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P525/1
CHEMISTRY
Paper 1
1 Hour 45 minutes

UGANDA MARTYRS’ S.S NAMUGONGO

S.6 BEGINNING OF TERM 1 2005 EXAMS
CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1
TIME: 1 hour 45 min.

Instructions:
Attempt all questions in the spaces provided
The periodic table with relative atomic masses is supplied at end of paper
Illustrate your answers with equations where applicable.

1. (a) Identify element X in the following equation for a nuclear reaction

235 1 160 1
92𝑈 + 0𝑛 62𝑆𝑛 + 40𝑛 + X

X is zinc ( 72
30𝑍𝑛) (01 mark)

(b) An element Y has three naturally occurring isotopes with Isotopic masses and
relative abundances as shown below:

Istotopic mass Relative abundance (%)

23.98 78.60
24.98 10.11
25.98 11.29

Calculate the average atomic mass of Y (03 marks)

Average = (23.98 x 0.7860) + (24.98 x 0.1011) + (25.98 x 0.1129)

= 18.84828 + 2.525478 + 2.933142 = 24.31

2. Write equations to show how the following compounds can be synthesized

(a) CH3CH2 C  CCH2CH3 from but-l-ene

CH3CH2CH=CH2 Br2/CCl4 CH3CH2CH2CH2 EtO-/EtOH CH3CH2C CH

Br Br heat

Then
CH3CH2C CH Na/ Liq NH3 CH3CH2C CNa
CH3CH2Br
CH3CH2CH2C CCH2CH3

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(b) CH2CH2OH to C  CCH3

CH2CH2OH Conc. H2SO4 CH CH2

heat

CH CH2 Br2/CCl4 CH CH2

Br Br

CH CH2 EtO-/EtOH C CH
heat
Br Br

C CH CH3Br C CCH3

(c) CH3CH2CH = CH2 from Bromoethane (3 marks)

CH3CH2Br EtO-/EtOH CH2=CH2 Br2/CCl4 CH2 CH2 EtO-/EtOH HC CH

heat heat
Br Br
Then
HC CH Na/liq. NH3 HC CNa CH3CH2Br CH3CH2C CH

CH3CH2C CH LiAlH4, dry ether CH3CH2CH CH2

3. (a) When 8.8g of a hydrocarbon, Z was burnt in excess air, 14.4g of water and
13.44dm3 of carbon dioxide were obtained at s.t.p. Determine the empirical formula
of Z (3 ½ marks)
2
Mass of hydrogen = 18 𝑥 14.4 = 1.6g
Mass of carbon
22.4dm3 of carbon dioxide contain 12g of carbon
13.44 𝑥 12
13.44dm3 contain = 22,4 = 7.2g
Element C H
Mass 7.2 1.6
RAM 12 1
Moles 0.6 1.6
Mole ratio 1 3

Empirical formula CH3

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(b) The vapour density of Z is 22. Write the name and the molecular formula of Z
Molecular mass = 22 x 2 = 44
 (CH3)n = 44
44
n = 15 =3
molecular formula = C3H8
(1 mark)

(c) ((i) Write equations to show how Z can be synthesised from an alcohol (2 ½ )

CH3CH2CH2OH Conc. H2SO4, heat CH3CH= CH2 H2/Pt CH3CH2CH3

(ii) Indicate a mechanism for the first stage of the reaction in (c) (i) (02)
H H
+
CH3CH2CH2OH + H+ CH3 C C OH2 CH3CH= CH2
H H
:OSO3H

4. (a) Potassium manganate (VII) is a commonly used reagent in volumetric analysis

and yet it is not a primary standard.
(i) What is meant by the term ‘primary standard’?

Is a pure substance used to standardize others

(ii) State two reasons why potassium manganate (VII) is not a primary
standard

- Form unstable solutions

- Contain variable impurities of MnO2
- Its meniscus is not easy to read

(b) Explain why hydrochloric acid is not used to acidify a solution of potassium
Manganate (VII) solution in volumetric analysis

Permanganate (VII) oxides chloride ions

(c) Calculate the oxidation state of the element in bracket in the following species
(i) [Cr (H2O)4Cl2].Cl. 2H2O (Cr) ( 1 ½ marks each)

+3

(ii) Cl2 O3 (Cl)

+3

(iii) K2S2O8 (S)

+7
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5. Complete the following equations and suggest a mechanism in each case

(3 marks each)

(a) (CH3)2 C=CH2 Cl2H2O (CH3)2 C CH2

OH Cl

(CH3)2 C CH2 (CH3)2 C CH2 (CH3)2 C CH2

+
Cl Cl Cl O Cl
+
:OH2 H H
-H+
(CH3)2 C CH2
OH Cl

(b) H – C  C – H + H2O Hg2+ H+(aq) CH3CHO

warm
+
HC CH H2 C CH H2C CH -H+ H2C CH CH3CHO
H+ :OH2 OH2 H O
+

I _
(c) CH3CH – CH2I EtONa+ EtOH CH3C CH
heat

I I I
CH3 C CH CH3 C CH CH3C CH
H H H
EtO: EtO:

6. (a) State Graham’s law (2 marks)

The relative rates of diffusion gases are inversely proportional to their densities

(b) A certain volume of oxygen diffused through a porous membrane in 120s, under
the same condition the same volume of a gas X diffuses in 12s. Calculate the relative
molecular mass of X
(3 ½ marks)
𝑅𝑂2 𝑅𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑋
= √𝑅𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑂
𝑅𝑋 2
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𝑉
120 𝑋
𝑉 = √32
12
𝑅𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑋 = 0.32

7. (a) Explain the meaning of the following terms

(i) Osmosis (2 marks)

Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules from where they are highly
concentrated to a solution of their low concentration through a semipermeable
membrane

(ii) Osmotic pressure (2 marks)

Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure that prevents osmosis.

(b) A solution of polyvinylchloride (CH2CHCl)n in an organic solvent has a

concentration of 4gdm –3 and an osmotic pressure of 65Nm –2 at 20oC. Calculate the
value of n

PV = nRT
4
65 x 10-3 = 𝑀𝑟 𝑥 8.314 𝑥 293

Mr = 150,000
n(14 + 13 + 35.5) = 150000
n = 2,400

8. A bromoalkane Y with molecular formula C4H9Br when reacted with concentrated

hydrochloric acid in the presence of anhydrous zinc chloride formed two layers of
liquids immediately.
(a) Write the name and the structural formula of Y (01 mark)

(CH3)3CBr 2-brom0-2-methylpropane

(b) Write an equation and indicate a mechanism for the reaction between Y and
sodium methoxide in methanol (03 marks)

(CH3)3CBr CH3O-/CH3OH, heat (CH3)2C = CH2

Mechanism
(CH3)3CBr (CH3)2 C CH2 (CH3)2C = CH2
+
H
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9. A concentrated solution of sulphuric acid contains 94% of sulphuric acid and has a
density of 1.80 gcm – 3 at room temperature
(a) Calculate the molarity of the acid (3 marks)
100
Volume of 100g of sulphuric acid = = 55.6cm3
1.8

Concentration of sulphuric acid

55.6cm3 contain 94
94 𝑥 1000
1000cm3 contain =1691g
55.6
1691
Molarity = = 17.25M
98

(b) What volume of the concentrated acid will be required to make 2.5dm3 of 2M
sulphuric acid solution?
2.5 𝑥 2
Moles of sulphuric acid in 2.5dm3 of 2M = = 5moles
1
Required volume
17.25mole of sulphuric acid are in 1000cm3
5 𝑥 1000
5mole of sulphuric acid are in 17.25 = 290cm3

10. Calculate the heat of hydrogenation of ethyne from the following thermochemical
data
C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
H = –1390 kJmol – 1

C2H2(g)+ 2 ½ O2(g) 2CO2(g) + H2O(l)

H = –1310 kJmol – 1

H2 (g) + ½ O2 (g) H2O(l)

H = –285kJmol – 1 (4 marks)
C2H2(g) + H2 (g) + 3O2(g) X C2H4(g) + 3O2

-1390 -285 -1310

2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)

-1390 – 285 = X -1310

X = 365kJmol-1
11. (a) Complete the table below
Element Formula of oxide Type of bonding in the
oxide
Al Al2O3 Ionic
Si SiO2 Covalent
P P2O5 Covalent

(3 marks)
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(b) Write an equation for the reaction between the oxide of aluminium and sodium
hydroxide (3 ½ marks)

Al2O3 (s) + 2OH-(aq) AlO2 -(aq) + H2O(l)

12. State what would be observed and write equation for the reactions that take place
when the following pairs of compounds are reacted (2 marks each)
(a) Ethyne and silver nitrate in aqueous ammonia
Observation

White precipitate

Equation
HC CH (g) + Ag+ (aq) HC Cag (s) + H+(aq)

(b) But – 1 – ene and acidified potassium permanganate solution

Observation
Purple colour decolorizes

Equation
CH3CH2CH=CH2 MnO4-/H+ CH3CH2COOH + CO2

13. During the extraction of aluminium, a current of 0.2 ampere was passed for one
hour through aluminium sulphate solution.
(a) Write an equation for the reaction that took place at each electrode (3 marks)

Cathode: Al3+ (aq) + 3e → Al (s)

Anode: 4OH - 4e → O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
-

(b) Calculate the mass of aluminium produced (4 marks)

Quantity of electricity It = 0.2 x 1 x 60 x 60 =720C

But 96500 x 3 C liberate 27g of Al

27 𝑥 720
∴ 720C procude 96500 𝑥 3 = 0.067g

END