English Complete Book Answers f4

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ENGLISH TEACHER’S GUIDE BOOK FOR FORMFOUR (4)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
ALL RIGHTS PRESERVED
TABLE OF CONTENT
UNIT 1: NEVER FORGET……………………………………………………………………………………………01
UNIT 2: ORAL PRESENTATION………………………………………………………………………….…..…05
UNIT: A COLLOSAL HOUSE……………………………………………………………………………………….08
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UNIT4: POETRY GUIDE……………………………………………………………………………………….……10
UNIT5: THE LION WITH THE THORN IN HIS PAW………………………………………………….…16
UNIT6: ORAL LITERATURE……………………………………………………………………………………...19
UNIT7: THE FATHER AND HIS SON…………………………………………………………………………..23
UNIT8: EDIBLE SODA……………………………………………………………………………………………….26
UNIT9: THE MOTHERLESS GIRL! ..................................................................................................30
UNIT10: SOCIETIES IN THE PAST……………………………………………………………………………..34
UNIT11: NATURE CONSERVATION…………………………………………………………………………...39
UNIT12: THE KILLER PLASTIC…………………………………………………………………………………41
UNIT13: CULTURE SHOCK……………………………………………………………………………………….44
UNIT14: FIELD WORK……………………………………………………………………………………………...51
UNIT15: NEGOTIATION SKILLS ………………………………………………………………………………53
UNIT16: OUR LIFE TODAY……………………………………………………………….…………………….…55
UNIT17: PROBLEMS CAUSED BY MODERN PACKAGING …………………………………………..58
UNIT18: ALLERGIES ………………………………………………………………………………………………..61
UNIT 1: NEVER FORGET!
1. Where was the righter discharged from and why?
a) He was discharged from the city referral hospital
b) Because he was relieved
2. What was the writer’s occupation before he fell sick?
 The writer worked as a civil servant

3. Give four factors responsible for the writer’s dismissal from his job
 He was dysfunctional
 He was feeble
 He was aged
 He was incapable of visiting outstations
4. Who relieved him of his duty and sate why?
 The writer was relieved of his duty by the superintendent personnel

manager
 Because he was incompetent
5. Justify the writer’s bitter attitude as mentioned in the third paragraph
 He went into utter obscurity with no last minute farewell or respect

and with no tangible means of support arias.
6. Although I was not according to them entitled to gratuities, with peanuts as
pension but even if they are strong enough to outlive their usefulness … ‘’Allah
will ultimately provide for us all’’. Identify and briefly explain the two features
of style used in this sentence.
 The feature of the sentence shows the bitter words from the speaker
and its style that shows incomplete words like usefulness…
 He also meant that we all get provision from Allah which means we all
equal and we shall all be judged.
7. Basing your argument on one major shortcoming of the writer, say a reason
why you should not be sympathetic with him.
 Not because he is not suffering , he has his family now and his three
full grown men who are settled securely in life and work so hard to
support him
8.What feelings towards the writer does the passage arouse? Support your
answer
 Bitter feelings
He said that he was so perplexed and downcast that very bitter feelings will
forever remain in his heart.
9. The writer uses the word redemption to elicit two implications. Explain the
two implications.
 It implies a result of his past mistakes

 It implies that he failed that’s why he needed the greatest self-cleansing
10. Quote one statement in the final paragraph which hints at the writer’s
sense of remorse.
 He said that he can now have all the time to reflect back on his entire
life and try to asses wherever he failed and try to effect a self-
redemption
VOCABULARY
Activity 4
1. Withdrawal from one’s occupation or from active working place –
Discharged
2. To get rid of impurities by or as if by washing –Cleansing
3. In the end –Ultimately
4. One paid under given conditions to a person following retirement from

service –Pension
5. looked-forward or expected –Downcast
6. Perquisite or tip – gratuities
7. having a right to certain benefits –entitled
8. Planned or carried out with great care – cured
9. To tread on forcibly and repeatedly –elaborate
10. Long strenuous fatiguing labor –perplexed
11. full of difficulty –toiled
12. Not functioning properly –dysfunctional
13. To hold dear –sympathetic
14. A person that makes malicious attacks especially against an opponent –

mudsling
15. Appropriate –duly
16. Kindly or pleased appreciation –cherish
17. To force to an act or choice –coerce
18. To release from an obligation –self-redemption
ACTIVITY 5
Choose the most appropriate word from the box below to fill in the gaps
in the following sentences:
1. We need to male our network more securely against attacks by hackers

2. The two sides have settled their differences
3. The man was feeling destitute and sympathetic since he was ultimately
terminated
4. That house was abandoned years ago
5. The messy job was beyond desolately
6. The school assesses the student’s progress each year
7. He has been living in relative obscurity in a small town
8. His grief was cured
9. The office of the superintendent of parks issues camping permits
10. I was relieved to hear that you are feeling better
11. Her anticipated faze made us realize that she was shy
12. A new dean is at the helm of the medical school
UNIT 2: ORAL PRESENTATION
READING COMPREHENSION (ANSWERS)
1. The source of happiness according to the author
 The mind
 Mental qualities i.e. confidence, contentment, feeling of peace & serenity
inside as well active good will.
2. The two classes of behavior that happiness includes are:
 Active – searching
 Passive – possession of material things and security.
3. What according to you does the writer mean when he talks of a balanced
life.
 According to me the writer means we should not depend on only one

aspect of life to give us happiness. We should learning to find happiness.
 4. To find true love we need to know/understanding the purpose of our
life, how to succeed in the hereafter and know about our eternal life
after death by adhering to the commands of Allah and His true religion.
 5. -The writer’s main point is that apart from feeding our bodies, it is
also very important that we feed our souls and hearts too.
 6. -No single word can be dished as the recipe for happiness
 .7- The writer feels that finding happiness is very important and people
must have the will to find it. To find true happiness we need to
understand the purpose of our life and adhering to the commands of
Allah and his true religion.
 8. -Yes
 Because every time they feel sad they are not able to balance between
the pain of losing and the pleasure of gaining in life.
 9. A life that is crowded is when one has so much to do / achieve.
According to the writer in such a crowded life one may end up having
more to be done than what they have done. But if they can balance the
pain of losing &pleasure of gaining, they end up happy.
 10. Yes shall seek for happiness
 The writer says it is legitimate to seek happiness. He also says it is the
nature of every one of us to seek happiness.
 11. According Islamic teaching one can reach the true ultimate of
happiness by humbling his / herself to Allah, worship him alone, strive
for his pleasure, strive to enter paradise and have salvation from
hellfire in the Day of Judgment
VOCABULARY
Explain the meaning of the following words according to the way they
have been used in the passage
a) product – resulting from
b) Confidence – believing in or having faith in
c) Contentment – being satisfied
d) Encompasses – involves, or caused by
e) Pleasure – enjoyment
f) Thrives – coming out, developing from
g) Realism – the truth of fact about something
h) Commerce – business dealings
i) Careers – someone’s occupation
j) Leap – going higher
k) Annals – record of events
l) Dynamics – change of how something is done within a system
m) Fabric – structure of something, or material that makes something
n) Procrastination – postponing
o) Accomplish – to achieve
p) Paradoxically – on the contrary
q) Felicity – a feeling of intense happiness.
r) Inimitably – unique
s) Emphasized – give special importance
t) Virtue – have moral standards
u) Seize – take something off suddenly and forcibly
v) Complexities – being complicated
w) Modesty – being moderate
x) oxymoron – contradiction
y) Intimate – familiar
z) Paradoxically – on the contrary
ACTIVITY 6
Complete the sentences with words from the box. (Each word should be used
once)
1. The caves contained some prehistoric artifacts

2. The African people have continually retained their old customs
3. English is becoming a global language
4. She’s tremendous good teacher
5. No one was happy about what was occurring
6. The policy was supported by a vast majority of citizens
UNIT 3: A CLOSSAL HOUSE
READING COMPREHENTION [QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS]
1. List five reasons why the owners of the new house were not happy with
it.
a) the stair case was deadly
b) the house did not have a back door
c) most windows could never close
d) sagged
e) One of the doors could not open
2. List down the expression in the passage which shows that the family
overcomes their dissatisfaction
- Amazingly was the mere fact that on how suddenly papal their
disappointment faded away
3. Why do you think Mr. Farah found the house so welcoming?
- he had come from a small rented house to a specious and already
furnished house
4. In two sentences summarize Mr. Farah’s succession in life.
- He was a school teacher and also wrote news for the national radio.
- He did TV programmes too
5. What does this tell us about his social status? Explain your answers.
- He was a philanthropist.
- He received some money from the government’s social security fund
simple charity fund and was happily to show his gratitude as kind
gesture to the social worker – teacher – journalist Farah.
6. Explain the meaning of the following statements according to how they
are used in the passage.
a) Its color had stopped to amaze
- the colour had lost the beauty
b) now the downstairs walls were refurbished
- the down stairs walls were repaired to look good again
c) glass windows were leprous
- Not in good condition
7. In two paragraphs, make a short description of Farah’s family
- Mr. Farah came back from abroad for the first time after 20 years; life
abroad had been an absolute void. More than 20 years old kitchen safe
which he bought shortly before his marriage was white and new then.
- According to the passage we have only been told about his marriage but
not the entire family
8. Why according to you, does the writer start most of the sentences with
and…?
- The writer starts most sentence with and because he is giving more
sentences about the same thing
C. VOCABULARY [ANSWERS]
1. Peculiar
2. Flows
3. Sagged
4. Refurbished
5. Accommodate
6. Returnee
7. Conspicuously
8. Philanthropist
9. Attic
10. Amazingly
11. Occupant
12. Gratitude
13. Destitute
14. Miserable
15. as kind gesture
UNIT 4: POETRY GUIDE
Poetry- is the study of poems and the poetic language.
A poem- is a creative composition usually written in verse.
A poem uses diction, imagery and of words to communicate.
Definition of terms
A poet -Is someone who writes poems.
Persona- is the voice speaking in the poem.
Subject -is what the persona refers or talks in the poem
The subject matter or theme- is the issue that is being talked about or being
raised.
Structure of the poem- refers to how the lines in a poem are arranged. For
example, a poem can have four stanzas and each stanza can carry five lines.
Rhythm -is achieved through repetition of words or sounds.
Rhyme- is the repetition of sounds at the end of lines in a poem.
Practical Example
They said we should be honest
And taught us to be the best
But I feel and look like a guest
Because here, to be best
Is to be corrupt with zest
In this poem the end sounds /est/ has been repeated several times and
therefore the poem has rhyme.
Use of rhyming words
When a poem has a few words that rhyme then the style in the poem will be
use of rhyming words
Internal rhyme- refers to use of rhyming words within a line in a poem if the
line is divided into two clauses and they all end in the same sound e.g.
although they set a target, it was not met
Rhyme scheme- is a pattern that is created by repetition of sounds at the end

of lines to create rhyme. A rhyme scheme is written in the following manner
without uses of commas or any other punctuation.
This the debt I pay (a)
Just for one righteous day (a)
Year of regret and grief (b)
Sorrow without relief (b)
Pay it I will to the end (c)
Until the grave my friend(c)
Gives me a true release (d)
Gives me the clasp of piece (d)
Slight was the thing I bought (e)
Small was the debt I thought (e)
Poor was the loan at best (f)
God! But the interest (f)
The rhyme scheme in the poem above will be aabbccddeeff this rhyme
scheme is regular one because we can easily predict the next sound to be gg.
This rhyme scheme creates musicality in the poem and also reinforces the
meanings of the words that rhyme.
Alliteration
Alliteration- involves the repetition of initial consonant sounds in every

successful word in order to create rhyme, for example,
She sang a sad song
Consonance
Repetition of consonant sounds present at the middle or at the end of words

e.g.
He fought and thought about it
She had talked about it a lot
Assonance in poetry
Assonance- is the repetition of vowel sounds in words that follow each other
closely in a poem usually to create musicality.
IMAGARY
Imagery- in a poem is the use of figurative language or language that creates

mental pictures of situations. Such mental pictures are created are created by
the following pictures:
1. Metaphor
2. Simile
3. Symbolism
4. Personification
Metaphor – this is the direct reference of something using the quality of

something else in order to show that they share they such a trait.
Example:
Ali is a lion – to show that Ali is strong/dangerous/brave etc just as a lion
Simile – is making a comparison of two things using the following words,
As … as …/ like …/a kin to … etc
Example:
- She sung like an angle
- His interest is akin to mine
Symbolism – refers to the objects or things in a poem that have meaning

outside the poem.
Example: a snake is generally considered to be an embodiment of evil and

trickery
- Whiteness a symbol of purity

- Blood symbol of violence, death etc
Personification – refers to giving human qualities to animals and things

plants or stones.
Example:
-The tree whispering
- The stone crying
- The lion talking etc.
IRONY IN POETRY
Irony- in poetry occurs when there is a contradiction between what the

reader expect and what happens in the poem.
SATIRE IN POETRY
Satire- is a stylistic device where a persona uses a mocking language to

criticize people, things or situations.
Satire is mainly used to expose the wrong or foolish deeds or beliefs of a

person or a society.
MOOD, ATTITUDE AND TONE IN POETRY
Mood- refers to feelings you get when you read a poem or the atmosphere
that surrounds events in a poem. This could influence how the reader or how
the audience feels after reading or listening to the poem.
A poem that centers to on a funeral /death will certainly have a sorrowful or
sad mood whereas; one that centers to a wedding or any other celebration
should have a happy contented or jovial mood.
Attitude – refers to the feelings that the persona has towards the subject the
persona is talking about. For instance, in a poem the persona may describe
someone who is corrupting children and oppressing people using words like
disgusting, blemish, rogue etc.
Tone – this refers to the nature of the voice used in a poem. It is important to
know what the poem is talking about in order to identify the tone of the
persona. The tone of the persona is closely influenced by the attitude towards
the subject and the general mood of the poem.
For instance, if the persona loved the subject and his attitude towards it
loving, then the tone would be happy.
If the subject is dead, then tone would be sad.
If the subject is around it might be a loving tone.
If a persona is a father talking to a son in a polite way then the tone can be
patronizing. Etc.
GLOSSERY OF TERMS
Allegory
A symbolic narrative in which the surface details imply a secondary meaning.

Allegory often takes the form of a story in which the characters represent
moral qualities.
Character
The people we meet in the story and who inhabit literary work.
Characterization
A characterization is a description of characters. The protagonist is the main
character, often the hero of the story. The antagonist is the villain or enemy in
the story.
Connotation
The association called up by a word that goes beyond its dictionary meaning.
Poets especially tend to use words rich in connotation.
Dialogue
Dialogue is the conversation of characters in a literary work. In fiction,

dialogue is often typically enclosed within quotation marks. In plays,
characters speech is preceded by their names.
UNIT 5: THE LION WITH A THORN IN HIS PAW
POETRY QUESTIONS
By Maxamed Ibraahim Warsame ‘Hadraawi’
1. What is the subject matter of the poem above?

- The poem is about the suffering citizens of the persona have
been made to go through by leadership from western
countries (slavery). They had their wealth snatched, lands
grabbed and given false promises
2. Who is referred to as ‘’you’’ in the poem? Give evidence to support your
answer
- You refer to the citizens of the country who chose the
persona as their leader. (you the people chose me)
3. From stanza 1-4 select three words and phrases that describe how the
poet explains what the persona should do to make good out of their
country.
- You have no clue.
- His fall will break both shinbone and thigh it will be
recorded well
- You deserve it
4. Look again at stanza 2-4. In your own words explain what the poet’s
thoughts and feelings are towards the young people.
- Sympathetic … my fear at your fortunes, my care at your
conditions
5. In at least two paragraphs, discuss how the poet uses language and style
to create optimism and restore hope
- The use of rhetorical questions, to bring out the clear
picture of the society needed. ‘‘Calamity is capable of
wonders… and you call this normal?”
6. What is the mood of this poem? Explain your answer.
- The mood is sympathetic. The persona shows pity towards
the citizens he leads explaining their sufferings, and feels for
them. He hopes to make them a better people
7. In your own words, retell the events that took place in the poem.
- The people of this society lost their land due to war and
now seeking refuge to other countries (now refugees) but
hoping for a better tomorrow.
8. What is the main theme of this poem?
- Slavery. So many instances of white rule that leaves the
people in abject poverty until they have to severally get any
day from Arabic countries.
9. Identify and illustrate three instances of hyperbole in this poem
- Jumped up into the sky
- Made your bed in my soul
- A thousand times begging
10. Describe the tone of the persona in the poem.
- The tone is optimistic. Evident from what the persona tells
the citizens that it shall be recorded well. He hopes for the
better tomorrow even after what they have been through.
Refuses to be put down by negativity
11. Explain the meaning of these words as used in the poem
a. Unobtainable
- Difficult to get
b. Unbridled
- Without boundaries
c. Hick-skinned
- Uninfected
d. Pity
- Sorry
e. Scattered
- Dismantled
THE LION AND THE THORN: COMPREHENSION

Questions
1. Classify the story above.
- Legend and dilemma narrative
2. State three characteristics of the classification above?
- It is about heroes the heroes saves the day
- it involves human character
3. Give one function of this particular narrative?
- It entertains
4. Identify and explain any four features of oral narrative found in this
story.
- Use of opening formula … ’’ once there lived …
- Use of closing formula …’’ from that time…
- Use of personification
- Dialogue
5. Why was the lion in pain?
- A piece of bone had stuck in its throat.
6. State two economic activities of the community referred to in this story.
- Hunting
- trading
7. Why did the lion give the hunter the antelopes?
- As a way of appreciating the hunter.
8. Give two character traits of each of the following
a. The lion
- Friendly
- appreciative
b. The man
- Sympathetic … he sympathized with the lion
- Kind … helped the lion
9. Who according to your understanding is the most appropriate target of
this narrative?
- Children
10. What is the moral lesson of this story?
- We should be kind and sympathetic
Activity 1
Vocabulary
Occupation- a job or profession
Prey- animal hunted for food
Game- area of land where wild animals live safely
Thicket- a dense group of bushes or trees
Growling - a low guttural noise made in the throat, especially by a dog, to
indicate hostility.
Wagging - (especially with reference to an animal's tail) move or cause to
move rapidly to and fro.
Profusely - to a great degree in large amounts.
Soothing - reducing pain or discomfort.
Supply - make (something needed or wanted) available to someone;
provide
UNIT: 6 ORAL LITERATURES; WHY THE HEN SCRATCHES THE
GROUND
1. Under which category is the above narrative? Explain your answer.
 Etiological /explanatory narrative because it is a story that
explains the origin of a phenomena i.e. why the hen scratches the
ground and why a vulture swoops on chicks even in this days.
2. Identify and illustrate any four features of oral narratives used in this
narrative.
 Dialogue
 Personification
 Opening and closing formula
3. For each of the following Identify and illustrate one character trait of;
a. Vulture
 Generous: because he lent the razor to the hen without
expecting payment.
b. Hen
 Forgetful: it forgot to return the razor to the vulture
c. Little ones
 Untidy: as they had unshaved hair
4. Identify and illustrate two economic activities practiced by the
community in this narrative.
 Trading /business
 Cattle keeping
5. What is the meaning of “with a chick gripped within his talons under his
breast.’’
 It means that the vulture took and kept firm hold of chick on his
large hooked claw under the breast
6. State two moral lessons we learn from the above narrative.
 We should be careful and follow instructions
 We should be generous to our friends
7. Why according to the narrative does the hen scratch the ground?
 The hen scratches the ground looking for vulture’s razor which
got lost
8. Why does the vulture hunt the chicks?
 The vulture hunts the chicks because the hen failed to compensate
the vulture his razor.
9. State other three types of oral narratives that you know.
 Legend narratives
 Trickster
 Ogre/monster
10. Give two reasons why the hen borrowed the razor in the first
place.
 Because she had lost her nearly months ago
 Because of her young ones were looking very ugly, untidy, with
their unkempt long and overgrown hair.
C: Vocabulary
A. Activity 1
a. Excellent – extremely good / outstanding

b. Terms -the conditions that are part of
an agreement or arrangement, or the features of an activity or idea
c. Razor - an instrument with a sharp blade or set of blades, used to
remove unwanted hair from the face or body.
d. Procure - obtain (something), especially with care or effort.
e. Necessities - the state or fact of being required/ essential
f. Overdue - not having arrived, happened, or been done by the expected
time/ late
g. Hospitality - is the relationship between a guest and a host, where in the
host receives the guest with goodwill.
h. Concern - relate to/ be about
i. Incased - covered or protected with or as if with a case
j. Intend - have (a course of action) as one's purpose or intention/ plan
k. Mesmerized - capture the complete attention of (someone)/transfix.
l. Negligence - is a failure to exercise appropriate and/or ethical ruled
care expected to be exercised amongst specified circumstances.
m. Sustenance - the maintaining of someone or something in life or
existence/ daily bread
n. Dung - the excrement of animals/ manure/ droppings/faeces.
o. Gripped - take and keep a firm hold of; grasp tightly.
p. Compensation - something given or received as an equivalent for
services, debt, loss, injury, suffering, lack, etc.; indemnity:
q. Talons - a claw, especially of a bird of prey.
B: Vocabulary
a. Tendency- an inclination towards a particular characteristic or type

of behavior.
b. Perpetrators - a person who carries out a harmful, illegal, or immoral
act.
c. Exhibits - an object or collection of objects on public display in an art
gallery or museum or at a trade fair.
d. Wrapped - paper or plastic that covers or protects something
e. Fantasy - the faculty or activity of imagining impossible or
improbable things.
f. Insomnia - is a common sleep disorder that can make it hard to fall
asleep, hard to stay asleep, or cause you to wake up too early and not
be able to get back to sleep.
g. Incest - Incest is the crime of two members of the same family having
sexual
h. Terminated - bring to an end
i. Subsequent - coming after something in time; following/later/future
j. Emaciation - the state of being abnormally thin or weak/thinness
k. Debilitating - tending to weaken something.
l. Prevailing - existing at a particular time; current.
m. Psychosis - is a condition that affects the way your brain processes
information. It causes you to lose touch with reality. You might see,
hear, or believe things that aren't real. ( symptom not illness)
HARE AND THE HYENA

Questions and answers
1. Classify the narrative above.

 Trickster narrative
2. Identify and illustrate three features of oral narratives used in the
narrative above.
 Personification
 Opening formula
 Dialogue
3. Identify and illustrate one character trait for each of the following;
a. The hare
 Coward: because he ran away when the terrifying creature
came where he was
b. The hyena
 Cunning: because it terrified the hare by disrobing his skin and
after that came and ate all food inside the pot.
4. State three functions of the phrase “one day”, a “long time ago.”
 It separates the word of reality from that of imagination
 It attracts the attention of the audience
 It identifies the narratives
5. Identify one economic activity practiced by people in this community.
 Farming
6. A narrative like the one above is classified as a genre of oral literature.
Apart from narratives state three other genres of oral literature.
 Folktale
 Proverbs
 Riddles
 Folk drama
UNIT: 7 THE FATHER AND HIS SON

READING COMPREHENSION
1. Classify the story above
 Dilemma narrative
2. State three classification of the story above
 It involves human character
 It involves heroes
 It creates suspense
3. Give one function of this particular narrative
 Gives the audience an insight into character’s lives and also
creates suspense
4. Identify and explain any four features of oral narrative apparent in
this story.
 Use of suspense
 Fantasy
 Closing formula
 Opening formula
5. Why do you think father stuck his son?
 Because the son let the squirrel escaped
6. State two economic activities of the community referred to in this
story
 Hunting
 Trading
7. Why did the helmsman give his son the horses?
 Because the chiefs’ sons had ran out of horses
8. Give two character traits of each of the following
a. The chief
 Doubtful
 Convoker
b. The father
 angry
 Cruel
c. The son
 Hardworking
 Defender
d. The helmsman
 Caring – he ordered his workers to carry and have him shaved
and cleaned.
 Deceiver
9. Who according to your understanding is the most appropriate target
audience of this narrative?
 Adults
10. What do you think could be the moral lesson of this story?
 We should learn to control our anger
11. Do you think the young man will kill his father? Why or why not?
 No, because he tried to defend his father when the helmsman’s
workers wanted to strike his father.
12. Explain the dilemma in this narrative.
 The dilemma happens where the real father and the helmsman
went in the boondocks together with the son then the helmsman
gave his sword to the son and said to him ‘‘kill one of us”.
Vocabulary
Activity 1
Explain the meaning of the following words as used in the narrative
a. Occupation
 Job or occupation
b. Wild game
 An animal that is used for food, but is not domesticated
c. Helmsman
 A person who steers a ship or boat
d. Ceremony
 A formal religious or public occasion, once celebrated at a
particular event.
e. Caravan
 It is a vehicle without an engine that can be pulled by a car or van.
It contains beds and cooking equipment so that people can live
and spend their holidays in it.
f. Eluded
 Escape from or avoid (a danger, enemy, or pursuer), typically in a
skilful or cunning way.
g. Unconscious
 Not awake and aware of and responding to one's environment.
h. Heed
 Pay attention to; take notice of.
i. Plentitude
 Abundance or fullness
j. Bungalow
 A low house having only one storey or, in some cases, upper
rooms set in the roof, typically with dormer windows.
k. Abundant
 Existing or occurring in large amounts: sufficient
UNIT 8 EDIBLE SODA

READING COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
COMPREHENSION
1. How is soda bicarbonate from washing soda or soda ash?
 Soda bicarbonate has bicarbonate in it and is the main mildly
alkaline substance while washing soda ash contains carbonate
only
2. How does human body absorb soda bicarbonate?
 It is naturally made by the human body from the carbon dioxide
present in the sodium derived from the normal salt in our diet.
3. According to the passage, when is a person likely to suffer from
acidosis?
 When the amount of sodium bicarbonate in the blood stream is
insufficient
4. In note form, briefly explain the importance of soda bicarbonate in
human body
 It helps in the transportation of (C ) carbon dioxide to the
lungs.
 It also neutralizes acids secreted by the stomach walls and as a
component of saliva, helps in the prevention of dental carries or
cuts down on the decaying of teeth.
5. How does soda bicarbonate assist in respiration?
 Soda bicarbonate assists in respiration by transporting carbon
dioxide to the lungs.
6. In a paragraph of not more than 40 words, summarize the uses of edible
soda at home
 At home edible soda is used in baking yeast breads requiring a
long time almost three to four hours when it is mixed with an acid
like vinegar, butter-milk which contains lactic acid; this
combination releases carbon dioxide which in turns creates an
instant cleaning agent Also used in cleaning rusted brass and
copper utensils.
7. According to the passage, why is soaking your feet in a solution of soda
bicarbonate in water a good idea?
It is a good idea because it helps in getting rid of feet odour.
8. “Soda bicarbonate may turn out to be world’s greenest natural
chemical”. In one sentence explain this statement.
 It means soda bicarbonate may turn to be the most important or
useful natural chemical
9. State one industrial advantage of soda bicarbonate
 It is used to curb acid emissions from chimneys and prevent acid
rain.
10. How does soda carbonate help in relation to sewerage system?
 In sewage system, soda bicarbonate helps in keeping harmful and
toxic materials such as lead and copper from entering drinking
water to help in sewage biodegradation and to and to remove
contaminants from the soil.
C. VOCABULARY
Give the meaning of the words and phrases in the box as used in the passage.
1. To curb- to control
2. Delicate soak – best detergent for hand washing
3. Constitutes- to form or make something
4. Neutralizes-make something ineffective by applying an opposite force
5. Component -a particular feature or part of something
6. Combination -a joining or merging of different parts or qualities in
which the component elements are individually distinct.
7. Acidic elements – chemicals or substances having the property of an
acid
8. Releases – allow something to move or flow freely
9. Edible soda -a white powder used to make foods rise when they are
baked
10. Scour them – clean or brighten the surface of something with an
abrasive or detergent
11. Derived from – obtain something from a specific source
12. Clogged – blocked with an accumulation of thick, wet matter.
13. Maintenance – the process of keeping something in good
condition
14. Stuck – push a sharp or pointed object into or through something.
ORAL POETRY
By: Maxamed Ibrahin Warsame ‘Hadraawi’
1. From the poem above, identify and illustrate three mnemonic effects.
 Rhyme: e.g. counsel, goal, friend, hand
 Alliteration: e.g. you planted sesame and cereal
 Assonance: e.g. weapons bear
2. In not more than 35 words, describe what the poem is about
 The poem is about how knowledge ( the pen) can make someone
a better person by giving wise counsel (makes them be wise) or
how it can work against a person through making weapons which
are used in attacks that leads to death.
3. You’ve been asked to perform the above poem. Explain how you will
prepare for it.
 Present myself well and be attentive. Use good posture. Be
confident and make a direct connection with the audience. No
Nervous gestures and lack of confidence
4. In one sentence tell the persona of the poem. Give reason to your
answer.
 The persona is one of the residents who advises them to keep
knowledge (let it flatten all fences and the boundaries that hedge
us in.
5. What is the tone of the persona?
 The tone is informative
 The persona clearly shades light on how knowledge can be helpful
and
 Distrustful at the same time
6. What non-verbal aspects would you use in the performance of the poem
and where?
 Point the index finger at an imaginary person to show ‘you’ (line2)
 Walk around to show ‘following’ people who follow many flags
 Put on a sad face to indicate sorrowful and suffering
7. While performing the above poem you notice that members of the
audience are murmuring what could be the problem?
 Inaudibility of the reciter
 The audience didn’t understand the poem
 The reciter failed to use verbal and non-verbal cues like tonal
variation, gestures, etc.
8. In at least 3 sentences, describe the mood of the poem.
 Sorrowful-
 Life sorrowful and suffering
 Belongs to a man who doesn’t give a cent
 Who finds it difficult to do well?
9. Identify and illustrate two instances of personification and explain their
effect.
 The pen will give wise counsel.
 The pen which is knowledge has a vital role to play in decision
making.
10. Identify and explain two themes evident in the poem.
 Theme of betrayal-Whom we trusted with our fates/ Who we plan
out our paths
 Theme of war – those weapons that can bear never attempt the
forging of swords and implements of death
11. Explain the meaning of the following words as used in the poem
a. Counsel – an advice given especially as a result of consultation
b. Encompassing – to include different types of things
c. Flatten – make something flat
d. Groan – make a deep sound conveying pain, despair and pleasure
e. Lulation –wail or make loud sound as an oppression of strong
emotion e.g. in funeral
f. Victimization –bullying someone or causing someone to be treated
unfairly
g. contentment a stage of happiness and satisfaction
h. collaboration –the action of working with someone to produce
something
i. Burden –something you carry or withstand with much difficulty
j. Refute –to prove something or someone is wrong by argument
k. Essence –is the quality or qualities that make anything what it is
UNIT: 9 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
THE MOTHERLESS GIRL (NARRATIVE) AND THE POEM
HARMONY
By; Asha Lul Mohamud Yusuf
1. What are the social evils dealt within the poem? Explain your answer by
supporting it with quotations from the poem.
 Discrimination : most young people are not allowed to participate in
this event
Line 23 stanza 2 “The best young people are chosen for the dance”.
“Their choruses and echo harmoniously.”
 Moral decadence: e.g. In line 26 stanza 3 “the skillful young men are
alive with excitement while the graceful divas respond with their
chorus.
 The question is why does the activity only permitted to on at night
but when the sun rises the party ends.
2. Pick up three stylistic devices used in this poem and explain their
significance.
 Symbolism: E.g. the fresh green grass symbolizes peace
 Fresh rainfalls evenly symbolizes fertility of the land
 Rhyme: e.g. stanza 1 line 5 and 6. Around / ground /Environment
/excitement /fulfillment
 Metaphor: direct comparison of two things, e.g. its soil is gold
beyond price
a) Discuss the tone in the poem.
 Nostalgic: this means the speaker keeps on remembering all
the nice experiences they used to experience before.
a) Is the title of this poem significant? Explain why or why not?
 The title rhymes perfectly with the theme of the poem hence
it is significant simply because all the experiences described
are truly uniting hence the resulting harmony.
b) Identify and illustrate the use of irony of the poem
 The poet celebrates his/her country and refers it to us a
place of peace and safety while in the same line, prays for it
to be healed by justice. This is ironic
3. Who could be the persona of the poem above?
 Inhabitant of the land because he/she is very nostalgic and seems
to have gone through the experience
4. What is the subject matter of the poem above?
 Prosperity and abundance /tranquility and peace
5. Identify satire in the poem above and explain its effectiveness.
 In stanza 1, the persona speaks of utility and productivity with
much rain. It is ironic that in the last stanza, the poet is heard
lamenting of open skies i.e. under a clear sky with no hint of haze,
not a cloud to be seen nor any mist.
6. What is the tone of this poem?
 The tone is nostalgic
7. Explain what the last stanza implies.
 It tells of how the place is specious enough to fit everybody,
without there being anyone left out, that trust is the hallmark or
the highest quality of every human being and that people are
religious enough to trust Allah and faithfully ask for his protection
over their well being and all they own.
8. “Brightly-patterned butterflies flit around new blossoms” which of the
following sound pattern is evident in this line?
a) Assonance c) rhyme
b) Alliteration d) consonance
9. Explain the effect of this particular sound pattern.
 It creates or puts more emphasize on the idea being passed
across.
10. Explain the meaning of the following words as used in this poem:
a) Plump – wealthy and well rounded leaves
b) Gorges- to feel themselves to satisfaction with water
c) Churn- to turn around/
- The container used to take milk
d) Tension- miss understanding that can lead to breakdown to
communication
e) Mist- lack of clarity / not being able to see
f) Magnificent- beautiful sight
g) Flapping – wings in motion/ moving their wings up and down
h) Sanctuary- a fortified place with or not easy to penetrate from
outside
THE MOTHERLESS GIRL!
1. Identify and illustrate five oral features in this story

 Personification
 Opening formula
 Dialogue
 Use of idiophone
 Use of suspense
2. Why did the woman tie bungles on the girls’ arms?

 Because the hyena could identify the girl to kill through it.
3. Explain aspects on culture of the community from which this story is

drawn.
 Polygamous – because the man had two wives.
 According to the story, elders are the one to decide what kind of
punishment is given to a wrong doer.
 The presence of elders shows the people in the story are ruled by
elders.
4. What do we learn about the character traits of Dahiro from this

narrative?
 We should be friendly the way Dahiro was despite her mother’s
cruelty
5. Why did the woman send the girls and to where were they sent?
 The woman sent the girls so that they can meet with the hyena as
they had agreed and the girls were sent to the spring to fetch
some water
6. What is the mood of this narrative?

 Gloomy
7. In no more than two sentences, explain the role of the travelers in this
narrative.
 They advised the girl Dahabo to go home and convey the sad news
of her sister Dahiro’s death to her parents
8. Describe the character of:

a) The mother
 Cruel
b) Dahabo her daughter
 Merciful / compassionate
9. What is the moral of this narrative?

 We should love one another and wish them well instead of
planning evil things against them.
10. Was the banishing of the woman from the village justifiable or
not? Explain your answer
 It was justifiable because according to the story the woman was
so grieved and could not utter a word when she heard of the news
that her daughter had been killed by the hyena.
UNIT: 10 SOCIETIES IN THE PASTS

ORPHAN
BBY ASHA LUL MOHAMUD YUSUF
1. What is the poem about?
 The poem talks about the hopelessness and despair the citizens
and the inhabitants of this country Somalia are forced to endure.
The poet has lost the appeal to compose poem or any attempt to
draw attention from the public.
2. Identify three features of oral songs in the poem and illustrate your
answer.
 Repetition
 Figurative language
 Direct address/ apostrophe
 Short stanzas/lines
 Parallelism
 Simple vocabulary
3. Identify any two words that you would stress in the second line of the
first stanza of this poem clearly explain your answer.
 Stop – this is an action word/verb that clearly emphasizes the
most important aspect of the author’s life he/she has been forced
to abandon.
 Verses – this is also important since clearly the person in question
is a poet and poetry is his/her great work.
4. How would you perform the third line of the last stanza?
 Maintain direct eye contact with the audience
 Use gestures and be confident
 Relax and be natural, enjoy your poem
 Be audible
 Speak clearly
5. State three themes evident in this poem.
 Chaos and anarchy
 Corruption
 Suffering
 Leadership vacuum
6. Identify the intonation in the following sentences:
a. Oh God, no one else is responsible
b. And later, usher in new starts, fresh air-

c. Animate skeletons, undernourished goats, their bones show
d. Think of a mother, like the she-camel whose offspring has died-
e. A terror is intense, they fragmented, fled apart
7. Describe the rhyme scheme in the second and third stanza.

 Second stanza – no rhyme established
 Third stanza – no rhyme established
8. For each of the following words, provide another word that is
pronounced in the same way.
a. Lack
 Lac
b. Drought
 Draught
c. Their
 There
9. Explain the meaning of these words and phrase as used in the poem.
a. Adobe
 A kind of clay used as a building material.
b. Endure
 Remain in existence/ last
c. Intellectuals
People possessing a highly developed intellect
d. Dumping ground
 A place where rubbish or unwanted material is left.
e. Agony
 Extreme physical or mental suffering
f. Execute malevolent orders
 Evil orders issued by leaders
g. Ensnared
 Catch in or as in trap
h. Grudges
 Resentment strong enough to justify retaliation
Https://www.poetrytranslation.org/poems/orphan#audiobox
SOCIETIES IN THE PAST
Reading comprehension
1. Who among the members of the societies were showed exceptional

respect and why?
 Those members among them who possessed certain personal
qualities, because societies of the past treated some people
among them with much greater respect.
2. Which aspects of the societies are affected by the changes of today?
 Many members of society believe and think from a material
point of view where they think money is the only and the most
important thing.
3. What personal qualities were regarded with respect in the past and
which are regarded respect as well in the present day society?
 In the past the qualities that were that were regarded with
respect and courage, commitment to one’s family and friends
or country, generosity, wisdom and honesty, willingness to
sacrifice one’s life for the interest of the society and being
selfless while in the present day society the ability to generate
money and succeed professionally, the quicker an individual
amasses material wealth or professions and become rich
person to more respect he or she earns.
4. What is the cause of the change of perception?
 Lack of morally upright values which are no longer viewed as
important as it was in the past.
5. Explain the relationship between the people’s perception and time.
 Due to age difference, the relegation of the features that were
treasured by earlier societies to the lowest position has rather
created in the minds of the greater majority especially the
youths to put their interest in music, sports and
entrepreneurship because they believe it offers much
opportunity of getting wealthy and popularly famous.
VOCABULARY (Activity 1)
1. Trait.
 A distinguishing quality or characters typically one belonging
to a person
2. Sphere
 A round solid figure
3. Material wealth
 Large amount of money and valuable material possession.
4. Desire
 A strong feeling of wanting to have something
5. Morally upright
 Behaving according to the standards of what is right or just.
6. Staunch
 Always loyal in support of a person, organization or set of
beliefs or opinions.
7. Insignificance
 The quality of being too small or unimportant to be worth
consideration
8. Dispensation
 Exemption from a rule or unusual requirement
9. Entrepreneurship
 Activity of setting up a business or businesses
10. Amasses
 Gather together or accumulate (a large amount or number of
materials or things)
UNIT 11: NATURE CONSERVATION

1. What is nature conservation
 Is the moral philosophy and conservation movement focused on
protecting species from extinction, maintaining and restoring
habitats enhancing ecosystem services and protecting biological
diversity?
2. Which plant species cannot survive in small home garden? Explain your
answer.
 Weeds, cannot survive because a farmer cultivates the soil.
3. What is nature according to the passage?
 The plants and animals that share the planet with us.
4. Name the plants species that do well in artificial habitats? Explain how
they survive.
 Weeds can survive only if the gardener or farmer cultivates the
soil.
5. From the passage find out and write down the words that mean the
following:
a. The natural environment, in which plants and animals normally live.
 Habitat
b. Small bushes and plants growing under big trees in forests.
 Shrubs
c. An area of land that is kept separate in order to protect the animals
living there.
 Game Park
6. Differentiate between nature and environment.
 Nature is careful preservation and protection while environment
is the surrounding in which animals and plants live.
7. Give a suitable title for this passage.
 Our planet and its beauty
8. Construct sentences of your own using the following words or phrases
a. Share our planet
 We can’t share this planet with another planet
b. Conserve
 We need to protect and conserve the our land
c. Survive
 All plants can survive if we take good care of them
d. Roam across
 Our animals can roam across where they cannot be disturbed
9. Explain the meaning of: others are not even conscious to the importance
of nature conservation as started in the passage.
 It means that people are not concern with plants and animals
around them.
10. Give opposite of the following words as used in the passage.
a. Conserve
 Destroy
b. Consciousness
 Unconsciousness
c. Meadows
Home
d. Danger
 Safety
e. Sensitizing
 Desensitizing
f. Peace
 Conflict
g. Naturally artificially
 Artificially
VOCABULARY
1) Impact
 A marked effect or influence.
2) Ambitious
 Having or showing a strong desire and determination to succeed.
3) Mechanism
 A natural or established process by which something takes place
or is brought about
4) Safeguard
 A measure taken to protect someone or something or to prevent
something undesirable
5) Dormitory
 A large bedroom for a number of people in a school or institution.
6) Collapses
 (Of a structure) suddenly fall down or give way.
7) Authorizing
 Give official permission for or approval to (an undertaking or
agent).
8) Conversely
 Introducing a statement or idea which reverses one that has just
been made or referred to
9) Adhere
 Believe in and follow the practices of.
UNIT 12: THE KILLER PLASTIC

COMPREHENSION
1. What are the unique problems of plastic bags
 Plastic bags start as fossil fuels and end up as deadly waste in
landfills and the ocean
2. What is plastic made for
 Plastic is made from fossil fuel sources such as natural gas and
petroleum.
3. What happens to most sea animals when they consume plastic?
 There level of glucose drop hence leaves them with less energy for
migration and reproduction. Females wouldn’t lay as many eggs,
and fewer young turtles are born.
4. In how many ways can plastic bags be aerodynamic?
In five ways;
 Stop buying water in plastic bottle
 Boycott the common micro beads
 Cook more
 Buy secondhand items
 Recycle
5. What happens if we stop selling of plastic?
 There will be no heartbreaks incidents of plastic papers killing
animals, marine mammals. We will also manage our environment,
money and time.
6. Name three animals in your community endangered by plastic bags?
 Goats, sheep and cows
7. What can you learn about the plastic bag in your area?
 They are very harmful to our environment.
8. How can the Somali government burn the distribution of plastic bags?
 The government should insist on your own bag in shopping,
silverware and those found distributing plastic bags should highly
fined or detained for some years.
C. Vocabulary
a) Match the words with their correct definitions
1. Boycott – to stop or fail to do
2. Reduce – to make something less, or smaller in size
3. Recycle – reuse things that have been used
4. Fossil – the remains of the animal or plant which have become hard and
turned into a rock
5. Clog – to block something
6. Disposable – made to be thrown off after use
7. Wean – to stop doing or using something
8. Toxic – containing poison
9. Trash – to make something less or smaller in size
b) For all the words, give their meanings
1. Mandatory –required by law or mandate
2. Ingest – to swallow (something like food)
3. Calculate – determined the amount or number of something mathematically
4. Reproduction – production of offspring sexual or asexual process
5. Coastline – the land along a coast
6. Waterways – a river canal or other route for travel by water.
7. Version – an account on a matter from a particular person’s point of view
8. Options – a thing that is or may be chosen
9. Sink – go down below a surface of something especially of a liquid
10. Curbside – the side of a road or pavement that is nearer to the kerb
11. Retail – sell goods to the public by retail
12. Pressure – the exertion of force upon a surface by an object, fluid, etc/
force
13. Footprint – the impression left by a foot or shoe on the ground or a

surface
14. Corporation – a group of people/ company elected to govern a city, town;

borough (district)
15. Sustainable – able to be maintained at a certain rate or level
16. Habits – a settled or regular tendency or practice especially one that is

hard to give up
UNIT 13: CULTURE SHOCK

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BOOKLET
POEM: SELF-MISUNDERSTOOD (Pg 178-182)
1. The poet eludes to a persona he calls Gurrey. In a short paragraph
explain what this character stands for.
 Gurrey – is a mythological figure constellations are usually
formed or named after character from mythology .in the forth
stanza line 11 and 12 i.e. I can’t get to grips with this garrulous
self even if my lope outstrips. It simply means the persona cannot
compare to this person in all ways and this clearly tells us he was
a man who was revered or a historical figure.
2. Describe the character of the subject as brought out in the poem
 Divisive and Confucius -He is portrayed as an individual who is a
savior to some and at the same time devilish to others.
 Kind - he is portrayed as a kind person by some people
 Protective he is also required to act as protective to some other
group by being seen as a shelter and shield.
 Cruel – in the second last stanza, he is required to take statements
from people e.g. to find out their whereabouts when certain events
were happening. lining up people implies to torture
3. What is the subject matter of this poem?
 In this particular poem we are made to examine how deception is
stool used by most people in higher positions to manipulate
others in order to achieve their objectives
4. What is the role of the ‘self’ in the poem?
 The poem focuses on self confidence; identity of the persona
which we have come to realize is split personality.
5. Describe the rhyme scheme of the last two stanzas
 There is no rhyme in the last two stanzas. In stanza 9, the rhymes
are place and face
6. Identify and illustrate two stylistic devices used in the poem
 Rhyme: - place and safe
 Assimilation/simile: - this is a direct comparison of two objects or
persons. Stanza 7 line 2, you’re like that riverbed.
7. Identify and illustrate two themes brought out in the poem
 Manipulation : - in the ninth stanza, the persona is clearly required to
play with people’s minds in order to achieve his objectives he has to
be different things to different people at once, e.g. stanza 9, last line.
Each day a new beast, a different face.
 Disappointment: - the persona has clearly failed to live up to the
expectations of his master hence he/she is being reprimanded.
Stanza 9 line 7 or could it be you who fail them?
8. Give the meaning of the following words as used in the poem above;
a) Garrulous
 Means excessive talking or talkative hence in the poem the person
talks endlessly and excessively.
b) Obligation
 Responsibilities carried out by an individual.
c) Horizons
 It means disappear from their sight.
d) Womb
 Uterus
e) Eternal
 It is used to portray truth as not being a concept that lasts. It is
short lived.
f) Constellations
 Here the poet is being interrogated to find out if there is any
linage or relationship between him and the legendary figure
Gurrey
g) Assail
 To attack vigorously or violently
COMPREHENTION (pg 183 – 186)
1. Why was travelling to the city exhilarating for maryan?

 Because travelling made her somehow feel alive seeing beautiful
building and the traffic, eating new food, hearing the foreign
sounds of a new way of life.
2. What is the meaning of culture shock?
 Culture shock is a phenomenon where nearly every person that
enters a new cultures experiences and may affect them through
the all five stages.
3. From the passage, list three factors that can cause culture shock.
 Entering new culture, from students to business travelers and to
travelers
4. What does the writer mean when he says, “And her delight turned into her
discomfort?”
 The writer meant that travelling to the city was no more existence
to Maryanne; instead it was stressful rather than stimulating.
5. What evidence does the writer give to show that “one understands all the
words, but does not understand the meaning”?
 The evidence is on the 5th stage where the writer says, as the
peoples language improve, they begin to succeed in meeting
people and negotiating for instance they are able to interact freely
and their self-confidence increase.
6. What do newcomers to the city do on realizing that they cannot change
their surroundings?
 They begin to accept the differences and tolerate them, for
instance, the food will never be as tasty as the food in their home
area or town but they are now able to eat.
7. Identify and explain any three features that characterize people in the
worst state of culture shock.
 At the second stage where people find it difficult to make friends
because they do not know the social customs of the new culture.
 In the 3rd stage where victims no longer have positive feelings

about the new environment and its culture so they begin to feel
lonely and isolated.
 At the 4th stage where they have negative feelings about almost
everything and they actively reject the new culture.
8. How do these people react when they may not like the way some people in
the big cities dress or have in public?
 They may not like the way some people in the big cities dress or
behave in public, but they could still understand and regard their
clothes and behaviors as wrong but would tolerate without
insulting or confronting them.
9. In note form, explain the difficulties experienced in the third stage of
culture shock.
 Making friends was not easy so the people/victims begin to feel
lonely and isolated. They begin to spend most of their free time
with students from their village home town and eat only from
restaurants that serve the same food as the one served in their
home area.
10. Name the helpful factors in overcoming culture shock? Explain your
answer.
 Strong support groups
 Keeping in touch with friends and family members
 Having a positive attitude
 Being patient and having faith
C. VOCABULARY
a) Alive – Alert and active

b) Confronting – Come face to face with someone with argumentive intent
c) Obsession – The domination of one’s thoughts or feeling by a persistent
Idea, image and desire
d) Adapting to life – A slight change over time to be able to continue to
exist in a particular environment
e) Isolated – Having minimal contact or little in common with others
f) Reject – To refuse to accept
g) Negotiating – A process by which agreement is reached while avoiding
argument and dispute
h) Adapting to life – A slight change over time to be able to continue to
exist in a particular environment
i) Sensory bombardment – It is a sensory overload which occurs when
one or more of the body’s senses experiences over stimulation from the
environment.
MATCHING THE WORDS IN A and B
1. Criteria – A standard on which a judgment or decision may be based.
2. Assertive – Characterized by bold or rather confident statements and

behavior
3. Tremendously – To a great extent
4. Unpardonably – Unforgivable
5. Optimism – Sanguinity
6. Genuine – Free from hypocrisy
7. Specifically – In a definite and specific way
8. Equitability – Fairly
9. Subsidy – Money granted by one state to another
10. Indebted – Arrears
11. Flexible – Adjustable
12. Stance – Intellectual or emotional attitude
FUN SPOT ( pg 187 -189)
1. Why did mataan develop a stomach upset?

 Mataan develop a stomach upset because of his greedily over eating
where he ate at the marriage ceremony and came back to Majlis where
he again ate maleexaan.
2. State four reasons why the words in italics are in vernacular.
 In order to connect a large audience
 To honor diverse cultures and helps the reader to understand them
 In order to develop character and setting
 Helps to express that the language used is that of a specific group
 To complete work and communicate about it in context
3. Identify and illustrate any three features of a narrative used in this
story.
 Dialogue – Where Mataan’s wife asked him “Mataan what haughtiness
has come over you that you can now only speak in whistles?”
 Opening formula – Like long time ago.
 Closing formula – But he had learned his lesson about greedily over
eating.
4. Imagine that you are performing this narrative. How would you likely
make it lively?
 By involving the audience in narration.
 Changing the pace of narration
 By using gestures
 Using facial expression
 By varying the tone of my voice.
5. Identify three character traits of :
 Matalan’s wife - Caring, Loving and Quarrelsome
 Matalan’s brother- Caring, Courageous and Loving
Mataan- Greedy, Coward and Helpless
6. Give one moral lesson that we can learn from this narrative
 We should be satisfied with what we have eaten and stop being greedy.
7. State at least five stylistic devices employed in this narrative
 Simile,
 Flashback,
 Imagery,
 Irony,
 Metaphor
 Satire.
ACTIVITY 5
a] Feast- A large meal, typically a celebratory one
b] Delicacies- Something pleasing to eat that is considered rare or luxurious.
c] Herbs – a plant with leaves, seeds or flowers used as medicine.
d] Haughtiness – Arrogance
e] Overstretched – To extent something beyond the limits.
f] Ailment – A minor illness
g] Odd- Different from what is usual or expected
h] Simultaneously – At the same time
i] Startled – Surprised and slightly frightened
j] Swiftly- With great speed without delay
k] Topple – Turn somebody/something in unsteady way like pushing
UNIT 14: FIELD WORK
COMPREHENSION
BOMBARDMENT OF INFORMATION
1. Explain how we are bombarded with information?

 We are bombarded with information through deluge of news,
notices, charts, posters, memos, recipes, weather forecasting,
preaching, knitting patterns and billboards as well as talk shows
on the radio and television.
2. How do the findings of the school experiment help us in understanding
how we view television in a domestic situation?
 Just like in school where loud bangs make students uneasy and
less concentrated, at home, a lot of destruction severely
diminishes the power television to inform due to lack of
concentration.
3. What is needed if a person wishes to assimilate information through the
medium of television?
 To be well informed by television requires determination in the
viewer and a domestic set-up is sympathetic to such earnest self-
teaching.
4. Where does the indiscriminate stream of stimuli come from and when
does it impinge in our consciousness?
 Only when something we consider special to us, like soap operas,
news bulletins, football results or movies, do we pay attention.
There are considerable variations among viewers, who complicate
the picture.
5. State the biggest problem facing broadcasters of today’s current affairs
programmes and explain how it affects their approach.
 It is a challenge for broadcasters to know the degree of previous
knowledge to assume in that vast heterogeneous audience,
despite the simplicity of the language in which they are presented,
current affairs programmes cannot be understood equally by all.
C. COCABULARY
Give the meaning of the following words as used in the passage:
1. Bombarded
 A continuous flow of questions, criticism of information
2. Notices, charts, posters, memos, recipes,
 Media
3. Consume
 eat, drink or ingest to destroy or expend by use
4. Charts
 Graphical presentation of data
5. Posters
 -A temporary promotion of an idea, products or event put up in a
public space for mass consumption
6. Memos
 A short official note that is sent by one person to another within
the same company/organization
7. Recipes
 A set of instructions for preparing a particular dish, including a
list of the ingredients required
8. Saturated
 To become completely soaked / completely filled with things or
people
9. Deluge
 Overwhelming amount of something in general such as work,
people or questions
10. Diminished
 To reduce or to be reduced in size or importance
11. Cornflakes
 A conservative that postures as crunchy and delicious, but
becomes a soggy mess when immersed in reality
12. Regime
 A system or ordered way of doing things
13. Incomprehensible
 Not able to be understood
14. Psychological
 A rising in the mind, related to the emotional and mental stage of
a person.
15. Context
 The situation within which exists or happens
16. Self-esteem
 Confidence in one’s own worth or abilities
17. Heterogeneous
 Diverse in character of content
18. Overloaded with information
 When someone gets too much information
UNIT 15: NEGOTIATION SKILLS

Comprehension
1. Why is there little danger of collision within a crowd of pedestrians?

 Mainly because their speed of movement is so slow that they can
change their pace and direction in time to avoid a collision
2. Identify when the danger of collision increases for a pedestrian and
explain why that should be.
 When the focal point naturally shortens and the driver observes
details these often indicates that a danger situation is developing
3. According to the passage, what vision problems do a driver travelling at
80 kph encounter?
 When driving at 80 kph the focal point is a considerable distance
ahead stationary objects there appear clear and well defined,
whereas the foreground details becomes somehow invisible
4. Explain why a driver travelling slowly is more likely to avoid being
involved in an accident.
Because he/her is able to view objects earlier and reduce the speed
5. What poses a serious danger to driver?
 Populated areas, dimly, lit streets, and where animals are likely to
stray into the road or roads near schools where school going
children are likely to be crossing
ii. State the various effects it is likely to have upon him.
 Fatigue which is felt first as eye strain and lack of concentration
6. Do you normally travel in public vehicles? How is it driven?
Slow or fast? What do you dislike about them?
 Yes, fast, sometimes loud music and congestion
C. VOCABULARY
Give the meaning of words and phrases as used in the passage
1. Thoroughfare
 A road that connects to other roads
2. Assessment
 The act of judging or deciding the amount, value, quality, or
importance of something
3. Concentration
 Mental effort you direct towards whatever you are doing
4. Collision
 An accident that happens when two vehicles hits each other
5. Deteriorate
 To become progressively worse
6. Pedestrians
 People walking rather than travelling in a vehicle
7. Pace fatigue
 Tiredness made worse by exertion
8. Medium
 About halfway between two extremes of size or another quality
9. Blurred tendency
 Inability to see vision problem
10. Foreground
 The part of a scene or picture that is nearest to and in front of the
viewer
11. Inaccurate
 Not completely correct or exact or not able to do something
correctly
12. Fatigue
UNIT 16: OUR LIFE TODAY
COMPREHENSION
1. Supporting your answer with information from the first paragraph, explain why the
writer describes indiscipline as astonishing.
 Because we see, hear and read about the issues of indiscipline almost every
time and everywhere
2. Explain what circumstances led to the situation described in the next.
 Lack of legislative or a provision in our regulatory rules which states that a
person who comes first in the counter of a public premises should be served
before the one who arrives later.
3. What precisely makes it difficult to define indiscipline in regard to this passage?
 The social malady which manifests itself in so many different forms,
sometimes obvious and brutal, takes a rather crude form.
4. Identify the themes in this text.
 Discipline and indiscipline in our life today
5. How would understanding, recognizing and respecting other people’s rights, needs
and desires minimize indiscipline?
 By having self control and restraint
6. What role do neighbors play in the text?
 To realize that adequate social education to the average citizen will make
them appreciate. The fact that it is in their own interest to uphold discipline
7. Give one reason why reckless driver who is indiscipline is taken as an example in
the text?
 To show that indiscipline is completely distinct from the act of lowliness and
the line between the two is indeed often slender.
8. How can our sense of natural justice and intelligence contribute to our self control
and discipline?
 By monitoring the way in which we will conduct ourselves or behave.
9. What is the different between disciplined individual and indiscipline individual in
the society?
 Discipline individual have sense of natural justice, intelligence and self
control while indiscipline individuals are lawless and fail or refuse to submit
to one’s selfless desires.
10. In a chronological order as per the passage,
a) Make notes on how an individual as well as the society in general can help to
propagate discipline.
 Realizing that adequate social education to average citizen will make them
appreciate the fact that it is their own interest to uphold discipline.
b) Explain what circumstances led to the situation described in the text.
 The circumstances led to the situation in the text are failure or refusal to
submission to one’s selfless desires and actions to the restraints of orderly
and social conduct while recognizing the rights and needs of others.
11. Describe writer’s attitude towards those who do not exercise self-control and
discipline?
 Who do not exercise self control and discipline will be unable to unwillingly
establish the inner break of one’s discipline on their selfish desires as well as
deeds.
C. VOCABULARY
Explain the meaning of the following words and expressions as used in this text.
a) Verbal reprimand
 A warning that a superior gives to an employee as a means of rectifying in
appropriate conduct
b) Pervaded
 Present throughout, to exist in every part
c) Figure out
 To solve something by using reasoning
d) Devilishness
 Playful, reckless behavior that is not intended to cause serious harm
e) Astonishing
 Extremely surprising
f) Social malady
 A condition affecting productivity of the human network
g) Robustness
 The quality of being strong and in good condition
h) Eccentric
 A person of unconventional and slightly strange views or behavior
i) Inevitably
 In a way that cannot be avoided
j) Predominantly
 Having power, authority or influence over others
k) Subtle
 Making use of clever and indirect methods to achieve something
l) Restraints
 Measures that keeps someone or something under control
m) Comprehensive
 Completing and including everything that is necessary
n) Abandonment
 The act of leaving someone or something a lone
o) Pedestrian
 A person walking rather than travelling in a vehicle
p) Sensibility
 The equality of being able to appreciate and respond to complex emotional
influences
q) Discretion
 The freedom to decide what should be done in a particular situation
r) Blameless
 Not responsible for something bad
UNIT 17: PROBLEMS CAUSED BY MODERN PACKAGING

Activity 1
a. He has a good conduct

b. Can you record everything he is telling you
c. He was given a report
d. I am going to present my work today
e. He decided to absent himself from school today
f. You should interest them foe you to win
g. When you break the law it’s called an outlaw
h. She regarded Sudan as her base
i. John has intimate friends
j. Can you project your work
k. I think this is an exploit because I do not know the one tweeting me
l. Maria collected all the refuse from the kitchen
m. The heart contracts about 70 times a minute
n. He was given a work permit
o. The residents objected their ideas
p. The American team lodged an official protest
q. Pubs frequented by drunkards
r. That is a good approach she used to convince them
s. We had a narrow escape
t. Review your work before submitting to the teacher
THE SEA PEOPLE

COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. What is the difference between the two islands in the sea?
 The difference between the two Islands is that one is bigger than the other
2. By giving general overview, summarize the above passage in one sentence.
 The sea people who lived in greater and lesser island
3. List down the use of sea shells as stated in the passage
 Making necklaces
 The shells served as money
 Used in house decoration
4. Explain the occupation of the people in the greater island and the lesser island
 The occupation of the people in greater Island was trading while the
lesser Island was farming
5. What are the characteristics of the people in the greater island and the lesser
island?
 The people in the greater Island were tall some rich and some poor some
servants and some masters while on the lesser island, there were small
people but none were masters and also none were servants.
6. Who are referred to us the big people in the passage?
 The big people are the reach people from the greater island
7. How did the people in the greater Island destroy the environment?
 The people in the greater island destroyed the environment by collecting
stone, wood and earth for building the embankments
8. Give two character traits of the king in this story
 Destructive
 A leader
9. Explain the turn of events in the story
 The turns of events comes where the little people could see that their
Island was getting smaller every day, but they did not know what to do
and at that time the old blind man had no advice to offer
10. In what way do the events in this passage resemble what happened during the
colonization of Africa?
 Like the people in the lesser island who lived in their island freely from
worries while the others in the greater island struggled in collecting
rubble and earth from lesser island for development.
PROBLEMS CAUSED BY MODERN PACKAGING

Activity 3
1. List down the advantages of modern packaging
 Colorful wrappings do make goods look attractive
 Stimulate a healthy demand leads to increased competition between
manufactures and retaining of workers in the companies
 Helps to make house wife’s task easier
2. In no more than 100 words, summarize the problems caused by modern
packaging
 Non returnable wrapping imposes serious financial stains on those
whose responsibilities is to collect and dispose of our rubbish and also
the smoke from incinerators causes pollution to the atmosphere
 Packaging too inform of litter spoils the environment that we all share
in town, in the countryside or on the beach
3. Find a quotation in the passage that clearly conveys the author’s attitude to
modern forms of packaging and list them down.
 Some unscrupulous manufactures many try to deceive her by
increasing the size of a carton whilst reducing the quantity of its
contain less fluids
4. In two sentences, describe the author’s attitude towards modern packaging
 Modern packaging makes people attracted to hems which sometimes
becomes bulky as the buyer checks out
 Modern packaging makes the items packed be more expensive
5. Identify three opinions and three factual statements from the passage and
write them down
Opinions
 Two journeys to the shops will be necessary instead of the one she
made in the days when packaging was less elaborated.
 Colorful wrappings do make goods look attractive and provide
variety.
Factual
 Uniformity in the size of packets also leads to quicker transportation
and more efficient display and storage of goods
 The higher and carefully cost of wrapping goods is reflected in their
higher prices.
6. Find evidence in the passage that suggests the language of packaging is more
oriented towards opinion rather than fact.
 The mere suggestion on a packet that we shall be fitter more, more
loved, richer or happier if we buy the products will love us to spend
more than we can afford
7. From our own experience and knowledge, suggest three reasons why
environmentalists would be unhappy about the common trends in modern
packaging.
 Packaging uses a lot of resources like energy, water, chemicals,
petroleum, minerals, wood and fibers to produce.
 Manufactures of packaging materials generates air emissions
including greenhouse gases heavy materials and waste into water
sources
 Packaging in form of litter spoils the environment because some do
not decomposes.
C. VOCABULARY
a. Non-returnable -Something that is not eligible or acceptable for return

b. Clamoring - shout loudly and insistently
c. Flavor - the distinctive taste of a food or a drink
d. Litter - to spread across on area or place untidy with bottles or papers etc
e. Tinfoil - is a tin or a log of tin and lead inform of a tin sheet, used as wrapping for
food or drugs
f. Impose - force a welcoming decision on someone
g. Lure - something that tempts a person to do something
h. Incinerators - apparatus for burning waste materials at high temperatures until it
is reduced to ash Wrappings - paper or soft materials used to cover or enclose
something.
i. Retain - continue to have or posses something
j. Strains - to make unusually great efforts
UNIT 18: ALLERGIES
Comprehension
1. Briefly explain what allergies are?

 Allergies are conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune
system to substances in the environment.
2. Are allergies diseases? Explain your answer according to the passage
 Allergies are not diseases but an adverse reaction to a foreign
substance called an allergen which produces no ill effects in most
other people.
3. Make notes in a paragraph comparing allergies and another two
diseases mentioned in the passage.
 Red eyes, sneezing, an itchy rush, a runny nose, swelling or breath
are some of the symptoms of exposure to allergy substance.
 Conditions such as food intolerance and food poisoning are
separate from allergies.
4. What are the treatments for allergies?
 There are three ways in which allergies are treated, they are
avoidance, desensitization and drug therapy.
5. State the major causes of allergy
 Pollen, metals, insect sting, and medications like penicillin.
6. Which type of food do people get allergic to?
 The food that people are allergic to is milk or fish.
7. Which three ways can allergies be treated and which one is the best
way?
 The three ways of treatment are avoidance, desensitization and
drug therapy but the best are drugs like epinephrine – adrenalin
and steroids.
8. Describe how histamine is released from the body
 Histamine is released from the body by injecting a special
blocking antibody that reacts with allergen.
9. We have molecules that are allergy reactive. Give another name for
molecules according to the passage.
 Another name for molecule is antibody
10. What is the role of histamine in the body
 To prevent the allergen from combining with the igE antibody so
that little or no histamine is released.
C. VOCABULARY
Explain the meaning of the following words and phrases as used in the
passage on allergies
a. Hypersensitivity
 Refers to undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune
system
b. Immune system
 Is made up of special organs cells and chemicals that tight
infection
c. Hay fever
 An allergic response causing itchy, watery eyes, sneezing and
other similar symptoms
d. Atopic dermatitis
 Also known as eczema, this is a condition that makes your skin
read and itchy.
e. Allergic asthma
 Is an allergic condition caused by allergic reaction.
f. A runny nose
 Excess drainage ranging from a clean fluid to thick mucus from
the nose and nasal passages.
g. Desensitization
 Treatment or process that diminishes emotional responsiveness
to a negative, aversive stimuli
h. Antibody
 A protection protein produced by the immune system in response
to the presence of a foreign substance
i. Trillionth of a grain
 A lot of grains
j. Drowsiness
 A feeling of being sleepy and lethargic sleepiness
k. Unpleasant
 Not enjoyable or pleasant
l. Cure
 Relieve of the symptoms of a disease or condition
m. Depression
 Mood disorder
n. Blurred vision
 A lack of sharpness of vision resulting in the ability to see fine
detail
o. Mast cells
 A resident cell of connective tissue that contains many granules
rich in histamine and heparin
p. Pollen
 A fine powdery substance, consisting of microscopic grains
discharged from the male part of a flower or from a male cone.
Courtesy of Alfajr institute of language under the supervision of Alfajr High
school wishes to really appreciate for having this chance to analyze this book
through the professional lecturer Mr. Mark Kapolon Asangai.
We are very much sure that this book will really help both teachers and
students. Students are asked to use this book after completing the syllabus
unless otherwise. Thus if a student is trying to make their own exercise and
need to confirm the answer, then they are allowed to use this book.
Through this book students are asked to work hard and not to be reluctant
because the book has provided answers to all units. Teachers also are asked to
guide the students and provide them with quality materials.
Once more we also appreciate the management of zamzam foundation and

Alfajri High school.
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This book shall be all over you can download free form four English Somalia
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LEARN ENGLISH WITH MARK KAPOLON

ONLINE CLASSES kapolonmark@gmail.come

UNIT 1: NEVER FORGET……………………………………………………………………………………………01

UNIT 2: ORAL PRESENTATION………………………………………………………………………….…..…05

UNIT: A COLLOSAL HOUSE……………………………………………………………………………………….08

UNIT5: THE LION WITH THE THORN IN HIS PAW………………………………………………….…16

UNIT6: ORAL LITERATURE……………………………………………………………………………………...19

UNIT7: THE FATHER AND HIS SON…………………………………………………………………………..23

UNIT8: EDIBLE SODA……………………………………………………………………………………………….26

UNIT9: THE MOTHERLESS GIRL! ..................................................................................................30

UNIT10: SOCIETIES IN THE PAST……………………………………………………………………………..34

UNIT11: NATURE CONSERVATION…………………………………………………………………………...39

UNIT12: THE KILLER PLASTIC…………………………………………………………………………………41

UNIT13: CULTURE SHOCK……………………………………………………………………………………….44

UNIT14: FIELD WORK……………………………………………………………………………………………...51

UNIT15: NEGOTIATION SKILLS ………………………………………………………………………………53

UNIT16: OUR LIFE TODAY……………………………………………………………….…………………….…55

UNIT17: PROBLEMS CAUSED BY MODERN PACKAGING …………………………………………..58

UNIT18: ALLERGIES ………………………………………………………………………………………………..61

UNIT 1: NEVER FORGET!

1. Where was the righter discharged from and why?

a) He was discharged from the city referral hospital

b) Because he was relieved

2. What was the writer’s occupation before he fell sick?

 The writer worked as a civil servant

 The writer was relieved of his duty by the superintendent personnel

 He went into utter obscurity with no last minute farewell or respect

 It implies a result of his past mistakes

2. To get rid of impurities by or as if by washing –Cleansing

3. In the end –Ultimately

4. One paid under given conditions to a person following retirement from

5. looked-forward or expected –Downcast

6. Perquisite or tip – gratuities

7. having a right to certain benefits –entitled

8. Planned or carried out with great care – cured

9. To tread on forcibly and repeatedly –elaborate

10. Long strenuous fatiguing labor –perplexed

11. full of difficulty –toiled

13. To hold dear –sympathetic

14. A person that makes malicious attacks especially against an opponent –

15. Appropriate –duly

16. Kindly or pleased appreciation –cherish

17. To force to an act or choice –coerce

18. To release from an obligation –self-redemption

1. We need to male our network more securely against attacks by hackers

1. The source of happiness according to the author

 According to me the writer means we should not depend on only one

a) product – resulting from

b) Confidence – believing in or having faith in

c) Contentment – being satisfied

d) Encompasses – involves, or caused by

f) Thrives – coming out, developing from

g) Realism – the truth of fact about something

h) Commerce – business dealings

i) Careers – someone’s occupation

j) Leap – going higher

k) Annals – record of events

m) Fabric – structure of something, or material that makes something

p) Paradoxically – on the contrary

q) Felicity – a feeling of intense happiness.