Unit - Iii - Part - B - Shaft Couplings

UNIT – III
PART – B :: SHAFT COUPLINGS

Shaft Coupling:
Shafts are usually available up to 7 metres length due to inconvenience in
transport. In order to have a greater length, it becomes necessary to join two or
more pieces of the shaft by means of a coupling.
Shaft couplings are used in machinery for several purposes, the most
common of which are the following :
1. To provide for the connection of shafts of units that are manufactured
separately such as a motor and generator and to provide for
disconnection for repairs or alternations.
2. To provide for misalignment of the shafts or to introduce mechanical
flexibility.
3. To reduce the transmission of shock loads from one shaft to another.
4. To introduce protection against overloads.
5. It should have no projecting parts.
Note:
A coupling is termed as a device used to make permanent or semi-
permanent connection where as a clutch permits rapid connection or
disconnection at the will of the operator.
Requirements of a Good Shaft Coupling
A good shaft coupling should have the following requirements :
 It should be easy to connect or disconnect.
 It should transmit the full power from one shaft to the other shaft
without losses.
 It should hold the shafts in perfect alignment.
 It should reduce the transmission of shock loads from one shaft to
another shaft.
 It should have no projecting parts.
Types of Shafts Couplings
Shaft couplings are divided into two main groups as follows:
1. Rigid coupling. It is used to connect two shafts which are perfectly
aligned. Following types of rigid coupling are important from the subject
point of view :
(a) Sleeve or muff coupling.
(b) Clamp or split-muff or compression coupling, and
(c) Flange coupling.
2. Flexible coupling. It is used to connect two shafts having both lateral and
angular misalignment. Following types of flexible coupling are important
from the subject point of view :
(a) Bushed pin type coupling,
(b) Universal coupling, and
(c) Oldham coupling.
Flange Coupling:
A flange coupling usually applies to a coupling having two separate cast
iron flanges. Each flange is mounted on the shaft end and keyed to it. The faces
are turned up at right angle to the axis of the shaft. One of the flange has a
projected portion and the other flange has a corresponding recess.
The flange couplings are of the following three types:
1. Unprotected type flange coupling.
2. Protected type flange coupling.
3. Marine type flange coupling
Design of Flange Coupling:
Consider a flange coupling as shown in Fig
Flexible Coupling:
A bushed-pin flexible coupling, as shown in Fig. 13.15, is a modification
of the rigid type of flange coupling.
The coupling bolts are known as pins. The rubber or leather bushes are
used over the pins. The two halves of the coupling are dissimilar in construction.
A clearance of 5 mm is left between the face of the two halves of the
coupling. There is no rigid connection between them and the drive takes place
through the medium of the compressible rubber or leather bushes.
In designing the bushed-pin flexible coupling, the proportions of the rigid
type flange coupling are modified.
The main modification is to reduce the bearing pressure on the rubber or
leather bushes and it should not exceed 0.5 N/mm2.
In order to keep the low bearing pressure, the pitch circle diameter and
the pin size is increased.
Since the pin is subjected to bending and shear stresses, therefore the
design must be checked either for the maximum principal stress or maximum
shear stress by the following relations :
Universal (or Hooke’s) Coupling
A universal or Hooke’s coupling is used to connect two shafts whose axes
intersect at a small angle.
The inclination of the two shafts may be constant, but in actual practice,
it varies when the motion is transmitted from one shaft to another.
The main application of the universal or Hooke’s coupling is found in the
transmission from the gear box to the differential or back axle of the automobiles.
In such a case, we use two Hooke’s coupling, one at each end of the
propeller shaft, connecting the gear box at one end and the differential on the
other end.
A Hooke’s coupling is also used for transmission of power to different
spindles of multiple drilling machine. It is used as a knee joint in milling
machines.
In designing a universal coupling, the shaft diameter and the pin diameter
is obtained as discussed below. The other dimensions of the coupling are fixed
by proportions as shown in Fig.

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UNIT – III

PART – B :: SHAFT COUPLINGS

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