Solutions to Maths workbook - 3 | Conic Sections

Level - 3 Daily Tutorial Sheet – 27

371. Equation of tangent to the given ellipse

x2 y2
 1 . . . .(i)
a2 b2
can be chosen as y  mx  a 2m 2  b 2 . . . .(ii)
The coordinates of the intersection points of this tangent with the coordinate axes are
  a 2m 2  b 2 
 0, a 2m 2  b 2 and 


 m
, 0


Length of the intercept made by the coordinate axes on the tangent is given by the equation
 1 
 m 

l 2  1  2  a 2m 2  b 2 
. . . .(iii)

The value of m for which  is minimum (by calculus), is given by

d 2     2  2 2 2  1 
dm m 
2


 3  a m  b  2a m 1  2   0
m 
b2
i.e.  2
 a2  0
m
b
Gives m 
a
Putting the value of m in equation (iii), gives the minimum value of   a  b
372. The base of the triangle, i.e. QR, is a tangent parallel to the major axis.
Hence, its equation is y  b  0 . . . .(i)

The equation of the pair of tangents PQ and PR is

2  x 2 y2  h2 k2 
 xh yk 
 2   1      1    1  . . . .(ii)
a b2   a 2 b2

  a 2 b2



The abscissae of the points Q and R are obtained by putting y  b in equation (ii).
The we have
k  2 2 k 
  1 x  2hx  a   1  0 . . . .(iii)
 b   b 
If x1, x 2 be the roots of equation (iii), then the length of the base QR is given by

DTS Solutions 7 Level – 3_Conic Sections

 k 
4k 2   1
 x1  x 2 2   x1  x 2 2  4 x1x 2 
4h 2
  b  

4 b 2h 2  a 2k 2  a 2b 2 
2
k  k
 1
 k  b 2
  1  
b  b 

1 k b
Area of the PQR  k  b   x1  x 2   b 2h 2  a 2k 2  a 2b 2
2 k b
If P lies on the auxiliary circle of the ellipse, then putting h  a cos  and k  a sin  , equation
(iv) reduces to
a sin   b
S    b 2a 2 cos 2   a 4 sin 2   a 2b 2
a sin   b

a sin   b a sin   b

a sin   b
 
a 2 a 2  b 2 sin 2  
a sin   b
 a 2e sin 

From equation (v) it is clear that the area of the triangle varies from a zero value at   0 to a

maximum value at   and again to a zero value at    . Therefore, the maximum value of
2
a 2e  a  b 
S .
a  b 

373. Let P  a cos  , b sin   be any point on the given ellipse

x2 y2
 1 . . . .(i)
a2 b2
and the corresponding point on the auxiliary circle be
Q  a cos  , a sin   .
Slope of OQ  tan  . Therefore, equation of line through
P parallel to OQ is given by
y  b sin   tan   x  a cos   . . . .(ii)
The coordinates of the intersection points of this line with the axes are
A   a  b  cos  , 0 and B  0, b  a  sin  

Hence, we have PA = b and PB = a

x2 y2
374. Let the end points of chord of hyperbola   1 is P (a sec , b tan ) and ( sec , b tan )
a2 b2
x  y  
Equation of chord joining points P and Q is cos    sin    cos   ......(i)
a      2 
 2  b  2   
According to the question, equation of line in (i) is tangent on the given circle with centre (0, 0)

DTS Solutions 8 Level – 3_Conic Sections

 
0  0  cos  
 2 
 
 ae
cos      1 
  sin  
a 2  2  b 2  2 
 

 cos2    a ee2
 2 
 
 1  1     
 cos2   cos2   ............(ii)
2   2  2 
 a  2  b  
Point of intersection of tangents (h , k )
 
cos   sin  
h  2  k  2 
at point P () and Q () is    and   
a  b 
cos  cos 
 2   2 
   
  1    1     
Considering equation (ii), cos2    a 2e 2  cos2   sin 2  
 2   a 2  2  b2  2 
     
  
 cos2   sin 2  
 1    2 
 1  a ee2   2  1  
2 2 
 a cos2      b 2     
   cos  
 2   2 
    
h2 k2 1 x2 y2 1
     
4 4 2 2 4 4
a b a b a b a  b2
2

Chord of contact of hyperbola generated by point (h , k ) is given as

hx ky
T 0 i.e.,  1  0
2
a b2
Of it touches the circle with diameter F2 ( al, 0) and F1(al , 0)
 Perpendicular distance form centre (0, 0) to above circle i.e., al
1 h2 k2 1 1
 al    
4 4 2 2
 h   k 
2 a b a e a  b2
2

 2   2 
a  b 
   
x2 y2 1
 the equation of low of R in   , which is an ellipse, concentric with both circle
4 4
a b a  b2
2

and hyperbola given

x2 y2
375. Let the equation of the ellipse be  1
a2 b2
Equation of a normal at any point P   on the above ellipse, is

a sec   x  b cos   y  a 2e 2
If this normal passes through the point (h, k), we have
ah sec   bk sec   a 2e 2

DTS Solutions 9 Level – 3_Conic Sections

 2 2
i.e. ah sec   a 2e 2   bk sec  

 sec 2  
i.e. a 2h 2 sec 2   2a 3e 2h sec   a 4e 4  b 2k 2 cos 2   b 2k 2  
 sec 2   1 
 
i.e.  
a 2h 2 sec 4   2a 3e 2 sec 3   a 4 e 4  a 2h 2  b 2k 2 sec 2   2a 3e 2h sec   a 4 e 4  0 . .(i)

If  ,  ,  ,  be the roots of the above equation, then

2a 3e 2h 2ae 2
 sec   a 2h 2

h
Multiplying equation (i) by cos 4  , it reduces to

 
a 4 e 4 cos 4   2a 3 e 2h cos 3   a 4 e 4  a 2h 2  b 2k 2 cos 2   2a 3e 2h cos   a 2h 2  0 ..(ii)

2a 3e 2h 2h
Then  cos   4 4
a e

ae 2
2ae 2 2h
Hence, we have   sec   cos    h

ae 2
4

which is the desired result.

376. Let P   be line joining P   point on the given ellipse

x2 y2
 1 . . . .(i)
a2 b2
Then equation of line joining P   and S(ae, 0), is
b sin 
y  x  ae  . . . .(ii)
a  cos   e 
The abscissa of the intersection point Q  x1, y1  , is given by
2
x2 sin 2   x  ae 
 1
a2 a 2  cos   e 
2

 sin 2   2 2ae sin 2  a 2e 2 sin 2 

i.e. 1   x  x   a2
 cos   e 2  cos   e 2 cos   e 2
i.e. 1  e 2  2e cos   x 2  2ae sin 2   x  a 2 1  e 2  cos 2   2e cos    0
The roots of the above equation are x1 and a cos  . Thus, we have

2ae sin 2 
x1  a cos  
1  e 2  2e cos 


Gives x1  a 
2e sin 2 
 cos   
2
 a 2e  1  e cos  
  
2 2
1  e  2e cos   1  e  2e cos 

and corresponding

DTS Solutions 10 Level – 3_Conic Sections

 b sin 
y1   x1  ae  [Using equation (ii)]
a  cos   e 


b sin 
a
 2e  1  e 2 cos 



e 

b sin 


e 2  1  cos   e 

b e 2  1 sin     
a  cos   e   1  e 2  2e cos   cos   e 1  e 2  2e cos  1  e 2  2e cos 
 
The coordinates of point R can straight away be written as by writing e in place of e.
Thus, we have

x2   
a 2a  1  e 2 cos   
 and y 
b e 2  1 sin   
2
1  e 2  2e cos  1  e 2  2e cos 
Now, equation of the tangent at Q and R, are
xx1 yy1 xx 2 yy2
2
 2  1 and  2 1
a b a2 b
These tangents intersect at T(h, k). Thus, we have
h  k 2

a 
 
2e  1  e 2 cos   
 b 
e  1 sin   1  e 2  2e cos   . . . .(iii)

h  k 2
and
a 
 
2e  1  e 2 cos   
 b
 
e  1 sin   1  e 2  2e cos   . . . .(iv)

Subtracting equation (iv) from equation (iii), we have

4eh
 4e cos 
a
h
i.e. cos   . . . .(v)
a
Putting the above value in equation (iii), we have
k  h cos    h
b
 e 2  1 sin   1  e 2  1 
 a
  2e  cos     1  e
  a 
2
1  cos 2    
i.e. sin  
 
k e2 1
. . . .(vi)
b 1  e 2 

Eliminating  from equations (v) and (vi), we have

h2

1  e 2  k 2  1
a2 2
1  e 2  b 2
Putting (x, y) in place of (h, k) gives the required locus, is
2 x2 2 y2 2
1  e 2  a 2 
 1  e2  b 2 
 1  e2 
2
377. Equation of the given ellipse are a 2 x 2  b 2y 2  a 2  b 2   . . . .(i)

x2 y2
and  1 . . . .(ii)
a2 b2
Let A  a cos  , b sin   and B a cos  , b sin   be the contact points on ellipse (ii).

DTS Solutions 11 Level – 3_Conic Sections

 Equation of the tangents at A and B respectively, are
x cos  y sin 
 1 . . . .(iii)
a b
x cos  y sin 
and  1 . . . .(iv)
a b
         
 a cos   b cos  
The intersection point of these tangents, is P    2 ,  2 
         
 cos   cos   
  2   2  
According to the given condition, P lies on ellipse (i). These, we have
    2     2 2    
a 4 cos 2 
 2 
4
  b sin 
 2 
2
  a b  cos 2 
 2 
 . . . .(v)

Now, equation of the line passing through A perpendicular to line (iv), is

a sin 
y  b sin    x  a cos   . . . .(vi)
b cos 
and equation of the line passing through B perpendicular to line (iii), is
a sin 
y  b sin    x  a cos  
b cos 
i.e. a sin   x  b cos   y  a 2 sin  cos   b 2 cos  sin  . . . .(vii)
Solving equations (vi) and (vii) gives the coordinates of the orthocentre of PAB , as
     
2 cos   2 sin  
a  2  b  2 
x   and y  2 
a  b2
2   a  b2    
cos   cos  
 2   2 
Now, if the orthocentre lies on ellipse (ii), then we must have
    2     2 2    
a 4 cos 2 
 2 
4
  b sin 
 2 
2
  a b  cos 2 
 2 

which is true by equation (v). Hence, the orthocentre of PAB does lie on ellipse (ii).

378. We know that if four normals are drawn from any point to an ellipse, then
 2
 tan 21 tan 2
0 . . . .(i)

1
and  tan
2
 1 . . . .(ii)

where 1, 2 , 3 and 4 are the eccentric angles of the foot of those normals.
We have to obtain a relation between 1, 2 and 3 , for which we only have to eliminate 4
from equations (i) and (ii). There are six terms in L.H.S. of equation (i).
4
Taking then in pairs, so that one term in each pairs contains , we have
2

DTS Solutions 12 Level – 3_Conic Sections

   2 3 4 
 tan 21 tan 2
 tan
2
tan 0
2 
 3 
 tan 
1 2 2
i.e.   tan tan
 2 2

1  2 3
0

 tan tan tan 
 2 2 2 
  2 1
2 
i.e.  tan 21 tan 2
 cot
2
cot
0
2 
1 2 1 2
cos 2 cos 2  sin 2 sin 2
2 2 2 2
i.e.  1 2 1 2
sin sin cos cos
2 2 2 2
 1  2   1   2 
cos   cos  
 2   2  0
i.e.  sin 1 sin 2
i.e.  cos 1  cos 2  sin 3  0 [Multiplying by sin 1 sin  2 sin  3 ]

i.e. sin 1   2   sin 2  3   sin 3  1   0

379. Area of the triangle, is given

a cos  b sin  1
1
1  a cos  b sin  1
2
a cos  b sin  1

ab
 sin      sin      sin     [Expanding along C3]
2
                
 ab cos    sin    sin   cos  
  2   2   2   2 
            
 ab sin   cos     cos  
 2   2   2 
         
 2ab sin   sin   sin  
 2   2   2 
Area of the triangle formed by the corresponding points on the auxiliary circle, is given by
a cos  a sin  1 cos  sin  1
1 a2
2  a cos  a sin  1  cos  sin  1
2 2
a cos  a sin  1 cos  sin  1
1 ab b
Thus, we have  2

2 a a
Now, using the fact that area of a triangle inscribed in a
circle is maximum when the triangle is equilateral, we can
infer that the eccentric angles of the vertices of the

DTS Solutions 13 Level – 3_Conic Sections

 2
triangle must differ by , which improves the last part
3
of the question.

380. Let PA and PB be two perpendicular chords through P  

as shown in figure, alongside.

Equation of the chord AB, is given by

x  1  2  y  1   2   1  2 
cos    sin    cos   . . . .(i)
a  2  b  2   2 

Equatin of the normal at P, is given by

a sec   x  b cosec   y  a 2e 2

i.e. a sin   x  b cos   y  a 2e 2sin  cos  . . . .(ii)

Now, we have
Slope of PA  slope of PB  1
   1     2 
b cos   b cos  
i.e.  2    2   1
   1     2 
a sin   a sin  
 2   2 
   1     2     1     2 
i.e. a 2 sin   sin 
2
  b cos   cos  0
 2   2   2   2 
  1  2   1  2   2  1  2   1  2 
i.e. a 2 cos    cos       b cos    cos      0
  2   2    2   2 
 1  2   1   2 
i.e.  
a 2  b 2 cos 
 2 
2
 2
  a  b cos   

 2 


 1  2  a 2e 2  1  2 
i.e. cos   2 2
cos      Writing    . . . .(iii)
 2  a b  2 
Using the above result, equation (i) reduces to
x y a 2e 2
cos   sin   cos    
a b a 2  b2
a 3be 2
i.e. b cos   x  a sin   y  cos     . . . .(iv)
a 2  b2
Now, Q is the point of intersection of lines AB and AQ. Its coordinates are obtained by solving
equations (ii) and (iv). Thus, we have
x y 1
 
1 2 

a 3b 2e 2
where 1  cos  cos      a 3e 2 sin  sin  cos 
a 2  b2

DTS Solutions 14 Level – 3_Conic Sections

 a 3e 2 cos   2
 2
a b 2   
b cos      a 2  b 2 sin  sin  


a 3e 2 cos 

a b2 2 b 2 cos  cos     a 2 sin  sin  
a 4be 2
1  2 2
cos  cos      a 3be 2 cos  sin  cos 
a b
a be 2 sin   2
3
 2
a b 2 
  
b cos      a 2  b 2 cos  cos  


a 2be 2 sin 

a b2 2 a 2 sin  sin   b 2 cos  cos   and   a 2 sin  sin   b 2 cos  cos 

3 2 2 2
 1 2   a e cos  a be sin  
Hence, the coordinates of Q, are  ,    , 
     a 2  b 2 a 2  b2 


DTS Solutions 15 Level – 3_Conic Sections