Frequency Distribution

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
The frequency distribution is a list of data values (can be individual values or data
values that have been grouped) accompanied by the appropriate frequency values.
Frequency distribution terms:
1. Classes (classes) are groups of data values or variables from random data.
2. Class limits are values that limit one class to another. The class limit is the limit
of all of each class, because between one class and another there is still a hole
where certain numbers are placed. There are two class limits for sorted data,
namely: lower class limits and upper class limits.
3. The class edge is also called the class boundary, which is the class boundary
that does not have a hole for a certain number between one class and another.
There are two class edges that differ in their understanding of the data, namely:
the lower edge of the class and the upper edge of the class.
4. The midpoint of a class or class mark is a number or data value that is precisely
located in the middle of a class. The midpoint of a class is a value that
represents its class in the data. Class midpoint = (upper limit + lower limit)
class.
5. Class interval is the interval that separates one class from another class.
6. Class interval length or class area is the distance between the top edge of the
class and the bottom edge of the class.
7. Class frequency is the number of data that belongs to a certain class of random
data.
Single Frequency Distribution

Single data is often expressed in the form of a list of numbers, but sometimes
it is expressed in the form of a frequency distribution table. A single frequency
distribution table is a way to organize relatively little data.
Example:
The following data are known:
5, 4, 6, 7, 8, 8, 6, 4, 8, 6, 4, 6, 6, 7, 5, 5, 3, 4, 6, 6, 8, 7, 8, 7, 5, 4, 9, 10, 5, 6, 7, 6, 4,
5, 7, 7, 4, 8, 7, 6
From the data above, it does not appear that there is a certain pattern, so for easy
analysis, the data is presented in a table as below.
Score tally frequency

3 l 1
4 llll ll 7
5 llll l 6
6 llll llll 10
7 llll lll 8
8 llll l 6
9 l 1
10 l 1
The list above is often referred to as a frequency distribution and because the data
is single it is called a single frequency distribution.
Group Frequency Distribution

Group frequency distribution tables are commonly used to compile data that
has a large quantity by grouping them into class intervals of equal length. Take a
look at the sample data on the results of math assignments from 40 second semester
students below:
66 75 74 72 79 78 75 75 79 71 75 76 74 73 71 72 74 74 71 70
74 77 73 73 70 74 72 72 80 70 73 67 72 72 75 74 74 68 69 80
If the data above is made using a single frequency distribution table, the
solution will be very long. Therefore, a grouped frequency distribution table was
made with the following steps.
1) Grouping into class intervals of equal length, for example 65–67, 68–70, … ,
80–82. Data 66 falls into groups 65–67.
2) Make a tally, to determine which class a value belongs to.
3) Count the number of points in each class, then write down the number of points
in each class as the data frequency for that class. Write in the frequency column.
4) The three steps above are represented in the following table.
task result midpoint tally frequency

65 - 67 66 2
68 – 70 69 5
71 – 73 72 13
74 – 76 75 14
75 – 77 78 4
78 - 80 81 2
amount 40
Group Data Frequency Distribution Table

Group data frequency distribution table is one type of statistical table in
which the scatter or frequency distribution of numerical data is presented. The
numbers are grouped (in each unit there is a group of numbers). The steps for
making a frequency distribution table for group data are as follows:
1. Searching range (R) = spread/reach, with the formula:
R = Xt – Xr + 1
R=H–L+1
Information:
R = range
Xt (H) = highest value
Xr (L) = lowest value
2. Define class/group.
There are two ways to determine this class, namely by formula and
arbitrarily
With the fixed formula that Sturgess proposes:
K= 1 + 3,3 log N
Indiscriminately, namely by adding one more class, if there is still one value
(score) that has not been included in the distribution. It is also possible to
round up each result from the calculation of group/class determination.
3. Calculate the class width (class interval) which is symbolized by i and is
𝑹
formulated as follows: i =
𝑲
4. Determine the class limit (real lower limit and real upper limit) with the
following formula:
lower limit = lower end – 0,5
upper limit = upper end + 0,5
5. Determine the midpoint of the class (X1) in three ways as follows:
a) Class midpoint = 0,5 × (lower limit + upper limit)
b) midpoint of the class = 0,5 × (relative lower end + relative upper end)
c) The midpoint of the class =
6. Create a frequency distribution table based on the results of R, K, and

i. How to fill in the table:
a) In the class interval column, starting with the smallest number from the
raw data, then sorting to fourteen numbers according to the results of the
interval, and so on up to a certain class according to the results of K.
b) The raw data for each number is tabulated to determine the frequency.
c) Calculation of fk (cumulative frequency). This fk value is an
accumulation of frequency sum from bottom to top or vice versa,
frequency accumulation from top to bottom. This is done to ensure that
the number of frequencies corresponds to the number of N, as well as
for the sake of making an ogive graph.
d) Determine the midpoint (X1) of each data.
Cumulative Frequency Distribution
The cumulative frequency distribution is a distribution whose frequency value (f) is
obtained by adding up frequency by frequency. Cumulative frequency distribution
( f cum ) divided into two, namely the cumulative frequency distribution is less than
and the cumulative frequency distribution is more than.
Example:
The cumulative relative frequency distribution is less and more than
No Less than More than
Score fcum(%) Score fcum(%)
1 < 25 0 ≥ 25 100
2 < 34 9,2 ≥ 34 91
3 < 44 22 ≥ 44 78
4 < 54 38 ≥ 54 60
5 < 64 60 ≥ 64 38
6 < 74 78 ≥ 74 22
7 < 84 91 ≥ 84 9,2
8 ≤ 94 100 > 94 0

Frequency Distribution

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Frequency Distribution

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FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

Single Frequency Distribution

Score tally frequency

Group Frequency Distribution

task result midpoint tally frequency

Group Data Frequency Distribution Table

6. Create a frequency distribution table based on the results of R, K, and

Score fcum(%) Score fcum(%)

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