y 2 - 6x + 2y - 28 = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 + 6x - 2y - 28 = 0
(c) x 2 + y 2 + 4x - 2y + 24 = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 + 2x - 2y - 12 = 0
9. The locus of the centre of a circle which touches externally the circle x 2 + y 2 - 6x - 6y + 14 = 0 and also
touches the Y-axis, is given by the equation
(a) x 2 - 6x - 10y + 14 = 0 (b) x 2 - 10x - 6y + 14 = 0
(c) y 2 - 6x - 10y + 14 = 0 (d) y 2 - 10x - 6y + 14 = 0
10. The locus of the centre of a circle of radius 2 which rolls on the outside of circle x 2 + y 2 + 3x - 6y - 9 = 0 is
(a) x 2 + y 2 + 3x - 6y + 5 = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 + 3x - 6y - 31 = 0
(c) x 2 + y 2 + 3x - 6y + 11 = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 + 3x - 6y - 36 = 0
11. The point ([ l + 1],[ l ]) is lying inside the circle x 2 + y 2 - 2x - 15 = 0. Then, the set of all values of l is (where [.]
represents the greatest integer function)
(a) [-2, 3] (b) (-2, 3) (c) [-2, 0) È (0, 3) (d) [0, 3)
12. The greatest distance of the point (10, 7) from the circle x 2 + y 2 - 4x - 2y - 20 = 0 is
(a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 15 (d) 20
13. Find equations to the circles touching Y-axis at (0, 3) and making intercept of 8 units on the X-axis.
14. Show that the circle x 2 + y 2 - 2ax - 2ay + a 2 = 0 touches both the coordinate axes.
15. If the point ( l, - l) lies inside the circle x 2 + y 2 - 4x + 2y - 8 = 0, then find range of l.
16. Find the equation of the circle which passes through the origin and cuts-off chords of lengths 4 and 6 on the
positive side of the X-axis and Y-axis, respectively.
Session 4
Intersection of a Line and a Circle, Product of the
Algebraical Distances PA and PB is Constant when X′
y=
O
mx
+c \ B 2 - 4 AC = 0
(0, 0)
Þ 4m 2 c 2 - 4 (1 + m 2 ) (c 2 - a 2 ) = 0
c2
\ a2 =
2
(1 + m 2 )
\ B - 4 AC > 0
|c |
or a=
or 4m c - 4 (1 + m ) (c 2 - a 2 ) > 0
2 2 2
(1 + m 2 )
2
c
or a2 > a = length of the perpendicular from the point (0, 0 ) to
1 +m2 y = mx + c
|c | Thus, a line touches the circle if radius of circle is equal to
or a> = length of perpendicular
(1 + m 2 ) the length of perpendicular from centre of the circle to the
line.
Chap 04 Circle 263
|c |
or a < = length of perpendicular from (0, 0 ) to
θ
1 +m2 P
(α, β)
y = mx + c
where, r is the algebraical distance of the point ( x , y ) from
or a < length of perpendicular from (0, 0 ) to y = mx + c
the point P (a, b) .
Thus, a line does not intersect a circle if the radius of
\ ( x , y ) = (a + r cos q, b + r sinq )
circle is less than the length of perpendicular from centre
of the circle to the line. If this point lies on the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0
or (a + r cos q ) 2 + (b + r sinq ) 2 + 2g (a + r cos q )
y Example 26. Find the points of intersection of the
+ 2 f (b + r sinq ) + c = 0
line 2x + 3y = 18 and the circle x 2 + y 2 = 25. 2
Þ r + 2r (a cos q + b sinq + g cos q + f sinq )
Sol. We have, 2x + 3y = 18 ....(i) + (a 2 + b2 + 2 ga + 2 f b + c ) = 0
2 2
and x + y = 25 ...(ii) This is quadratic equation in r, then PA and PB are the
18 - 2x roots of this equation.
From Eq. (i), y=
3 \ PA × PB = a 2 + b2 + 2 ga + 2 f b + c = constant
2
æ 18 - 2x ö
Substituting in Eq. (ii), then x 2 + ç ÷ = 25 Since, RHS is independent of q .
è 3 ø
Þ 9 x 2 + 4 (9 - x )2 = 225 Remark
Secants are drawn from a given point Ato cut a given circle at the
Þ 9 x 2 + 4 (81 - 18x + x 2 ) = 225 pairs of points P1, Q1 ; P2, Q2;...; Pn, Qn , then
Þ 13x 2 - 72x + 324 - 225 = 0 AP1 × AQ1 = AP2 × AQ2 = K = APn × AQn
Þ 13x 2 - 72x + 99 = 0
Þ ( x - 3) (13x - 33) = 0 The Length of Intercept
Þ x = 3 or x =
33
13
Cut-off from a Line by a Circle
56 Theorem : The length of the intercept cut-off from the
From Eq. (i), y = 4 or y =
13 line y = mx + c by the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 is
Hence, the points of intersection of the given line and the
æ 33 56 ö ìa 2 (1 + m 2 ) - c 2 ü
given circle are (3, 4 ) and ç , ÷. 2 í ý
è 13 13 ø î (1 + m 2 ) þ
264 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
ìa 2 (1 + m 2 ) - c 2 ü
\ PQ = 2 PM = 2 í ý P
î 1 +m2 þ
Draw perpendicular from O upon x - y + 2 = 0 is OM.
Remarks Equation of OM which is perpendicular to x - y + 2 = 0 is
1. If the line y = mx + c touches the circle x 2 + y 2 = a2, then x + y = l, it passes through ( -2, 1)
intercepted length is zero Then, -2 + 1 = l
2 2 2 \ l = -1
ïì a ( 1 + m ) - c ïü
i.e. PQ = 0 Þ2 í 2 ý=0
ïî 1+ m ïþ then equation of OM is x + y + 1 = 0
Since, M is the mid-point of PQ which is point of
\ c 2 = a2 ( 1 + m2 )
intersection of x - y + 2 = 0 and x + y + 1 = 0, coordinates of
which is the required condition for tangency. æ 3 1ö
M is ç - , ÷.
2. If a line touches the circle, then length of perpendicular è 2 2ø
from the centre upon the line is equal to the radius of the
circle. Aliter : Let M º (a , b ), then
a +2 b -1 ( - 2 - 1 + 2)
= =-
y Example 27. Find the length of the intercept on 1 -1 1+1
the straight line 4 x - 3y - 10 = 0 by the circle (Here, M is foot of perpendicular)
2 2 a +2 b -1 1
x + y - 2x + 4 y - 20 = 0. Þ = =
2 2
1 -1 2
Sol. Centre and radius of the circle x + y - 2x + 4y - 20 = 0 3 1
are (1, - 2) and 1 + 4 + 20 = 5 respectively. or a = - and b =
2 2
æ 3 1ö
\ M º ç- , ÷
è 2 2ø
then a2 = 5
Let OM be the perpendicular from O on the line
Chap 04 Circle 265
C
y = 2x + λ (–g, –f )
Q (x2 , y
2)
\ | CM | = 5
|0 - 0 + l | x 12 + y 12 + 2 gx 1 + 2 fy 1 + c = 0 ...(ii)
or = 5
4 +1 and x 22 + y 22 + 2 gx 2 + 2 fy 2 + c = 0 ...(iii)
|l|
Þ = 5 On subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (iii), we have
5
( x 22 - x 12 ) + (y 22 - y 12 ) + 2 g
Þ |l|=5
or l = ±5 ( x 2 - x 1 ) + 2 f (y 2 - y 1 ) = 0
Þ ( x 2 - x 1 ) ( x 2 + x 1 + 2 g ) + (y 2 - y 1 )
Tangent to a Circle at a (y 2 + y 1 + 2 f ) = 0
Given Point Þ
æ y2 - y1 ö
ç
æ x 1 + x 2 + 2g ö
÷ =-ç
è x2 - x1 ø è y1 + y2 + 2f ø
÷ ...(iv)
Let PQ be a chord and AB be a secant passing through P.
Let P be the fixed point and move along the circle towards Now, the equation of the chord PQ is
P, then the secant PQ turns about P. In the limit, when Q æ y - y1 ö
y - y1 = ç 2 ÷ (x - x 1 ) ...(v)
coincides with P, then the secant AB becomes a tangent to è x2 - x1 ø
the circle at the point P.
æ y - y1 ö
A Putting the value of ç 2 ÷ from Eq. (iv) in Eq. (v),
è x2 - x1 ø
P
then equation PQ becomes
A B
Q3 æ x + x 2 + 2g ö
y - y1 = - ç 1 ÷ (x - x 1 ) ...(vi)
Q2 è y1 + y2 + 2f ø
O Q1 Now, when Q ® P (along the circle), line PQ becomes
Q tangent at P, we have x 2 ® x 1 , y 2 ® y 1 . So, the equation
of tangent at P ( x 1 , y 1 ) is :
B
266 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
æ x + x 1 + 2g ö Remarks
y - y1 = - ç 1 ÷ (x - x 1 ) 1. For equation of tangent of circle at ( x1, y1 ), substitute xx1 for
è y1 + y1 + 2f ø x + x1 y + y1 xy + x1 y
x 2, yy1 for y 2, for x, for y and 1 for xy and
æx + gö 2 2 2
Þ y - y1 = - ç 1 ÷ (x - x 1 ) keep the constant as such.
èy1 + f ø
2. This method of tangent at ( x1, y1 ) is applied only for any
Þ (y - y 1 ) (y 1 + f ) + ( x - x 1 ) ( x 1 + g ) = 0 conics of second degree. i.e. equation of tangent of
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 at ( x1, y1 )
Þ xx 1 + yy 1 + gx + fy = x 12 + y 12 + gx 1 + fy 1
is axx1 + h( xy1 + x1 y ) + byy1 + g ( x + x1 ) + f ( y + y1 ) + c = 0
On adding gx 1 + fy 1 + c to both sides, we get
xx 1 + yy 1 + g ( x + x 1 ) + f (y + y 1 ) + c Wrong process : Mostly students use wrong process
Suppose any curve
= x 12 + y 12 + 2 gx 1 + 2 fy 1 + c = 0 [from Eq. (ii)]
ax 3 + by 3 = c
Þ xx 1 + yy 1 + g ( x + x 1 ) + f (y + y 1 ) + c = 0
or a ( x ) ( x 2 ) + b (y ) (y 2 ) = c
This is the required equation of the tangent PT to the
circle at the point ( x 1 , y 1 ). Equation of tangent at ( x 1 , y 1 )
Aliter : Since, circle is x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 æ x + x1 ö æy + y1 ö 2
Þ aç ÷ xx 1 + b ç ÷ yy 1 = c
è 2 ø è 2 ø
P ( x 1 , y 1 ) lie on the circle
\ x 12 +y 12 + 2 gx 1 + 2 fy 1 + c = 0 ...(i) which is a second degree conic not the equation of
tangent.
P (x1 , y )
1
T
Reason : This method is applicable only for second degree
conic, its a third degree conic. (find its tangent only by
calculus)
x cos q + y sinq = a q
X¢ X
Proof : The equation of tangent of x 2 + y 2 = a 2 at ( x 1 , y 1 ) O
y Example 35. Find the equations of the tangents to then, perpendicular distance from (0, 0) on Eq. (ii) = radius
the circle x 2 + y 2 = 9, which |l|
=3
(i) are parallel to the line 3 x + 4y - 5 = 0 3 + ( - 2) 2
2
Since, Eq. (i) is the tangent of Eq. (ii), then y Example 38. If lx + my = 1 touches the circle
C 2 = r 2 (1 + M 2 ) x 2 + y 2 = a 2 , prove that the point (l , m ) lies on the
(al + bm + n )2 æ l2 ö circle x 2 + y 2 = a -2 .
or = r 2 ç1 + 2 ÷
m2 è m ø
Sol. Since, lx + my = 1 touches the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 .
or (al + bm + n )2 = r 2 (l 2 + m 2 )
Then, length of perpendicular from (0, 0) on lx + my = 1 is
y Example 37. Show that the line 3x - 4 y = 1 touches equal to radius
| -1|
the circle x 2 + y 2 - 2x + 4 y + 1 = 0. Find the then, = a or l 2 + m 2 = a -2
l 2 + m2
coordinates of the point of contact.
Hence, locus of (l , m ) is x 2 + y 2 = a -2
Sol. The centre and radius of the circle
Aliter : Let the point of contact of line lx + my = 1 and
x 2 + y 2 - 2x + 4y + 1 = 0 are (1, - 2)
circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 is ( x 1, y1 ), then tangent of circle at
and ( -1) + (2)2 - 1 = 2 respectively. ( x 1, y1 ) is xx 1 + yy1 = a 2
Since, length of perpendicular from centre (1, - 2) on Since, xx 1 + yy1 = a 2 and lx + my = 1
3x - 4y = 1 is
x 1 y1 a 2
| 3 ´ 1 - 4 ´ ( -2) - 1 | 10 are identical, then = =
= l m 1
( 3) 2 + ( - 4 ) 2 5
\ x 1 = la 2 , y1 = ma 2
= 2 = radius of the circle
but ( x 1, y1 ) lie on x 2 + y 2 = a 2
Hence, 3x - 4y = 1 touches the circle
x 2 + y 2 - 2x + 4y + 1 = 0 then, l 2a 4 + m 2a 4 = a 2
Given Point x - x1
=
y - y1
ax1 + hy1 + g hx1 + by1 + f
The normal of a circle at any point is a straight line which
is perpendicular to the tangent at the point and always Corollary 1 : Equation of normal of x 2 + y 2 = a 2 at
passes through the centre of the circle. ( x 1 , y 1 ) is
x - x1 y - y1
=
Different form of the Equation of Normals 1× x 1 + 0 + 0 0 + 1× y 1 + 0
1. Point form : (Here, g, f = 0 and a = b = 1)
Theorem : The equation of normal at the point P ( x 1 , y 1 ) x - x1 y - y1
Þ =
to the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 is x1 y1
x - x1 y - y1 x y
= or =
x1 + g y1 + f x1 y1
6. The area of the triangle formed by the tangent at the point (a, b ) to the circle x 2 + y 2 = r 2 and the coordinate
axes is
r4 r4 r4 r4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2ab 2 | ab | ab | ab |
7. The equation of the tangent to the circle x 2 + y 2 + 4x - 4y + 4 = 0 which make equal intercepts on the positive
coordinate axes is
(a) x + y = 2 (b) x + y = 2 2 (c) x + y = 4 (d) x + y = 8
8. If a > 2b > 0, then the positive value of m for which y = mx - b (1+ m 2 ) is a common tangent to x 2 + y 2 = b 2
and ( x - a )2 + y 2 = b 2 is
2b (a 2 - 4b 2 ) 2b b
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2
(a - 4b ) 2 2b a - 2b a - 2b
p
9. The angle between a pair of tangents from a point P to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 16 is and locus of P is
3
x 2 + y 2 = r 2, then value of r is
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8
10. The normal at the point (3, 4) on a circle cuts the circle at the point ( -1, - 2). Then, the equation of the circle is
(a) x 2 + y 2 + 2x - 2y - 13 = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 - 2x - 2y - 11 = 0
(c) x 2 + y 2 - 2x + 2y + 12 = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 - 2x - 2y + 14 = 0
11. The line ax + by + c = 0 is a normal to the circle x 2 + y 2 = r 2. The portion of the line ax + by + c = 0 intercepted
by this circle is of length
(a) r (b) r (c) r 2 (d) 2r
3
12. If the line ax + by + c = 0 touches the circle x 2 + y 2 - 2x = and is normal to the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2x - 4y + 1 = 0,
5
then (a,b ) are
(a) (1, 3) (b) (3, 1) (c) (1, 2) (d) (2, 1)
13. 2
Show that for all values of q, x sin q - y cos q = a touches the circle x + y = a .2 2
15. Find the equation of the family of circle which touch the pair of straight lines x 2 - y 2 + 2y - 1 = 0.
16. Find the value of l so that the line 3x - 4y = l may touch the circle x 2 + y 2 - 4x - 8y - 5 = 0.
17. Show that the area of the triangle formed by the positive X-axis, the normal and tangent to the circle
x 2 + y 2 = 4 at (1, 3 ) is 2 3.
Session 5
Tangents from a Point to the Circle, Length of the
Tangent from a Point to a Circle, Power of a Point
with Respect to a Circle, Chord of Contact, Chord
Bisected at a Given Point, Pair of Tangents,
Director Circle
Tangent from a Point If P outside the circle, then substituting these values of m
in Eq. (ii), we get the equation of tangents.
to the Circle Aliter :
Theorem : From a given point two tangents can be drawn First write equation of line through ( x 1 , y 1 ) say
to a circle which are real, coincident or imaginary
y - y 1 = m (x - x 1 ) ...(i)
according as the given point lies outside,on or inside the
2 2 2
circle . which is tangent of the circle x + y = a , then
2 2 2
Proof : If circle is x +y =a ...(i) length of perpendicular from centre (0, 0 ) to Eq. (i) = radius
of the circle
any tangent to the circle Eq. (i) is
| mx 1 - y 1 |
y = mx + a (1 + m 2 ) …(ii) then, =a
(1 + m 2 )
If outside point is ( x 1 , y 1 )
or (mx 1 - y 1 ) 2 = a 2 (1 + m 2 )
then, y 1 = mx 1 + a 1 + m 2
2 2 2
or m 2 x 12 - 2m x 1 y 1 + y 12 = a 2 + a 2m 2
or (y 1 - mx 1 ) = a (1 + m )
Þ m 2 ( x 12 - a 2 ) - 2mx 1 y 1 + y 12 - a 2 = 0
or y 12 +m 2
x 12 2
- 2mx 1 y 1 = a + a m 2 2
which is quadratic in m which gives two values of m.
2
Þ m ( x 12 - a ) - 2mx 1 y 1 + y 12 - a 2 = 0
2
...(iii)
y Example 42. Find the equations of the tangents to
which is quadratic in m which gives two values of m.
the circle x 2 + y 2 = 16 drawn from the point (1, 4 ) .
(real coincident or imaginary) corresponding to any value
of x 1 and y 1 . Sol. Given circle is
The tangents are real, coincident or imaginary according x 2 + y 2 = 16 ...(i)
as the values of m obtained from Eq. (iii) are real, Any tangent of Eq. (i) in terms of slope is
coincident or imaginary. y = mx + 4 (1 + m 2 ) ...(ii)
or Discriminant >, =, or <0 which passes through (1, 4 )
Þ 4 x 12 y 12 - 4 ( x 12 - a 2 ) (y 12 - a 2 ) >, =, or < 0 then, 4 = m + 4 (1 + m 2 )
Þ ( x 12 + y 12 - a 2 ) >, = or < 0 Þ ( 4 - m )2 = 16 (1 + m 2 )
i.e. P ( x 1 , y 1 ) lies outside, on or inside the circle Þ 15m 2 + 8m = 0
x 2 + y 2 = a2. \ m = 0, -
8
15
Chap 04 Circle 275
Remarks
T 2 sin α 1. To find length of tangent
C (– 2, 3) let S = x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c
2 sin α then, S1 = x12 + y12 + 2gx1 + 2fy1 + c
where, P ( x1, y1 )
R \ length of tangent = S1
α
α 2. For S1 first write the equation of circle in general form i.e.
P (x1, y1) coefficient of x 2 = coefficient of y 2 = 1 and making RHS of
circle is zero, then let LHS by S.
Distance between P ( x 1, y1 ) and centre of circle C ( -2, 3) is
CP = ( x 1 + 2)2 + (y1 - 3)2 y Example 44. Find the length of tangents drawn
CT 2 sin a from the point ( 3, - 4 ) to the circle
In D PCT , sin a = =
CP ( x 1 + 2) 2 + ( y 1 - 3) 2 2x 2 + 2y 2 - 7 x - 9 y - 13 = 0.
or ( x 1 + 2) 2 + ( y 1 - 3) 2 = 2 Sol. The equation of the given circle is
2x 2 + 2y 2 - 7 x - 9y - 13 = 0
or ( x 1 + 2) 2 + ( y 1 - 3) 2 = 4
Re-writing the given equation of the circle
The required locus of P ( x 1, y1 ) is 7 9 13
( x + 2) 2 + ( y - 3) 2 = 4 i.e. x2 + y2 - x - y - =0
2 2 2
276 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
7 9 13 12
Let S = x2 + y2 - x- y- \ QM =
2 2 2 5
2 2 7 9 13 1
\ S1 = (3) + ( -4 ) - ´ 3 - ´ ( -4 ) - \ Area of D PQR = × QR × PM
2 2 2 2
21 13 1
= 25 - + 18 - = 43 - 17 = 26 = (2QM ) × PM = (QM ) ( PM )
2 2 2
\ Length of tangent = S1 = 26 æ 12 ö æ 16 ö 192
=ç ÷ç ÷=
è 5 ø è 5 ø 25
y Example 45. If the length of tangent from ( f , g ) to 17
=7 sq units
the circle x 2 + y 2 = 6 be twice the length of the 25
tangent from ( f , g ) to circle x 2 + y 2 + 3x + 3y = 0, then
y Example 47. Show that the length of the tangent
find the value of f 2 + g 2 + 4 f + 4 g .
from any point on the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0
Sol. According to the question to the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c 1 = 0 is (c 1 - c ) .
(g 2 + f 2
- 6) = 2 ( f 2
+ g 2 + 3 f + 3g )
Sol. Let ( x 1, y1 ) be any point on
On squaring g 2 + f 2
- 6 = 4f 2
+ 4 g 2 + 12 f + 12g
x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0
2 2
or 3f + 3g + 12 f + 12g + 6 = 0
2
then x 12 + y12 + 2gx 1 + 2 fy1 + c = 0 ...(i)
or f + g 2 + 4 f + 4g + 2 = 0
2
\ Length of tangent from ( x 1, y1 ) to the circle
or f + g 2 + 4 f + 4g = - 2
x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c 1 = 0 is
y Example 46. Show that the area of the triangle x 12 + y12 + 2gx 1 + 2 fy1 + c 1
formed by tangents from the point (4, 3) to the circle
= ( -c + c 1 ) = ( c 1 - c ) [From Eq. (i)]
x 2 + y 2 = 9 and the line segment joining their points of
17
contact is 7 square units in length.
25
Sol. Since, PQ = PR = 4 2 + 32 - 9 = 4 units
Power of a Point With
\ ÐCPQ = ÐCPR = a (let) Respect to a Circle
\ PC = ( 4 - 0) + (3 - 0) = 5 units 2 2 Theorem : The power of a point P ( x 1 , y 1 ) with respect to
the circle
Q 4 P (4, 3)
α x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 is S 1
α
3
M 4
where, S 1 = x 12 + y 12 + 2 gx 1 + 2 fy 1 + c
(0, 0) C
3
Proof : Let P ( x 1 , y 1 ) be a point outside the circle and PAB
R and PCD drawn two secants. The power of P ( x 1 , y 1 ) with
respect to
B
T
3
\In DPQC, tana = ,
4
A
3
\ sina =
5
4 D
C
and cosa = P (x 1, y 1)
5
In DPMQ, cosa =
PM 4
= S º x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0
4 5
16
is equal to PA × PB which is
\ PM =
5 x 12 + y 12 +2 gx 1 + 2 fy 1 + c = S 1
QM 3
and sina = = \ Power remains constant for the circle
4 5
Chap 04 Circle 277
y Example 48. Find the power of point (2, 4 ) with Then, equations of tangents PT and PT ¢ are
2 2
respect to the circle x + y - 6 x + 4 y - 8 = 0 xx ¢ + yy ¢ = a 2 and xx ¢ ¢ + yy ¢ ¢ = a 2 respectively.
Sol. The power of the point (2, 4 ) with respect to the circle Since, both tangents pass through P ( x 1 , y 1 ), then
2 2
x + y - 6 x + 4y - 8 = 0 is ( S 1 ) or S 1 2 x 1 x ¢ + y 1y ¢ = a 2
where, S = x 2 + y 2 - 6x + 4y - 8 and x 1 x ¢¢ + y 1 y ¢¢ = a 2
\ S1 = (2)2 + ( 4 )2 - 6 ´ 2 + 4 ´ 4 - 8 Q Points T ( x ¢ , y ¢ ) and T ¢ ( x ¢¢,y ¢¢ ) lie on
= 4 + 16 - 12 + 16 - 8 = 16 xx 1 + yy 1 = a 2
[Q(2, 4 ) is outside from the circle x 2 + y 2 - 6x + 4y - 8 = 0]
\ Equation of chord of contact TT ¢ is xx 1 + yy 1 = a 2
y Example 49. Show that the locus of the point, the
powers of which with respect to two given circles Remark
are equal, is a straight line. Equation of chord of contact like as equation of tangent at
that point but point different.
Sol. Let the given circles be
x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 ...(i) Now, for chord of contact at ( x 1 , y 1 ), replacing x 2 by
x 2 + y 2 + 2g 1x + 2 f 1y + c 1 = 0 x + x1 y + y1
and ...(ii) xx 1 , y 2 by yy 1 , x by , y by
Let P ( x 1, y1 ) be a point, the powers of which with respect 2 2
to the circles Eqs. (i) and (ii) are equal. Then, xy 1 + x 1 y
and xy by .
\ [ ( x 12 + y12 + 2gx 1 + 2 fy1 + c ) ]2 2
Corollary 1 : If R is the radius of the circle and L is the
= [ ( x 12 + y12 + 2g 1x 1 + 2 f 1y1 + c 1 ) ]2
length of the tangent from P ( x 1 ,y 1 ) on S = 0.
or x 12 + y12 + 2gx 1 + 2 fy1 + c
Here, L = S 1 , then
= x 12 + y12 + 2g 1x 1 + 2 f 1y1 + c 1
2 LR
Þ 2 ( g - g 1 ) x 1 + 2 ( f - f 1 ) y1 + c - c 1 = 0 (a) Length of chord of contact TT ¢ =
then, locus of P ( x 1, y1 ) is ( R 2 + L2 )
2 ( g - g1 ) x + 2 ( f - f 1 ) y + c - c1 = 0 (b) Area of triangle formed by the pair of tangents and its
which is a straight line. RL3
chord of contact =
R 2 + L2
Chord of Contact (c) Angle between the pair of tangents from P ( x 1 ,y 1 )
æ 2RL ö
From any external point, two tangents can be drawn to a = tan -1 ç ÷
è L2 - R 2 ø
given circle. The chord joining the points of contact of the
two tangents is called the chord of contact of tangents. Corollary 2 : Equation of the circle circumscribing the
Theorem : The equation of the chord of contact of triangle PTT ¢ is
tangents drawn from a point ( x 1 , y 1 ) to the circle ( x - x 1 )( x + g ) + (y - y 1 )(y + f ) = 0,
x 2 + y 2 = a 2 is xx 1 + yy 1 = a 2 .
where, O ( -g, - f ) is the centre of the circle
Sol. Let T ( x ¢ , y ¢ ) and T ¢ ( x ¢¢, y ¢¢ ) be the points of contact of x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fx + c = 0
2 2 2
tangents drawn from P ( x 1, y1 ) to x + y = a .
278 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
A π O (0, 0)
i.e. Required circle always passes through the centre of
2
the given circle (Here, OP is the diameter of the required
circle).
P (h, k) B
y Example 50. If the pair of tangents are drawn from
the point (4, 5) to the circle x 2 + y 2 - 4 x - 2y - 11 = 0, æ hx + ky ö
2
then, x 2 + y 2 = a2 ç ÷
then, è a2 ø
(i) Find the length of chord of contact. or a 2 ( x 2 + y 2 ) = (hx + ky )2
(ii) Find the area of the triangle formed by a pair of or x 2 (a 2 - h 2 ) - 2hkxy + y 2 (a 2 - k 2 ) = 0
tangents and their chord of contact. p
but Ð AOB =
(iii) Find the angle between the pair of tangents. 2
Sol. Here, P º ( 4,5), \ Coefficient of x 2 + Coefficient of y 2 = 0
R = ((2)2 + (1)2 + 11) = 4 Þ a 2 - h 2 + a 2 - k 2 = 0 or h 2 + k 2 = 2a 2
and L = S1 = (( 4 )2 + (5)2 - 4 ´ 4 - 2 ´ 5 - 11) = 2 y Example 53. The chord of contact of tangents drawn
(i) Length of chord of contact from a point on the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 to the circle
2LR 2´2´ 4 8 x 2 + y 2 = b 2 touches the circle x 2 + y 2 = c 2 . Show
= = = unit
2 2 2 2 5
(R + L ) ( 4 ) + ( 2) that a, b , c are in GP.
RL3 4 ´8 8 Sol. Let P (a cos q , a sin q ) be a point on the circle
(ii) Area of triangle = = = sq units
R + L2 16 + 4 5
2
x 2 + y 2 = a2.
(iii) Angle between the pair of tangents
Then, equation of chord of contact of tangents drawn from
æ2 ´ 4 ´ 2ö P (a cos q , a sin q ) to the circle x 2 + y 2 = b 2 is
= p + tan -1 ç 2 ÷
è 2 - 42 ø
æ4ö P T
= p - tan -1 ç ÷ (Q L < R)
è3ø
Chord Bisected at a y Example 55. Find the middle point of the chord
intercepted on line lx + my + n = 0 by the circle
Given Point x 2 + y 2 = a2.
Theorem : The equation of the chord of the circle Sol. Let ( x 1, y1 ) be the middle point of the chord intercepted
x 2 + y 2 = a 2 bisected at the point ( x 1 , y 1 ) is given by by the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 on the line lx + my + n = 0.
Then, equation of the chord of the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 ,
xx 1 + yy 1 - a 2 = x 12 + y 12 - a 2
whose middle points is ( x 1, y1 ), is
or T = S1 xx 1 + yy1 - a 2 = x 12 + y12 - a 2
Proof : Let any chord AB of the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 be or xx 1 + yy1 = x 12 + y12 ...(i)
bisected at D ( x 1 , y 1 ). Clearly, lx + my + n = 0 and Eq. (i) represented the same
If centre of circle is represented by C line,
x 1 y1 x 12 + y12
= = =l (say)
l m -n
x1 = l l ü
\ ...(ii)
A
y1 = mlýþ
C (0,0 )
D and x 12 + y12 = - nl
(x 1
,
y 1)
or l 2 l2 + m 2 l2 = - nl [from (ii)]
B
n
\ l=-
l 2 + m2
0 - y1 y1
then, slope of DC = = nl mn
0 - x1 x1 So, from Eq. (ii), x1 = - 2 2
, y1 = -
l +m l + m2
2
x1 æ nl nm ö
\ Slope of the chord AB is - Hence, the required point is ç - 2 ,- 2 ÷.
y1 è l +m 2
l + m2 ø
x1
then, equation of AB is y - y 1 = - (x - x 1 ) y Example 56. Through a fixed point (h, k ) , secants are
y1
drawn to the circle x 2 + y 2 = r 2 . Show that the locus
or yy 1 - y 12 = - xx 1 + x 12
of mid-point of the portions of secants intercepted by
or xx 1 + yy 1 = x 12 + y 12 the circle is x 2 + y 2 = hx + ky .
or xx 1 + yy 1 - a 2 = x 12 + y 12 - a 2 or T = S 1 Sol. Let P ( x 1, y1 ) be the middle point of any chord AB, which
passes through the point C (h , k ).
Remarks
1. The equation of chord of the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0,
which is bisected at ( x1, y1 ) ; is T = S1
where, T = xx1 + yy1 + g ( x + x1 ) + f ( y + y1 ) + c O
and S1 = x12 + y12 + 2gx1 + 2fy1 + c C (h, k)
B
2. The chord bisected at point ( x1, y1 ) is the farthest from the
y 1)
centre among all the chords passing through the point ( x1, y1 ). x 1,
P(
Also, for such chord, the length of the chord is minimum.
A
Y where, S = x 2 + y 2 - a 2 , S 1 = x 12 + y 12 - a 2
A and T = xx 1 + yy 1 - a 2
(h, k) Proof : The given circle is x 2 + y 2 = a 2
N
X′ X Its centre and radius are C (0, 0 ) and a respectively . Given
P (c, 0) external point be P ( x 1 , y 1 ).
B O
From point P ( x 1 ,y 1 ) two tangents PT and PR be drawn to
the circle, touching circle at T and R respectively.
Y′
T
(since distance of the vertices from middle a
point of the hypotenuse are equal) C (0, 0)
or ( NA ) = ( NB ) = (h - c )2 + (k - 0)2
2 2
...(i) (α, β) a
Þ ( x 2 + y 2 - a 2 ) ( x 12 + y 12 - a 2 ) = ( xx 1 + yy 1 - a 2 ) 2 Remarks
1. Equation of pair of tangents in notation form is SS1 = T 2
This is the required equation of pair of tangents drawn
where, S º x 2 + y 2 - a2
from ( x 1 , y 1 ) to circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 .
S1 º x12 + y12 - a2, T º xx1 + yy1 - a2
2 2 2
Aliter : Let circle be x + y = a with centre C (0, 0 ) and 2. When circle is x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 and tangents are
radius a. Length of tangents from P ( x 1 , y 1 ) and Q (a, b) drawn from ( x1, y1 ), then pair of tangents is
are ( x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c ) ( x12 + y12 + 2gx1 + 2fy1 + c)
= [ xx1 + yy1 + g ( x + x1 ) + f ( y + y1 ) + c ] 2
PT = x 12 + y 12 - a 2
where, S º x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c,
2 2 2
and QT = a + b - a S1 º x12 + y12 + 2gx1 + 2fy1 + c,
and T º xx1 + yy1 + g ( x + x1 ) + f ( y + y1 ) + c
T
a Advised for Students
M
β)
C (0,0) Students are advised that, if they do not want to use the
α,
N
Q(
T1
5
5
T2
C (– 2, –3 ) m 1m 2 = - 1
k - a2
2
S=0 Þ = - 1 or k 2 - a 2 = - h 2 + a 2
h2 - a 2
| - 2m + 3 + 2 - 3m |
Þ = 5 or h 2 + k 2 = 2a 2
2
( m + 1)
Hence, locus of P (h, k ) is x 2 + y 2 = 2a 2
or (5m - 5)2 = 5 (m 2 + 1)
Aliter : The combined equation of the pair of tangents
Þ 25m 2 - 50m + 25 = 5m 2 + 5
drawn from (h, k ) to x 2 + y 2 = a 2 is
Þ 20m 2 - 50m + 20 = 0
SS 1 = T 2
or 2m 2 - 5m + 2 = 0
or (2m - 1) (m - 2) = 0 where, S = x 2 + y 2 - a2
1 S 1 = h2 + k 2 - a 2
\ m = or m = 2
2
Substituting these values of m in Eq. (i), we get the and T = hx + ky - a 2
equations of two tangents are x - 2y + 1 = 0 and \ ( x 2 + y 2 - a 2 ) (h 2 + k 2 - a 2 ) = (hx + ky - a 2 ) 2
2x - y - 4 = 0.
This equation will represent a pair of perpendicular lines
if, coefficient of x 2 + coefficient of y 2 = 0
Director Circle Þ h 2 + k 2 - a 2 - h 2 + h 2 + k 2 -a 2 - k 2 = 0
Director circle : The locus of the point of intersection of Þ h 2 + k 2 - 2a 2 = 0 or h 2 + k 2 = 2a 2
two perpendicular tangents to a given circle is known as
its director circle. Hence, the locus of (h, k ) is x 2 + y 2 = 2a 2
Theorem : The equation of the director circle of the circle
Remarks
x 2 + y 2 = a 2 is
1. The equation of the director circle of the circle
x 2 + y 2 = 2a 2 ( x - h) 2 + ( y - k ) 2 = a2 is ( x - h) 2 + ( y - k ) 2 = 2a2
2. The equation of the director circle of the circle
Proof : The equation of any tangent to the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = g 2 + f 2 - c
x 2 + y 2 = a2 3. If two tangents are drawn from a point on the director circle to
2 the circle, then angle between tangents is 90°.
is y = mx + a (1 + m ) ...(i)
Let P (h, k ) be the point of intersection of tangents, then y Example 60. If two tangents are drawn from a point
P (h, k ) lies on Eq. (i) on the circle x 2 + y 2 = 50 to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 25,
then find the angle between the tangents.
\ k = mh + a (1 + m 2 )
Sol. Q x 2 + y 2 = 50 is the director circle of x 2 + y 2 = 25
or (k - mh ) 2 = a 2 (1 + m 2 ) q
Hence, angle between tangents = 90°
Chap 04 Circle 283
5. 2 2
The locus of the mid-points of a chord of the circle x + y = 4, which subtends a right angle at the origin is
(a) x + y = 1 (b) x 2 + y 2 = 1 (c) x + y = 2 (d) x 2 + y 2 = 2
6. The length of tangents from P(1, - 1) and Q(3,3) to a circle are 2 and 6 respectively, then the length of tangent
from R( -2, - 7) to the same circle is
(a) 41 (b) 51 (c) 61 (d) 71
p
7. If the angle between the tangents drawn to x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 from (0,0) is , then
2
(a) g 2 + f 2 = 3c (b) g 2 + f 2 = 2c (c) g 2 + f 2 = 5c (d) g 2 + f 2 = 4c
8. The chords of contact of the pair of tangents drawn from each point on the line 2x + y = 4 to the circle
x 2 + y 2 = 1 pass through a fixed point
1 1 1 1
(a) (2, 4) (b) æç - , - ö÷ (c) æç , ö÷ (d) (-2, - 4)
è 2 4ø è 2 4ø
9. The length of tangent from (0, 0) to the circle 2( x 2 + y 2 ) + x - y + 5 = 0 is
5 5
(a) 5 (b) æç ö÷ (c) (d) 2
è 2ø 2
10. The perpendicular tangents to the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 meet at P. Then, the locus of P has the equation
(a) x 2 + y 2 = 2a 2 (b) x 2 + y 2 = 3a 2 (c) x 2 + y 2 = 4a 2 (d) x 2 + y 2 = 5a 2
11. The tangents to x 2 + y 2 = a 2 having inclinations a and b intersect at P. If cot a + cot b = 0, then the locus of P is
(a) x + y = 0 (b) x - y = 0 (c) xy = 0 (d) xy = 1
12. The exhaustive range of values of a such that the angle between the pair of tangents drawn from (a,a ) to the
æp ö
circle x 2 + y 2 - 2x - 2y - 6 = 0 lies in the range ç , p ÷ is
è3 ø
(a) (-1, 3) (b) (-5, - 3) È (3, 5) (c) (-3, 5) (d) (-3, - 1) È (3, 5)
13. 2 2 2
Distances from the origin to the centres of the three circles x + y - 2lx = c , where c is a constant and l is
available, are in GP. Prove that the lengths of tangents drawn from any point on the circle x 2 + y 2 = c 2 to the
three circles are also in GP.
14. Find the area of the quadrilateral formed by a pair of tangents from the point (4, 5) to the circle
x 2 + y 2 - 4x - 2y - 11 = 0 and a pair of its radii.
15. If the length of the tangent from a point (f , g ) to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 be four times the length of the tangent
from it to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4x , show that 15f 2 + 15g 2 - 64f + 4 = 0 .
16. Find the equation of that chord of the circle x 2 + y 2 = 15 which is bisected at (3, 2).
17. The chords of contact of the pair of tangents to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 1 drawn from any point on the line
2x + y = 4 pass through the point ( a, b ), then find a 2 + b 2.
Session 6
Diameter of a Circle, Two Circles Touching
Each Other, Common Tangents to Two Circles,
Common Chord of Two Circles, Family of Circles
Diameter of a Circle Aliter : Let (h, k ) be the middle point of the chord
The locus of the middle points of a system of parallel y = mx + c of the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2
chords of a circle is called a diameter of the circle. then, T = S 1 Þ xh + ky = h 2 + k 2
Let the circle be x 2 + y 2 = a 2 and equation of parallel h
slope = - = m Þ h + mk = 0
chord is k
y = mx + c
Hence, locus of mid-point is x +my = 0.
, y 2)
B (x 2
y= Remark
m
x+ The diameter of circle always passes through the centre of the
c circle and perpendicular to the parallel chords.
P
O Let circle is x 2 + y 2 = a2 and parallel chord be y = mx + c, then
equation of line ^ to y = mx + c is
er
A (x1, y1)
et
m
my + x + l = 0 …(i)
a
Di
In such cases, the point of contact P divides the line \ C 1 º (1, 2),r1 = (1 + 4 ) or r1 = 5
joining C 1 and C 2 internally in the ratio r1 : r2 and C 2 º (0, 4 ),r 2 = 0 + 16 + 4 or r 2 = 2 5
Now, C 1C 2 = (1 - 0)2 + (2 - 4 )2
r1 r2 C 1C 2 = 5 = r 2 - r1
C1 P C2 Hence, the two circles touch each other internally.
Case I : When |C 1 C 2 | > r1 + r2 i.e. the distance between the How to find transverse common tangent
centres is greater than the sum of their radii.
Direct common
Direct common tangents
tangents D
D
Q
r2
P P´ C2 C2
r2
T
r1 r1 T Q
1
Transverse common
C1 tangent
C1
Transverse common
tangents
Remark
In this case circles neither cut nor touch i.e. Number of
solutions of two circles is zero.
Remark
Case II : When |C 1 C 2 | = r1 + r2 In this case circles cuts at two points i.e. Number of solutions of
two circles is two.
i.e. the distance between the centres is equal to the sum of
their radii. Case IV : When | C 1 C 2 | = |r1 - r2 |, i.e. the distance
In this case two direct common tangents are real and between the centres is equal to the difference of their
distinct while the transverse tangents are coincident. radii.
Chap 04 Circle 287
In this case two tangents are real and coincident while the
other two tangents are imaginary. (ii) | C1C 2 | = r1 + r 2 3
Remark
If circles touch each other externally, i.e.| C1C2| = r1 + r2, then (iii) | r1 - r 2 | <| C1C 2 |< r1 + r 2 2
equation of tangent at the point of contact is
S1 - S2 = 0
Tangent at the
point of contact
(iv) | C1C 2 | = | r1 - r 2 | 1
r2 C2
P
r1
C1
(v) | C1C 2 | <| r1 - r 2 | 0
In this case circles touch at one point. Length of External Common Tangent and
i.e. Number of solutions of two circles is one.
Internal Common Tangent to Two Circles
Case V : When | C 1 C 2 | < | r1 - r2 | , i.e. the distance Length of external common tangent Lex = d 2 - (r1 - r2 ) 2
between the centres is less than the difference of their
and length of internal common tangent
radii.
A
r1–r2 Lex
d B
D
r2 r1 r2 r
2
C1 d
C2 C2
C1 r1 r1
r1+ r2 Lin
r2
A¢ Lin
A¢¢
In this case, all the four common tangents are imaginary. Lin = d 2 - (r1 + r2 ) 2 (Applicable only when d > r1 + r2 )
Remark where, d is the distance between the centres of two circles
In this case circles neither cut nor touch each other i.e. Number and r1 ,r2 are the radii of two circles, when |C 1 C 2 | = d .
of solution of two circles is zero.
288 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
C2 (– 3, 1) or ( x - 3) 2 + ( y - 0) 2 = 9 …(i)
2 2
A and x + y + 2x = 0
or ( x + 1) 2 + ( y - 0) 2 = 1 …(ii)
C 1 (1, 3), r1 = 1 Centres and radii of circles Eqs. (i) and (ii) are C 1(3, 0), r1 = 3
and C 2 ( -1, 0), r 2 = 1, respectively.
and C 2 ( -3, 1),r 2 = 3 respectively.
\ C 1C 2 = (16 + 4 ) = 2 5 Q C 1C 2 = [3 - ( -1)]2 + 0 = 4
\ C 1C 2 > r1 + r 2 \ C 1C 2 = r1 + r 2
Chap 04 Circle 289
Hence, the two circles touch each other externally, y Example 66. Find the number of common tangents
therefore, there will be three common tangents. Equation of to the circles x 2 + y 2 - 8 x + 2y + 8 = 0 and
the common tangent at the point of contact is S1 - S 2 = 0
Þ ( x 2 + y 2 - 6x ) - ( x 2 + y 2 + 2x ) = 0 x 2 + y 2 - 2x - 6 y - 15 = 0.
Þ - 8x = 0 Sol. For x 2 + y 2 - 8x + 2y + 8 = 0
\ x =0 C 1 º ( 4, - 1), r1 = (16 + 1 - 8) = 3
L and for x + y 2 - 2x - 6y - 15 = 0
2
P C 2 º (1,3), r 2 = (1 + 9 + 15) = 5
M 3
1 Now, | C 1C 2 | = Distance between centres
1 3 (3, 0)
Q
C2 C1 = ( 4 - 1) 2 + ( - 1 - 3) 2 = 5
(–1, 0)
and r1 + r 2 = 3 + 5 = 8
R | r1 - r 2 | = |3 - 5| = 2
or | r1 - r 2 | <| C 1C 2 | < r1 + r 2
Hence, the two circles intersect at two distinct points.
Let the coordinates of Q be (h , k ), then Therefore, two tangents can be drawn.
QC 2 C 2 M 1
= =
QC 1 C 1L 3 y Example 67. Find the lengths of external and
\ QC 2 : QC 1 = 1 : 3
internal common tangents and also find the angle
between external common tangents and internal
1 × ( 3) - 3 × ( - 1)
\ h= = - 3 and k = 0 common tangents of the circles
1- 3
x 2 + y 2 + 2x - 8 y + 13 = 0 and x 2 + y 2 - 8 x - 2y + 8 = 0.
\ Q º ( - 3, 0)
Sol. The given circles are x 2 + y 2 + 2x - 8y + 13 = 0
Equation of line passing through Q( -3, 0) is
y - 0 = m( x + 3 ) Þ ( x + 1) 2 + ( y - 4 ) 2 = 22 …(i)
2 2
or mx - y + 3m = 0 …(iii) and x + y - 8x - 2y + 8 = 0
where, m is the slope of direct tangents since Eq. (iii) is the Þ ( x - 4 ) 2 + ( y - 1) 2 = 32 …(ii)
common tangent (direct) of the circles Eqs. (i) and (ii), then
Centres and radii of circles Eqs. (i) and (ii) are C 1( -1, 4 ),
Length of perpendicular from centre of Eq. (ii) i.e. (–1, 0) to
r1 = 2 and C 2 ( 4,1), r 2 = 3 respectively.
the Eq. (iii) = radius of circle Eq. (ii)
| -m - 0 + 3m | \ | C 1C 2 | = d = (25 + 9 ) = 34
Þ = 1 or 4m 2 = m 2 + 1
2
m +1 Þ d > r1 + r 2
Hence, the circles do not intersect to each other.
Þ 3m 2 = 1
\ Lex = d 2 - (r1 - r 2 )2 = 34 - 1 = 33
1
\ m=±
3 and Lin = d 2 - (r1 + r 2 )2 = (34 - 25) = 3
From Eq. (iii), common tangents are (direct) Angle between external common tangents
x x æ |r - r | ö æ 1 ö
y= + 3 and y = - - 3 = 2sin -1 ç 1 2 ÷ = 2sin -1 ç
3 3 ÷
è d ø è 33 ø
Hence, all common tangents are x =0 …(iv) and angle between internal common tangent
x
y= + 3 …(v) ær + r ö æ 5 ö
3 = 2sin -1 ç 1 2 ÷ = 2sin -1 ç ÷
è d ø è 33 ø
x
and y=- - 3 …(vi)
3
Let P,Q,R be the point of intersection of lines Eqs.(iv), (v);
(v), (vi) and (iv), (vi) respectively, then
Common Chord of Two Circles
P º (0, 3); Q º ( -3, 0) and R º (0, - 3) The chord joining the points of intersection of two given
circles is called their common chord.
Now, PQ = QR = RP = 2 3
Theorem : The equation of common chord of two circles
Hence, DPQR is an equilateral triangle thus common
tangents form an equilateral triangle. S º x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0
290 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
2. The equation of the family of circles passing through the and if m is infinite, the family of circles is
point of intersection of circle S = 0 and a line L = 0 is ( x - x 1 ) 2 + (y - y 1 ) 2 + l( x - x 1 ) = 0
given as
(where, l is a parameter)
S + lL = 0 (where, l is a parameter)
S + λL = 0
(x1, y1)
S=0 y – y1 = m (x – x1)
L=0
6. Equation of the circles given in diagram are
3. The equation of the family of circles touching the circle
S = 0 and the line L = 0 at their point of contact P is ( x - x 1 )( x - x 2 ) + (y - y 1 ) (y - y 2 )
S + lL = 0 (where, l is a parameter) ± cot q {( x - x 1 )(y - y 2 ) - ( x - x 2 )(y - y 1 )} = 0
S=0 L=0 θ
4. The equation of a family of circles passing through two y Example 69. Find the equation of the circle
given points P ( x 1 , y 1 ) and Q ( x 2 , y 2 ) can be written in
passing through (1, 1) and the points of intersection
the form
of the circles
x + y 2 + 13 x - 3 y = 0 and 2 x 2 + 2 y 2 + 4x - 7 y - 25 = 0.
2
Q (x2, y2 ) 7 25
or x 2 + y 2 + 2x - y - =0 …(ii)
2 2
Equation of any circle passing through the point of
intersection of the circles Eqs. (i) and (ii) is
( x - x 1 )( x - x 2 ) + (y - y 1 )(y - y 2 )
æ 7 25 ö
( x 2 + y 2 + 13x - 3y ) + l ç x 2 + y 2 + 2x - y - ÷ = 0 …(iii)
x y 1 è 2 2ø
+ l x1 y1 1 =0 Its passes through (1, 1), then
x2 y2 1 æ 7 25 ö
(1 + 1 + 13 - 3) + l ç1 + 1 + 2 - - ÷ = 0
è 2 2ø
(where, l is a parameter) Þ 12 + l ( -12) = 0 \ l = 1
5. The equation of family of circles which touch Substituting the value of l in Eq. (iii), the required
y - y 1 = m( x - x 1 ) at ( x 1 , y 1 ) for any finite m is equation is
7 25
( x - x 1 ) 2 + (y - y 1 ) 2 x 2 + y 2 + 13x - 3y + x 2 + y 2 + 2x - y - =0
2 2
+ l {(y - y 1 ) - m( x - x 1 )} = 0 13 25
Þ 2x 2 + 2y 2 + 15x - y - =0
2 2
Þ 4 x 2 + 4y 2 + 30x - 13y - 25 = 0
292 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
y Example 70. Find the equation of the circle passing y Example 72. Find the equation of the circle passing
through the point of intersection of the circles through points of intersection of the circle
x 2 + y 2 - 6 x + 2y + 4 = 0, x 2 + y 2 + 2x - 4 y - 6 = 0 x 2 + y 2 - 2x - 4 y + 4 = 0 and the line x + 2y = 4 which
and with its centre on the line y = x . touches the line x + 2y = 0.
Sol. Equation of any circle through the points of intersection Sol. Equation of any circle through points of intersection of
of given circles is the given circle and the line is
( x 2 + y 2 - 6x + 2y + 4 ) + l ( x 2 + y 2 + 2x - 4y - 6) = 0 ( x 2 + y 2 - 2x - 4y + 4 ) + l( x + 2y - 4 ) = 0
Þ x 2 (1 + l ) + y 2 (1 + l ) - 2x (3 - l ) + 2y (1 - 2l ) or x 2 + y 2 + ( l - 2)x + (2l - 4 )y + 4(1 - l ) = 0 …(i)
+ ( 4 - 6l ) = 0 It will touch the line x + 2y = 0, then solution of Eq. (i) and
2 x ( 3 - l ) 2y ( 1 - 2 l ) ( 4 - 6 l ) x = - 2y be unique.
or x 2 + y 2 - + + =0 …(i)
(1 + l ) (1 + l ) (1 + l) Hence, the roots of the equation
ì 3 - l 2l - 1ü ( -2y )2 + y 2 + ( l - 2)( -2y ) + (2l - 4 ) y + 4 (1 - l ) = 0
Its centre í , ý lies on the line y = x
î1 + l 1 + l þ or 5y 2 + 4(1 - l ) = 0
2l - 1 3 - l must be equal.
then = Þ l ¹ -1
1+ l 1+ l Then, 0 - 4 × 5 × 4(1 - l ) = 0 or 1 - l = 0 or l = 1
\ 2l - 1 = 3 - l or 3l = 4 From Eq. (i), the required circle is x 2 + y 2 - x - 2y = 0
\ l = 4 /3
y Example 73. Find the circle whose diameter is the
\Substituting the value of l = 4 / 3 in Eq. (i), we get the
required equation is common chord of the circles x 2 + y 2 + 2x + 3y + 1 = 0
7 x 2 + 7y 2 - 10x - 10y - 12 = 0 and x 2 + y 2 + 4 x + 3y + 2 = 0.
y Example 71. Find the equation of the circle Sol. Given circles are
passing through the points of intersection of the S º x 2 + y 2 + 2x + 3y + 1 = 0
circles x 2 + y 2 - 2x - 4 y - 4 = 0 and and S ¢ º x 2 + y 2 + 4 x + 3y + 2 = 0
x 2 + y 2 - 10x - 12y + 40 = 0 and whose radius is 4. Hence, their common chord is S - S ¢ = 0
Sol. Equation of the any circle through the points of Þ - 2x - 1 = 0 or 2x + 1 = 0 …(i)
intersection of given circles is Now, the required circle must pass through the point of
( x 2 + y 2 - 2x - 4y - 4 ) intersection of S and S¢ .
Hence, its equation is S + lS ¢ = 0
+ l( x 2 + y 2 - 10x - 12y + 40) = 0 2 2
Þ ( x + y + 2x + 3y + 1)
Þ x 2 ( 1 + l ) + y 2 ( 1 + l ) - 2x ( 1 + 5l )
+ l ( x 2 + y 2 + 4 x + 3y + 2) = 0
- 2y(2 + 6l ) - 4 + 40l = 0
Þ x 2 ( 1 + l ) + y 2 ( 1 + l ) + 2x ( 1 + 2l )
2 2 ( 1 + 5l ) (2 + 6l ) ( 40l - 4 )
or x + y - 2x - 2y + =0 + 3y (1 + l ) + (1 + 2l ) = 0
(1 + l ) (1 + l ) (1 + l )
( 1 + 2l ) ( 1 + 2l )
…(i) or x 2 + y 2 + 2x + 3y + = 0 …(ii)
Its radius (1 + l ) (1 + l )
2 2 æ 1 + 2l 3ö
æ 1 + 5l ö æ 2 + 6l ö æ 40l - 4 ö Its centre is ç - ,- ÷
ç ÷ +ç ÷ -ç ÷ =4 (given) è 1+ l 2ø
è1+ l ø è1+ l ø è 1+ l ø
But from Eq. (i), 2x + 1 = 0 is a diameter of this circle.
(1 + 5l )2 + (2 + 6l )2 - ( 40l - 4 )(1 + l ) Hence, its centre must lie on this line
Þ = 16
(1 + l )2 æ 1 + 2l ö
\ -2 ç ÷ +1=0
Þ 5l2 - 34 l - 7 = 0 è1+ l ø
or ( l - 7 ) ( 5l + 1) = 0 Þ -2 - 4 l + 1 + l = 0
1 Þ - 1 - 3l = 0
\ l = 7 or l = -
5 1
\ l=-
Substituting the values of l in Eq. (i), the required circles are 3
2x 2 + 2y 2 - 18x - 22y + 69 = 0 Hence, from Eq. (ii), the required circle is
and x 2 + y 2 - 2y - 15 = 0 2x 2 + 2y 2 + 2x + 6y + 1 = 0
Chap 04 Circle 293
y Example 74. If two curves, whose equations are Four concyclic points lie on a circle, then Eq. (i) represents
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 and a circle. Then,
coefficient of x 2 = coefficient of y 2 and coefficient of
a ¢ x 2 + 2h ¢ xy + b ¢ y 2 + 2g ¢ x + 2 f ¢ y + c ¢ = 0 intersect in xy = 0
a - b a¢ - b ¢ Þ a + la ¢ = b + lb ¢
four concyclic points, prove that =
h h¢ or ( a - b ) = - l( a ¢ - b ¢ ) …(ii)
Sol. The equation of family of curves passing through the and 2( h + h ¢ l ) = 0
points of intersection of two curves is h
or l=- …(iii)
(ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c ) h¢
+ l (a ¢ x 2 + 2h ¢ xy + b ¢ y 2 + 2g ¢ x + 2 f ¢ y + c ¢ ) = 0 Substituting the value of l from Eq. (iii) in Eq. (ii), then
a - b a¢ - b¢
or (a + la ¢ ) x 2 + 2xy (h + h ¢ l ) + (b + lb ¢ )y 2 =
h h¢
+ 2x ( g + l g ¢ ) + 2y ( f + lf ¢ ) + (c + l c ¢ ) = 0 …(i)
2. The number of common tangents that can be drawn to the circles x 2 + y 2 - 4x - 6y - 3 = 0 and
x 2 + y 2 + 2x + 2y + 1 = 0 is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
3. 2 2 2 2
If one of the circles x + y + 2ax + c = 0 and x + y + 2bx + c = 0 lies within the other, then
(a) ab > 0, c > 0 (b) ab > 0, c < 0
(c) ab < 0, c > 0 (d) ab < 0, c < 0
4. The condition that the circle ( x - 3)2 + ( y - 4)2 = r 2 lies entirely within the circle x 2 + y 2 = R 2 is
(a) R + r £ 7 (b) R 2 + r 2 < 49
(c) R 2 - r 2 < 25 (d) R - r > 5
5. The circles whose equations are x 2 + y 2 + c 2 = 2ax and x 2 + y 2 + c 2 - 2by = 0 will touch one another
externally, if
1 1 1 1 1 1
(a) + = (b) + =
b2 c2 a2 c2 a2 b2
1 1 1 1 1 2
(c) + = (d) + =
a2 b2 c2 b2 c2 a2
6. Two circles with radii r1 and r2, r1 > r2 ³ 2, touch each other externally. If q be the angle between the direct
common tangents, then
ær + r ö ær - r ö
(a) q = sin-1 ç 1 2 ÷ (b) q = 2 sin-1 ç 1 2 ÷
è r1 - r2 ø è r1 + r2 ø
ær - r ö
(c) q = sin-1 ç 1 2 ÷ (d) None of these
è r1 + r2 ø
7. The circles x 2 + y 2 - 10x + 16 = 0 and x 2 + y 2 = r 2 intersect each other in two distinct points if
(a) r < 2 (b) r > 8 (c) 2 < r < 8 (d) 2 £ r £ 8
9. Two circles x 2 + y 2 = 6 and x 2 + y 2 - 6x + 8 = 0 are given. Then, the equation of the circle through their points
of intersection and the point (1, 1) is
(a) x 2 + y 2 - 6x + 4 = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 - 3x + 1 = 0
2 2
(c) x + y - 4x + 2 = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 - 2x + 1 = 0
10. The equation of the circle described on the common chord of the circles x 2 + y 2 + 2x = 0 and x 2 + y 2 + 2y = 0
as diameter is
(a) x 2 + y 2 + x - y = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 - x + y = 0
(c) x 2 + y 2 - x - y = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 + x + y = 0
11. The equation of the diameter of the circle 3( x 2 + y 2 ) - 2x + 6y - 9 = 0 which is perpendicular to the line
2x + 3y = 12 is
(a) 3x - 2y + 3 = 0 (b) 3x - 2y - 3 = 0
(c) 3x - 2y + 1 = 0 (d) 3x - 2y - 1 = 0
13. Find the equation of the circle passing through the points of intersection of x 2 + y 2 + 13x - 3y = 0 and
2x 2 + 2y 2 + 4x - 7y - 25 = 0 and the point (1, 1).
15. Prove that the circles x 2 + y 2 + 2ax + 2by = 0 and x 2 + y 2 + 2a1x + 2b1y = 0 touch each other, if ab1 = a1 b .
16. Find the equations of common tangents to the circles x 2 + y 2 - 24x + 2y + 120 = 0 and
x 2 + y 2 + 20x - 6y - 116 = 0.
.
Session 7
Angle of Intersection of Two Circles, Radical Axis, X¢
Angle of Intersection of or
æ r 2 + r22 - d 2 ö
cos (180° - q ) = çç 1 ÷÷ (\ a = 180° - q )
Two Circles è 2r1 r2 ø
Let the two circles r12 + r22 - d 2
\ cosq = …(i)
S º x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 2r1 r2
and S ¢ º x 2 + y 2 + 2g 1 x + 2 f 1y + c 1 = 0 Orthogonal Intersection of Circles
intersect each other at the points P and Q.The angle q If the angle between the circles is 90°, i.e. q = 90°, then the
between two circles S = 0 and S ¢ = 0 is defined as the angle circles are said to be orthogonal circles or we say that
between the tangents to the two circles at the point of the circles cut each other orthogonally.
intersection. r12 + r22 - d 2
A´
Then, from Eq. (i), 0 =
B´ 2r1 r2
θ
0
S= P or r12 + r22 - d 2 = 0 or r12 + r22 = d 2
S´ = 0
r2
r1 α Þ g 2 + f 2 - c + g 12 + f 12 - c 1 = g 2 + f 2 + g 12
θ C2
d + f 12 - 2 gg 1 - 2 ff 1
C1
A
Q
or 2 gg 1 + 2 ff 1 = c + c 1
B
Remark
Equation of a circle cutting the three circles
C 1 and C 2 are the centres of circles x 2 + y 2 + 2gi x + 2fi y + ci = 0 ( i = 1, 2, 3) orthogonally is
S = 0 and S ¢ = 0, then x 2 + y2 x y 1
- c1 g1 f1 -1
C 1 º ( -g, - f ) and C 2 º ( -g 1 , - f 1 )
- c2 g 2 f2 -1
and radii of circles S = 0 and S ¢ = 0 are - c3 g 3 f3 -1
r1 = ( g 2 + f 2 - c ) and r2 = ( g 12 + f 12 - c 1 )
y Example 75. Find the angle between the circles
Let d = |C 1 C 2 | = Distance between their centres S : x 2 + y 2 - 4x + 6 y + 11 = 0
= ( -g + g 1 ) 2 + ( - f + f 1 ) 2 and S ¢ : x 2 + y 2 - 2 x + 8y + 13 = 0
Sol. Centres and radii of circles S and S¢ are
= ( g 2 + f 2 + g 12 + f 12 - 2 gg 1 - 2 ff 1 )
C 1(2, - 3), r1 = 2, C 2 (1, - 4 ), r 2 = 2.
æ r 2 +r 2 -d 2 ö æQa + q + 90° + 90° ö Distance between centres, d = | C 1C 2 |
Now, in DC1 PC 2 , cosa = çç 1 2 ÷÷ ç ÷
è 2r1 r2 ø è = 360° ø = ( 2 - 1) 2 + ( - 3 + 4 ) 2 = 2
296 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
If angle between the circles is q, then y Example 78. Find the equations of the two circles
r 2 + r 22 - d 2 which intersect the circles
cos q = 1
2r1r 2 x 2 + y 2 - 6 y + 1 = 0 and x 2 + y 2 - 4y + 1 = 0
2+ 4 -2 1 orthogonally and touch the line 3 x + 4y + 5 = 0.
cos q = =
2 × 2 ×2 2 Sol. Let the required circle be
\ q = 45°
x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 …(i)
y Example 76. Show that the circles and given circles are x 2 + y 2 - 6y + 1 = 0 …(ii)
x 2 + y 2 - 6 x + 4 y + 4 = 0 and and 2 2
x + y - 4y + 1 = 0 …(iii)
x 2 + y 2 + x + 4 y + 1 = 0 cut orthogonally. Since, Eq. (i) cuts Eq. (ii) and Eq. (iii) orthogonally
Sol. Comparing the given circles by general equation of circles \ 2g ´ 0 + 2 f ´ ( - 3) = c + 1
x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 or -6 f = c + 1 …(iv)
2 2 and 2g ´ 0 + 2 f ´ ( -2) = c + 1
and x + y + 2g 1x + 2 f 1y + c 1 = 0
then, g = - 3, f = 2, c = 4 or -4 f = c + 1 …(v)
1 Solving, Eqs. (iv) and (v), we get
and g 1 = , f 1 = 2, c 1 = 1 f = 0 and c = - 1
2
Then, given circles cut orthogonally, if From Eq. (i), x 2 + y 2 + 2gx - 1 = 0 …(vi)
2gg 1 + 2 ff 1 = c + c 1 2
centre and radius of Eq. (vi) are ( -g , 0) and ( g + 1),
1 respectively.
We have, 2 ´ ( - 3) ´ + 2 ´ 2 ´ 2 = 4 + 1
2 Since, 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 is tangent of Eq. (vi), then length of
Þ -3 + 8 = 5 or 5 = 5. perpendicular from ( -g , 0) to this line = radius of circle
| - 3g + 0 + 5|
Hence, the given circles cut each other orthogonally. or = ( g 2 + 1)
(9 + 16)
y Example 77. Find the equation of the circle which
cuts the circle x 2 + y 2 + 5x + 7 y - 4 = 0 orthogonally, | - 3g + 5| = 5 ( g 2 + 1)
has its centre on the line x = 2 and passes through the or ( -3g + 5)2 = 25( g 2 + 1)
point (4, - 1) . or 9 g 2 + 25 - 30g = 25g 2 + 25
Sol. Let the required circle be
or 16g 2 + 30g = 0
x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 …(i)
15
Since, ( 4, - 1) lie on Eq. (i), then \ g = 0 and g = -
8
17 + 8g - 2 f + c = 0 …(ii)
Equations of circles are from Eq. (vi),
Centre of Eq. (i) is (- g , - f )
15
Since, centre lie on x = 2 then - g = 2 x 2 + y 2 - 1 = 0 and x 2 + y 2 - x -1=0
\ g = -2 …(iii) 4
From Eq. (ii), 1 - 2 f + c = 0 …(iv) or x 2 + y 2 - 1 = 0 and 4 x 2 + 4y 2 - 15x - 4 = 0.
and given circle is
y Example 79. Prove that the two circles, which
x 2 + y 2 + 5x + 7y - 4 = 0 …(v)
Given the circles Eqs. (i) and (v) cut each other
pass through (0, a) and (0, - a ) and touch the line
orthogonally, y = mx + c , will cut orthogonally, if c 2 = a 2 (2 + m 2 )
5 7
\ 2g ´ + 2 f ´ = c - 4 Sol. Let the equation of the circles be
2 2
or 5g + 7 f = c - 4 x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + d = 0 …(i)
-10 + 7 f = c - 4 [from Eq. (iii)] Since, these circles pass through (0, a ) and (0, - a ), then
or -6 + 7 f - c = 0 …(vi) a 2 + 2 fa + d = 0 …(ii)
Solving Eqs. (iv) and (vi), we get and a 2 - 2 fa + d = 0 …(iii)
f = 1 and c = 1 2
Solving, Eq. (ii) and Eq. (iii), we get f = 0 and d = - a .
Substituting the values of g, f, c in Eq. (i), we get
Substituting these values of f and d in Eq. (i), we obtain
x 2 + y 2 - 4 x + 2y + 1 = 0 x 2 + y 2 + 2gx - a 2 = 0 …(iv)
Chap 04 Circle 297
C1 C2 C1 C2
C1 L C2
C1 C2 A B A
C1 C
C1 C2 2
Intersecting circles
The position of the radical axis of the two circles If the two circles touch each other externally or
geometrically is shown below: internally, then A and B coincide. In this case the
P (x1, y1) common tangent itself becomes the radical axis.
(iv) The radical axis of three circles taken in pairs
B are concurrent : Let the equations of three circles be
A
R
S 1 º x 2 + y 2 + 2g 1 x + 2 f 1y + c 1 = 0 …(i)
2 2
S 2 º x + y + 2g 2 x + 2 f 2y + c 2 = 0 …(ii)
C1 C2
Q
S= 0
S 3 º x 2 + y 2 + 2g 3 x + 2 f 3y + c 3 = 0 …(iii)
S´ = 0 The radical axis of the above three circles taken in
From Euclidian geometry pairs are given by
( PA ) 2 = PR × PQ = ( PB ) 2 S 1 - S 2 º 2 x ( g 1 - g 2 ) + 2y ( f 1 - f 2 )
+ c 1 - c 2 = 0 …(iv)
(ii) The radical axis is perpendicular to the straight
S 2 - S 3 º 2 x ( g 2 - g 3 ) + 2y ( f 2 - f 3 )
line which joins the centres of the circles :
+ c 2 - c 3 = 0 …(v)
Consider, S º x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 …(i) S 3 - S 1 º 2 x ( g 3 - g 1 ) + 2y ( f 3 - f 1 )
and S 1 º x 2 + y 2 + 2g 1 x + 2 f 1y + c 1 = 0 …(ii) + c 3 - c 1 = 0 …(vi)
Since, C 1 º ( -g, - f ) and C 2 º ( -g 1 , - f 1 ) are the Adding Eqs. (iv), (v) and (vi), we find LHS vanished
centres of the circles Eqs. (i) and (ii), then slope of identically. Thus, the three lines are concurrent.
-f + f f - f1 (v) If two circles cut a third circle orthogonally, the
C 1C 2 = 1 = = m1 (say) radical axis of the two circles will pass through
-g 1 + g g - g 1
the centre of the third circle.
Equation of the radical axis is OR
2( g - g 1 ) x + 2 ( f - f 1 )y + c - c 1 = 0 The locus of the centre of a circle cutting two
(g - g1 ) given circles orthogonally is the radical axis of
Slope of radical axis is - = m2 (say)
f - f1 the two circles.
Chap 04 Circle 299
Since, Eqs. (i) and (ii) both cut Eq. (iii) orthogonally or (g 2 + f 2
+ g ¢ 2 + f ¢ 2 - 2gg ¢ - 2 ff ¢ )
\ 2g 1 g 3 + 2 f 1 f 3 = c 1 + c 3 = ( g 2 + f 2 ) ± ( g ¢2 + f ¢2 )
and 2g 2 g 3 + 2 f 2 f 3 = c 2 + c 3 On squaring, we have
Subtracting, we get g2 + f 2
+ g ¢ 2 + f ¢ 2 - 2gg ¢ - 2 ff ¢
2g 3 ( g 1 - g 2 ) + 2 f 3 ( f 1 - f 2 ) = c 1 - c 2 …(iv)
= g2 + f 2
+ g ¢2 + f ¢2± 2 ( g 2 + f 2 ) ( g ¢2 + f ¢2 )
Now, radical axis of Eqs. (i) and (ii) is
or ( gg ¢ + ff ¢ ) = ± ( g 2 + f 2 )( g ¢ 2 + f ¢ 2 )
S1 - S2 = 0
or 2 x ( g 1 - g 2 ) + 2y ( f 1 - f 2 ) + c 1 - c 2 = 0 Again, on squaring both sides, we get
g 2 g ¢ 2 + f 2 f ¢ 2 + 2gg ¢ ff ¢ = g 2 g ¢ 2
Since, it will pass through the centre of Eq. (iii) circle
+ g 2 f ¢2 + f 2g ¢2 + f 2 f ¢2
\ -2 g 3 ( g 1 - g 2 ) - 2 f 3 ( f 1 - f 2 ) + c 1 - c 2 = 0
or 2 g 3 ( g 1 - g 2 ) + 2 f 3 ( f 1 - f 2 ) = c 1 - c 2 …(v) or g 2 f ¢ 2 + f 2 g ¢ 2 - 2gg ¢ ff ¢ = 0
Radical Centre I
S1 +λ (S1–S2) = 0
L 2 = 0 at two points R and S. λ( S 1–S 2
S 1+
Further P,Q, R and S are given to be concyclic. Let the circle
through them is S2 = 0
x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + l = 0 …(i)
Radical axis of S1 = 0 and S 2 = 0 is
S1 - S 2 = 0 S1 = 0 S1 − S2 = 0
Þ (a - a ¢ )x + (b - b ¢ )y + c - c ¢ = 0 …(ii) S 1 º x 2 + y 2 + 2g 1 x + 2 f 1y + c 1 = 0
The radical axis of S1 = 0 and S = 0 is L1 = 0 and S 2 º x 2 + y 2 + 2g 2 x + 2 f 2y + c 2 = 0
or Ax + By + C = 0 …(iii)
respectively is
and radical axis of S 2 = 0 and S = 0 is L 2 = 0 S 1 + l(S 1 - S 2 ) = 0 ( l ¹ -1)
or A ¢ x + B¢y + C ¢ = 0 …(iv) or S 2 + l1 (S 1 - S 2 ) = 0 ( l1 ¹ - 1)
Since, the radical axes of any three circles taken in pairs are Other formS 1 + lS 2 = 0 ( l ¹ -1)
concurrent. (i.e. lines Eqs. (ii), (iii) and (iv) are concurrent). (3) The equation of a system of co-axial circles in the
a - a¢ b - b¢ c - c ¢ simplest form is
we have A B C =0
A¢ B¢ C¢ x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + c = 0
where, g is variable and c, a constant.
The common radical axis is the Y-axis
Co-axial System of Circles (since centre on X-axis) and the equation of a system
of other co-axial circles in the simplest form is
A system (or a family) of circles, every pair of which have
the same radical axis, are called co-axial circles. x 2 + y 2 + 2 fy + c = 0
(1) The equation of a system of co-axial circles, when the where, f is variable and c, a constant
equation of the radical axis and of one circle of the (since centre on Y-axis). The common radical axis is
system are the X-axis.
S +λP = 0 x 2 + y 2 + 4x + 2 y + 1 = 0
and x 2 + y 2 - 2 x + 6 y - 6 = 0
S +λP = 0
S=0 Also, find the equation of that particular circle
P=0 whose centre lies on the radical axis.
P º lx + my + n = 0 Sol. Given circles are
and 2 2
S º x + y + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 S1 º x 2 + y 2 + 4 x + 2y + 1 = 0
and S 2 º x 2 + y 2 - 2x + 6y - 6 = 0
respectively, is
\ Radical axis is S1 - S 2 = 0
S + lP = 0 (l is an arbitrary constant)
i.e. 6x - 4y + 7 = 0 …(i)
(2) The equation of a co-axial system of circles, where Now, system of co-axial circle is
the equation of any two circles of the system are
S1 + l (S1 - S 2 ) = 0
S1 + λS2 = 0 Þ ( x 2 + y 2 + 4 x + 2y + 1) + l(6x - 4y + 7 ) = 0
Þ x 2 + y 2 + 2x (2 + 3l ) + 2y (1 - 2l ) + 1 + 7 l = 0 …(ii)
Its centre [ -(2 + 3l ), - (1 - 2l )] lies on Eq. (i)
\ 6 ´ - ( 2 + 3l ) - 4 ´ - ( 1 - 2l ) + 7 = 0
S1 = 0 S2 = 0 or -12 - 18l + 4 - 8l + 7 = 0
or -26 l - 1 = 0
Chap 04 Circle 303
1 ¾¾ ¾¾ ¾¾
\ l=- Now, BC × t 12 + CA × t 22 + AB t 32
26
Substituting the value of l in Eq. (ii), the equation of circle = S ( g 2 - g 3 ) (h 2 + k 2 + 2g 1h + c )
is = (h 2 + k 2 + c ) S ( g 2 - g 3 ) + 2h S g 1( g 2 - g 3 )
æ 3ö æ 2ö 7
x 2 + y 2 + 2x ç2 - ÷ + 2y ç1 + ÷ + 1 - =0 = (h 2 + k 2 + c )( g 2 - g 3 + g 3 - g 1 + g 1 - g 2 )
è 26 ø è 26 ø 26
+ 2h { g 1( g 2 - g 3 ) + g 2 ( g 3 - g 1 ) + g 3 ( g 1 - g 2 )}
Þ 26( x 2 + y 2 ) + 98x + 56y + 9 = 0
= (h 2 + k 2 + c )(0) + 2h (0) = 0
y Example 88. Prove that the tangents from any point which proves the result.
of a fixed circle of co-axial system to two other fixed
circles of the system are in a constant ratio.
Sol. Let the equations of the circles be x 2 + y 2 + 2g i x + c = 0,
Limiting Point
i = 1,2, 3. Since, all the three circles are fixed Limiting points of system of co-axial circles are the
g 1, g 2 and g 3 are constants. centres of the point circles belonging to the family (Circles
Let P (h , k ) be any point on the first circle, so that whose radii are zero are called point circles).
h 2 + k 2 + 2g 1h + c = 0 …(i) 1. Limiting points of the co-axial system
Let PQ and PR be the tangents from P on the other two Let the circle is
circles
x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + c = 0 …(i)
2 2
\ PQ = (h + k + 2g 2h + c )
where, g is variable and c is constant.
and PR = (h 2 + k 2 + 2g 3h + c ) \ Centre and the radius of Eq. (i) are ( -g, 0 ) and
( PQ )2 h 2 + k 2 + 2g 2h + c ( g 2 - c ) , respectively. Let
\ =
( PR )2 h 2 + k 2 + 2g 3h + c
g2 - c = 0
-2g 1h + 2g 2h
= [from Eq. (i)]
-2g 1h + 2g 3h \ g =± c
g 2 - g1 Thus, we get the two limiting points of the given
= = constant
g 3 - g1 co-axial system as
because g 1, g 2 , g 3 are constants. ( c , 0 ) and ( - c , 0 )
y Example 89. If A, B, C be the centres of three Clearly the above limiting points are real and
co-axial circles and t 1 , t 2 , t 3 be the lengths of the distinct, real and coincident or imaginary according
tangents to them from any point, prove that as c > , = , < 0
¾¾ ¾¾ ¾¾
BC × t 12 + CA × t 22 + AB t 32 = 0
2. System of co-axial circles whose two
limiting point are given :
Sol. Let the equations of three circles are
x 2 + y 2 + 2g i x + c = 0, i = 1, 2, 3, . Let (a, b) and (g , d) be the two given limiting points.
Then, the corresponding point circles with zero radii
According to the question
are
A º ( - g 1, 0) , B º ( - g 2 , 0), C º ( - g 3 , 0)
Let any point be P (h , k ) ( x - a ) 2 + (y - b) 2 = 0
\ t 1 = h 2 + k 2 + 2g 1h + c and ( x - g ) 2 + (y - d)2 = 0
t 2 = h 2 + k 2 + 2g 2h + c or x 2 + y 2 - 2ax - 2by + a 2 + b2 = 0
t 3 = h 2 + k 2 + 2g 3h + c and x 2 + y 2 - 2 gx - 2 dy + g 2 + d2 = 0
¾¾ The equation of co-axial system is
and AB = ( g 1 - g 2 )
¾¾ ( x 2 + y 2 - 2ax - 2by + a 2 + b2 )
BC = ( g 2 - g 3 )
+l( x 2 + y 2 - 2 gx - 2 dy + g 2 + d2 ) = 0
¾¾
and CA = ( g 3 - g 1 ) where, l ¹ -1 is a variable parameter.
304 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
2 2 2
or l (f - k ) - l( k + c ) + g - c = 0 or x + y 2 - 8x - 6y + 25 = 0
2
¼(ii)
which is a quadratic in l. Let roots be l1 and l 2 . Therefore, the corresponding system of co-axial circles is
k +c g2 - c ( x 2 + y 2 - 2x - 4y + 5)
\ l1 + l 2 = 2 and l1l 2 = 2
f -k f -k + l( x 2 + y 2 - 8x - 6y + 25) = 0 ¼(iii)
then limiting points are [from Eq. (ii)] It passes through origin, then
æ - g - f l1 ö æ -g - f l2 ö 5 + 25l = 0
Aç , ÷ and B ç , ÷
è 1 + l1 1 + l1 ø è1 + l2 1 + l2 ø 1
\ l=-
But given that AB subtend a right angle at the origin. 5
\ Slope of OA ´ Slope of OB = - 1 Substituting the value of l in Eq. (iii), the required circle is
æ - f l1 ö æ - f l 2 ö 5( x 2 + y 2 - 2x - 4y + 5)
ç ÷ ç ÷ 2 2
Þ ç 1 + l1 ÷ ´ ç 1 + l 2 ÷ = -1 - ( x + y - 8x - 6y + 25) = 0
ç -g ÷ ç -g ÷ or 4 x 2 + 4y 2 - 2x - 14y = 0
ç ÷ ç ÷
è 1 + l1 ø è 1 + l 2 ø
or 2x 2 + 2y 2 - x - 7y = 0
f l1 f l 2
or ´ = -1
g g
or f 2 l1l 2 + g 2 = 0
(g 2 - c )
Image of the Circle by
or f 2
(f 2 -k)
+g =0 2
the Line Mirror
or 2g 2 f 2 - cf 2 - kg 2 = 0 Let the circle be x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 f y +c = 0 and line mirror
c k is lx + my +n = 0 in this condition, radius of circle remains
or 2= 2
+ 2
g f unchanged but centres changes. Let the centre of imaged
circle be ( x 1 , y 1 ) .
y Example 93. Find the radical axis of co-axial system x 1 - ( - g ) y 1 - ( - f ) - 2 ( -lg -mf +c )
of circles whose limiting points are (–1,2) and (2, 3). Then, = =
l m (l 2 +m 2 )
Sol. Equations of circles with limiting points are (–1, 2) and
(2,3) are (l 2 g -m 2 g + 2ml f - 2 nl )
we get, x 1 =
( x + 1) 2 + ( y - 2) 2 = 0 (l 2 +m 2 )
or x 2 + y 2 + 2x - 4y + 5 = 0 ¼(i) (m 2 f - l 2 f + 2ml g - 2mn )
and y1 =
and ( x - 2) 2 + ( y - 3) 2 = 0 (l 2 +m 2 )
or x 2 + y 2 - 4 x - 6y + 13 = 0 ¼(ii)
respectively.
\ Radical axis of circles Eqs. (i) and (ii) is C2
r
( x 2 + y 2 + 2x - 4y + 5)
- ( x 2 + y 2 - 4 x - 6y + 13) = 0 (– g, – f)
r
lx +
imaged circle
or 6x + 2y - 8 = 0
my
C1
+
or 3x + y - 4 = 0
n=
0
y Example 94. Find the equation of the circle which given circle
passes through the origin and belongs to the co-axial
of circles whose limiting points are (1,2) and (4,3). \ Required imaged circle is ( x - x 1 ) 2 +(y - y 1 ) 2 = r 2
Sol. Equations of circles whose limiting points are (1,2) and where, r = ( g 2 + f 2 - c )
(4,3) are
306 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
2. If the circles of same radius a and centres at (2, 3) and (5, 6) cut orthogonally, then a equals to
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
3. 2 2 2 2
If the circles x + y + 2x + 2ky + 6 = 0 and x + y + 2ky + k = 0 intersect orthogonally, k is
3 3 3 3
(a) 2 or - (b) -2 or - (c) 2 or (d) -2 or
2 2 2 2
4. If a circle passes through the point (a,b ) and cuts the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 orthogonally, then the locus of its centre
is
(a) 2ax + 2by + (a 2 + b 2 + 4) = 0 (b) 2ax + 2by - (a 2 + b 2 + 4) = 0
2 2
(c) 2ax - 2by + (a + b + 4) = 0 (d) 2ax - 2by - (a 2 + b 2 + 4) = 0
5. The locus of the centre of the circle which cuts orthogonally the circle x 2 + y 2 - 20x + 4 = 0 and which touches
x = 2 is
(a) x 2 = 16y (b) x 2 = 16y + 4
(c) y 2 = 16x (d) y 2 = 16x + 4
9. If (1,2) is a limiting point of the co-axial system of circles containing the circle x 2 + y 2 + x - 5y + 9 = 0, then the
equation of the radical axis is
(a) x - 9y + 4 = 0 (b) 3x - y + 4 = 0
(c) x + 3y - 4 = 0 (d) 9x + y - 4 = 0
Chap 04 Circle 307
9
10. The limiting points of the system of circles represented by the equation 2( x 2 + y 2 ) + lx + = 0 are
2
3 9
(a) æç ± , 0ö÷ (b) (0, 0) and æç , 0ö÷
è 2 ø è2 ø
9
(c) æç ± , 0ö÷ (d) (±3, 0)
è 2 ø
11. One of the limiting points of the co-axial system of circles containing the circles x 2 + y 2 - 4 = 0 and
x 2 + y 2 - x - y = 0 is
(a) ( 2, 2 ) (b) (- 2, 2 )
(c) (- 2 , – 2 ) (d) None of these
12. The point (2, 3) is a limiting point of a co-axial system of circles of which x 2 + y 2 = 9 is a member. The
coordinates of the other limiting point is given by
18 27 9 6
(a) æç , ö÷ (b) æç , ö÷
è 13 13 ø è 13 13 ø
18 27 18 9
(c) æç ,- ö÷ (d) æç - , - ö÷
è 13 13 ø è 13 13 ø
13. Two circles are drawn through the points (a, 5a ) and (4a, a ) to touch the Y-axis. Prove that they intersect at
æ 40 ö
angle tan-1ç ÷ .
è9ø
14. Find the equation of the circle which cuts orthogonally the circle x 2 + y 2 - 6x + 4y - 3 = 0, passes through (3,0)
and touches the axis of y.
15. Tangents are drawn to the circles x 2 + y 2 + 4x + 6y - 19 = 0, x 2 + y 2 = 9 from any point on the line 2x + 3y = 5.
Prove that their lengths are equal.
16. Find the coordinates of the point from which the lengths of the tangents to the following three circles be equal
3x 2 + 3y 2 + 4x - 6y - 1 = 0, 2x 2 + 2y 2 - 3x - 2y - 4 = 0 and 2x 2 + 2y 2 - x + y - 1 = 0
17. Find the equation of a circle which is co-axial with the circles x 2 + y 2 + 4x + 2y + 1 = 0 and
3
x 2 + y 2 - x + 3y - = 0 and having its centre on the radical axis of these circles.
2
18. Find the radical axis of a co-axial system of circles whose limiting points are (1, 2) and (3 , 4).
Shortcuts and Important Results to Remember
1 If the lines a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 and a2 x + b2 y + c 2 = 0 cut Remark
the X-axis and Y-axis in four concyclic points, then Equation of the circle circumscribing the triangle formed
a1 a2 = b1 b2 . by the lines ar x + br y + c r = 0, where r = 1, 2 , 3, is :
2 If two conic sections a12 + b12
a1 b1
a1 x 2 + 2 h1 xy + b1 y 2 + 2 g1 x + 2 f1 y + c1 = 0 and a1 x + b1 y + c1
a2 x 2 + 2 h2 xy + b2 y 2 + 2 g 2 x + 2 f2 y + c 2 = 0 will intersect a22 + b22
a -b h a2 b2 = 0
each other in four concyclic points, if 1 1 = 1 . a2 x + b2 y + c 2
a2 - b2 h2 a32 + b32
a3 b3
3 If the circle S1 = 0, bisects the circumference of the circle a3 x + b3 y + c 3
S 2 = 0, then their common chord will be the diameter of
10 Equation of circle circumscribing a quadrilateral whose
the circle S 2 = 0.
sides in order are represented by the lines
4 The radius of the director circle of a given circle is 2
L1 = 0, L2 = 0, L3 = 0 and L4 = 0 is given by
times the radius of the given circle.
L1 L3 + lL2 L4 = 0
5 The point of intersection of the tangents at the points
A
P (acos a , asin a ) and Q (acos b, asin b ) on the circle
x 2 + y 2 = a2 is
L3 = 0 D
æ æ a + bö æ a + bö ö
ç acos çè ÷ asin ç
ø è 2 ø÷
÷ L4 = 0
ç 2 ÷
, B
ç æ a - bö æ a - bö ÷
ç cos çè ÷ cos ç ÷
è 2 ø ÷ø L2 = 0
è 2 ø
6 If the tangent to the circle x 2 + y 2 = r 2 at the point (a, b) L1 = 0
C
meets the coordinates axes at the points A and B and O is
r4
the origin, then the area of the DOAB is . provided coefficient of x 2 = coefficient of y 2 and
2 ab
coefficient of xy = 0.
7 The length of the common chord of the circles
x 2 + y 2 + ax + by + c = 0 and x 2 + y 2 + bx + ay + c = 0 is 11 The locus of the middle point of a chord of a circle
subtending a right angle at a given point will be a circle.
1
(a + b)2 - 4c . 12 The length of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the circle
2
x 2 + y 2 = a2 is a 3.
8 The length of the common chord of the circles
2 ab 13 The distance between the chord of contact of tangents to
( x - a)2 + y 2 = a2 and x 2 + ( y - b)2 = b2 is . x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 from the origin and the point
a2 + b2
|g 2 + f 2 - c|
9 Family of circles circumscribing A (g, f ) is .
a triangle whose sides are 2 (g 2 + f 2 )
given by L1 = 0, L2 = 0 and 14 The shortest chord of a circle passing through a point P
L3 = 0 is given by inside the circle is the chord whose middle point is P.
L1L2 + lL2 L3 + mL3 L1 = 0 L3 = 0 L2 = 0
15 The length of transverse common tangent < the length of
provided coefficient of xy = 0
direct common tangent.
and coefficient of x 2 =
B
coefficient of y 2 .
L1 = 0 C
JEE Type Solved Examples :
Single Option Correct Type Questions
n This section contains 10 multiple choice examples. ⇒ (3 − 4 λ )2 − (5 + 7 λ )(1 + λ ) = 0
Each example has four choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) out of
which ONLY ONE is correct. ⇒ 9 − 16λ 2 − 24 λ − 5 − 5λ − 7 λ − 7 λ 2 = 0
⇒ 9 λ 2 − 36λ + 4 = 0
l Ex. 1 Two distinct chords drawn from the point ( p, q ) on 36 ± (36)2 − 4.9.4
λ=
the circle x 2 + y 2 = px + qy , where pq ≠ 0, are bisected by 29
.
the X-axis. Then, 4 2
∴ λ =2±
(a) | p | =|q | (b) p 2 = 8q 2 (c) p 2 < 8q 2 (d) p 2 > 8q 2 3
Sol. (d)
P (p, q) l Ex. 3 If f ( x + y ) = f ( x ) ⋅ f (y ) for all x and y, f (1) = 2
and α n = f (n ), n ∈N , then the equation of the circle having
X′
M
X (α 1 , α 2 ) and (α 3 , α 4 ) as the ends of its one diameter is
(l, 0)
(a) ( x − 2)( x − 8 ) + (y − 4 )(y − 16 ) = 0
(b) ( x − 4 )( x − 8 ) + (y − 2)(y − 16 ) = 0
Q (h
, –q
) (c) ( x − 2)( x − 16 ) + (y − 4 )(y − 8 ) = 0
(d) ( x − 6 )( x − 8 ) + (y − 5)(y − 6 ) = 0
Suppose chord bisect at M( λ , 0 ), then other end point of chord
is (h, − q ) Sol. (a) Q f ( x + y ) = f ( x ). f (y ) …(i)
p +h
where, λ= Q f ( 1) = 2
2
In Eq. (i), Put x = y = 1,
which lie on x 2 + y 2 = px + qy
then f (2) = f (1). f (1) = 22
or h + q = ph − q
2 2 2
Now, in Eq. (i), x = 1,y = 2,then
⇒ h 2 − ph + 2q 2 = 0 f (3) = f (1) f (2) = 22
. 2 = 23
for two distinct chords, B 2 − 4 AC > 0 Hence, f (n ) = 2n
or p 2 − 4 ⋅ 1 ⋅ 2q 2 > 0 ∴ αn = f (n ) = 2n ∀n ∈ N
or p 2 > 8q 2 (α1,α 2 ) ≡ (2, 4 )
and (α 3 ,α 4 ) ≡ (8,16)
l Ex. 2 The values of λ for which the circle Equation of circle in diametric form is
x 2 + y 2 + 6 x + 5 + λ( x 2 + y 2 − 8 x + 7 ) = 0 dwindles into a ( x − 2)( x − 8) + (y − 4 )(y − 16) = 0
point are
2 2 2 4 2 4 2 l Ex. 4 Two circles of radii a and b touching each other
(a) 1 ± (b) 2 ± (c) 2 ± (d) 1 ±
3 3 3 3 externally, are inscribed in the area bounded by
1
Sol. (c) The given circle is y = (1 − x 2 ) and the X-axis. If b = , then a is equal to
2
x 2 + y 2 + 6x + 5 + λ( x 2 + y 2 − 8x + 7 ) = 0
1 1
or x 2 ( 1 + λ ) + y 2 ( 1 − λ ) + ( 6 − 8 λ ) x +( 5 + 7 λ ) = 0 (a) (b)
4 8
6 − 8λ 5 + 7λ 1 1
⇒ x2 +y2 + x + =0 (c) (d)
1+ λ 1+ λ 2 2
This will dwindle into a point circle, then radius of the Sol. (a) Let the centres of circles be C 1 and C 2 , then
circle = 0
C 1 ≡ ( (1 − 2a ),a )
2
3 − 4λ 5 + 7λ C 2 ≡ ( (1 − 2b ),b )
+0− =0 and
1+ λ 1+ λ
310 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
X¢ X
Sol. (a) Minimum distance of the centre from line > radius of
O | α + β + 2| | α + β − 2|
x=–2
a = max. { ( x + 2 ) 2 + (y − 3 ) 2 } and
l Ex. 11 If point P ( x , y ) is called a lattice point, if x , y ∈I .
b = min. { ( x + 2 ) 2 + (y − 3 ) 2 }, then
Then, the total number of lattice points in the interior of the
(a) a + b = 18 (b) a − b = 4 2
circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 , a ≠ 0 cannot be
(c) a + b = 4 2 (d) a ⋅ b = 73
(a) 202 (b) 203 (c) 204 (d) 205
Sol. (a, b, d) Given circle is
Sol. (a, b, c) Given circle is x 2 + y 2 = a 2 …(i)
x 2 + y 2 + 8x − 10y − 40 = 0
Clearly (0, 0) will belong the interior of circle Eq. (i). Also,
other points interior to circle Eq. (i) will have the coordinates The centre and radius of the circle are ( −4,5 ) and 9,
of the form respectively.
( ± λ , 0 ),( 0, ± λ ), where λ2 < a 2 Distance of the centre ( −4,5 ) from ( −2, 3 ) is
(4 + 4) = 2 2.
and ( ± λ , ± µ ) and ( ± µ, ± λ ), where λ2 + µ 2 < a 2 and λ ,µ ∈ I
Therefore, a =2 2 +9
∴Number of lattice points in the interior of the circle will be of
the form 1 + 4r + 8t, where r , t = 0, 1,2, … and b = −2 2 + 9
∴Number of such points must be of the form 4n + 1, where ∴ a + b = 18, a − b = 4 2, ab = 73
n = 0, 1, 2, …
312 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
l Ex. 13 The equation of the tangents drawn from the Sol. (b, c) Given circle is
origin to the circle x 2 + y 2 − 2rx − 2hy + h 2 = 0, are ( x − 4 )2 + (y − 8)2 = 20
(a) x = 0 or x 2 + y 2 − 8 x − 16y + 60 = 0 …(i)
(b) y = 0 Equation of chord of contact from ( −2, 0 ) is
(c) (h 2 − r 2 )x − 2rhy = 0 −2 ⋅ x + 0 ⋅ y − 4( x − 2 ) − 8(y + 0 ) + 60 = 0
(d) (h 2 − r 2 )x + 2rhy = 0 or 3 x + 4y − 34 = 0 …(ii)
Sol. (a, c) The given equation is ( x − r ) + (y − h ) = r 2 2 2 Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
2
tangents are x = 0 34 − 3 x 34 − 3 x
x2 + − 8 x − 16 + 60 = 0
4 4
Y
or 5 x 2 − 28 x − 12 = 0
or ( x − 6 )(5 x + 2 ) = 0
r 2
D C ( r, h ) or x = 6, −
r 5
2 44
Therefore, the points are (6, 4 ) and − , .
a E 5 5
a
p/2–2a
X
O l Ex. 15 The equations of four circles are
( x ± a ) 2 + (y ± a ) 2 = a 2 . The radius of a circle touching all
π
and y = x tan − 2α = x cot 2α the four circles is
2
(a) ( 2 − 1)a (b) 2 2 a
x(1 − tan 2 α )
= (c) ( 2 + 1)a (d) ( 2 + 2 )a
2 tan α
r 2
Sol. (a, c) Radius of inner circle = OR − a
x 1 − 2
h r = (a 2 + a 2 ) − a
y = Qin ∆ODC , tanα =
r h
2 = a( 2 − 1 )
h
Radius of outer circle = OR + RQ
or (h 2 − r 2 ) x − 2rhy = 0
= a 2 + a = a( 2 + 1 )
l Ex. 14 Point M moved on the circle Y
Y′
JEE Type Solved Examples :
Paragraph Based Questions
n This section contains 2 solved paragraphs based upon for fixed point −3 x + y + 4 = 0, x − y − 3 = 0
each of the paragraph 3 multiple choice questions have 1 5
to be answered. Each of these questions has four choices ∴ x = ,y = −
2 2
(a), (b), (c) and (d) out of which ONLY ONE is correct.
1 −5
∴ Fixed point is ,
Paragraph I 2 2
(Q. Nos. 16 to 18) 18. (c) Let S ≡ x 2 + y 2 − 6x + 4 = 0.
Consider the relation 4l 2 − 5m 2 + 6l + 1 = 0, where l , m ∈R. ∴ S1 = (2 ) 2 + ( −3 ) 2 − 6(2 ) + 4
16. The line lx + my + 1 = 0 touches a fixed circle whose = 4 + 9 − 12 − 4
equation is =5 > 0
(a) x 2 + y 2 − 4 x − 5 = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 + 6 x + 6 = 0 Therefore, point (2, − 3 ) lies outside the circle from which two
tangents can be drawn.
(c) x 2 + y 2 − 6 x + 4 = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 + 4 x − 4 = 0
Paragraph II
17. Tangents PA and PB are drawn to the above fixed circle (Q. Nos. 19 to 21)
from the point P on the line x + y − 1 = 0. Then, the
chord of contact AB passes through the fixed point If α- chord of a circle be that chord which subtends an angle
α at the centre of the circle.
1 5 1 4 1 3 1 5
(a) ,− (b) , (c) − , (d) ,
2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 19. If x + y =1 is α-chord of x 2 + y 2 = 1, then α is equal to
π π π 3π
18. The number of tangents which can be drawn from (a) (b) (c) (d)
the point ( 2, − 3 ) are 6 4 2 4
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 1 or 2 π
20. If slope of a -chord of x 2 + y 2 = 4 is 1, then its
Sol. 3
equation is
16. (c) Let the equation of the circle be
(a) x − y + 6 = 0 (b) x − y + 3 = 0
x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 …(i)
(c) x − y − 3 = 0 (d) x − y − 2 3 = 0
The line lx + my + 1 = 0 touch circle Eq. (i), then
| −lg − mf + 1| 2π
= (g 2 + f 2 − c ) 21. Distance of — chord of x 2 + y 2 + 2 x + 4y + 1 = 0
(l 2 + m 2 ) 3
⇒ (lg + mf − 1 ) 2 = (l 2 + m 2 )( g 2 + f 2 − c ) from the centre is
1
or ( f 2 − c )l 2 + ( g 2 − c )m 2 − 2 gflm + 2 gl +2 fm − 1 = 0 …(ii) (a) (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 2
2
But the given condition is
Sol.
4l 2 − 5m 2 + 6l + 1 = 0 …(iii)
19. (c) From figure
Comparing Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get Y
f 2 − c g 2 − c −2 gf g 2f −1
= = = = = (0, 1)
4 −5 0 3 0 1
x+
⇒ ( −3 x + y + 4 ) + λ ( x − y − 3 ) = 0 π
α=
2
314 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
A 2 M
2
p/6
p/6 p/3
2
p/3
O (0, 0) O A
2
(–1, –2)
| 0 − 0 + λ| π
∴ = 3 OM = 2 cos = 1
2 3
Y¢
Chap 4 Circle 315
3
2
13
2
and S 2 :( x − 1 ) 2 + y 2 = c 2
(B) The circles S1:( x + 1 ) 2 + y + = − c
2 4 Centre C 2 :(1, 0 ), radius r2 :c
Now, S 2 will be contained in S1, then
3 13
Centre C1 : −1, − , radius r1 : − c C1C 2 < r1 − r2
2 4
2
or 1 < 3 − c or c < 2 ⇒2c < 4
1
2
5
and S 2 : x − + (y + 1 ) 2 = − c (D) The circles
2 4 S1 : x 2 + y 2 = 9
1 5 Centre C1 :( 0, 0 ), radius r1 :3 and
Centre C 2 : , − 1 , radius r2 : − c
2 4 2
c
S 2 :( x − 1 ) 2 + y 2 =
For intersect orthogonally 2
(C1C 2 ) 2 = r12 + r22 c
Centre C 2 :(1, 0 ), radius r2 :
2 2 2
3 1 13 5
⇒ + = −c + −c
2 2 4 4 Now, S1 will be contained in S 2,
or 2c = 2 then, r2 − r1 > C1C 2
c
(C) The circles ⇒ − 3 > 1 or c > 8
2
S1 : x 2 + y 2 = 3 2
∴ (c − 6 ) > 2
Centre C1 :( 0, 0 ), radius r1 :3
(r − 2 ) 2 + (r − 2 ) 2 = r + 2 = ( 2 )2 + ( 6 )2 − 4 = 4
∴Both statements are true and statement II is correct
(r − 2 ) 2 + (r − 2 ) 2 = (r + 2 ) 2
explanation of statement I.
Chap 04 Circle 317
− 3a
2
a2 b2
⇒ − 4 ⋅1 ⋅ + > 0
2 2 8
C1 ⇒ a 2 > 2b 2 .
Aliter : Given circle is
C2
2x ( x − a ) + y (2y − b ) = 0
by
or x 2 + y 2 − ax − =0 …(i)
x ( x − 4 ) + y ( y − 3) = 0 2
Let chords bisected at M (h , 0) but given chords can be
or x 2 + y 2 − 4 x − 3y = 0 …(i)
b
drawn A a , then chord cut the circle at B ( λ , − b / 2)
its centre C 2 ≡ (2, 3 / 2) and radius r = 4 +
9
=
5 2
4 2 Q Mid-point of ordinates of A and B is origin.
Since, the required circle just contains the given circle(i), ∴ B ( λ , b / 2) lies on Eq. (i)
the given circle should touch the required circle internally
from inside. b2 b2
∴ λ2 + −aλ + =0
⇒ radius of the required circle = | C 1 − C 2 | + r 4 4
b2
3 3 5
2
or λ2 − a λ + =0
= ( − 3 − 2) 2 + − + 2
2 2 2
Q λ is real
5 15
=5+ = b2
2 2 ∴ B 2 − 4 AC > 0 or a 2 − 4 ⋅ > 0 or a 2 > 2b 2
2
Hence, equation of required circle is
2
15 l Ex. 30 Let C 1 and C 2 be two circles with C 2 lying inside
( x + 3) 2 + ( y − 3 / 2) 2 =
2
C 1 . A circle C lying inside C 1 touches C 1 internally and C 2
or x 2 + y 2 + 6x − 3y − 54 = 0 externally. Identify the locus of the centre of C.
Sol. Let the given circles C 1and C 2 have centres O1 and O 2
l Ex. 29 Let a circle be given by with radii r1 and r 2 , respectively. Let centre of circle C is
2 x ( x − a ) + y (2y − b ) = 0 ( a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0) at O radius is r.
Find the condition on a and b if two chords, each bisected by Q OO 2 = r + r 2
the X-axis, can be drawn to the circle from (a, b/2). OO1 = r1 − r
Sol. The given circle is 2x ( x − a ) + y (2y − b ) = 0 ⇒ OO1 + OO 2 = r1 + r 2
or x + y − ax − by / 2 = 0
2 2
which is greater than O1 O 2 as O1O 2 < r1 + r 2 .
Let AB be the chord which is bisected by X -axis at a point ∴ Locus of O is an ellipse with foci O1 and O 2 .
M. Let its coordinates be M (h , 0)
318 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
∴ a 2 + b 2 = 4r 2 …(ii)
O2 Equation of OM which is ⊥ to AB is
r2 ax − by = λ
r2
r
A It passes through (0, 0)
O1 r O r
∴ 0= λ
∴ Equation of OM is
ax − by = 0 …(iii)
On solving Eq. (i) and Eq. (iii), we get
Aliter : x2 + y2 x2 + y2
Let O1 ≡ (0, 0), O 2 ≡ (a, b ) and O ≡ (h , k ) a= and b =
x y
∴ C 1 : x 2 + y 2 = r12
Substituting the values of a and b in Eq. (ii), we get
C 2 : ( x − a )2 + (y − b )2 = r 22
1 1
C : ( x − h )2 + (y − k )2 = r 2 ( x 2 + y 2 ) 2 2 + 2 = 4r 2
x y
⇒ OO 2 = r + r 2
or ( x 2 + y 2 ) 2 ( x −2 + y −2 ) = 4r 2
⇒ (h − a ) + (k − b )2 = r + r 2
2
…(i)
which is the required locus.
and OO1 = r1 − r
Aliter :
⇒ (h 2 + k 2 ) = r1 − r …(ii) Q AB is the diameter of circle. If ∠OAB = α, then
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii) we get OA = 2r cos α, OB = 2r sin α
(h − a )2 + (k − b )2 + (h 2 + k 2 ) = r1 + r 2
B
∴ Locus of O is ( x − a ) + (y − b ) + ( x + y ) = r1 + r 2
2 2 2 2
(x 2
+y2
which represents an ellipse with foci are at (a,b ) and (0, 0). )
x
l Ex. 31 A circle of constant radius r passes through the
α
origin O, and cuts the axes at A and B. Show that the locus
O y A
of the foot of the perpendicular from O to AB is
( x 2 + y 2 ) 2 ( x −2 + y −2 ) = 4r 2 Equation of AB is
Sol. Let the coordinates of A and B are (a, 0) and (0, b). x y
+ =1
Y 2r cos α 2r sin α
x y
(0, b) B ⇒ + = 2r …(i)
M cos α sin α
C a, b
( ) and equation of OM is y = x tan (90°− α)
2 2
y
X´ X ⇒ cot α =
O A (a, 0) x
Y´ Y
x y
∴ Equation of AB is + =1 …(i)
a b (0, b) B
M
Centre of circle lie on line AB, since AB is diameter of the
circle (Q ∠ AOB = π / 2)
90°– α α
a b X´ X
∴ Coordinate of centre C is C ≡ , O A (a, 0)
2 2
Y´
Since, the radius of circle = r
x
∴ r = AC = CB = OC ∴ sin α =
2 2
(x + y 2 )
2
a b a2 + b2
= 0 − + 0 − = y
2 2 4 and cos α =
(x + y 2 )
2
Chap 04 Circle 319
⇒ ( x 2 + y 2 ) 2 ( x −2 + y −2 ) = 4r 2 or h + k − hk + (h 2 + k 2 ) = 0
∴ Locus of M (h , k ) is
l Ex. 32 The circle x 2 + y 2 − 4 x − 4y + 4 = 0 is inscribed
x + y − xy + ( x 2 + y 2 ) = 0
in a triangle which has two of its sides along the coordinate
axes. The locus of the circumcentre of the triangle is Hence, the required value of k is 1.
x + y − xy + k ( x 2 + y 2 ) 1/ 2 = 0. Find k.
l Ex. 33 P is a variable on the line y = 4. Tangents are
Sol. The given circle is x 2 + y 2 − 4 x − 4y + 4 = 0. This can
drawn to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 from P to touch it at A and
be re-written as ( x − 2)2 + (y − 2)2 = 4 which has centre
C (2, 2) and radius 2. B. The parallelogram PAQB is completed . Find the equation
Let the equation of third side is
of the locus of Q.
x y Sol. Let P (h , 4 ) be a variable point. Given circle is
+ =1 (equation of AB)
a b x2 + y2 = 4 …(i)
Draw tangents from P (h , 4 ) and complete parallelogram
B (0, b) PAQB.
Equation of the diagonal AB which is chord of contact of
M x 2 + y 2 = 4 is hx + 4y = 4 …(ii)
2
2 Y
C (2, 2)
2 (0, 4)
P (h, 4)
O A
(a, 0)
(x1, y1) A
Length of perpendicular from (2, 2) on AB = radius = CM
2 + 2 − 1 X¢
O
X
B (x2, y2)
a b
∴ =2
1 1
2 + 2
a b
Y¢
Since, origin and (2, 2) lie on the same side of AB Q (a, b)
2 2
+ − 1 Let coordinates of A and B are ( x 1, y1 ) and ( x 2 , y 2 ),
a b
∴ − =2 respectively.
1 1
2 + 2 Since, A ( x 1, y1 ) and B ( x 2 , y 2 ) lies on Eq. (ii)
a b ∴ hx 1 + 4y1 = 4 and hx 2 + 4y 2 = 4
2 2 1 1 ∴ h ( x 1 + x 2 ) + 4 (y 1 + y 2 ) = 8 …(iii)
or + − 1 = −2 2 + 2 …( i )
a b a b Since, PAQB is parallelogram
π ∴ Mid-point of AB = Mid-point of PQ
Since, ∠ AOB =
2 x1 + x 2 α + h
⇒ =
Hence, AB is the diameter of the circle passing through 2 2
a b y1 + y 2 β + 4
∆OAB, mid-point of AB is the centre of the circle i.e. , . and = …(iv)
2 2 2 2
320 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
⇒ (16 + h 2 ) y 2 − 32y + 16 − 4h 2 = 0 (b 2 − ac ) (c 2 + a 2 )
and µ= …(iv)
32 (c 2 − ab ) (a 2 + b 2 )
∴ y1 + y 2 = …(v)
16 + h 2 and given, Eq. (i) passes through the origin then
From Eqs. (iii) and (v), we get ab + bcλ + ca µ = 0 …(v)
8h From Eqs. (iv) and (v), we get
x1 + x 2 = …(vi)
16 + h 2 bc (a 2 − bc ) (b 2 + c 2 ) ca (b 2 − ac ) (c 2 + a 2 )
ab + + =0
From Eqs. (iv) and (vi) (c − ab ) (a + b )
2 2 2
(c 2 − ab ) (a 2 + b 2 )
32 ⇒ (c 2 − ab ) (a 2 + b 2 ) ab + (a 2 − bc )(b 2 + c 2 )bc
β+4=
16 + h 2 + (b 2 − ca ) (c 2 + a 2 ) ca = 0
or (16 + h ) (β + 4 ) = 32
2
…(vii) ⇒ abc 2 (a 2 + b 2 ) + a 2bc (b 2 + c 2 ) + b 2ca (c 2 + a 2 )
From Eqs. (iv) and (vi) = a 2b 2 (a 2 + b 2 ) + b 2c 2 (b 2 + c 2 )
8h
α +h = + c 2a 2 (c 2 + a 2 )
16 + h 2
⇒ abc {c (a 2 + b 2 ) + a (b 2 + c 2 ) + b (c 2 + a 2 )}
or (16 + h 2 ) (α + h ) = 8h …(viii)
Dividing Eq. (viii) by Eq. (vii), then = a 2b 2 (a 2 + b 2 ) + b 2c 2 (b 2 + c 2 )
α +h h 4α + c 2a 2 (c 2 + a 2 )
= or h =
β+4 4 β ⇒ abc {(a + b ) (b + c ) (c + a ) − 2abc }
Substituting the value of h in Eq. (vii) then = a 2b 2 (a 2 + b 2 ) + b 2c 2 (b 2 + c 2 )
16α 2
+ c 2a 2 (c 2 + a 2 )
16 + 2 (β + 4 ) = 32
β
⇒ abc (a + b ) (b + c ) (c + a )
⇒ ( α 2 + β 2 ) ( β + 4 ) = 2β 2 = 2a 2b 2c 2 + a 2b 2 (a 2 + b 2 ) + b 2c 2 (b 2 + c 2 )
Hence, locus of Q (α, β ) is ( x 2 + y 2 ) (y + 4 ) = 2y 2 + c 2a 2 (c 2 + a 2 )
⇒ abc (a + b ) (b + c ) (c + a )
l Ex. 34 Show that the circumcircle of the triangle formed
= (a 2 + b 2 ) (b 2 + c 2 ) (c 2 + a 2 )
by the lines ax + by + c = 0; bx + cy + a = 0 and
cx + ay + b = 0 passes through the origin if Hence, (a 2 + b 2 ) (b 2 + c 2 ) (c 2 + a 2 )
(b 2 + c 2 ) (c 2 + a 2 ) (a 2 + b 2 ) = abc (b + c ) (c + a ) (a + b ) . = abc (a + b ) (b + c ) (c + a )
Sol. Equation of conic is
(bx + cy + a ) (cx + ay + b ) + λ (cx + ay + b )(ax + by + c )
l Ex. 35 If four points P , Q , R, S in the plane be taken and
+ µ (ax + by + c ) (bx + cy + a ) = 0 …(i) the square of the length of the tangents from P to the circle
where, λ and µ are constants. on QR as diameter be denoted by {P , QR }, show that
{ P , RS } − { P , QS } + {Q, PR } − {Q, RS } = 0
Eq. (i) represents a circle if the coefficient of x 2 and y 2 are
Sol. Let P ≡ ( x 1, y1 ), Q ≡ ( x 2 , y 2 ), R ≡ ( x 3 , y 3 ) and S ≡ ( x 4 , y 4 ).
equal and the coefficient of xy is zero such that
Equation of circle with RS as diameter is
bc + λca + µab = ca + λab + µbc
( x − x 3 ) ( x − x 4 ) + (y − y 3 ) (y − y 4 ) = 0
or (a − b ) c + λ (b − c ) a + µ (c − a ) b = 0 …(ii)
∴ { P , RS } = ( x 1 − x 3 )( x 1 − x 4 ) + (y1 − y 3 )(y1 − y 4 )
and (c 2 + ab ) + λ (a 2 + bc ) + µ (b 2 + ac ) = 0 …(iii)
Now, equation of circle with QS as diameter is
on solving Eq. (ii) and Eq. (iii) by cross multiplication rule,
( x − x 2 ) ( x − x 4 ) + (y − y 2 ) (y − y 4 ) = 0
we get
1 λ ∴ { P , QS } = ( x 1 − x 2 )( x 1 − x 4 ) + (y1 − y 2 )(y1 − y 4 )
= 2
(c − ab ) (a + b ) (a − bc ) (b 2 + c 2 )
2 2 2
Chap 04 Circle 321
Equation of circle with PR as diameter is Equations of common tangents to circle (i) and circle C are
( x − x 1 ) ( x − x 3 ) + (y − y 1 ) (y − y 3 ) = 0 1
x = − 1, y = ± ( x + 2), {T1 and T 2 }
∴ {Q , PR } = ( x 2 − x 1 )( x 2 − x 3 ) + (y 2 − y1 )(y 2 − y 3 ) 3
Equation of circle with RS as diameter is and equations of common tangents to circle (ii) and circle C
( x − x 3 ) ( x − x 4 ) + (y − y 3 ) (y − y 4 ) = 0 are
1
∴ {Q , RS } = ( x 2 − x 3 )( x 2 − x 4 ) + (y 2 − y 3 )(y 2 − y 4 ) x = 1, y = ± ( x + 2) ({T1 and T 2 }
3
Hence, { P , RS } − { P , QS } + {Q , PR } − {Q , RS } = 0 To find the remaining two transverse common tangents to
Eqs. (i) and (ii). If I divides C 1 and C 2 in the ratio
l Ex. 36 Let T1 , T 2 be two tangents drawn from ( −2 , 0 ) on r1 :`r 2 = 1 / 3 : 3 = 1 : 9.
the circle C : x 2 + y 2 = 1. Determine the circles touching C Therefore coordinates of I are ( −4 / 5, 0).
and having T1 , T 2 as their pair of tangents. Further, find the Equation of any line through I is y − 0 = m ( x + 4 / 5). If it
equations of all possible common tangents to these circles will touch Eq. (ii)
when taken two at a time. | m ( 4 + 4 / 5) − 0 |
Sol. In figure OS = 1, OP = 2 then =3
(1 + m 2 )
1
∴ sin ∠SPO = = sin 30° 2
2 24
⇒ m = 9 (1 + m )
2 2
Y T1 5
B1
A1 S ⇒ 64m 2 = 25 + 25m 2
I1 5
30° X ⇒ 39m 2 = 25 ⇒ m = ±
30° C1 Q O R C2 39
P (– 2, 0)
A2 Therefore, equations of transverse common tangents are
B2
5
T2 y=± ( x + 4 / 5)
39
∴ ∠SPO = 30°
Q PA1 = PA 2 ⇒ ∠PA1A 2 = ∠PA 2 A1 lEx. 37 Find the equation of the circle of minimum radius
⇒ ∆ PA1A 2 is an equilateral triangle. which contains the three circles
Therefore, centre C 1 is centroid of ∆ PA1A 2 ,C 1 divides PQ in x 2 − y 2 − 4y − 5 = 0
the ratio 2 : 1.
x 2 + y 2 + 12 x + 4y + 31 = 0
4 1
∴ C 1 ≡ − , 0 and its radius = C 1Q =
3 3 and x 2 + y 2 + 6 x + 12y + 36 = 0
2 Sol. The coordinates of the centres and radii of three given
1
⇒ C 1 : ( x + 4 / 3) 2 + y 2 = …(i) circles are as given below :
3
C 1 ≡ (0, 2) ; r1 = 3
The other circle C 2 touches the equilateral triangle PB1B 2 C 2 ≡ ( −6, − 2) ; r 2 = 3
externally.
and C 3 ≡ ( −3, − 6) ; r 3 = 3
∆
its radius is given by = , where B1B 2 = a
s −a
C1
3 2
a
3 )
= 4 = a h, k
3a 2 C(
−a
2
C3 C2
a /2 6
but tan 30° = ⇒ a= P
3 3
3 6
∴ Radius = . =3
2 3 Let C ≡ (h , k ) be the centre of the circle passing through the
centres C 1 (0, 2), C 2 ( −6, − 2) and C 3 ( −3, − 6).
⇒ coordinates of C 2 are (4, 0)
Then, CC 1 = CC 2 = CC 3
∴ Equation of C 2 : ( x − 4 )2 + y 2 = 32 …(ii)
⇒ (CC 1 )2 = (CC 2 )2 = (CC 3 )2
322 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
⇒ ( h − 0) 2 + ( k − 2) 2 = ( h + 6) 2 + ( k + 2) 2 ⇒ 3 cos θ = 2 + 2 sin θ
= ( h + 3) 2 + ( k + 6) 2 ⇒ 9 (1 − sin 2 θ ) = 4 (1 + sin θ )2
⇒ − 4k + 4 = 12h + 4k + 40 = 6h + 12k + 45
⇒ 9 (1 − sin θ ) = 4 (1 + sin θ ) (Q sin θ ≠ − 1)
⇒ 12h + 8k + 36 = 0
5 12
or 3h + 2k + 9 = 0 ...(i) ∴ sinθ = and cosθ =
13 13
and 6h − 8k − 5 = 0 ...(ii)
12 5 36 15
31 23 From Eq. (ii), P ≡ 3 × , 3 × i.e. P ≡ ,
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get h = − , k = − 13 13 13 13
18 12
Eq. (ii) OP will be maximum, if P becomes the point
Now, CP = CC 3 + C 3 P = CC 3 + 3 extended part of OC cuts the circle. Let this point be Q
2 2
31 23 5 then maximum value of OP = OQ = OC + CQ = ( 13 + 2)
= − 3 + + − 6 + +3 = (949 ) + 3
18 12 36 Let ∠ COX = α
Hence, equation of required circle is then, Q ≡ (OQ cos α, OQ sin α )
2 2 2
31 23 5 ≡ ((2 + 13 ) cos α, (2 + 13 ) sin α ) ... (iii)
x + + y + = 3 + 949
18 12 36 OL NC 2
Now, in ∆COL, cosα = = =
Remark OC OC 13
If radii of three given circles are distinct say r1 < r2 < r3 then the 3
∴ sinα =
radius of the required circle will be equal to (CC1 or CC2 or CC3) 13
+ r3 (QCC1 = CC2 = CC3)
4 6
Now, from Eq. (iii), Q ≡ 2 + ,3 +
l Ex. 38 Find the point P on the circle 13 13
x 2 + y 2 − 4 x − 6y + 9 = 0 such that
l Ex. 39 The circle x 2 + y 2 − 4 x − 8y + 16 = 0 rolls up the
(i) ∠ POX is minimum,
tangent to it at ( 2 + 3 , 3 ) by 2 units, assuming the X-axis as
(ii) OP is maximum, when O is the origin and OX is the
horizontal, find the equation of the circle in the new
X-axis.
position.
Sol. Given circle is
Sol. Given circle is
x 2 + y 2 − 4 x − 6y + 9 = 0
x 2 + y 2 − 4 x − 8y + 16 = 0 …(i)
or ( x − 2) 2 + ( y − 3) 2 = 22 .... (i)
Let P ≡ ( 2 + 3, 3)
Its centre is C ≡ (2, 3) and radius r = 2
Eq. (i) Let OP and ON be the two tangents from O to the
circle Eq. (i), then OP = ON = 3 B
2
Y Q
C A 2
N
(2,4) P (2 + 3, 3)
θ
60°
H θ
α P
X´ θ X
O L MK Equation of tangent to the circle Eq. (i) at P (2 + 3, 3) is
Y´
(2 + 3 ) x + 3y − 2 ( x + 2 + 3 ) − 4 (y + 3) + 16 = 0
then ∠ POX is minimum when OP is tangent to the circle
Eq. (i) at P or 3 x −y −2 3 =0 …(ii)
Let ∠ POX = θ Let A and B be the centres of the circles in old and new
positions, then
∴ P ≡ (OP cos θ, OP sin θ )
B ≡ (2 + 2 cos 60° , 4 + 2 sin 60° )
i.e. P ≡ (3 cos θ, 3 sin θ ) ...(ii)
(Q AB makes an angle 60° with X-axis)
From figure, OM = OL + LM = NC + HP = NC + CP sinθ
or B ≡ ( 3, 4 + 3 )
⇒ OP cos θ = NC + CP sin θ
Chap 04 Circle 323
1 + 2a
− (1 + 2a ) 2h − (1 + 2a )2
2 or 8h 2 − 2 2ah − 2h (1 + 2a ) +
2
1 − 2a (1 − 2a )2
− (1 − 2a ) −2h − =0 + 2h (1 − 2a ) + =0
2 2
or 8h 2 − 6 2ah + 1 + 2a 2 = 0
324 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
Hence, for two real and different values of h, we must have 2 cos 2α
⇒ .cos α = 1
+ + sin 2α
–2 – 2 2(1 − 2sin 2 α) cos α
⇒ =1
( −6 2a )2 − 4 ⋅ 8 ⋅ (1 + 2a 2 ) > 0 2sin α cos α
⇒ 1 − 2sin 2 α = sin α
or a2 − 4 > 0
⇒ 2sin α + sin α −1 = 0
2
∴ ( a + 2) ( a − 2) > 0
⇒ (2sin α −1) (sin α +1) = 0
∴ a ∈ ( −∞ , − 2) ∪ (2, ∞ )
⇒ sinα ≠ −1
1
l Ex. 41 A ball moving around the circle ∴ sinα =
x 2 + y 2 − 2 x − 4y − 20 = 0 in anti-clockwise direction leaves 2
it tangentially at the point P ( − 2 , − 2 ). After getting reflected ∴ α = 30°
from a straight line, it passes through the centre of the circle. Tangent at P( −2, − 2) is
Find the equation of the straight line if its perpendicular −2x − 2y − ( x − 2) − 2(y − 2) − 20 = 0
distance from P is 5/2. You can assume that the angle of ⇒ 3x + 4y + 14 = 0
incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. Slope of PM = −3 / 4
Sol. Radius of the circle = CP = 9 + 16 = 5 Q ∠PMQ = 90°− α = 90°−30° = 60°
Let the equation is of surface is y = mx + c m +3/ 4 4m + 3
∴ tan 60° = , 3=
5 1 − 3m / 4 4 − 3m
given PQ =
2 4 3 −3
−2m + 2 + c 5 ∴ m=
∴ =± …(i) 4 +3 3
(1 + m )2 2 5 2(1 − m ) + c
From Eq. (i) ± =
C (1, 2)
2 1 + m2
al 11 + 2 3 −39 + 2 3
rm we get c = or
No 4 +3 3 4 +3 3
P N
c being intercept on Y-axis made by surface is clearly–ve.
(–2, –2) Hence, the required line is
5/2 4 3 − 3 −39 + 2 3
90° α y= x +
–α α 4 + 3 3 4 +3 3
Q M Surface ⇒ ( 4 3 − 3) x − ( 4 + 3 3 )y − (39 − 2 3 ) = 0.
Tangent at P strikes it at the point M and after reflection
passes through the centre C (1, 2). l Ex. 42 Find the limiting points of the circles
Let MN be the normal at M. ( x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + c ) + λ ( x 2 + y 2 + 2 fy + d ) = 0 and show
∠ PMN = ∠NMC = α that the square of the distance between them is
PC (c − d ) 2 − 4 f 2 g 2 + 4cf 2 + 4dg 2
In ∆ PCM, tan2α =
PM
f 2 +g2
5
⇒ tan2α =
PM Sol. The given circles are
⇒ PM = 5 cot 2α …(ii) ( x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + c ) + λ ( x 2 + y 2 + 2 fy + d ) = 0
and in ∆ PQM 2g 2 fλ ( c + λd )
⇒ x2 + y2 + x+ y+ =0
5/2 1+ λ 1+ λ 1+ λ
sin(90°−α ) =
PM −g − f λ
5 Centre of the circle ,
∴ PM = …(iii) 1 + λ 1 + λ
2 cosα
Equating the radius of this circle to zero, we get
5
From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), 5 cot 2α = g2 f 2 λ2 ( c + λd )
2 cos α + − =0
(1 + λ ) 2
(1 + λ )2 (1 + λ )
⇒ 2 cot 2α cos α = 1
Chap 04 Circle 325
∴ ( λ 1 − λ 2 ) = ( λ 1 + λ 2 )2 − 4 λ 1λ 2 Y
P (r, θ)
(c + d ) 2
4(g − c ) 2
γ
= −
(f 2
− d )2 (f 2
− d) r β Q (r1, θ1)
r1
α
(c + d ) − 4 f g + 4cf
2 2 2 2
+ 4dg 2
θ1
= …(i) X´
a
X
(f −d)
2
O b G(b, 0)
Y´
(c + d ) + (c − d )2 − 4 f 2 g 2 + 4cf 2
+ 4dg 2
∴ λ1 = …(ii)
2( f 2 − d ) Let the polar coordinates of Q be (r1,θ1 ), we have to find the
(c + d ) − {(c − d ) − 4 f g + 4cf + 4dg }
2 2 2 2 2 locus of P (r ,θ ). In ∠OCQ
and λ 2 = …(iii) r12 + b 2 − a 2
2( f 2 − d ) cos θ1 = …(i)
2r1b
Hence, limiting points are
Q θ = α + θ1 , ∴ θ1 = θ − α …(ii)
−g − f λ1 −g −f λ2
, and , using sine rule in ∆OPQ
1 + λ1 1 + λ1 1 + λ 2 1 + λ 2
r r
= 1
Substituting the values of λ 1 and λ 2 from Eqs. (ii) and (iii) sin β sin γ
square of the distance between limiting points r sin γ
2 2 ∴ r1 = …(iii)
−g g − f λ1 f λ2 sin β
= + + +
1 + λ1 1 + λ 2 1 + λ1 1 + λ 2 Substituting the values of θ1 and r1 from Eqs. (ii )and (iii)
in Eq. (i)
(g + f ) (λ1 − λ 2 )
2 2 2
= r sin γ r 2 sin 2 γ
[1 + ( λ 1 + λ 2 ) + λ 1λ 2 ]2 2b cos(θ − α ) = + b2 − a2
sin β sin 2 β
{(c − d )2 − 4 f 2 g 2 + 4cf 2
+ 4dg 2 }
(g 2 + f 2 ) a 2 sin 2 β b 2 sin 2 β r sin β
(f 2
− d )2 ⇒ =r2 + − 2b cos(θ − α)
= 2 sin 2 γ sin 2 γ sin γ
g2 + f 2
2 sin β
f −d This is an equation of circle in polar form with radius .
sin γ
[(c − d )2 − 4 f 2 g 2 + 4cf 2
+ 4dg 2 ]
⇒
(g 2 + f 2 )
#L Circle Exercise 1 :
Single Option Correct Type Questions
n This section contains 30 multiple choice questions. 8. The number of rational point(s) (a point (a, b) is rational,
Each question has four choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) out of if a and b both are rational numbers) on the
which ONLY ONE is correct
circumference of a circle having centre (π, e) is
1. The sum of the square of the length of the chord (a) atmost one (b) atleast two
intercepted by the line x + y = n, n ∈ N on the circle (c) exactly two (d) infinite
x 2 + y 2 = 4 is 9. Three sides of a triangle have the equations
(a) 11 (b) 22 L r ≡ y − mr x − c r = 0; r = 1, 2, 3. Then
(c) 33 (d) None of these λL 2 L 3 + µL 3 L 1 + vL 1 L 2 = 0, where λ ≠ 0, µ ≠ 0,v ≠ 0 is
2. Tangents are drawn to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 50 from a the equation of circumcircle of triangle, if
point ‘P’ lying on the X -axis. These tangents meet the (a) λ (m2 + m3 ) + µ(m3 + m1 ) + v(m1 + m2 ) = 0
Y -axis at points ‘P1 ’ and ‘P2 ’. Possible coordinates of ‘P’ (b) λ (m2m3 − 1 ) + µ(m3m1 − 1 ) + v(m1m2 − 1 ) = 0
so that area of triangle PP1 P2 is minimum, is (c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
(a) (10, 0 ) (b) (10 2, 0) (c) ( −10 2, 0 ) (d) (10 3, 0 )
10. f ( x , y ) ≡ x 2 + y 2 + 2ax + 2by + c = 0 represent a circle. If
3. Equation of chord AB of circle x 2 + y 2 = 2 passing
f ( x , 0) = 0 has equal roots, each being 2 and f (0, y ) = 0
PB
through P(2, 2) such that = 3, is given by has 2 and 3 as its roots, then the centre of the circle is
PA
5
(a) x = 3y (b) x = y (a) 2, (b) Data are not consistent
2
(c) y − 2 = 3( x − 2 ) (d) y − 3 = 3( x − 1 )
5
(c) −2, − (d) Data are inconsistent
4. If r1 and r 2 are the radii of smallest and largest circles 2
which passes through (5, 6) and touches the circle 11. If (1 + αx )n = 1 + 8x + 24 x 2 + ... and a line through P(α, n )
( x − 2) 2 + y 2 = 4, then r1r 2 is
cuts the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 in A and B, then PA. PB is
4 41 5 41
(a) (b) (c) (d) equal to
41 4 41 5
(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 16 (d) 32
5. Equation of circle S ( x , y ) = 0, (S (2, 3) = 16) which touches 12. A region in the xy-plane is bounded by the curve
the line 3x + 4y − 7 = 0 at (1, 1) is given by
(a) x 2 + y 2 + x + 2y − 5 = 0 y = (25 − x 2 ) and the line y = 0. If the point (a, a + 1) lies
(b) x 2 + y 2 + 2 x + 2y − 7 = 0 in the interior of the region, then
(a) a ∈ ( −4,3 ) (b) a ∈ ( − ∞, − 1 ) ∪ (3, ∞ )
(c) x + y + 4 x − 6y + 13 = 0
2 2
(c) a ∈ ( −1, 3 ) (d) None of these
(d) x 2 + y 2 − 4 x + 6y − 7 = 0
13. S( x , y ) = 0 represents a circle. The equation S( x , 2) = 0
6. If P(2, 8) is an interior point of a circle gives two identical solutions x = 1 and the equation
x 2 + y 2 − 2x + 4y − λ = 0 which neither touches nor S(1, y ) = 0 gives two distinct solutions y = 0, 2, then the
intersects the axes, then set for λ is equation of the circle is
(a) ( − ∞, − 1 ) (b) ( − ∞, − 4 ) (a) x 2 + y 2 + 2 x − 2y + 1 = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 2y + 1 = 0
(c) (96, ∞ ) (d) φ
(c) x 2 + y 2 − 2 x − 2y − 1 = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 − 2 x − 2y + 1 = 0
7. The difference between the radii of the largest and π
smallest circles which have their centre on the 14. Let 0 < α < be a fixed angle. If P = (cos θ,sin θ) and
2
circumference of the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2x + 4y − 4 = 0 and Q = (cos(α − θ), sin (α − θ)), then Q is obtained from P by
pass through the point (a, b ) lying outside the given (a) clockwise rotation around origin through an angle α
circle is (b) anti-clockwise rotation around origin through an angle α
(a) 6 (b) (a + 1 ) 2 + (b + 2 ) 2 (c) reflection in the line through origin with slope tanα
(c) 3 (d) (a + 1 ) 2 + (b + 2 ) 2 − 3 α
(d) reflection in the line through origin with slope tan
2
Chap 04 Circle 327
15. The number of points ( x , y ) having integral coordinates 24. One of the diameter of the circle circumscribing the
satisfying the condition x + y < 25 is
2 2 rectangle ABCD is 4y = x + 7. If A and B are the points
( −3, 4 ) and (5, 4) respectively, then the area of the
(a) 69 (b) 80 (c) 81 (d) 77
rectangle is
16. The point ([P + 1],[P ]), (where [. ] denotes the greatest (a) 16 sq units (b) 24 sq units
integer function) lying inside the region bounded by the (c) 32 sq units (d) None of these
circle x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 15 = 0 and x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 7 = 0, then 25. A, B, C and D are the points of intersection with the
(a) P ∈ [ −1, 0 ) ∪ [ 0,1 ) ∪ [1, 2 ) (b) P ∈ [ −1,2 ) − { 0,1 } coordinate axes of the lines ax + by = ab and
(c) P ∈ ( −1, 2 ) (d) None of these bx + ay = ab, then
17. A point P lies inside the circles x 2 + y 2 − 4 = 0 and (a) A, B, C, D are concyclic
(b) A, B, C, D form a parallelogram
x 2 + y 2 − 8x + 7 = 0. The point P starts moving under the (c) A, B, C, D form a rhombus
conditions that its path encloses greatest possible area (d) None of the above
and it is at a fixed distance from any arbitrarily chosen
26. α, β and γ are parametric angles of three points P, Q and
fixed point in its region. The locus of P is
(a) 4 x 2 + 4y 2 − 12 x + 1 = 0 (b) 4 x 2 + 4y 2 + 12 x − 1 = 0
R respectively, on the circle x 2 + y 2 = 1 and A is the
(c) x 2 + y 2 − 3 x − 2 = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 − 3 x + 2 = 0
point ( −1, 0). If the lengths of the chords AP, AQ and AR
α β γ
are in GP, then cos , cos and cos are in
18. The set of values of ‘c’ so that the equations y = | x | + c 2 2 2
and x 2 + y 2 − 8 | x |−9 = 0 have no solution is (a) AP (b) GP
(a) ( − ∞, − 3 ) ∪ (3, ∞ ) (b) ( −3, 3 ) (c) HP (d) None of these
(c) ( − ∞, − 5 2 ) ∪ (5 2, ∞ ) (d) (5 2 − 4, ∞ ) 27. The equation of the circle passing through (2, 0) and
19. If a line segment AM = a moves in the plane XOY (0, 4) and having the minimum radius is
remaining parallel to OX so that the left end point A (a) x 2 + y 2 = 20
slides along the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 , the locus of M is (b) x 2 + y 2 − 2 x − 4y = 0
(a) x 2 + y 2 = 4a 2 (b) x 2 + y 2 = 2ax (c) ( x 2 + y 2 − 4 ) + λ ( x 2 + y 2 − 16 ) = 0
(c) x 2 + y 2 = 2ay (d) x 2 + y 2 − 2ax − 2ay = 0 (d) None of the above
20. The four points of intersection of the lines 28. A circle of radius unity is centred at the origin. Two
(2x − y + 1)( x − 2y + 3) = 0 with the axes lie on a circle particles start moving at the same time from the point
whose centre is at the point (1, 0) and move around the circle in opposite direction.
One of the particle moves anticlockwise with constant
7 5 3 5 9 5 5
(a) − , (b) , (c) , (d) 0, speed v and the other moves clockwise with constant
4 4 4 4 4 4 4
speed 3v. After leaving (1, 0), the two particles meet first
21. The number of integral values of λ for which at a point P and continue until they meet next at point
x 2 + y 2 + λx + (1 − λ )y + 5 = 0 is the equation of a circle Q. The coordinates of the point Q are
whose radius cannot exceed 5, is (a) (1, 0) (b) (0, 1) (c) (−1, 0) (d) (0, −1)
(a) 14 (b) 18 (c) 16 (d) None of these 29. The circle x + y = 4 cuts the line joining the points
2 2
22. Let φ( x , y ) = 0 be the equation of a circle. If φ (0, λ ) = 0 A(1, 0) and B(3, 4 ) in two points P and Q. Let
BP
= α and
4 PA
has equal roots λ = 2, 2 and φ ( λ , 0) = 0 has roots λ = , 5, BQ
5 = β, then α and β are roots of the quadratic equation
then the centre of the circle is QA
29 29 29 (a) x 2 + 2 x + 7 = 0 (b) 3 x 2 + 2 x − 21 = 0
(a) 2, (b) , 2 (c) −2, (d) None of these
10 10 10 (c) 2 x 2 + 3 x − 27 = 0 (d) None of these
23. The locus of the point of intersection of the tangents to 30. The locus of the mid-points of the chords of the circle
the circle x = r cos θ, y = r sin θ at points whose π
x 2 + y 2 + 4 x − 6y − 12 = 0 which subtend an angle of
π 3
parametric angles differ by is
3 radians at its circumference is
(a) x + y = 4(2 − 3 )r
2 2 2
(b) 3( x + y ) = 1
2 2 (a) ( x + 2 ) 2 + (y − 3 ) 2 = 6.25 (b) ( x − 2 ) 2 + (y + 3 ) 2 = 6.25
(c) x 2 + y 2 = (2 − 3 )r 2 (d) 3( x 2 + y 2 ) = 4r 2 (c) ( x + 2 ) 2 + (y − 3 ) 2 = 18.75 (d) ( x + 2 ) 2 + (y + 3 ) 2 = 18.75
328 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
#L Circle Exercise 2 :
More than One Correct Option Type Questions
This section contains 15 multiple choice questions. Each 37. An equation of a circle touching the axes of coordinates
question has four choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) out of which and the line x cos α + y sin α = 2 can be
MORE THAN ONE may be correct. 2
(a) x 2 + y 2 − 2 gx − 2 gy + g 2 = 0, where g =
(cosα + sin α + 1 )
31. If OA and OB are two perpendicular chords of the circle
2
r = a cos θ + b sin θ passing through origin, then the locus (b) x + y − 2 gx − 2 gy + g = 0, where g =
2 2 2
33. If the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 cuts each of the 39. The equation of the circle which touches the axis of
x y
circles x + y − 4 = 0, x + y − 6x − 8y + 10 = 0 and
2 2 2 2
coordinates and the line + = 1 and whose centre lies
3 4
x 2 + y 2 + 2x − 4y − 2 = 0 at the extremities of a diameter,
in the first quadrant is x 2 + y 2 − 2λx − 2λy + λ 2 = 0, then
then
λ is equal to
(a) c = −4 (b) g + f = c − 1
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) g 2 + f 2 − c = 17 (d) gf = 6
(c) 3 (d) 6
34. The possible value of λ ( λ > 0) such that the angle 40. If P is a point on the circle x 2 + y 2 = 9, Q is a point on
between the pair of tangents from point ( λ , 0) to the the line 7 x + y + 3 = 0, and the line x − y + 1 = 0, is the
π 2π
circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 lies in interval , is perpendicular bisector of PQ, then the coordinates of P
2 3 are
4 72 21
(a) , 2 2 (b) ( 0, 2 ) (a) (3, 0) (b) , −
3 25 25
4 4 72 21
(c) (1, 2 ) (d) , (c) (0, 3) (d) − ,
3 3 25 25
43. The equation of a tangent to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 25 (a) L is the radical axis of C1 and C 2
(b) L is the common tangent of C1 and C 2
passing through ( −2, 11) is
(c) L is the common chord of C1 and C 2
(a) 4 x + 3y = 25 (b) 3 x + 4y = 38
(d) L is perpendicular to the line joining centres of C1 and C 2
(c) 24 x − 7y + 125 = 0 (d) 7 x + 24y = 230
45. A square is inscribed in the circle
44. Consider the circles
C1 ≡ x 2 + y 2 − 2 x − 4y − 4 = 0 and
x 2 + y 2 − 10x − 6y + 30 = 0. One side of the square is
parallel to y = x + 3, then one vertex of the square is
C 2 ≡ x 2 + y 2 + 2 x + 4y + 4 = 0
(a) (3, 3) (b) (7, 3 )
and the line L ≡ x + 2y + 2 = 0, then (c) (6, 3 − 3 ) (d) (6, 3 + 3 )
#L Circle Exercise 3 :
Paragraph Based Questions
This section contains 7 paragraphs based upon each of the 51. If P ≡ (3, 4 ), then the coordinates of S are
paragraph 3 multiple choice questions have to be answered. 46 63 51 68
(a) − , (b) − , −
Each of these questions has four choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) 25 25 25 25
out of which ONLY ONE is correct. 46 68 68 51
(c) − , (d) − ,
Paragraph I 25 25 25 25
(Q. Nos. 46 to 48) Paragraph III
Consider the circle S : x 2 + y 2 − 4x − 1 = 0 and the line (Q. Nos. 52 to 54)
L : y = 3x − 1. If the line L cuts the circle at A and B. Equation of the circumcircle of a triangle formed by the lines
46. Length of the chord AB is L1 = 0, L2 = 0 and L3 = 0 can be written as
(a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 2 5 (d) 5 2 L1 L2 + λL2 L3 + µL3 L1 = 0, where λ and µ are such that
coefficient of x 2 = coefficient of y 2 and coefficient of xy = 0.
47. The angle subtended by the chord AB is the minor arc of
S is 52. L 1 L 2 2 + λL 2 L23 + µL 3 L21 = 0 represents
π 2π 3π 5π
(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) a curve passing through point of intersection of L1 = 0,
4 3 4 6 L2 = 0 and L3 = 0
48. Acute angle between the line L and the circle S is (b) a circle is coefficient of x 2 = coefficient of y 2 and
π π π π coefficient of xy = 0
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 4 3 2 (c) a parabola
Paragraph II (d) pair of straight lines
(Q. Nos. 49 to 51) 53. L 1 = 0, L 2 = 0 be the distinct parallel lines, L 3 = 0, L 4 = 0
P is a variable point on the line L = 0. Tangents are drawn to be two other distinct parallel lines which are not parallel
the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 from P to touch it at Q and R. The to L 1 = 0. The equation of a circle passing through the
vertices of the parallelogram formed must be of the form
parallelogram PQSR is completed.
(a) λL1L4 + µL2L3 = 0 (b) λL1L3 + µL2L4 = 0
49. If L ≡ 2x + y − 6 = 0, then the locus of the circumcenter of (c) λL1L2 + µL3L4 = 0 (d) λL12L3 + µL22L4 = 0
∆PQR is
(a) 2 x − y = 4 (b) 2 x + y = 3 54. If L 1 L 2 + λL 2 L 3 + µL 3 L 1 = 0 is such that µ = 0 and λ is
(c) x − 2y = 4 (d) x + 2y = 3 non-zero, then it represents
192 (a) a parabola
50. If P ≡ (6, 8), then area of ∆QRS is λ sq units. The
25 (b) a pair of straight lines
value of λ is (c) a circle
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 6 (d) an ellipse
330 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
Paragraph IV Paragraph VI
(Q. Nos. 55 to 57) (Q. Nos. 61 to 63)
Given two circles intersecting orthogonally having the length of Two variable chords AB and BC of a circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 are
common chord
24
unit. The radius of one of the circles is 3 units. such that AB = BC = a, M and N are the mid-points of AB
5 and BC respectively such that line joining MN intersect the
55. If radius of other circle is λ units, then λ is circle at P and Q, where P is closer to AB and O is the centre
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6 of the circle.
56. If angle between direct common tangents is 2θ, then 61. ∠OAB is
sin 2θ is (a) 15° (b) 30°
(c) 45° (d) 60°
4 4 6 12 24 62. Angle between tangents at A and C is
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 25 25 25 (a) 60° (b) 90°
(c) 120° (d) 150°
57. If length of direct common tangent is λ units, then λ is 2
(a) 12 (b) 24 (c) 36 (d) 48 63. Locus of point of intersection of tangents at A and C is
(a) x 2 + y 2 = a 2 (b) x 2 + y 2 = 2a 2
Paragraph V (c) x 2 + y 2 = 4a 2 (d) x 2 + y 2 = 8a 2
(Q. Nos. 58 to 60)
Consider the two circles C1 : x 2 + y 2 = a 2 and Paragraph VII
C 2 : x 2 + y 2 = b 2 ( a > b ). Let A be a fixed point on the circle (Q. Nos. 64 to 66)
C1 , say A ( a, 0) and B be a variable point on the circle C 2 . The t 1 , t 2 , t 3 are lengths of tangents drawn from a point ( h, k ) to
line BA meets the circle C 2 again at C. ‘O’ being the origin. the circles x 2 + y 2 = 4, x 2 + y 2 − 4x = 0 and x 2 + y 2 − 4 y = 0
58. If (OA ) 2 + (OB ) 2 + ( BC ) 2 = λ, then λ ∈ respectively further, t 14 = t 22 t 32 + 16. Locus of the point ( h, k )
(a) [5b 2 − 3a 2, 5b 2 + a 2 ] (b) [ 4b 2, 4b 2 + a 2 ]
consist of a straight line L1 and a circle C1 passing through
origin. A circle C 2 , which is equal to circle C1 is drawn
(c) [ 4a 2, 4b 2 ] (d) [5b 2 − 3a 2, 5b 2 + 3a 2 ]
touching the line L1 and the circle C1 externally.
59. The locus of the mid-point of AB is 64. Equation of L 1 is
2 2
a b2 a a2 (a) x + y = 0 (b) x − y = 0
(a) x − + y 2 = (b) x − + y 2 =
2 4 2 4 (c) 2 x + y = 0 (d) x + 2y = 0
2 2
b a2 b b2 65. Equation of C 1 is
(c) x − + y 2 = (d) x − + y 2 =
2 4 2 4 (a) x 2 + y 2 − x − y = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + y = 0
60. If ( BC ) 2 is maximum, then the locus of the mid-point of (c) x 2 + y 2 − x + 2y = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 − 2 x − 2y = 0
AB is 66. The distance between the centres of C 1 and C 2 is
(a) x 2 + y 2 = b 2 (b) x 2 + y 2 = (a + b ) 2
(a) 2 (b) 2
(c) x 2 + y 2 = (a − b ) 2 (d) None of these (c) 2 2 (d) 4
#L Circle Exercise 4 :
Single Integer Answer Type Questions
n
This section contains 10 questions. The answer to each question is a single digit integer, ranging from 0 to 9 (both
inclusive).
67. The point (1, 4) lies inside the circle x 2 + y 2 − 6x − 10y + λ = 0. If the circle neither touches nor cuts the axes, then the
difference between the maximum and the minimum possible values of λ is
68. Consider the family of circles x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 2λy − 8 = 0 passing through two fixed points A and B. Then the distance
between the points A and B is
Chap 04 Circle 331
69. If C 1 : x 2 + y 2 = (3 + 2 2 ) 2 be a circle and PA and PB are 73. A circle x 2 + y 2 + 4 x − 2 2y + c = 0 is the director circle
pair of tangents on C 1 , where P is any point on the of the circle C 1 and C 1 is the director circle of circle C 2
director circle of C 1 , then the radius of the smallest circle and so on. If the sum of radii of all these circles is 2 and
which touches C 1 externally and also the two tangents if c = λ 2, then the value of λ is
PA and PB, is
74. If the area bounded by the circles x 2 + y 2 = r 2 , r = 1, 2
70. If a circle S( x , y ) = 0 touches the point (2, 3) of the line λπ
1 and the rays given by 2x 2 − 3xy − 2y 2 = 0 , y > 0 is sq
x + y = 5 and S(1, 2) = 0, then radius of such circle is 4
λ units, then the value of λ is
units, then the value of λ 2 is.
75. The length of a common internal tangent of two circles
71. If real numbers x and y satisfy ( x + 5) 2 + (y − 12) 2 = 196, is 5 and that of a common external tangent is 13. If the
1
product of the radii of two circles is λ, then the value of
then the maximum value of ( x + y )
2 2 3
is λ is
72. If the equation of circle circumscribing the quadrilateral 4
formed by the lines in order are 76. Consider a circles S with centre at the origin and radius 4.
2x + 3y = 2, 3x − 2y = 3, x + 2y = 3 and 2x − y = 1 is given Four circles A, B, C and D each with radius unity and
by x 2 + y 2 + λx + µy + v = 0. Then the value of centres ( −3, 0), ( −1, 0), (1, 0) and (3, 0) respectively are drawn.
A chord PQ of the circle S touches the circle B and passes
| λ + 2 µ + ν| is
through the centre of the circle C. If the length of this
λ
chord can be expressed as λ , then the value of is
9
#L Circle Exercise 5 :
Matching Type Questions
n
This section contains 4 questions. Questions 77 and 78 78. Match the following
have four statements (A, B, C and D) given in Column I
and four statements (p, q, r and s) in Column II, and Column I Column II
questions 79 and 80 have three statements (A, B and C) (A) If ax + by − 5 = 0 is the equation of the chord (p) a + b =1
given in Column I and five statements (p, q, r, s and t) in of the circle ( x − 3 ) 2 + (y − 4 ) 2 = 4, which
Column II. Any given statement in Column I can have passes through (2 , 3 ) and at the greatest
correct matching with one or more statement(s) given in distance from the centre of the circle, then
Column II.
(B) Let O be the origin and P be a variable point (q) a + b =2
77. Consider the circles S 1 : x 2 + y 2 − 4 x − 6y + 12 = 0 and on the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2 x + 2y = 0. If the
locus of mid-point of OP is x 2 + y 2 + 2ax
S 2 :( x − 5) 2 + (y − 6) 2 = r 2 > 1
+ 2 by = 0, then
Column I Column II (C) If (a, b) be coordinates of the centre of the (r) a2 + b2 = 2
(A) S1 and S 2 touch internally, then (r − 1) is
2
(p) 3 smallest circle which cuts the circle
x 2 + y 2 − 2 x −4y − 4 = 0 and
divisible by
x 2 + y 2 − 10 x +12y + 52 = 0 orthogonally,
(B) S1 and S 2 touch externally, then r 2 + 2r + 3 (q) 4 then
is divisible by
(D) If a and b are the slope of tangents which are (s) a2 + b2 = 3
(C) S1 and S 2 intersect orthogonally, then r 2 − 1 (r) 5 drawn to the circle x 2 + y 2 − 6 3 x −
is divisible by 6y + 27 = 0 from the origin, then
(D) S1 and S 2 intersect so that the common chord (s) 6
is longest, then r 2 + 5 is divisible by
332 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
(C) If the shortest and largest distance from the (r) M + L = 30 (C) If the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2a1 x + b = 0 and (r) a1a 2 = b
point (6, −6) to the circle x 2 + y 2 − 4 x + 6y x 2 + y 2 + 2a 2 x + b = 0 (a1 ≠ a 2 ) and b ∈ R
−12 = 0 are L and M respectively, then cuts orthogonally, then
(s) M − L = 10 (s) a1a 2 = 1
#L Circle Exercise 6 :
Statement I and II Type Questions
n Directions (Q. Nos. 81 to 88) are Assertion-Reason type 84. Statement I Two tangents are drawn from a point on
questions. Each of these questions contains two the circle x 2 + y 2 = 50 to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 25, then
statements:
π
Statement I (Assertion) and Statement II (Reason) Each angle between tangents is
of these questions also has four alternative choices, only 3
one of which is the correct answer. You have to select the Statement II x 2 + y 2 = 50 is the director circle of
correct choice as given below :
x 2 + y 2 = 25.
(a) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; Statement II
is a correct explanation for Statement I 85. Statement I Circles x 2 + y 2 = 4 and x 2 + y 2 − 6x + 5 = 0
(b) Statement I is true, Statement II is true; Statement II intersect each other at two distinct points
is not a correct explanation for Statement I Statement II Circles with centres C 1 , C 2 and radii r1 , r 2
(c) Statement I is true, Statement II is false intersect at two distinct points if | C 1C 2 | < r1 + r 2
(d) Statement I is false, Statement II is true
86. Statement I The line 3x − 4y = 7 is a diameter of the
81. Statement I Only one tangent can be drawn from the circle x 2 + y 2 − 2x + 2y − 47 = 0
point (1, 3) to the circle x + y = 1
2 2
Statement II Normal of a circle always pass through
|3 − m| centre of circle
Statement II Solving = 1, we get only one
(1 + m 2 ) 87. Statement I A ray of light incident at the point (−3, −1)
real value of m gets reflected from the tangent at (0, − 1) to the circle
x 2 + y 2 = 1. If the reflected ray touches the circle, then
82. Statement I Tangents cannot be drawn from the point
equation of the reflected ray is 4y − 3x = 5
(1, λ ) to the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2x − 4y = 0
Statement I The angle of incidence = angle of reflection
Statement II (1 + 1) 2 + ( λ + 2) 2 < 1 2 + 2 2 i.e. ∠i = ∠r
83. Statement I Number of circles passing through (1, 4), 88. Statement I The chord of contact of the circle
(2, 3), (−1, 6) is one x 2 + y 2 = 1 w.r.t. the points (2, 3), (3, 5) and (1, 1) are
Statement II Every triangle has one circumcircle concurrent.
Statement II Points (1, 1), (2, 3) and (3, 5) are collinear.
Chap 04 Circle 333
Circle Exercise 7 :
Subjective Type Questions
n In this section, there are 16 subjective questions. 98. The circle x 2 + y 2 = 1 cuts the X -axis at P and Q.
89. Find the equation of the circle passing through (1, 0) and another circle with centre at Q and variable radius
(0, 1) and having the smallest possible radius. intersects the first circle at R above the X -axis and the
line segment PQ at S. Find the maximum area of the
90. Find the equation of the circle which touches the circle ∆QSR .
x 2 + y 2 − 6x + 6y + 17 = 0 externally and to which the
99. If the two lines a1 x + b1y + c 1 = 0 and a 2 x + b 2 y + c 2 = 0
lines x 2 − 3xy − 3x + 9y = 0 are normals.
cut the coordinate axes in concyclic points, prove that
91. A line meets the coordinate axes at A and B. A circle is a1a 2 = b1b 2 and find the equation of the circle.
circumscribed about the triangle OAB. If the distance of 100. The centre of the circle S = 0 lie on the line
the points A and B from the tangent at O, the origin, to
2x − 2y + 9 = 0 and S = 0 cuts orthogonally the circle
the circle are m and n respectively, find the equation of
the circle. x 2 + y 2 = 4. Show that circle S = 0 passes through two
fixed points and find their coordinates.
92. Find the equation of a circle which passes through the
point (2 , 0) and whose centre is the limit of the point of 101. Find the condition on a , b , c such that two chords of
intersection of the lines 3x + 5y = 1 and the circle
(2 + c ) x + 5c 2 y = 1 as c → 1. x 2 + y 2 − 2ax − 2by + a 2 + b 2 − c 2 = 0
passing through the point (a , b + c ) are bisected by the
93. Tangents are drawn from P (6, 8) to the circle x 2 + y 2 = r 2 .
line y = x .
Find the radius of the circle such that the area of the ∆
formed by tangents and chord of contact is maximum. 102. Two straight lines rotate about two fixed points. If
they start from their position of coincidence such that
94. 2x − y + 4 = 0 is a diameter of the circle which one rotates at the rate double that of the other. Prove
circumscribed a rectangle ABCD. If the coordinates of A that the locus of their point of intersection is a circle.
and B are A ( 4, 6) and B (1, 9 ) , find the area of rectangle
ABCD. 103. The base AB of a triangle is fixed and its vertex C moves
such that sin A = k sin B (k ≠ 1) . Show that the locus of
95. Find the radius of smaller circle which touches the straight C is a circle whose centre lies on the line AB and whose
line 3x − y = 6 at (1, − 3) and also touches the line y = x . ak
radius is equal to , a being the length of the base
96. If the circle C 1 , x 2 + y 2 = 16 intersects another circle C 2 (1 − k 2 )
of radius 5 in such a manner that the common chord is of AB.
maximum length and has a slope equal to (3/4), find the 104. Consider a curve ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 1 and a point P
coordinates of centre C 2 .
not on the curve. A line drawn from the point P
97. Let 2x 2 + y 2 − 3xy = 0 be the equation of a pair of intersects the curve at points Q and R. If the product
tangents drawn from the origin O to a circle of radius 3 PQ ⋅ PR is independent of the slope of the line, then
with centre in the first quadrant. If A is one of the points show that the curve is a circle.
of contact, find the length of OA.
334 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
#L Circle Exercise 8 :
Questions Asked in Previous 13 Year’s Exams
n This section contains questions asked in IIT-JEE, AIEEE, 111. A line L′ through A is drawn parallel to BD. Point S
JEE Main & JEE Advanced from year 2005 to 2017. moves such that its distances from the line BD and the
105. A circle is given by x + (y − 1) = 1, another circle C
2 2 vertex A are equal. If locus of S cuts L ′ at T 2 and T 3 and
AC at T 1 , then area of ∆T 1T 2 T 3 is
touches it externally and also the X -axis, then the locus
[IIT-JEE 2006, 5+5+5 M]
of its centre is [IIT-JEE 2005, 3M]
1 2
(a) {( x, y ): x = 4y } ∪ {( x, y ):y ≤ 0 }
2 (a) sq units (b) sq units
2 3
(b) {( x, y ): x 2 + (y − 1 ) 2 = 4 } ∪ {( x, y ):y ≤ 0 } (c) 1 sq units (d) 2 sq units
(c) {( x,y ): x 2 = y } ∪ {( 0,y ):y ≤ 0 }
112. If the lines 3x − 4y − 7 = 0 and 2x − 3y − 5 = 0 are two
(d) {( x,y ): x 2 = 4y } ∪ {( 0, y ):y ≤ 0 }
diameters of a circle of area 49π square units, the
106. If the circles x 2 + y 2 + 2ax + cy + a = 0 and equation of the circle is [AIEEE 2006, 6M]
x 2 + y 2 − 3ax + dy − 1 = 0 intersect in two distinct points P (a) x 2 + y 2 + 2 x − 2y − 47 = 0
and Q, then the line 5x + by − a = 0 passes through P and (b) x 2 + y 2 + 2 x − 2y − 62 = 0
Q for [AIEEE 2005, 6M]
(c) x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 2y − 62 = 0
(a) exactly one value of a (b) no value of a
(d) x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 2y − 47 = 0
(c) infinitely many values of a (d) exactly two values of a
107. A circle touches the X -axis and also touches the circle 113. Let C be the circle with centre (0, 0) and radius 3 units.
with centre at (0, 3) and radius 2. The locus of the centre The equation of the locus of the mid-points of the
of the circle is [AIEEE 2005, 3M] 2π
chords of the circle C that subtend an angle of at its
(a) an ellipse (b) a circle 3
(c) a hyperbola (d) a parabola centre is [AIEEE 2006, 6M]
3
108. If a circle passes through the point (a, b ) and cuts the (a) x 2 + y 2 = (b) x 2 + y 2 = 1
2
circle x 2 + y 2 = p 2 orthogonally, then the equation of 27 9
(c) x + y =
2 2
(d) x 2 + y 2 =
the locus of its centre is [AIEEE 2005, 3M] 4 4
(a) x 2 + y 2 − 3ax − 4by + (a 2 + b 2 − p 2 ) = 0
(b) 2ax + 2by − (a 2 − b 2 + p 2 ) = 0
114. Tangents are drawn from the point (17, 7) to the circle
(c) x 2 + y 2 − 2ax − 3by +(a 2 − b 2 − p 2 ) = 0 x 2 + y 2 = 169.
(d) 2ax + 2by − (a 2 + b 2 + p 2 ) = 0 Statement I The tangents are mutually perpendicular.
because
Paragraph
Statement II The locus of the points from which
(Q. Nos. 109 to 111)
mutually perpendicular tangents can be drawn to the
ABCD is a square of side length 2 units. C1 is the circle given circle is x 2 + y 2 = 338. [IIT-JEE 2007, 3M]
touching all the sides of the square ABCD and C 2 is the
circumcircle of square ABCD. L is a fixed line in the same (a) Statement I is True, statement II is True; statement II is a
correct explanation for statement I
plane and R is a fixed point.
(b) Statement I is True, statement II is True; statement II is
109. If P is any point of C 1 and Q is another point on C 2 , then not a correct explanation for statement I
PA 2 + PB 2 + PC 2 + PD 2 (c) Statement I is True, statement II is False
is equal to
QA 2 + QB 2 + QC 2 + QD 2 (d) Statement I is False, statement II is True
(a) 0.75 (b) 1.25 (c) 1 (d) 0.5 115. Consider a family of circles which are passing through
the point ( −1, 1) and are tangent to X -axis. If (h, k ) are
110. If a circle is such that it touches the line L and the circle
the coordinate of the centre of the circles, then the set
C 1 externally, such that both the circles are on the same
of values of k is given by the interval [AIEEE 2007, 3M]
side of the line, then the locus of centre of the circle is
1 1 1
(a) ellipse (b) hyperbola (a) − ≤ k ≤ (b) k ≤
(c) parabola (d) pair of straight line 2 2 2
1 1
(c) 0 ≤ k ≤ (d) k ≥
2 2
Chap 04 Circle 335
Answers
Exercise for Session 1 Exercise for Session 7
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (a) 1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c)
6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (c) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (b) 10. (a) 11. (d)
− 2 4 − 16 − 31
11. (b) 12. (a) 13. , ; 2 12. (a) 14. x + y − 6x − 6 y + 9 = 0
2 2
16. ,
5 5 21 63
15. x2 + y2 − 2x − 4 y − 4 = 0 17. 4x2 + 4 y2 + 6x + 10 y − 1 = 0 18. x + y − 5 = 0
16. x + y − 2x − 8 y + 15 = 0
2 2
n2
1. AB 2 = 4 AM 2 = 4 4 − = 2(8 − n 2 )
2
Hence, required sum = 2(8 − 1 2 + 8 − 2 2 ) = 22
B i.e. 3 5
M 3 5 − 2 3 5 + 2
∴ r1r2 = .
A 2 2
(0, 0) O 2
41
=
4
2. Tangent at (5 2 cosθ,5 2 sin θ ) is 5. Any circle which touches 3x + 4y − 7 = 0 at (1, 1) will be of the
form
x cosθ + y sin θ = 5 2
S ( x,y ) ≡ ( x − 1 ) 2 + (y − 1 ) 2 + λ (3 x + 4y − 7 ) = 0
∴ OP = 5 2 secθ, OP, = 5 2 cosecθ
Since, S(2, 3 ) = 16 ⇒1 + 4 + λ(11 ) = 16
∴ Area (∆PP1P2 ) = 2 × area of ∆OPP1 ∴ λ =1
1
= 2 × × 5 2 secθ × 5 2 cosec θ So, required circle will be x 2 + y 2 + x + 2y − 5 = 0
2
100 6. Let S ≡ x 2 + y 2 − 2x + 4y − λ = 0
= ,
sin 2θ for interval point P(2,8 ),
Area ( ∆PP1P2 ) min = 100 4 + 64 − 4 + 32 − λ < 0
π ⇒ λ > 96 …(i)
⇒ θ= ⇒ OP = 10
4 and x-intercept = 2 (1 + λ ) and y-intercept = 2 ( 4 + λ )
⇒ P ≡ (10, 0 ), ( −10, 0 ) given 2 (1 + λ ) < 0 ⇒ λ < −1 …(ii)
3. Let S ≡ x 2 + y 2 − 2 = 0, P ≡ (2,2) and 2 ( 4 + λ ) < 0 ⇒ λ < −4 …(iii)
∴ S1 = 2 2 + 2 2 − 2 = 6 > 0 from Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
⇒ P lies outside the circle λ ∈φ
PA. PB = ( PT ) 2 = S1 = 6 …(i) 7. Let S ≡ x 2 + y 2 + 2x + 4y − 4 = 0
PB Its centre C ≡ ( −1, − 2 ) and radius r = 3. The points on the circle
given =3 …(ii)
PA which are nearest and farthest to the point P (a, b ) are Q and R
respectively. Thus, the circle centred at Q having radius PQ will
be the smallest circle while the circle centred at R having
radius PR will be the largest required circle.
B P (a, b)
T
Q
(0, 0)
A
(2, 2) P C
A Q2(a–q)
P(q)
q Q1(a–q)
P (2, 4)
O
Equating the coefficients of x and x 2, we get
nα (nα − α ) P¢(– q)
nα = 8, = 24
1.2
8 (8 − α )
or = 24 ⇒ 8 − α = 6
2 Consider a line through origin y = mx. If Q and P are reflection
∴ α = 2 and n = 4 of each other with line mirror y = mx
x −2 y − 4 (Slope of PQ) ×m = −1
Equation of line is = = r , then point
cosθ sin θ sin θ − sin(α − θ )
(2 + r cosθ, 4 + r sin θ ) lies on the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4, or m = −1
cosθ − cos(α − θ )
then, (2 + r cosθ ) 2 + ( 4 + r sin θ ) 2 = 4 α 2θ − α
2 cos .sin
or r 2 + 4r (cosθ + 2 sin θ ) + 16 = 0 2 2
m = −1
16 α α − 2θ
∴ PA ⋅ PB = r1r2 = = 16 2 sin .sin
1 2 2
Aliter : PA ⋅ PB = ( PC ) 2 = 2 2 + 4 2 − 4 = 16 α
or m − cot = −1
12. For interior point OP < 5 2
α
C or m = tan
2
5 15. Since, x 2 + y 2 < 25 and x and y are integers, the possible values
P (a, a+1)
of x and y ∈ ( 0, ± 1, ± 2, ± 3, ± 4 ). Thus, x and y can be chosen in
B 5 A 9 × 9 = 81 ways. However, we have to exclude cases (3, 4), ( 4, 3 )
(–5, 0) O (0, 0) (5, 0) and ( 4, 4 ) i.e. 3 × 4 = 12 cases. Hence, the number of permissible
y=0 values
= 81 − 12 = 69
340 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
16. Q The point ([ P + 1],[ P ]) lies inside the circle From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
x 2 + y 2 − 2 x − 15 = 0, then (x − a )2 + y 2 = a 2
[ P + 1 ]2 + [ P ]2 − 2[ P + 1 ] − 15 < 0 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 2ax = 0
(1, 0) A a
O M
a
√8
q
X′ X
O L
⇒ ([ P ] + 1 ) 2 + [ P ]2 − 2([ P ] + 1 ) − 15 < 0
⇒ 2[ P ]2 − 16 < 0 ⇒[ P ]2 < 8 …(i)
Y′
Q Circles are concentric
∴point ([ P + 1 ],[ P ]) out side the circle ⇒ x 2 + y 2 = 2ax
x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 7 = 0 20. Equation of circle is (2x − y + 1)( x − 2y + 3) + λxy = 0
for circle coefficient of xy = 0
∴ ([ P ] + 1 ) + [ P ] − 2([ P + 1 ]) − 7 > 0
2 2
i.e. −5 + λ = 0,
⇒ ([ P ] + 1 ) 2 + [ P ]2 − 2([ P ] + 1 ) − 7 > 0
∴ λ =5
⇒ 2[ P ]2 − 8 > 0 ∴Circle is 2 x + 2y 2 + 7 x − 5y + 3 = 0
2
∴ [ P ]2 > 4 …(ii) 7 5 3
⇒ x2 + y 2 + x − y + = 0
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get 2 2 2
4 < [ P ]2 < 8 which is impossible 7 5
∴Centre is − ,
∴For no value of ‘P’ the point will be within the region. 4 4
17. The circles are x 2 + y 2 = 2 2 and ( x − 4) 2 + (y − 0) 2 = 3 2 λ2 (1 − λ ) 2
21. + − 5 ≤ 5
Y 4 4
⇒ λ2 + (1 − λ ) 2 − 20 ≤ 100
X ⇒ 2 λ2 − 2 λ − 119 ≤ 0
O
1 − 239 1 + 239
∴ ≤λ≤
2 2
⇒ −7.2 ≤ λ ≤ 8.2 (approx.)
For the point P to enclose greatest area, the arbitrarily chosen
3 1 ∴ λ = −7, − 6, − 5,...,7, 8
point should be , 0 and P should move in a circle of radius 22. Let φ( x,y ) ≡ x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0
2 2
3
2
1
2 ∴ φ( 0, λ ) = 0 + λ2 + 0 + 2 fλ + c = 0
The locus of P is x − + (y − 0 ) 2 =
2 2 have equal roots,
2f c
⇒ x + y − 3 x + 2 = 0.
2 2
Then, 2 + 2 = − and 2.2 =
1 1
18. Since, y = | x| + c and x + y 2 − 8 | x | − 9 = 0 both are symmetrical
2
∴ f = −2 and c = 4
about Y -axis for x > 0, y = x + c.
and φ( λ , 0 ) ≡ λ2 + 0 + 2 gλ + 0 + c = 0
Equation of tangent to circle x 2 + y 2 − 8 x − 9 = 0
∴ λ2 + 2 gλ + c = 0
Parallel to y = x + c is y = ( x − 4 ) + 5 (1 + 1 )
Here, c = 4
⇒ y = x + (5 2 − 4 )
∴ λ2 + 2 gλ + 4 = 0
for no solution c > 5 2 − 4,
have roots 4/5, 5
∴ c ∈ (5 2 − 4, ∞ ) 4
∴ + 5 = −2 g
19. Let ∠AOL = θ 5
∴ A ≡ (a cosθ, a sin θ ) 29
⇒ g=−
∴ M ≡ (a + a cosθ, a sin θ ) 10
x = a + a cosθ 29
∴ Centre ≡ ( − g, − f ) = , 2
⇒ ( x − a ) = a cosθ …(i) 10
and y = a sinθ
Chap 04 Circle 341
23. Circle is x 2 + y 2 = r 2 cos2 θ + r 2 sin 2 θ 26. Coordinates of P, Q, R are (cosα ,sin α ), (cosβ,sin β) and
x2 + y 2 = r 2 (cos γ,sin γ ) respectively.
and A ≡ ( −1, 0 )
Equation of tangent at θ is
α
x cosθ + y sin θ = r …(i) ∴ AP = ((1 + cosα ) 2 + sin 2 α ) = 2 cos
2
π π π
and at θ + is x cosθ + + y sin θ + = r β
3 3 3 AQ = ((1 + cosβ ) 2 + sin 2 β ) = 2 cos
2
1 3 1 3
⇒ x cosθ − sin θ + y sin θ + cosθ = r γ
2 2 2 2 AR = ((1 + cos γ ) 2 + sin 2 γ ) = 2 cos
2
⇒ x cosθ + y sin θ − x 3 sin θ + y 3 cosθ = 2r
Q AP , AQ, AR are in GP, then
⇒ r − 3( x sin θ − y cosθ ) = 2r α β γ
cos , cos , cos are also in GP.
r 2 2 2
or x sin θ − y cosθ = − …(ii)
3 27. Let equation of circle be
Squaring and adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), then we get x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0
4r 2
x2 + y 2 = ⇒ 3( x 2 + y 2 ) = 4r 2 It pass through (2, 0) and (0, 4), then 4 + 0 + 4 g + 0 + c = 0
3 (c + 4 )
24. Let MN be the diameter of the circle whose equation is ⇒ g=− and 0 + 16 + 0 + 8 f + c = 0
4
4y = x + 7 …(i) (c + 16 )
⇒ f =−
M 8
C Q Radius r = ( g 2 + f 2 − c )
(c + 4 ) 2 (c + 16 ) 2
B = + −c
O
16 64
D
L
4 {c 2 + 8c + 16 } + {c 2 + 32c + 256 } − 64c
=
A 64
N
5c 2 + 320
and coordinates of A and B are ( −3, 4 ) and (5, 4 ) respectively. =
64
Equation of ⊥ bisector of AB is [ L ≡ (1, 4 )]
1 For minimum radius c = 0
y − 4 = − (x − 1) (Qslope of AB = 0 ) ∴ g = −1, f = −2
0
∴ x =1 ...(ii) Required circle is x 2 + y 2 − 2 x − 4y = 0
Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get the coordinates of the centre of 28. The particle which moves clockwise is moving three times as
the circle as (1, 2) fast as the particle moving anticlockwise (Q speed in clockwise
3v and in anticlockwise v).
∴ OL = (1 − 1 ) + ( 4 − 2 ) = 2
2 2
∴ BC = 2OL = 4 unit P
AB = 8 unit
∴Area of rectangle ABCD = 4 × 8
= 32 sq units. v
25. QOC ⋅ OA = ab = OB ⋅ OD Q (1, 0)
∴A, B, C, D are concyclic.
3v
Y
(0, b) D
3
B This mean the clockwise particle travels th of the way
4
(0, a) ax+
b y= 1
ab around the circle, the anticlockwise particle will travel th
A 4
X
O C (b, 0 ) of the way around the circle. So, the second particle will meet
(a, 0) at P( 0,1 ).
Using the same logic, they will meet at Q( −1, 0 ), when they
bx+ay=ab
meet the second time.
342 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
BP 2
29. Q =α 5
= ( x1 + 2 ) + (y1 − 3 )
2 2
or
PA 2
BP : PA = α :1 25
3 + α 4 ⇒ = x12 + y12 + 4 x1 − 6y1 + 13
∴Coordinates of P is , , P lie on x + y = 4
2 2
4
1 + α α + 1
4 x12 + 4y12 + 16 x1 − 24y1 + 27 = 0
⇒ (α + 3 ) 2 + 16 = 4(α + 1 ) 2
∴ Locus of mid-point is
⇒ 3α 2 + 2α − 21 = 0 …(i) 27
x 2 + y 2 + 4 x − 6y + =0
Y 4
(0, 2)
⇒ ( x + 2 ) 2 + (y − 3 ) 2 = 6.25
B (3, 4)
31. Q r = a cosθ + b sin θ
P ⇒ r 2 = a(r cosθ ) + b(r sin θ )
X or x 2 + y 2 = ax + by (Qx = r cosθ, y = r sin θ )
(–2, 0) O A (2, 0)
(1, 0) or x + y − ax − by = 0
2 2
…(i)
Circle pass through O (origin)
Q
given ∠AOB = 90 °
O
BQ β 90°
and =
QA 1
BQ
BQ :QA = β :1 or −1 = β −1 B A
QA C a, b
2 2
AB (β − 1 )
=
QA 1
AB :QA = (β − 1 ):1
β − 3 −4 a b
∴Coordinates of Q is ∴AB is Diameter of circle Eq. (i), Centre is ,
, 2 2
β −1 β − 1
∴Locus of mid point AB (Q mid-point of AB is C)
Q lie on x 2 + y 2 = 4
a b
∴ (β − 3 ) 2 + 16 = 4 (β − 1 ) 2 x = ,y =
2 2
⇒ 3β 2 − 21β − 21 = 0 −3 − 2
32. Slope of PC = =1
Hence, α is a root of 3 x 2 + 2 x − 21 = 0 2 −7
and β is a root of 3 x 2 − 2 x − 21 = 0 If tanθ = 1
π ∴ θ = 45 °
30. Q ∠ACB = (given) x −7 y −2
3 Equation of PA is = =r
1 1
2π
∴ ∠AOB = 2 2
3
B A
4
4
5 B
C
(–2, 3) p/3 M(x1, y1)
O p/3 45°
p/3 5 P
(7, 2)
C A
r r
∴ 7 + ,2 + lie on circle,
π 2 2
⇒ ∠AOM = ∠BOM = 2 2
3 r r r r
then, 7 + + 2 + − 47 + +6 2 + −3 = 0
Let mid-point of chord AB is ( x1, y1 ) 2 2 2 2
∴ In ∆ AOM, ∴ r2 = −5 2 ± 4
π OM ( x1 + 2 ) + (y1 − 3 )2 2
∴ r = −5 2 ± 4
cos = =
3 OA 5
Chap 04 Circle 343
S1 I
(–g,–f) X
a/2 C (h, 0)
P (1, 0)
a/2
(x1 , y ) (g2+f2–c) x+y=1
1 S2
A (0, –1)
39. For condition of tangency
| 4 λ + 3 λ − 12| Then, centres are (6, 0) and (4, 0)
= λ ⇒ 7 λ − 12 = ±5 λ
5 42. QC 2 is the director circle of C1
∴ λ = 1, 6 ∴Equation of C 2 is
Y x 2 + y 2 = 2(2 ) 2 = 8
(0, 4)
B Again C 3 is the director circle of C 2. Hence, the equation of C 3
is
x 2 + y 2 = 2(8 ) = 16
(1, 1) l
43. The equation of tangent in terms of slope of x 2 + y 2 = 25 is
P
X y = mx ± 5 (1 + m 2 ) …(i)
O A
(3, 0) Given Eq. (i), pass through ( −2,11 ), then
40. Let coordinates of P ≡ (3 cosα ,3 sin α ) 11 = −2m ± 5 (1 + m 2 )
Let x-coordinate of Q is x1, then squaring both sides, then we get
y-coordinate of Q is −7 x1 − 3 21m 2 − 44m − 96 = 0
∴ Q ≡ ( x1, − 7 x1 − 3 ) ⇒ (7m − 24 )(3m + 4 ) = 0
Q x − y + 1 = 0 is the perpendicular bisector of PQ, then 4 24
∴ m=− ,
mid-point of PQ lie on x − y + 1 = 0 3 7
3 cosα + x1 3 sin α − 7 x1 − 3 There from Eq. (i) we get required tangents are
⇒ − +1 = 0
2 2 24 x − 7y ± 125 = 0 and 4 x + 3y = ±25
⇒ 8 x1 + 3 cosα − 3 sin α + 5 = 0 Hence, tangents are 24 x − 7y + 125 = 0 and 4 x + 3y = 25
⇒ 24 x1 + 9 cosα − 9 sin α + 15 = 0 …(i) 44. C1 ≡ x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 4y − 4 = 0 …(i)
and slope of ( x − y + 1 = 0 ) × slope of PQ = −1
and C 2 ≡ x + y + 2 x + 4y + 4 = 0
2 2
…(ii)
3 sin α + 7 x1 + 3
⇒ 1× = −1 ∴Radical axis is C1 − C 2 = 0
3 cosα − x1
⇒ −4 x − 8y − 8 = 0
⇒ 3 sin α + 7 x1 + 3 = −3 cosα + x1
or x + 2y + 2 = 0 which is L = 0
⇒ 6 x1 + 3 sin α + 3 cosα + 3 = 0
(a) Option is correct.
⇒ 24 x1 + 12 sin α + 12 cosα + 12 = 0 …(ii)
Centre and radius of C1 = 0 are (1, 2) and 3.
Subtracting Eqs. (i) and (ii), we obtain
Q Length of ⊥ from (1, 2) on L = 0
−3 cosα − 21 sin α + 3 = 0
|1 + 4 + 2| 7
⇒ (1 − cosα ) = 7 sin α is = ≠ radius
1+ 4 5
⇒ (1 − cosα ) 2 = 49(1 − cos2 α )
∴(b) Option is wrong.
⇒ (1 − cosα ) 2 = 49(1 + cosα )(1 − cosα )
L is also the common chord of C1 and C 2.
⇒ (1 − cosα )(1 − cosα − 49 − 49 cosα ) = 0 ∴(c) Option is correct.
24
∴ cosα = 1 and cosα = − Q Centres of C1 = 0 and C 2 = 0 are (1, 2) and ( −1, − 2 )
25
∴Slope of Line joining centres of circles C1 = 0 and C 2 = 0 is
72 21 −2 − 2 4
∴Coordinates of P are (3, 0) and − , . = = 2 = m1
25 25 (say)
−1 − 1 2
Chap 04 Circle 345
and
1
slope of L = 0 is − = m2 (say) From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get x 2 + (3 x − 1 ) 2 − 4 x − 1 = 0
2 or 10 x 2 − 10 x = 0
∴ m1m2 = −1 ∴ x = 0 and x = 1
Hence, L is perpendicular to the line joining centres of C1 and C 2. From Eq. (ii), y = −1 and y = 2
∴ (d) Option is correct. ∴ A ≡ ( 0, − 1 ) and B ≡ (1,2 )
45. Let slope of OA is m,
46. AB = ( 0 − 1) 2 + ( −1 − 2) 2 = 10
m −1
Then, = tan 45 ° 47. Let ∠ACB = 2θ
1+m
5 5
∴ CM = =
C 10 2
CM 1
⇒ cosθ = =
5 2
π
O (5, 3)
∴ θ=
D B 4
2 π 3π
2 Required angle = ∠APB = π − θ = π − =
m 4 4
λ
x+
0. x + ( −1 ). y − 2( x + 0 ) − 1 = 0
A
or 2x + y + 1 = 0
m −1 m −1 ∴ Slope (m1 ) = −2
⇒ = ±1 or = −1
1+m m+1 and slope of line L is m2 = 3
⇒ m − 1 = −m − 1 −2 − 3
If θ be the angle between L and S, then tan θ = =1
∴ m=0 1 + ( −2 )(3 )
∴Equation of OA is y = 3 π
∴ θ=
Solving y = 3 and x 2 + y 2 − 10 x − 6y + 30 = 0 4
⇒ x 2 + 9 − 10 x − 18 + 30 = 0 Sol. (Q. Nos. 49 to 51)
⇒ x − 10 x + 21 = 0
2 Q PQ = PR,
⇒ ( x − 7 )( x − 3 ) = 0 parallelogram PQRS is a rhombus.
or x = 3, 7
∴Two vertices are (3, 3) and (7, 3) and other diagonal is ⊥ to
y = 3 and through centre (5, 3) is x = 5. P
Now, solving x = 5 and x 2 + y 2 − 10 x − 6y + 30 = 0 Q
⇒ 25 + y 2 − 50 − 6y + 30 = 0
2
⇒ y 2 − 6y + 5 = 0
L=0
⇒ (y − 1 ) (y − 5 ) = 0 or y = 1, 5 O
2
∴Other two vertices are (5, 1) and (5, 5). R
Sol. (Q. Nos. 46 to 48)
S
S : x 2 + y 2 − 4x − 1 = 0 …(i)
L :y = 3 x − 1 …(ii) ∴Mid-point of QR = mid point of PS and QR ⊥ PS
Therefore, S in the mirror image of P w.r.t. QR.
Q 49. Let P( λ,6 − 2λ ) be any point on L = 0
q Q Circumcircle of ∆PQR always pass through O
∴OP is diameter of circle.
C (2, 0) B λ
q Ö5 Then, centre is ,3 − λ So,
2
q
Ö5 λ
M x= and y = 3 − λ
P 2
A
or 2 x + y = 3 is the locus of the circumcenter of ∆PQR.
346 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
RL3 3r 1 24
50. Area of ∆QRS = Area of ∆PQR = …(i) ⇒ d = = (given)
R + L2
2
9+r 2 2 5
Here, R = 2, L = S1 = (6 2 + 8 2 − 4 ) = 96 r 4
⇒ =
From Eq. (i), (9 − r ) 5
2
2 × 96 × 96 192 6 192 λ ∴ r =4
Area of ∆QRS = = = (given)
4 + 96 25 25 55. λ = r = 4
∴ λ =6 56. Q(C1C 2 ) 2 = r 2 + 3 2 = 16 + 9 = 25
51. Let S ≡ (α,β) ∴ C1C 2 = 5
QS is the mirror image of P w.r.t. QR. BM 4 − 3 1
In ∆ABM, sinθ = = =
Eq. (i) of QR is 3 x + 4y = 4, then AB C1C 2 5
α − 3 β − 4 −2 (3 .3 + 4 . 4 − 4 ) 2
= = 1 1 4 6
3 4 32 + 42 ∴ sin 2θ = 2 sin θ cosθ = 2 × × 1 − =
5 5 25
42
=−
25 57. Length of direct common tangent = (C1C 2 ) 2 − (r − 3) 2
51 68 = (5 ) 2 − (1 ) 2
∴ α = − and β = −
25 25
= 24 = λ (given)
51 68
Hence, S ≡ − ,− ∴ λ2 = 24
25 25
Sol. (Q. Nos. 58 to 60)
Sol. (Q. Nos. 52 to 54)
Y
52. This is third degree equation which satisfy the point of
intersection of L1 = 0, L2 = 0 and L3 = 0.
53. λL1L2 + µL3L4 = 0 will always pass through the vertices of the C C1
parallelogram for all λ, µ ∈ R ~ { 0 } C2
D L2=0 C B
X¢ X
O A(a, 0)
L4=0
L3=0
A L1=0 B
54. Since, µ = 0 Y¢
So, L1L2 + λL2L3 = 0 Let equation of line AB be
⇒ L2( L1 + λL3 ) = 0 x −a y − 0
= =r
This is the equation of pair of straight lines. cosθ sin θ
Sol. (Q. Nos. 55 to 57) Coordinates of any point on the line AB is (a + r cosθ,r sin θ ),
Let 2d = length of common chord and ∠PC1C 2 = φ, then then
d B ≡ (a + r1 cosθ,r1 sin θ )
sin φ =
3 and C ≡ (a + r2 cosθ,r2 sin θ )
M
58. λ = (OA ) 2 + (OB ) 2 + ( BC ) 2
A = a 2 + b 2 + (r1 − r2 ) 2 cos2 θ+ (r1 − r2 ) 2 sin 2 θ
q P r
B = (a 2 + b 2 ) + (r1 − r2 ) 2
q f (90°–f) = (a 2 + b 2 ) + 4a 2 cos2 θ − 4(a 2 − b 2 )
Q C1 C2
(Q B and C lie on x 2 + y 2 = b 2
∴ (a + r cosθ ) 2 + (r sin θ ) 2 = b 2
or r 2 + 2ar cosθ + a 2 − b 2 = 0
∴ r1 − r2 = 4a 2 cos2 θ − 4(a 2 − b 2 )
d d
and sin(90°− φ ) = or cos φ = ⇒ λ = 5b 2 − 3a 2 + 4a 2 cos2 θ
r r
d2 d2 Q 0 ≤ cos2 θ ≤ 1
1= + ∴ λ ∈ [5b 2 − 3a 2,5b 2 + a 2 ]
9 r2
Chap 04 Circle 347
59. Let (h,k ) be the mid-point of AB and let (α ,β) be the coordinates 64. Locus of (h,k ) is [From Eq. (i)]
of B, then L1 : x + y = 0
a +α 0+β
= h and =k 65. Locus of (h,k ) is [From Eq. (ii)]
2 2
⇒ α = 2h − a and β = 2k C1 : x 2 + y 2 − 2 x − 2y = 0
Since, (α , β ) lies on x 2 + y 2 = b 2 66. Q Circle C 2 is equal to circle C1
⇒ (2h − a ) 2 + (2k ) 2 = b 2 ∴Radius of circle C 2 = radius of circle C1 = 2
b2
2 ∴Distance between the centres of C1 and C 2
a
h − + k =
2
or
= 2+ 2
2 4
=2 2 (Q circles C1 and C 2 touch externally)
Hence, locus of (h, k ) is
2 67. The given circle is
a b2
x − + y =
2
S :( x − 3 ) 2 + (y − 5 ) 2 = ( (34 − λ ) ) 2
2 4
Since, point P(1, 4 ) lies inside the circle
60. The locus of mid-point of AB, when BC is maximum is a fixed
point M on X -axis. ∴ S1 < 0
Sol. (Q. Nos. 61 to 63) ⇒ 1 + 16 − 6 − 40 + λ < 0
61. From the figure OA = OB = AB = a or λ < 29 …(i)
Also, circle neither touches nor cuts the axes, then
A
P 3 > (34 − λ ) or λ > 25 …(ii)
t 22 = h 2 + k 2 − 4h, R
B¢
t 32 = h 2 + k 2 − 4k
given t14 = t 22t 32 + 16 Q
B
or (h + k − 4 ) = (h + k − 4h )(h + k − 4k ) + 16
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
which pass through (1, 0), then a + 0 = 1 (B) Let P be the point (h, k ), then h 2 + k 2 + 2h + 2k = 0 …(i)
∴ a =1 h k
and touch circle B with centre ( −1, 0 ) and radius 1, then mid-point of OP is ,
2 2
| −a + 0 − 1|
=1 Let
h
x = ,y =
k
a2 + b2 2 2
or a 2 + b 2 = (a + 1 ) 2 or h = 2 x, k = 2y
or b 2 = 2a + 1 = 3 From Eq. (i), 4 x 2 + 4y 2 + 4 x + 4y = 0
∴ b= 3 or x2 + y 2 + x + y = 0
From Eq. (i), Equation of chord is x + 3 y = 4 On comparing, we get
1 2a = 1, 2b = 1
∴ OM = and OP = 4
2 1
or a =b =
∴ PQ = 2 PM = 2 (OP ) 2 − (OM ) 2 2
1 ∴ a +b =1
= 2 16 − = 63 = λ (C) Centre of circles are C1 :(1, 2 ) and C 2 :(5, − 6 )
4
−6 − 2
∴ λ = 63 Equation of C1C 2 is y − 2 = (x − 1)
5 −1
λ
Hence, =7 or 2x + y − 4 = 0 ...(i)
9
Equation of radical axis is 8 x − 16y − 56 = 0
77. Q S1 :( x − 2) 2 + (y − 3) 2 = 1 or x − 2y − 7 = 0 …(ii)
Centre C1 :(2,3 ) and radius r1 :1 and S 2 :( x − 5 ) 2 + (y − 6 ) 2 = r 2 Point of intersection of Eqs. (i) and (ii) are (3, −2)
Centre C 2 :(5,6 ) and radius r2 :r ∴ a = 3, b = −2
⇒ C1C 2 = 3 2 or a +b =1
(A)QS1 and S 2 touch internally, then (D) Let S ≡ x 2 + y 2 − 6 3 x − 6y + 27 = 0
C1C 2 = r2 − r1 S1 = 0 2 + 0 2 − 0 − 0 + 27 = 27
or 3 2 = r −1 T = 0. x + 0. y − 3 3( x + 0 ) − 3(y + 0 ) + 27
or (r − 1 ) 2 = 18 = −3 3 x − 3y + 27
(B)QS1 and S 2 touch externally, then
Eq. of the pair of tangents is given by
C1C 2 = r2 + r1
SS1 = T 2
or 3 2 =r +1
⇒ 27( x 2 + y 2 − 6 3 x − 6y + 27 ) = ( −3 3 x − 3y + 27 ) 2
or r 2 + 2r + 3 = (r + 1 ) 2 + 2 = 18 + 2 = 20
or 3 ( x 2 + y 2 − 6 3 x − 6y + 27 ) = ( 3 x + y − 9 ) 2
(C)QS1 and S 2 intersect orthogonally, then
(C1C 2 ) 2 = r12 + r22 or 18y 2 − 18 3 xy = 0
⇒ 18 = r 2 + 1 or 18y (y − 3 x ) = 0
or r 2 − 1 = 16 the tangents are y = 0, y = 3 x
(D)QS1 and S 2 intersect, the common chord is S1 − S 2 = 0 ∴ a = 0, b = 3
i.e. 6 x + 6y + r 2 − 49 = 0 then, a2 + b2 = 3
Given, common chord is longest, then passes through (2, 3) 79. (A)Q P ≡ (10,7)
⇒ 12 + 18 + r 2 − 49 = 0 and S = x 2 + y 2 − 4 x − 2y − 20
or r = 19
2
∴ S1 = 100 + 49 − 40 − 14 − 20 > 0
∴ r 2 + 5 = 24 ∴P outside the circle, radius r = 4 + 1 + 20 = 5
78. (A) Since (2, 3) lies on ax + by − 5 = 0 centre C ≡ (2,1 )
∴ 2a + 3b − 5 = 0 …(i) ∴Shortest distance L = CP − r
Since, line is at greatest distance from centre = (10 − 2 ) 2 + (7 − 1 ) 2 − 5
4 − 3 a = (64 + 36 ) − 5 = 10 − 5 = 5
⇒ − = −1 i.e. a = b
3 − 2 b
And largest distance M = CP + r
From Eq. (i), a = b = 1
= 10 + 5 = 15
∴ a + b = 2 and a 2 + b 2 = 2
M + L = 20, M − L = 10
350 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
86. Q Centre of circle (1, −1) lies on 3x − 4y = 7 For minimum radius, c must be equal to zero, then from
∴ 3 x − 4y = 7 is a diameter of circle Eqs. (ii) and (iii),
1 1
x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 2y − 47 = 0 g=− and f = −
2 2
∴Statement I is true. Equation of required circle, from Eq. (i), is
Statement II is always true but Statement I is not a correct x2 + y 2 − x − y = 0
explanation of Statement I.
90. The given circle is
87. Statement I is true, line 4y − 3x − 5 = 0 passes through
x 2 + y 2 − 6 x + 6y + 17 = 0
A( −3, − 1 ) and its distance from O( 0, 0 ) is 1 unit = radius of circle
Centre and radius of this circle are (3, − 3 ) and 9 + 9 − 17 = 1
Y
respectively. But given the required circle has normals
5
x=
–3
C2 (3, 1)
4y
X¢ X
O
r
i r
Y¢ C1 (3, – 3)
Equation of tangent at (0,0) of Eq. (i) is 93. Equation of chord of contact (QR) is 6x + 8y − r 2 = 0
a b | 6 ⋅6 + 8 ⋅8 − r 2 | | 100 − r 2 |
0 ⋅ x + 0 ⋅ y − (x + 0) − (0 + y ) = 0 ∴ PM = =
2 2
(6 2 + 8 2 ) 10
or ax + by = 0
a ⋅a + 0 | 0 + 0 − r2 | r2
∴ m = AL = and OM = =
a2 + b2 (6 2 + 8 2 ) 10
a2
or m= ...(ii) P (6, 8)
a2 + b2
Q
a ⋅ 0 + b ⋅b
and n = BM = M
a2 + b2 r
R
b2 O (0 r
∴ n= ...(iii) , 0)
a2 + b2
Adding Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get
m + n = (a 2 + b 2 )
From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get then QR = 2 ⋅ QM = 2 {(OQ ) 2 − (OM ) 2 }
a = ± m (m + n ) and b = ± n (m + n ) r4
= 2 r 2 −
From Eq. (i), equation of required circle is 100
x 2 + y 2 ± m (m + n ) x ± n(m + n ) y = 0 1
∴ Area of ∆QPR = ⋅ QR ⋅ PM
92. Solving the equations 2
(2 + c ) x + 5c 2y = 1 and 3 x + 5y = 1 1 r 4 | 100 − r 2 |
∆ ( say ) = ⋅ 2 r 2 − .
1 − 3x 2 100 10
then (2 + c ) x + 5c 2 =1
5
r 2 (100 − r 2 ) 3
or (2 + c ) x + c 2 (1 − 3 x ) = 1 ∴ ∆2 = =z (say)
1000
1 − c2 dz 1
∴ x= ∴ = {r 2 . 3 (100 − r 2 ) 2 . ( −2r ) + (100 − r 2 ) 3 ⋅ 2r }
2 + c − 3c 2 dr 1000
(1 + c ) (1 − c ) 1+c 2r (100 − r 2 ) 2
or x= = = {100 − r 2 − 3r 2 }
(3 c + 2 ) (1 − c ) 3c + 2 1000
1+c dz
∴ x = Lim For maximum or minimum = 0, then we get r = 5, ( r ≠ 10 as
c → 1 3c + 2 dr
2 P is outside the circle)
x=
5 d 2z
= − ve
and
6 dr 2r = 5
1−
1 − 3x 5 =− 1
∴ y = = ∴ ∆ is also maximum at r = 5 .
5 5 25
2 1 94. Since, A ( 4, 6) and B (1, 9) do not lie on 2x − y + 4 = 0.
Therefore, the centre of the required circle is , − but
5 25 5 15
Let M be the mid-point of AB, then coordinates of M is ,
circle passes through (2, 0) 2 2
2 1
2 2 B (1, 9)
∴ Radius of the required circle = − 2 + − − 0 5 ,15
5 25 M 2 2
64 1 1601
= + = A (4, 6)
25 625 625
k) P
(h,
0
2 2
2 1 1601
y+
x − + y + = C
5 25 625
2x –
or 25 x 2 + 25y 2 − 20 x + 2y − 60 = 0
D
Chap 04 Circle 353
9 −6 ⇒ 4|k + 2| =2 5 |k + 3|
Slope of AB = = −1
1−4 ⇒ 2|k + 2| = 5 |k + 3|
∴ Slope of PM = 1 5
15 5 ∴ k+2=±(k + 3 )
Equation of PM is, y − = 1 . x − 2
2 2 ∴ k = − 7 − 2 5 or k = − 7 + 2 5
which passes through P (h, k ), then
Since, radius from Eq. (ii),
15 5
k− =h − or k −h =5 …(i) 4|k + 2|
2 2 r=
2
and (h, k ) lie on 2 x − y + 4 = 0
4 | −7 − 2 5 + 2 |
∴ 2h − k + 4 = 0 …(ii) (radius)at k = −7 − 2 5 =
2
Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
= 10 2 + 4 10 = 26.79
h = 1 and k = 6
2 2 4 | −7 + 2 5 + 2 |
5 15 (radius)at k = − 7 + 2 =
Now, AD = 2 PM = 2 1 − + 6 − 5
2
2 2
= 10 2 − 4 10 = 1.5
9 9
=2 + =3 2 Hence, radius of smaller circle is 1.5 units.
4 4
96. Let the centre of the circle C 2 is Q (h, k ), equation of the circle
and AB = ( 4 − 1 ) 2 + (6 − 9 ) 2 = 3 2 C 2 is
∴ Area of rectangle ( x − h ) 2 + (y − k ) 2 = 5 2
ABCD = AB × AD = 3 2 × 3 2 = 18 sq units. or x + y − 2 xh − 2yk + h 2 + k 2 − 25 = 0
2 2
95. Let C (h, k ) be the centre of the circle. Let AB and C ′ D be the C 2 ≡ x 2 + y 2 − 2 xh − 2yk + h 2 + k 2 − 25 = 0
lines represented by
and equation of circle C1 ≡ x 2 + y 2 − 16 = 0
3 x − y = 6 and y = x respectively.
Clearly, the circle touches AB at A (1, − 3 ).
C2
Y B
A 5
Q(h, k)
D
M
C1 P
(0, 0)
y=x B
O
X ∴ Equation of common chord is
N C1 − C 2 = 0
3x –y = 6
⇒ −2 xh − 2yk + h 2 + k 2 − 9 = 0
C
C′ (h, k)
A (1, –3) or 2hx + 2ky − (h 2 + k 2 − 9 ) = 0 …(i)
Slope of this line = − h / k
But, it is given that its slope = 3 / 4
h 3
∴ − =
Equation of line ⊥ to 3 x − y = 6 is x + 3y = λ which passes k 4
through (1, − 3 ). or 3k + 4h = 0 …( ii )
then 1 −9 = λ Let p be the length perpendicular from P ( 0, 0 ) on chord (1),
∴ λ = −8 then
∴ ⊥ line is x + 3y + 8 = 0 h2 + k 2 − 9
p=
which passes through C (h, k ) ( 4h 2 + 4k 2 )
then h + 3k + 8 = 0 …(i)
(h 2 + k 2 − 9 )
Now, centre C (h, k ) ≡ C ( −3k − 8, k ) or p= …( iii )
| − 3k − 8 − k | 2 (h 2 + k 2 )
Radius CN = = CA
1+1 Length of this chord AB = 2 AM
= ( −3k − 8 − 1 ) + (k + 3 )
2 2 = 2 (16 − p 2 )
4|k + 2| This chord has maximum length, then p = 0, then from Eq. (iii),
⇒ = | k + 3 | 10 …( ii )
2 h2 + k 2 − 9 = 0 …( iv )
354 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
On solving Eqs. (ii) and (iv) we get Equation of circle with centre at Q (1, 0 ) and radius r is
9
h = m ,k = ±
12 ( x − 1 ) 2 + (y − 0 ) 2 = r 2 …(ii)
5 5 (0 < r < 2)
9 12 9 12
∴ Centre of C 2 is , − or − , Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
5 5 5 5
2 − r2 r 4 − r2
97. Q 2x + y − 3xy = 0
2 2 x= and y = ±
2 2
⇒ (2 x − y ) ( x − y ) = 0 but R above the X-axis.
⇒ y = 2x, y = x 2 −r 2 r 4 − r 2
are the equations of straight lines passing through origin. ∴ R≡ ,
2 2
Now, let the angle between tangents is 2α,
Y r 4 − r2
So, SQ = r and MR =
2
y = 2x
3 C 1
3 ∴ Area of ∆QSR = ⋅QS ⋅ MR
2
x
=
1 r 4 − r2
Ay
∆ = ⋅r ⋅
αα 2 2
r 2 (4 − r 2 )
45°
X ∆ ( say ) =
O 4
tan ( 45 ° + 2α ) = 2 r4
then, ∆ = (4 − r 2 ) = A
2
(say)
tan 45 ° + tan 2α 16
⇒ =2 1
1 − tan 45 ° tan 2α ∴ A= ( 4r 4 − r 6 )
1 + tan 2α 2 2 tan 2α 1 16
⇒ = ⇒ = dA 1 d 2A 1
1 − tan 2α 1 2 3 ∴ = (16r 3 − 6r 5 ) and = ( 48r 2 − 30r 4 )
dr 16 dr 2 16
(By componendo and dividendo rule )
dA
2 tan α 1 For maximum and minimum area, =0
⇒ = dr
1 − tan 2 α 3
8
⇒ tan 2 α + 6 tan α − 1 = 0 r2 =
3
−6 ± (36 + 4 ) d 2A 1 64
∴ tan α = = − 3 ± 10 ∴ 2
8
= 48 × − 30 × < 0
2 dr r=
8 16 3 9
π
= − 3 + 10 Q0 < α <
3
4 ∴ A is maximum. Hence, ∆ is also maximum.
3 1 8 1 8
Now, in ∆OAC, tan α = = ( 10 − 3 ) ∴ Maximum value of ∆ = × × 4 −
OA 2 3 2 3
3 ( 10 + 3 )
∴ OA = = 3 (3 + 10 ) =
2
×
2
( 10 − 3 ) ( 10 + 3 ) 3 3
98. The given circle is x 2 + y 2 = 1 …(i) 4 3
= sq units.
with centre at O ( 0,0 ) and radius 1. It cuts X-axis at the points 9
when y = 0 then x = ± 1 i.e., at P ( −1, 0 ) and Q (1, 0 ) . 99. The equation of any curve passing through
Y a1x + b1y + c1 = 0
a 2x + b2y + c 2 = 0
y = 0 and x = 0 is
R (a1x + b1y + c1 )(a 2x + b2y + c 2 ) + λxy = 0 …(i)
X′ (–1, 0) P X where, λ is a parameter.
S M O Q (1, 0) This curve will represent a circle. If the
coefficient of x 2 = coefficient of y 2,
T
i.e. a1a 2 = b1b2 …(ii)
and if the coefficient of xy = 0
Y′ then a1 b2 + a 2b1 + λ = 0
∴ λ = − (a1b2 + a 2b1 )
Chap 04 Circle 355
a1x+b1y+c1=0
X 2θ θ
O y=0
A (– a, 0) O (0, 0) B (a, 0)
Substituting the value of λ in Eq. (i) then Now, equation of lines through B and A are respectively
(a1x + b1y + c1 ) (a 2x + b2y + c 2 ) − (a1b2 + a 2b1 ) xy = 0 y − 0 = tan θ ( x − a ) ...(i)
⇒ a1a 2x 2 + b1b2y 2 + (a1c 2 + a 2c1 ) x + (b1c 2 + b2c1 ) y = 0 and y − 0 = tan 2θ ( x + a ) ...(ii)
From Eq. (ii), b1b2 = a1a 2 2 tan θ
From Eq. (ii), y = (x + a )
∴ Equation of required circle is 1 − tan 2 θ
a1a 2( x 2 + y 2 ) + (a1c 2 + a 2c1) x + (b1c 2 + b2c1 ) y = 0 2y
100. Let circle be (x − a )
= 2 (x + a ) [from Eq. (i)]
S ≡ x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 …( i ) 1 − y
Since, centre of this circle ( − g, − f ) lie on 2 x − 2y + 9 = 0 ( x − a ) 2
∴ −2 g + 2 f + 9 = 0 …( ii ) 2y ( x − a ) ( x + a )
⇒ y =
and the circle S = 0 and x 2 + y 2 − 4 = 0 cuts orthogonally. (x − a )2 − y 2
∴ 2g × 0 + 2 f × 0 = c − 4 ⇒ (x − a )2 − y 2 = 2 (x 2 − a 2 )
∴ c=4 …( iii ) or x 2 + y 2 + 2ax − 3a 2 = 0 which is the required locus.
Substituting the values of g and c from Eqs. (ii) and (iii) in
103. Let the coordinate of C is ( x1, y1 )
Eq. (i), then
x 2 + y 2 + (2 f + 9 ) x + 2 fy + 4 = 0 and let the coordinates of A and B are (0, 0) and (a, 0 )
C (x1, y1)
or (x 2 + y 2 + 9x + 4) + 2 f (x + y ) = 0
Hence, the circle S = 0 passes through fixed point
(Q form S ′ + λP = 0)
∴ x 2 + y 2 + 9 x + 4 = 0 and x + y = 0
1 1
After solving we get ( −4, 4 ) or − , .
2 2
(0, 0) (a, 0)
101. Chords are bisected on the line y = x. Let ( x1, x1 ) be the A a B
mid-point of the chord, then equation of the chord is T = S1
sin A BC
∴ xx1 + yx1 − a ( x + x1 ) − b (y + x1 ) + a 2 + b 2 − c 2 given k= =
sin B AC
= x12 + x12 − 2ax1 − 2bx1 + a 2 + b 2 − c 2
⇒ ( BC ) 2 = k 2 ( AC ) 2
⇒ ( x1 − a ) x + ( x1 − b ) y + ax1 + bx1 − 2 x12 = 0
⇒ ( x1 − a ) 2 + y12 = k 2 ( x12 + y12 )
This chord passes through (a , b + c )
⇒ (1 − k 2 ) x12 + (1 − k 2 ) y12 − 2ax1 + a 2 = 0 (Qk ≠ 1)
⇒ ( x1 − a ) a + ( x1 − b ) (b + c ) + ax1 + bx1 − 2 x12 = 0 2
2ax1 a
⇒ 2 x12 − (2a + 2b + c ) x1 + a 2 + b 2 + bc = 0 ⇒ x12 + y12 − + =0
1 − k2 1 − k2
which is quadratic in x1. Since, it is given that two chords are
Hence, locus of C is
bisected on the line y = x, then x1 must have two real roots,
2ax a2
B 2 − 4 AC > 0 x2 + y 2 − + =0
1 −k 2
1 − k2
⇒ (2a + 2b + c ) 2 − 4 ⋅ 2 (a 2 + b 2 + bc ) > 0
This is a circle whose centre is
⇒ 4a 2 + 4b 2 + c 2 + 8ab + 4bc + 4ac − 8a 2 − 8b 2
a
− 8b 2 − 8bc > 0 , 0
⇒ 4a + 4b − 8ab + 4bc − 4ac − c < 0
2 2 2 1 − k2
104. Let P be ( x1, y1 ) and line through P ( x1, y1 ) makes an angle θ ∴ Locus of (h, k ) is, x 2 = 2y + 2 | y |
with X-axis, then
Now if y > 0, it becomes x 2 = 4y
x − x1 y − y1
= =r and if y ≤ 0, it becomes x = 0
cosθ sin θ
∴Combining the two, the required locus is
Coordinates of any point on the curve is
( x1 + r cosθ, y1 + r sin θ ). This point must lie on {( x,y ) : x 2 = 4y } ∪ {( 0,y ):y ≤ 0 }
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 1 106. s1 = x 2 + y 2 + 2ax + cy + a = 0
s 2 = x 2 + y 2 − 3ax + dy − 1 = 0
R
Equation of common chord of circles s1 and s 2 is given by
Q s1 − s 2 = 0
⇒ 5ax + (c − d )y + a + 1 = 0
θ
P (x1, y1) Given, that 5 x + by − a = 0 passes through P and Q
∴ The two equations should represent the same line
∴ a ( x1 + r cosθ ) 2 + 2h ( x1 + r cosθ )(y1 + r sin θ ) a c −d a + 1
⇒ = =
+ b (y1 + r sin θ ) 2 = 1 1 b −a
∴ (a cos2 θ + h sin 2θ + b sin 2 θ ) r 2 ⇒ a + 1 = −a 2
+ 2 (ax1 cosθ + hx1 sin θ + hy1 cosθ ) r a2 + a + 1 = 0
No real value of a.
+ ax12 + 2hx1y1 + by12 = 0
107. Equation of circle with centre (0, 3) and radius 2 is
It is quadratic equation in r. Let roots of this equation are r1 and
r2 then x 2 + (y − 3 ) 2 = 4
ax12 + 2hx1y1 + by12 Let centre of the variable circle is (α , β )
r1r2 =
(a cos2 θ + h sin 2θ + b sin 2 θ ) Q It touches X-axis.
∴It’s equation is ( x − α ) 2 + (y + β ) 2 = β 2
ax12 + 2hx1 y1 + by12
∴ PQ ⋅ PR = for a = b, h = 0
a cos2 θ + h sin 2θ + b sin 2 θ Y
+0+
ax12 ay12
∴ PQ ⋅ PR = = x12 + y12
a cos θ + 0 + a sin 2 θ
2
c1
r1
which is independent of θ.
Then curve ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 1 becomes ax 2 + 0 + ay 2 = 1 r2 c2
(a, b)
1
⇒ x2 + y 2 =
a X¢ X
O
1
is a circle with centre (0, 0) and radius . Y¢
a
105. Let the centre of circle C be (h,k). Then as this circle touches Circle touch externally
axis of x, its radius =| k| ⇒ c1c 2 = r1 + r2
Y ∴ α 2 + (β − 3 ) 2 = 2 + β
α 2 + (β − 3 ) 2 = β 2 + 4 + 4β
C ⇒ α 2 = 10(β − 1 / 2 )
k B(h, k) 1
∴Locus is x 2 = 10 y − which is a parabola.
A (0,1) k 2
O
X 108. Let the centre be (α ,β)
Q It cuts the circle x 2 + y 2 = p 2 orthogonally
Also, it touches the given circle x + (y − 1 ) = 1, centre (0, 1)
2 2
∴Using 2 g1g 2 + 2 f1 f 2 = c1 + c 2, we get
radius 1, externally
2 ( −α ) × 0 + 2 ( −β ) × 0 = c1 − p 2
Therefore, the distance between centres = sum of radii
⇒ (h − 0 ) 2 + (k − 1 ) 2 = 1 + | k | ⇒ c1 = p 2
∴ Locus of (α , β ) is
∴ 2ax + 2by − (a 2 + b 2 + p 2 ) = 0 T2
109. Without loss of generally it we can assume the square ABCD (–1, 1) B A (1, 1)
with its vertices A(1, 1 ), B( −1,1 ), C( −1, − 1 ), D (1, − 1 ) T3
P to be the point ( 0, 1 ) and Q as ( 2, 0 ). T1
X¢ O X
Y
P(0, –1) C D
B A(1, 1) (–1, –1) (1, –1)
(–1, 1) Q(Ö2, 0)
L
X¢ X Y¢
O
C2 1
C1 = 4× =2 2
D(1, –1) 2
C
(–1, –1) 1 1 1
∴ Area ( ∆T1T2T3 ) = × × 2 2 = = 1 sq units.
2 2 2
112. Point of intersection of 3x − 47 − 7 = 0 and 2x − 3y − 5 = 0 is
Y¢
(1, − 1 ) which is the centre of the circle and radius = 7
PA 2 + PB 2 + PC 2 + PD 2 ∴Equation is ( x − 1 ) 2 + (y + 1 ) 2 = 49
Then,
QA 2 + QB 2 + QC 2 + QD 2 ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 2y − 47 = 0
1+1+5+5
= 113. Let M(h,k ) be the mid-point of chord AB where
2[( 2 − 1 ) 2 + 1 ] + 2(( 2 + 1 ) 2 + 1 ) 2π
12 ∠AOB =
= = 0.75 3
16
110. Let C ′ be the circle touching circle C1 and L, so that C1 and C ′
are on the same side of L. Let us draw a line T parallel to L at a
distance equal to the radius of circle C1, on opposite side of L. O (0, 0)
Then, the centre of C ′ is equidistant from the centre of C1 and
from line T . 3 p/3
⇒ locus of centre of C ′ is a parabola.
A M (h, k) B
L
π
∴ ∠AOM = .
C¢ 3
O
T π 3
Also, OM = 3 cos =
3 2
C1 3
⇒ h + k2 =
2
2
9
⇒ h +k =
2 2
4
9
∴ Locus of (h, k ) is x 2 + y 2 =
4
111. Since, S is equidistant from A and line BD, it traces a parabola. 114. Equation of director circle of the given circle x 2 + y 2 = 169 is
1 1 x 2 + y 2 = 2 × 169 = 338.
Clearly, AC is the axis, A(1,1 ) is the focus and T1 , is the
2 2
We know from every point on director circle, the tangents
vertex of parabola.
drawn to given circle are perpendicular to each other.
1
AT1 = . Here, (17, 7) lies on director circle.
2
∴ The tangent from (17, 7) to given circle are mutually
perpendicular.
358 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
115. Equation of circle whose centre is (h,k ) Let coordinates of R be (α ,β ), then using the formula for
centriod of ∆ we get
( x − h ) 2 + (y − k ) 2 = k 2
3 +2 3 +α 3+ 0+β
Y = 3 and =1
3 3
⇒ α = 0 and β = 0
∴Coordinates of R = ( 0, 0 )
(h, k)
3 3
Now, coordinates of E = mid point of QR = , and
(–1, 1) 2 2
X¢ X
coordinates of F = mid-point of PR = ( 3, 0 )
118. Equation of side QR is y = 3x and equation of side RP is
Y¢
y =0
(radius of circle = k because circle is tangent to x-axis) 119. The given circle is x 2 + y 2 + 6x − 10y + 30 = 0 Centre ( −3,5),
Equation of circle passing through ( −1, + 1 ) radius = 2
∴ ( −1 − h ) 2 + (1 − k ) 2 = k 2 L1 : 2 x + 3y + ( p − 3 ) = 0;
⇒ 1 + h 2 + 2h + 1 + k 2 − 2k = k 2 L2 : 2 x + 3y + p + 3 = 0
⇒ h 2 + 2h − 2k + 2 = 0 D ≥ 0 Clearly, L1|| L2
∴ (2 ) 2 − 4 × 1.( −2 K + 2 ) ≥ 0 Distance between L1 and L2
⇒ 4 − 4( −2k + 2 ) ≥ 0 p+3−p+3 6
= = <2
⇒ 1 + 2k − 2 ≥ 0 ⇒ k ≥
1 22 + 32 13
2 ⇒ If one line is a chord of the given circle, other line may
1 or may not the diameter of the circle.
116. Slope of CD =
3 Statement I is true and statement II is false.
∴ Parametric equation of CD is 120. The given circle is x 2 + y 2 + 2x + 4y − 3 = 0
3 3 3
x− y−
2 = 2 = ±1
3 1
2 2 P (1, 0) Q (a, b)
C(–1, –2)
∴ Two possible coordinates of C are
3 3 3 1 3 − 3 3 3 1 3
+ , + or + ,− +
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Centre ( −1, − 2 )
i.e. (2 3, 2 ) or ( 3, 1 ) Let Q(α , β ) be the point diametrically opposite to the point
As (0, 0) and C lie on the same side of PQ P(1, 0 ),
∴( 3, 1 ) should be the coordinates of C. 1+α 0+β
then, = −1 and = −2
Remark : Remember ( x1, y1 ) and ( x 2, y 2 ) lie on the same or 2 2
opposite side of a line ax + by + c = 0 according as ⇒ α = −3, β = −4, So, Q is ( −3, − 4 )
ax1 + by1 + c
> 0 or < 0.∴ Equation of the circle is 121. Tangents PA and PB are drawn from the point P(1,3) to
ax 2 + by 2 + c circle x 2 + y 2 − 6 x − 4y − 11 = 0 with centre C(3,2 )
( x − 3 ) 2 + (y − 1 ) 2 = 1
117. ∆PQR is an equilateral triangle, the incentre C must coincide
A
with centroid of ∆PQR and D, E, F must coincide with the mid
points of sides PQ, QR and RP respectively.
Also, ∠CPD = 30 ° ⇒ PD = 3 P(1, 8) C
Writing the equation of side PQ in symmetric form we get, (3, 2)
3 3 3
x− y−
2 = 2 =m 3 B
1 3
−
2 2 Clearly the circumcircle of ∆PAB will pass through C and as
3 3 3 −3 3 ∠A = 90 °, PC must be a diameter of the circle.
∴Coordinates of P = + , + = (2 3, 0 )
2 2 2 2 ∴ Equation of required circle is
− 3 3 3 3 3 ( x − 1 )( x − 3 ) + (y − 2 ) = 0
and coordinates of Q = + , + = ( 3,3) ⇒ x 2 + y 2 − 4 x − 10y + 19 = 0
2 2 2 2
Chap 04 Circle 359
C1 1 P 1 C
3 2
1 1 Y¢
M −5
⇒ ( −1 − h ) 2 + 4 = h 2 ⇒h =
2
−5 5
r r ∴ Centre , 2 and r =
2 2
5
Distance of centre from (−4, 0) is
2
∴ It lies on the circle.
126. The smaller region of circle is the region given by
C x2 + y 2 ≤ 6 …(i)
1 3 and 2 x − 3y ≥ 1 …(ii)
⇒ = ⇒ r + 1 = 9 ⇒ r = 8.
3 r +1 Y
123. The given circles are
S1 ≡ x 2 + y 2 + 3 x + 7y + 2 p − 5 = 0 …(i)
S 2 ≡ x 2 + y 2 + 2 x + 2y − p 2 = 0 …(ii)
1
∴ Equation of common chord PQ is S1 − S 2 = 0 y=
x2+y2=6 x–3
2
⇒ L ≡ x + 5y + p 2 + 2 p − 5 = 0
⇒ Equation of circle passing through P and Q is S1 + λL = 0 X¢ X
O
⇒ ( x 2 + y 2 + 3 x + 7y + 2 p − 5 ) + λ ( x + 5y + p 2 + 2 p − 5 ) = 0
As it passes through (1, 1), therefore
⇒ (7 + 2 p ) + λ (2 p + p 2 + 1 ) = 0
2p + 7
⇒ λ=−
(p + 1)2
which does not exist for p = −1 Y¢
124. Circle x 2 + y 2 − 4x − 8y − 5 = 0 3 1 1
We observe that only two points 2, and , − satisfy
Centre = (2, 4 ) 4 4 4
Radius = 4 + 16 + 5 = 5 both the inequations Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
If circle is intersecting line 3 x − 4y = m, at two distinct points. ∴2 points in S lie inside the smaller part.
⇒ length of perpendicular from centre to the line < radius 127. As centre of one circle is (0, 0) and other circle passes through
(0, 0), therefore
|6 − 16 − m|
⇒ <5 a
5 Aslo, C1 , 0 C 2( 0, 0 )
2
⇒ |10 + m| < 25
|a |
⇒ −25 < m + 10 < 25 r1 = r2 = C
2
⇒ −35 < m < 15
|a |
125. Let centre of the circle be (h, 2) then radius =| h| C1C 2 = r1 − r2 =
2
∴ Equation of circle becomes ( x − h ) 2 + (y − 2 ) 2 = h 2 |a | |a |
⇒ c− = ⇒ c =| a |
As it passes through (−1, 0) 2 2
If the two circles touch each other, then they must touch each
other internally.
360 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
4α − 20 130. Y
128. Any point P on line 4x − 5y = 20 is α , .
5 T1
Equation of chord of contact AB to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 9 T2
2
1
X¢ X
C1(0, 0) C3(3, 0) P
A P α, 4α – 20
5
x=2
M (h, k) Y¢
4x–5y=20
C (0, p) From the figure it is clear that the intersection point of two
B direct common tangents lies on X -axis.
Aslo ∆PT1C1 ~ ∆PT2C 2
⇒ PC1 : PC 2 = 2 :1
4α − 20 or P divides C1C 2 in the ratio 2 :1 externally
drawn from point P α , is
5 ∴Coordinates of P are (6, 0 )
4α − 20 Let the equation of tangent through P be
x. α + y . =9 …(i)
5 y = m( x − 6 )
Also, the equation of chord AB whose mid-point is (h, k ) is As it touches x 2 + y 2 = 4
hx + ky = h 2 + k 2 …(ii) ∴
6m
=2
Q Eqs. (i) and (ii) represent the same line, therefore m2 + 1
h k h2 + k 2 ⇒ 36m 2 = 4(m 2 + 1 )
= =
α 4α − 20 9 1
⇒ m=±
5 2 2
⇒ 5kα = 4hα − 20h 1
∴Equations of common tangents are y = ± (x − 6)
and 9h = α(h 2 + k 2 ) 2 2
20h 9h Also x = 2 is the common tangent to the two circles.
⇒ α= and α = 2
4h − 5k h + k2 131. Let centre of the circle ne (1, 4)
20h 9h
⇒ = [Q circle touches x-axis at (1, 0)]
4h − 5k h 2 + k 2
Y
⇒ 20(h 2 + k 2 ) = 9( 4h − 5k )
∴ Locus of (h, k ) is 20 ( x 2 + y 2 ) − 36 x + 45y = 0
Sol. (Q. Nos. 129 to 130)
Equation of tangent PT to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 at the point (1, h)
C B (2, 3)
P( 3, 1 ) is x 3 + y = 4
X¢ X
Let the line L, perpendicular to tangent PT be A (1, 0)
x −y 3 + λ = 0 …(i)
Y¢
As it is tangent to the circle ( x − 3 ) + y = 1
2 2
Let the circle passes through the point B(2,3 )
∴ length of perpendicular from centre of circle to the tangent ∴ CA = CB (radius)
= radius of circle.
⇒ CA 2 = CB 2
3+ λ
⇒ = 1 ⇒ λ = −1 or −5 ⇒ (1 − 1 ) 2 + (h − 0 ) 2 = (1 − 2 ) 2 + (h − 3 ) 2
2
⇒ h 2 = 1 + h 2 + 9 − 6h
129. From Eq. (i)
10 5
Equation of L can be ⇒ h= =
6 3
x − 3y = 1 10
Thus, diameter is 2h = .
or x − 3y = 5 3
Chap 04 Circle 361
Y¢
i.e. x 2 + y 2 − 6 x + 8y + 9 = 0
or x 2 + y 2 − 6 x + 8y + 9 = 0 B(a, b)
134. Y
Since, P is the fixed point for given family of lines
So, PB = PA
C
(α − 1 ) 2 + (β − 2 ) 2 = (2 − 1 ) 2 + (3 − 2 ) 2
(α − 1 ) 2 + (β − 2 ) 2 = 1 + 1 = 2
(0, y) (1, 1)
( x − 1 ) 2 + (y − 2 ) 2 = ( 2 ) 2
T
X¢ X ( x − a ) 2 + (y − b ) 2 = r 2
Therefore, given locus is a circle with centre (1, 2 ) and radius 2.
Y¢
362 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry
137. x 2 + y 2 − 4x − 6y − 12 = 0 …(i) Y
(cos q, sin q)
Centre C1 = (2, 3 ) and Radius, r1 = 5 units P
x 2 + y 2 + 6 x + 18y + 26 = 0 …(ii)
Q (1, tan q/2)
Centre, C 2 = ( −3, − 9 ) E
and radius, r2 = 8 units X¢ X
R O S(1, 0)
| C1C 2| = (2 + 3 ) 2 + (3 + 9 ) 2 = 13 units C1
r1 + r2 = 5 + 8 = 13
∴ | C1C 2| = r1 + r2 C2
Therefore, there are three common
Y¢
tangents.
θ
138. For the given circle, centre : (4, 4), radius =6 ∴ Equation of line through Q and parallel to RS is y = tan
2
θ
C(4, 4) ∴ Intersection point E of normal and y = tan
2
6 θ
tan = x tanθ
k 2
P(h , k ) θ
k 1 − tan 2
⇒ x= 2
X¢ X 2
O
1 −y 2
6 + k = (h − 4 ) 2 + (k − 4 ) 2 ∴ Locus of E : x = or y 2 = 1 − 2 x
2
(h − 4 ) 2 = 20k + 20 1 1 1 −1
It is satisfied by the points , and , .
∴ locus of (h, k ) is ( x − 4 ) 2 = 20(y + 1 ), which is parabola. 3 3 3 3
139. Centre of S :O ( −3,2) and centre of given circle is A(2, − 3) 141. (2) Equation of circle can be written as
( x + 1 ) 2 + (y + 2 ) 2 = p + 5 ...(i)
Y
(–2, 0) O
X′ X
O (–3, 2)
X′ O
X
(1 ) 2 = − p ⇒ p = − 1 (0, –2+√3)