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    Photosynthesis

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    Nimesh Bariya

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Photosynthesis

    Uploaded by

    Nimesh Bariya
    4 views2 pages

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    photosynthesis

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    4 views2 pages

    Photosynthesis

    Uploaded by

    Nimesh Bariya

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Photosynthesis Overview

    Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light
    energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This process is crucial
    for life on Earth as it provides the primary energy source for all ecosystems.

    Key Components
    ● Chlorophyll: The green pigment in plants that captures light energy.
    ● Thylakoids: Membrane-bound structures within chloroplasts where the light-dependent
    reactions take place.
    ● Stroma: The fluid-filled space surrounding the thylakoids, where the light-independent
    reactions (Calvin cycle) occur.

    The Photosynthesis Equation


    The general equation for photosynthesis can be represented as:

    6CO_2 + 6H_2O + light \ energy \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2

    Two Main Stages


    1. Light-Dependent Reactions
    ○ Occur in the thylakoid membranes.
    ○ Use light energy to produce ATP and NADPH.
    ○ Water is split (photolysis), releasing oxygen as a byproduct.
    2. Calvin Cycle (Light-Independent Reactions)
    ○ Occur in the stroma.
    ○ Use ATP and NADPH to convert CO₂ into glucose.
    ○ Does not require light directly but depends on the products of the light-dependent
    reactions.

    Factors Affecting Photosynthesis


    ● Light Intensity: Higher light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis to a point.
    ● Carbon Dioxide Concentration: Higher CO₂ levels can enhance the rate up to a
    certain limit.
    ● Temperature: There is an optimal temperature range for enzyme activity within the
    process.
    ● Water Availability: Essential for the photolysis step and overall plant health.

    Importance of Photosynthesis
    ● Produces oxygen necessary for aerobic organisms.
    ● Forms the basis of the food chain.
    ● Removes CO₂ from the atmosphere, helping to regulate Earth’s climate.

    Applications and Research


    ● Understanding photosynthesis can lead to advances in crop yield.
    ● Artificial photosynthesis is being researched as a means of sustainable energy
    production.

    This reviewer covers the basics of photosynthesis. If you need more detailed explanations or
    specific topics within photosynthesis, feel free to ask!

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