Day93 94 Diabetes Prediction Model

day93-94-diabetes-prediction
January 28, 2024
Day93-94 Diabetes Prediction By: Loga Aswin

Import Libraries
[95]: import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
from sklearn.metrics import classification_report

from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix
Load Datasets
[96]: df = pd.read_csv("/content/diabetes.csv")
[97]: df.head()
[97]: Pregnancies Glucose BloodPressure SkinThickness Insulin BMI \

0 6 148 72 35 0 33.6
1 1 85 66 29 0 26.6
2 8 183 64 0 0 23.3
3 1 89 66 23 94 28.1
4 0 137 40 35 168 43.1
DiabetesPedigreeFunction Age Outcome

0 0.627 50 1
1 0.351 31 0
2 0.672 32 1
3 0.167 21 0
4 2.288 33 1
[98]: df.describe()
[98]: Pregnancies Glucose BloodPressure SkinThickness Insulin \

count 768.000000 768.000000 768.000000 768.000000 768.000000
mean 3.845052 120.894531 69.105469 20.536458 79.799479
std 3.369578 31.972618 19.355807 15.952218 115.244002
min 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
1
25% 1.000000 99.000000 62.000000 0.000000 0.000000
50% 3.000000 117.000000 72.000000 23.000000 30.500000
75% 6.000000 140.250000 80.000000 32.000000 127.250000
max 17.000000 199.000000 122.000000 99.000000 846.000000
BMI DiabetesPedigreeFunction Age Outcome

count 768.000000 768.000000 768.000000 768.000000
mean 31.992578 0.471876 33.240885 0.348958
std 7.884160 0.331329 11.760232 0.476951
min 0.000000 0.078000 21.000000 0.000000
25% 27.300000 0.243750 24.000000 0.000000
50% 32.000000 0.372500 29.000000 0.000000
75% 36.600000 0.626250 41.000000 1.000000
max 67.100000 2.420000 81.000000 1.000000
[99]: df.info()
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 768 entries, 0 to 767
Data columns (total 9 columns):
# Column Non-Null Count Dtype
--- ------ -------------- -----
0 Pregnancies 768 non-null int64
1 Glucose 768 non-null int64
2 BloodPressure 768 non-null int64
3 SkinThickness 768 non-null int64
4 Insulin 768 non-null int64
5 BMI 768 non-null float64
6 DiabetesPedigreeFunction 768 non-null float64
7 Age 768 non-null int64
8 Outcome 768 non-null int64
dtypes: float64(2), int64(7)
memory usage: 54.1 KB
[100]: df.shape
[100]: (768, 9)
[101]: df.value_counts()
[101]: Pregnancies Glucose BloodPressure SkinThickness Insulin BMI

DiabetesPedigreeFunction Age Outcome
0 57 60 0 0 21.7 0.735
67 0 1
67 76 0 0 45.3 0.194
46 0 1
5 103 108 37 0 39.2 0.305
2
65 0 1
104 74 0 0 28.8 0.153
48 0 1
105 72 29 325 36.9 0.159
28 0 1
..
2 84 50 23 76 30.4 0.968
21 0 1
85 65 0 0 39.6 0.930
27 0 1
87 0 23 0 28.9 0.773
25 0 1
58 16 52 32.7 0.166
25 0 1
17 163 72 41 114 40.9 0.817
47 1 1
Length: 768, dtype: int64
[102]: df.columns
[102]: Index(['Pregnancies', 'Glucose', 'BloodPressure', 'SkinThickness', 'Insulin',

'BMI', 'DiabetesPedigreeFunction', 'Age', 'Outcome'],
dtype='object')
Checking Null Values

[103]: df.isnull().sum()
[103]: Pregnancies 0
Glucose 0
BloodPressure 0
SkinThickness 0
Insulin 0
BMI 0
DiabetesPedigreeFunction 0
Age 0
Outcome 0
dtype: int64
Exploratory Data Analysis

[104]: df.corr()
[104]: Pregnancies Glucose BloodPressure SkinThickness \

Pregnancies 1.000000 0.129459 0.141282 -0.081672
Glucose 0.129459 1.000000 0.152590 0.057328
BloodPressure 0.141282 0.152590 1.000000 0.207371
SkinThickness -0.081672 0.057328 0.207371 1.000000
3
Insulin -0.073535 0.331357 0.088933 0.436783
BMI 0.017683 0.221071 0.281805 0.392573
DiabetesPedigreeFunction -0.033523 0.137337 0.041265 0.183928
Age 0.544341 0.263514 0.239528 -0.113970
Outcome 0.221898 0.466581 0.065068 0.074752
Insulin BMI DiabetesPedigreeFunction \

Pregnancies -0.073535 0.017683 -0.033523
Glucose 0.331357 0.221071 0.137337
BloodPressure 0.088933 0.281805 0.041265
SkinThickness 0.436783 0.392573 0.183928
Insulin 1.000000 0.197859 0.185071
BMI 0.197859 1.000000 0.140647
DiabetesPedigreeFunction 0.185071 0.140647 1.000000
Age -0.042163 0.036242 0.033561
Outcome 0.130548 0.292695 0.173844
Age Outcome
Pregnancies 0.544341 0.221898
Glucose 0.263514 0.466581
BloodPressure 0.239528 0.065068
SkinThickness -0.113970 0.074752
Insulin -0.042163 0.130548
BMI 0.036242 0.292695
DiabetesPedigreeFunction 0.033561 0.173844
Age 1.000000 0.238356
Outcome 0.238356 1.000000
[105]: plt.figure(figsize = (12,10))
sns.heatmap(df.corr(), annot =True)
[105]: <Axes: >
4
[106]: df.hist(figsize=(18,12))
plt.show()
5
[107]: features = ['Glucose', 'BloodPressure', 'Insulin', 'BMI', 'Age',␣
↪'SkinThickness']
plt.figure(figsize=(14, 10))
for i, feature in enumerate(features, start=1):

plt.subplot(2, 3, i)
sns.boxplot(x=feature, data=df)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
6
[108]: mean_col = ['Glucose','BloodPressure','Insulin','Age','Outcome','BMI']
sns.pairplot(df[mean_col],palette='dark')
/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/seaborn/axisgrid.py:1513: UserWarning:
Ignoring `palette` because no `hue` variable has been assigned.
func(x=vector, **plot_kwargs)
7
func(x=x, y=y, **kwargs)
8
[108]: <seaborn.axisgrid.PairGrid at 0x7deae4c86650>
9
[109]: sns.boxplot(x='Outcome',y='Insulin',data=df)
[109]: <Axes: xlabel='Outcome', ylabel='Insulin'>
10
[110]: sns.regplot(x='BMI', y= 'Glucose', data=df)
[110]: <Axes: xlabel='BMI', ylabel='Glucose'>
11
[111]: sns.relplot(x='BMI', y= 'Glucose', data=df)
[111]: <seaborn.axisgrid.FacetGrid at 0x7deadfba97b0>
12
[112]: sns.scatterplot(x='Glucose', y= 'Insulin', data=df)
[112]: <Axes: xlabel='Glucose', ylabel='Insulin'>
13
[113]: sns.jointplot(x='SkinThickness', y= 'Insulin', data=df)
[113]: <seaborn.axisgrid.JointGrid at 0x7deadfa2cbe0>
14
[114]: sns.pairplot(df,hue='Outcome')
[114]: <seaborn.axisgrid.PairGrid at 0x7deadf9c3d60>
15
[115]: sns.lineplot(x='Glucose', y= 'Insulin', data=df)
16
[116]: sns.swarmplot(x='Glucose', y= 'Insulin', data=df)
/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/seaborn/categorical.py:3398:
UserWarning: 60.0% of the points cannot be placed; you may want to decrease the
size of the markers or use stripplot.
warnings.warn(msg, UserWarning)
17
18
19
[117]: sns.barplot(x="SkinThickness", y="Insulin", data=df[150:180])

plt.title("SkinThickness vs Insulin",fontsize=15)
plt.xlabel("SkinThickness")
plt.ylabel("Insulin")
plt.show()
plt.style.use("ggplot")
20
[118]: plt.figure(figsize=(5,5))
sns.barplot(x="Glucose", y="Insulin", data=df[120:130])
plt.title("Glucose vs Insulin",fontsize=15)
plt.xlabel("Glucose")
plt.ylabel("Insulin")
plt.show()
21
Training and Testing Data
[119]: x = df.drop(columns = 'Outcome')
y = df['Outcome']
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

X_train,X_test,y_train,y_test = train_test_split(x,y,test_size=0.
↪2,random_state=0)
MODELS
1. Logistic Regression
[120]: from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
model = LogisticRegression()
model.fit(X_train, y_train)
y_pred = model.predict(X_test)
22
print(classification_report(y_test, y_pred))
print(confusion_matrix(y_test, y_pred))
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score

LRAcc = accuracy_score(y_pred,y_test)
print('Logistic Regression accuracy is: {:.2f}%'.format(LRAcc*100))
precision recall f1-score support
0 0.84 0.92 0.88 107

1 0.76 0.62 0.68 47
accuracy 0.82 154

macro avg 0.80 0.77 0.78 154
weighted avg 0.82 0.82 0.82 154
[[98 9]
[18 29]]
Logistic Regression accuracy is: 82.47%
/usr/local/lib/python3.10/dist-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:458:
ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):
STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.
Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:
https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html
Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:
https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-
regression
n_iter_i = _check_optimize_result(
2. KNeighborsClassifier
[121]: from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier
model = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=7)

KNAcc = accuracy_score(y_pred,y_test)
print('KNeighborsClassifier accuracy is: {:.2f}%'.format(KNAcc*100))
0 0.82 0.84 0.83 107
23
1 0.61 0.57 0.59 47
accuracy 0.76 154

macro avg 0.72 0.71 0.71 154
weighted avg 0.76 0.76 0.76 154
[[90 17]
[20 27]]
KNeighborsClassifier accuracy is: 75.97%
3. SVC
[122]: from sklearn.svm import SVC
model = SVC()

SVCAcc = accuracy_score(y_pred,y_test)
print('SVC accuracy is: {:.2f}%'.format(SVCAcc*100))
0 0.81 0.92 0.86 107

1 0.73 0.51 0.60 47
accuracy 0.79 154

macro avg 0.77 0.71 0.73 154
weighted avg 0.78 0.79 0.78 154
[[98 9]
[23 24]]
SVC accuracy is: 79.22%
4. RandomForestClassifier
[123]: from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
model = RandomForestClassifier()
24
RFAcc = accuracy_score(y_pred,y_test)
print('RFC accuracy is: {:.2f}%'.format(RFAcc*100))
0 0.85 0.88 0.87 107

1 0.70 0.66 0.68 47
accuracy 0.81 154

macro avg 0.78 0.77 0.77 154
weighted avg 0.81 0.81 0.81 154
[[94 13]
[16 31]]
RFC accuracy is: 81.17%
5. Gradient Boosting Classifier
[124]: from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingClassifier
model = GradientBoostingClassifier()

GBCAcc = accuracy_score(y_pred,y_test)
print('GBC accuracy is: {:.2f}%'.format(GBCAcc*100))
0 0.87 0.87 0.87 107

1 0.70 0.70 0.70 47
accuracy 0.82 154

macro avg 0.79 0.79 0.79 154
weighted avg 0.82 0.82 0.82 154
[[93 14]
[14 33]]
GBC accuracy is: 81.82%
6. Naive Bayes
25
[125]: from sklearn.naive_bayes import GaussianNB
model = GaussianNB()

GNBAcc = accuracy_score(y_pred,y_test)
print('GNB accuracy is: {:.2f}%'.format(GNBAcc*100))
0 0.84 0.87 0.85 107

1 0.67 0.62 0.64 47
accuracy 0.79 154

macro avg 0.76 0.74 0.75 154
weighted avg 0.79 0.79 0.79 154
[[93 14]
[18 29]]
GNB accuracy is: 79.22%
Compare Models
[126]: compare = pd.DataFrame({'Model': ['Logistic Regression', 'K Neighbors', 'SVM',␣
↪'Random Forest', 'GradientBoostingClassifier', 'GaussianNB'],
'Accuracy': [LRAcc*100, KNAcc*100, SVCAcc*100,␣

↪RFAcc*100, GBCAcc*100, GNBAcc*100]})
compare.sort_values(by='Accuracy', ascending=False)
[126]: Model Accuracy

0 Logistic Regression 82.467532
4 GradientBoostingClassifier 81.818182
3 Random Forest 81.168831
2 SVM 79.220779
5 GaussianNB 79.220779
1 K Neighbors 75.974026
Plotting Model Comparison

[127]: compare.plot(x='Model', y='Accuracy', kind='bar', color='orange')
[127]: <Axes: xlabel='Model'>
26
From the comparison plot, among the 6 ML models, Logistic Regression had achieved
the highest accuracy of 82.50%.
27

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day93-94-diabetes-prediction

January 28, 2024

Day93-94 Diabetes Prediction By: Loga Aswin

from sklearn.metrics import classification_report

[97]: Pregnancies Glucose BloodPressure SkinThickness Insulin BMI \

DiabetesPedigreeFunction Age Outcome

[98]: Pregnancies Glucose BloodPressure SkinThickness Insulin \

BMI DiabetesPedigreeFunction Age Outcome

[101]: Pregnancies Glucose BloodPressure SkinThickness Insulin BMI

[102]: Index(['Pregnancies', 'Glucose', 'BloodPressure', 'SkinThickness', 'Insulin',

Checking Null Values

Exploratory Data Analysis

[104]: Pregnancies Glucose BloodPressure SkinThickness \

Insulin BMI DiabetesPedigreeFunction \

[105]: plt.figure(figsize = (12,10))

sns.heatmap(df.corr(), annot =True)

[105]: <Axes: >

for i, feature in enumerate(features, start=1):

[108]: <seaborn.axisgrid.PairGrid at 0x7deae4c86650>

[109]: <Axes: xlabel='Outcome', ylabel='Insulin'>

[110]: <Axes: xlabel='BMI', ylabel='Glucose'>

[111]: <seaborn.axisgrid.FacetGrid at 0x7deadfba97b0>

[112]: <Axes: xlabel='Glucose', ylabel='Insulin'>

[113]: <seaborn.axisgrid.JointGrid at 0x7deadfa2cbe0>

[114]: <seaborn.axisgrid.PairGrid at 0x7deadf9c3d60>

[115]: <Axes: xlabel='Glucose', ylabel='Insulin'>

[116]: <Axes: xlabel='Glucose', ylabel='Insulin'>

[117]: sns.barplot(x="SkinThickness", y="Insulin", data=df[150:180])

from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score

precision recall f1-score support

0 0.84 0.92 0.88 107

accuracy 0.82 154

from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score

precision recall f1-score support

0 0.82 0.84 0.83 107

accuracy 0.76 154

from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score

precision recall f1-score support

0 0.81 0.92 0.86 107

accuracy 0.79 154

precision recall f1-score support

0 0.85 0.88 0.87 107

accuracy 0.81 154

from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score

precision recall f1-score support

0 0.87 0.87 0.87 107

accuracy 0.82 154

from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score

precision recall f1-score support

0 0.84 0.87 0.85 107

accuracy 0.79 154

'Accuracy': [LRAcc*100, KNAcc*100, SVCAcc*100,␣

[126]: Model Accuracy

Plotting Model Comparison

[127]: <Axes: xlabel='Model'>

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'Accuracy': [LRAcc100, KNAcc100, SVCAcc*100,␣