Cmre Da 2021 001

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANIZATION
CENTRE FOR MARITIME RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTATION
Data Series CMRE-DA-2021-001
Environmental and AIS data

collected during the EUMR TNA
projects: dataset description
Roberto Petroccia, Giovanni Zappa, Giampaolo Cimino,

Alberto Grati, João Alves
July 2021
About CMRE
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CMRE-DA-2021-001
Environmental and AIS data collected during

the EUMR TNA projects: dataset description
Roberto Petroccia, Giovanni Zappa, Giampaolo

Cimino, Alberto Grati, João Alves
This document, which describes work

performed under the H2020 Project
Marine robotics research infrastructure
network — EUMarineRobots (EUMR)
of the STO-CMRE Programme of
Work, has been approved by the
Director
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CMRE-DA-2021-001
Environmental and AIS data collected during the EUMR TNA

projects: dataset description
Authors: Roberto Petroccia, Giovanni Zappa, Giampaolo Cimino, Alberto Grati,

João Alves
Executive Summary: The NATO Science and Technology Organization (STO)

Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation (CMRE) participates in the
European Horizon 2020 project “Marine robotics research infrastructure
network - EUMarineRobots” (EUMR)1. The objective of the EUMR project is to
open up key national and regional marine robotics research infrastructures (RIs) to
all European researchers, from both academia and industry, ensuring their optimal
use and joint development to establish a world-class marine robotics integrated
infrastructure. Access to infrastructures and to the expertise and knowledge of EUMR
researchers and scientific teams is offered through series of Trans-national access
activities (TNA). CMRE contributes to the EUMR project in several ways, including
scientific and educational activities. Additionally, through TNA calls, CMRE has
offered the usage of the Littoral Ocean Observatory Network (LOON) to all interested
universities, research centres, and companies selected during the TNA calls. The LOON
is a permanent test bed deployed in the gulf of La Spezia, Italy that is equipped with
acoustic and environmental sensors to conduct innovative research in the domain of
underwater acoustic communications, networking and interoperability. The LOON
provides the unique capability of long-term (from hours to seasonal) measurement of
environmental data, acoustic performance and its relation with oceanographic and
meteorological parameters.
This report provides a description of the LOON system and details the environmental set
of sensors made available to EUMR TNA projects. A description of the dataset collected
during 28 days of TNA activates is reported, which include temperature measured across
the water column; sound velocity measured close to the surface and close to the
sea bottom; meteorological data at the surface (i.e., pressure, temperature, wind speed
and direction, humidity and rain). Additionally, the environmental dataset was
complemented with Automatic Identification System (AIS) data for the ships
transiting close to the LOON area. The whole dataset is composed of 130 files for a
total size of about 500 MB. This information can be used by the scientific community
to study the dynamics and evolution of the measurements collected in the LOON area.
1
Project supported by the European Commission Horizon 2020 programme, Grant Agreement no. 731103.
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Environmental data collected on the CMRE LOON tested during the EUMR project:
dataset description
Authors: Roberto Petroccia, Giovanni Zappa, Giampaolo Cimino, Alberto Grati, João Alves
Abstract: Today, there is a pressing need for a sustained, persistent,

and affordable presence in the oceans that will help us to understand and
monitor key issues such as climate change, pollution, shipping and security.
Equally important is the development of systems and technologies that will
allow us to explore and exploit the ocean in a sustainable manner. CMRE is
participating in EUMarineRobots (EUMR), an EU Horizon 2020 research
and innovation project, that aims to change the EU marine robotics
landscape by connecting isolated infrastructures and activities to allow
movement toward a well-developed world-class network. One of the
CMRE tasks in EUMR is offering access to the LOON test bed, thus allowing
researchers to conduct innovative research in the domain of underwater
acoustic communications, networking and interoperability. The LOON is a
permanent test bed deployed in the gulf of La Spezia, Italy. It offers access to
a wide range of acoustic and non-acoustic sensors enabling to measure
phenomena of interest over a long time window (from hours to seasonal).
This report provides a description of the LOON system and of the
dataset collected during several days of EUMR TNA activities. This
dataset can be used by the scientific community to study the dynamics and
evolution of the measurements collected by the LOON, thus leading to a
better understanding of the performance of underwater acoustic
communications in the area.
Keywords: LOON, H2020 EUMR, environmental dataset, temperature,

sound speed velocity, meteorological data, AIS
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Contents
Executive Summary ........................................................................................................... iii
Abstract .............................................................................................................................. vi
Contents ............................................................................................................................. vi
1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1
2 CMRE LOON test bed ........................................................................................... 4
3 EUMR TNA non-acoustic dataset collected on the LOON ................................... 8
3.1 Thermistor chain .................................................................................................... 8
3.2 Sound velocity profiler......................................................................................... 10
3.3 Weather station .................................................................................................... 11
3.4 AIS ....................................................................................................................... 12
3.4.1 RAW AIS data examples ..................................................................................... 14
3.5 EUMR TNA non-acoustic dataset ....................................................................... 15
3.5.1 Thermistor chain .................................................................................................. 17
3.5.2 Sound velocity profile .......................................................................................... 21
3.5.3 Weather station .................................................................................................... 24
4 Conclusions .......................................................................................................... 28
References ......................................................................................................................... 29
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Introduction
1
Our oceans are the least-explored region of planet Earth. Protection and sustainable
development of ocean resources presents formidable challenges. Robots will play
an increasingly key role in the near future and this role will expand and become
more challenging as we extend into deeper, remote and hostile marine
environments. Europe leads in many aspects of maritime, but lacks well-integrated
and coordinated oceanic robotic infrastructure or presence. The marine-robotics
industry is growing rapidly. It is a crucial high-value/high-cost sector with
considerable entry barriers to R&D. The full growth potential of this industry will
be greatly enhanced with access to shared robotic research infrastructure.
EUMarineRobots (EUMR) - https://www.eumarinerobots.eu - is a project

supported by the European Commission Horizon 2020 programme, Grant
Agreement no. 731103. It proposes an access-infrastructure for the deployment of
a full-range of aerial, surface and sub-surface marine robotic assets, the combined
value of which is far greater than the sum of their parts. EUMR will open
transnational access to significant national marine robotics R&D assets across
Europe. The EUMR consortium comprises 15 partners 2 from 10 countries who,
collectively, can deploy a comprehensive portfolio of marine robotic assets with
required associated support assets and expertise. The network is a strong and
balanced grouping of globally distinguished key players with diverse track records
of excellence across marine/robotic sectors. Partners are members of a wide variety
of existing networks, and research infrastructure collaborations both formal and
informal across Europe and the world. EUMR is a first stage in aggregating these
networks and assets for support and growth of a strong community of practice in
marine robotics and marine.
The aim of EUMR is to open up key national and regional marine robotics research
infrastructures to all European researchers, from both academia and industry,
2
The EUMR partners are: Universidade do Porto (PT), University of Bremen (DE), Associação do Instituto
Superior Técnico para a Investigação e Desenvolvimento (PT), Integrated Systems for the Marine
Environment (IT), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb (HR),
University of Girona (ES), University of Limerick (IE), Oceanic Platform of the Canary Islands (ES),
NATO STO Centre For Maritime Research and Experimentation (IT), Heriot-Watt University (UK),
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO), Marine Institute (IE), Distretto Ligure delle
Tecnologie Marine (IT), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Institut Français de Recherche
pour l'exploitation de la Mer (FR).
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ensuring their optimal use and joint development. Access to infrastructures and
expertise provided by the EUMR teams is offered through series of Trans-national
access activities (TNA).
Through TNA calls, CMRE has offered the usage of the LOON test bed to all
interested universities, research centres, and companies to conduct innovative
research in the domain of underwater acoustic communications, networking and
interoperability. The LOON is a permanent test bed deployed in the Gulf of La
Spezia, Italy (harbour area). It offers access to a wide range of acoustic and non-
acoustic sensors enabling to measure phenomena of interest over a long time
window (from hours to seasonal). In 2020 and during the second TNA call, CMRE
received eight projects proposals from EU and US institutions and companies for
using the LOON test bed. Six proposals were chosen by the EUMR TNA committee
and in the time period spanning from November 2020 to January 2021, 28 days of
experimentation were devoted to EUMR TNA activities.
For each of these days, acoustic, environmental and AIS data were collected and
made available to the TNA applicants. The sharing of the data was conducted within
the scope of the project objectives, following the prescriptions of the relevant
NATO data management and information policies 3 and according to the conditions
specified in pre-existing agreements.
This report focuses on the environmental and AIS datasets collected during the
EUMR TNA activities that can be shared with the public. This dataset consists of
temperature measured across the water column; sound velocity measured close to
the surface and close to the sea bottom; meteorological data at the surface (i.e.,
pressure, temperature, wind speed and direction, humidity and rain). For the AIS
data, the CMRE ground-based AIS receiver in Castellana, La Spezia (Italy) was
used. The Castellana station is able to collect AIS messages transmitted by the ships
transiting close to the LOON area. Overall, a dataset consisting of ~500MB and 130
files, including all the reported measurements, was collected.
This information can be used by the scientific community to study the dynamics
and evolution of the measurements collected by the LOON. This study can lead to
a better understanding of the performance of underwater acoustic communications
in the LOON area. Additionally, more data will be collected in June-July 2021 to
complete the execution of TNA projects making use of the CMRE LOON
infrastructure. The new dataset will expand what is provided by this report and will
be documented in future reports.
3
C-M(2007)0118 NATO Information Management Policy, C-M(2008)0113 Primary Directive on Information
Management, C-M(2015)0041-REV2 C3 policy Annex 13: Data Management Policy, C-M(2002)49 Security within the
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, AC/35-D/2002-REV4 Directive on the Security of Informatio, AC/35-D/1032
Guidelines on the Security of Information.
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To ensure maximum distribution, the collected data will be made available on the
EUMR project data repository - http://eumarines.ul.ie/ - and on Zenodo (link - Doi:
10.5281/zenodo.5034708).
This report is organised as follows. The CMRE LOON is described in Section 2.

Section 3 documents the non-acoustic dataset collected with the LOON for the
EUMR TNA projects. Finally, Section 4 concludes the report.
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CMRE LOON test bed

2
The CMRE LOON test bed is composed of four bottom-mounted tripods (M1, M2,
M3 and M4 in Figure 1), with distances between nodes ranging from ~200 to ~700
m (as displayed in Table 1). The tripods are fitted with different acoustic capabilities
based on the Woods Hole Micro-Modem, EvoLogics S2C 18/34 and arbitrary
waveform transmission and recording capability (above 6 kHz).
4
Figure 1: LOON: location and deployed assets.
M1 M2 M3 M4
M1 - ~660 m ~310 m ~480 m
M2 ~660 m - ~460 m ~280 m
M3 ~310 m ~460 m - ~200 m
M4 ~480 m ~280 m ~200 m -
Table 1: Distances between underwater tripods.
4
We acknowledge the usage of the Google earth software to prudence this Figure.
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A thermistor chain (measuring continuously the temperature in the water column

and the sound speed in two points in the column) and an ADCP (respectively TC
and ADCP in Figure 1) are also available as part of the test bed.
The Container Lab (C in Figure 1) aggregates all support hardware and is the point
of confluence for the underwater cables deployed in the Gulf. A weather station
with automated data acquisition of rain rate, wind speed and wind direction is
installed on the roof of the container lab and is also a part of the test bed.
The access to this wide range of acoustic and non-acoustic sensors enables the
unique capability of long-term (from hours to seasonal) measurement of acoustic
performance and its relation with oceanographic and meteorological parameters.
Information about the deployed assets is provided in Table 2:
ITEM DESCRIPTION OBS.
It hosts a weather station providing rain, wind speed and

C Container Lab
direction information
Thermistor Chain + 2
Marked with a float. The only element with a surface
TC Sound Velocity
expression
Sensors
Acoustic Doppler
ADCP Bottom-mounted on a small structure
Current Profiler
M1 Tripod M1 Bottom-mounted on a 1m tall tripod
M3 Tripod M3 Bottom-mounted on a 1m tall tripod (see also obs. Item C)
Table 2: Information on the deployed Assets.
Figure 2 shows a simplified diagram of the LOON components including the

tripods, non-acoustic sensors and support hardware installed in the container lab. In
its current configuration, real-time interaction is possible with M1-M4 nodes, the
thermistor chain (TC) and the sound velocity profilers (SVPs) and with the weather
station. The ADCP instead can only be accessed off-line.
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Figure 2. LOON: simplified layout diagram.
For the arbitrary waveform transmission and recording capability:

• The transmission is performed using Lubell LL916 underwater speakers
(http://www.lubell.com/LL916.html). The response of the Lubell can be
found in Figure 3. The source level at the transmitter can be adjusted with a
maximum of 184 dB re 1μPa @ 1m. This is adjusted before each
transmission and cannot be changed during the transmission. There is no
limitation on the duration of the signals to be transmitted. Each tripod is
equipped with a transmitter.
• The reception is performed using Ocean Sonics icListen Smart
Hydrophones (https://oceansonics.com/product-types/iclisten-smart-
hydrophones/). The icListen hydrophone installed on the LOON record in
the LOON’s acoustic band that starts at 6 kHz. M4 is currently the only
tripod not equipped with an icListen.
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Figure 3: Lubell LL916 frequency response.
All tripods are connected to the Container station that will control the execution of
the transmission/reception tasks and the collection of the environmental sensors.
All these tasks can be therefore synchronised to enable experiments where each
tripod and sensor is required to perform a task at a given time.
Although the LOON enables the transmission and reception of arbitrary acoustic
waveforms and experimentation in the domain of underwater acoustic
communications and networking, this report focuses only on the environmental and
AIS data collected during the EUMR TNA activities that can be release to the open
public. This dataset includes data from the thermistor chain, sound velocity
profilers, weather station and CMRE ground-based AIS receiver.
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EUMR TNA non-acoustic dataset collected on the LOON

3
This section describes the non-acoustic dataset collected during the EUMR TNA
activities using the CMRE LOON, sensors (i.e., thermistor chain, sound velocity
profilers and weather station) 5 and the CMRE ground-based AIS receiver.
3.1 Thermistor chain

The thermistor chain (TC in Figure 1 – AANDERAA Temperature Profile Recorder
TR7 [1]) measures the temperature profile of the water column. The depth of the
area where the CMRE tripods and sensors are deployed is about 11 m. The CMRE
configuration of the TC is composed of ten sensors with a spacing of 1 m, from 1
m below the sea surface to the sea bottom. The temperature data collected from the
sensors are streamed in real-time to the LOON Container Lab (C in Figure 1).
Figure 4 - Temperature data across the water column on Nov 12, 2020.Figure 4 and
Figure 5 show the water temperature profiles collected by the TC on 12 November
2020 and on 12 January 2021, respectively. We can clearly notice different values
and trends that are due to the different environmental conditions experienced in
November 2020 and January 2021. Measurement variations can also be noticed on
an hourly basis. The capability to easily monitor phenomena over short and long
periods of time using the CMRE LOON is a key enabler for a better understanding
of the dynamics occurring in the area and its effect on the performance of
underwater communication systems.
5
No ADCP data were collected during the EUMR TNA activities.
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Figure 4 - Temperature data across the water column on Nov 12, 2020.
Figure 5 - Temperature data across the water column on Jan 12, 2020.
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3.2 Sound velocity profiler

The sound velocity profiler (SVP) measures, as the name says, the speed of sound
in water. Two SVPs (AML Oceanographic - XCH-SV-STD [2]) are installed on the
thermistor chain (TC in Figure 1), the first close to the sea surface (at a depth of ~3
m) and the second one close to the sea bottom (at a depth of ~10.5 m). The SVP
data are streamed in real-time to the LOON Container Lab (C in Figure 1).
Figure 6 and Figure 7 display the data collected by the SVPs on 12 November 2020
and on 12 January 2021, respectively. Once again, we can see significant
differences in the measurements collected two months apart. Variations can be also
noticed across the day (i.e., daytime and night-time).
Figure 6 - Sound velocity in seawater at a depth of 3 m (left) and 10.5 m (right) on Nov 12, 2020.
Figure 7 - Sound velocity in seawater at a depth of 3 m (left) and 10.5 m (right) on Jan 12, 2020.
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3.3 Weather station

The weather station (WEATHERPAK-2000 [3]) is installed on top of the LOON
Container Lab (C in Figure 1) and measures: pressure, temperature, wind speed and
direction, humidity and rain rate). The weather station is connected to the control
workstation (located inside the LOON Container Lab), thus allowing to collect the
measurements in real time.
Figure 8 and Figure 9 display a subset of the data collected using the weather station
(i.e., temperature, pressure, wind speed and direction) on 12 November 2020 and
12 January 2021, respectively.
Figure 8 - Subset of weather station data on Nov 12, 2020. Temperature (top left), Pressure (top right), wind
direction (bottom left) and wind speed (bottom right).
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Figure 9 - Subset of weather station data on Jan 12, 2020. Temperature (top left), Pressure (top right), wind
direction (bottom left) and wind speed (bottom right).
3.4 AIS
The AIS is a status-reporting service used to broadcast identification and
localisation information to nearby vessels [4]. It is used as an automatic tracking
system to avoid collisions between vessels. AIS is mandatory for vessels above 300
tons and all passenger ships, and is electively deployed by many smaller vessels, as
established by the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Convention [5].
AIS transponders transmit on Very High Frequency (VHF) frequencies at 161.975

MHz and 162.025 MHz. Furthermore, there are two classes of transmitters: A
(minimum 12 Watts) and B (minimum 2 Watts). Each AIS transmitting ship will
report its position depending on factors such as the speed and manoeuvring status.
Class A transmitters transmit every 3 minutes and up to every 2 seconds. Class B
transmitters typically transmit every 30 seconds. For further reference, AIS is well
described in the literature [6]. The decoded AIS message elements are described in
Table 3 for kinematic messages and in Table 4 for static messages.
Table 3 - AIS kinematic data fields.
Field Description
Time Time in epoch seconds
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MMSI number Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) number. It is a unique ID

number for each ship
Latitude Decimal degrees in WGS84
Longitude Decimal degrees in WGS84
CourseOverGround Degrees True
TrueHeading Degrees True
SpeedOverGround Knots
RateOfTurn Degrees per second
PositionAccuracy 1 = less than 10 meters
0 = greater than 10 meters
NavigationalStatus A code from 0-15 to describe the activity of the originating vessel.
0=underway using engine, 1=at anchor. See [4] for other possible values.
AISMessageId The type of AIS message providing the data [4]
Table 4 - AIS static data fields.
Field Description
Time Time in epoch seconds
MMSI number Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) number. It is a unique ID
number for each ship
Name Reported name of the vessel
IMO International Maritime Organization number
CallSign The International Radio Callsign of the vessel
Width The calculated width of the vessel in meters
Length The calculated length of the vessel in meters
AntennaFromBow The reported distance from the AIS antenna to bow in meters
AntennaFromPort The reported distance from the AIS antenna to port in meters
ETAMonth Estimated time of arrival month
ETADay Estimated time of arrival day
ETAHour Estimated time of arrival hour
ETAMinute Estimated time of arrival minute
Draught Reported vessel draught (waterline to keel)
Destination Reported free-text destination of vessel
ShipTypeId Ship type from the NMEA 0183 standard [4]
CargoId Cargo type from the NMEA 0183 standard [4]
AISMessageId The type of AIS message providing the data [4]
The AIS data are collected using the CMRE ground-station AIS receiver that is
located in Castellana, La Spezia, Italy. Three days accumulated spatial coverage
of the AIS station is portrayed in Figure 10.
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Figure 10: 3 days accumulated coverage of CMRE AIS station on May 24th, 2021. Image courtesy of
marinnetraffic.com
Data is provided in raw NMEA 0183 format using VDM sentences. As time is not
present in the AIS messages, an UNIX 6 epoch time was appended at the end of each
sentence to store historical data. Examples of the time-stamped sentences are
reported below. To read the AIS data a variety of open source readers are available
(e.g. https://github.com/schwehr/libais). The appended time stamp must be parsed
with custom code.
3.4.1 RAW AIS data examples
The following is an example of a simple position message (type 3):

!AIVDM,1,1,,B,39N`0IhOhA0e47TI?1B=>kvD01uP,0*0F,1384473610
Example of a two-sentence position message (type 19):

!AIVDM,2,1,9,A,C5`3pV0000;@?e6CfkpSowg0WNk04bTT2V620000000,0*6E,1384473631
!AIVDM,2,2,9,A,0010D3320,0*58,1384473631
Example of a static message (type 24):

!AIVDM,2,1,4,A,54WO<J029MUh?HuGV20UHu9V0@5Lr22222222216>`Q,0*62,1384473610
6
Seconds since 01 January 1970 UTC
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!AIVDM,2,2,4,A,?775Q0?32ESlSSp8888888888880,2*7F,1384473610
3.5 EUMR TNA non-acoustic dataset

In 2020, as part of the second TNA call, six proposals (from research institutions
and companies in the EU and US) were chosen by the EUMR TNA committee to
use the CMRE LOON test bed. The six granted TNA projects are:
1) BLUE-INTEROP by WSense Ltd (UK)
2) CSI-ACQUA by NORCE (NO)
3) EvoLoon by EvoLogics (DE)
4) RASDAC by Rutgers University (US)
5) SAUWAN by ISEN Brest - Yncrea Ouest (FR)
6) TESEO by WSense Ltd (UK)
The main objective of all these projects was addressing the performance of
underwater acoustic communications and networking strategies. Environmental
data (from TC, SVPs, weather station) and AIS data were collected to complement
the acoustic data in evaluating and validating the performance of the investigated
solutions.
The execution of the six projects spans from August 2020 to July 2021. Table 5
reports the EUMR TNA experimental activities executed so far in terms of days per
month. For each of these days the environmental and AIS data were collected.
Table 5 - EUMR TNA activities: experimental days.
Year Month / Days # days

2020 November/ 12,19,20,23,24 5
2020 December/ 1,2,3,4,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 11
2021 January/ 12,13,15,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,27,28 12
All the environmental sensor data were converted to the network Common Data
Form (NetCDF) format. NetCDF is a file format for storing multidimensional
scientific data such as temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed, and direction.
NetCDF defines self-describing, machine-independent data formats that support the
creation, access, and sharing of array-oriented scientific data. The format is an open
standard. NetCDF was developed and is maintained at Unidata [7]. Unidata
provides data and software tools for use in geoscience education and research.
Unidata is part of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Community Programs (UCP) that is the main source for NetCDF software,
standards development, updates, and more. NetCDF Classic and 64-bit Offset
Format are an international standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium. NetCDF
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files were created in compliance with the NetCDF Climate and Forecast (CF)
Conventions [8], which enforce standard structure of the files with respect to the
spatial-temporal coverage. Moreover, CF establish standard vocabularies for
scientific variable names and unit of measure. The CF conventions generalize and
extend the COARDS conventions [9].
From November 2020 to January 2021, as reported in Table 5, 28 days of EUMR

TNA experimentation were conducted. For each day of data collection, four
NetCDF files were produced, one for the TC, one for each of the two SVPs and one
for the weather station. Similarly, a file containing the AIS data collected by the
CMRE ground-station AIS receiver in Castellana was produced for each day of
EUMR TNA experimentation. There was some issue with the SVP2 sensor that
stopped working on 14 December 2020. It was then fixed for the January data
collection; however, it stopped working again on January 24, 2021. This issue when
the solved during the periodic maintenance that occurred in February 2021.
Table 6 reports the number of files and average data size of the various files
generated for each sensor and for the AIS. The overall dataset size per measurement
and in total are also included.
Table 6 - Data size and number of files.
Data Avg filesize (MB) Dataset size (MB) Num files

TC 1 28 28
SVP1 1.9 57 28
SVP2 1.9 35 18
Weather station 0.1 2.1 28
AIS 14 385 28
Total 16.3 507.1 130
The filename convention for the NetCDF files is:
data-NATOCMRE-LOON-[Sensor]-[Processing-level]-YYYYMMDD.nc
where
Sensor=ThermistorChain,SVP1,SVP2,WeatherStation
and
Processing-level = L1 for the WeatherStation and L2 for TC and SVPs
The processing level is defined according to what is suggested by NASA's Ocean

Biology Processing Group (OBPG) [8]. This group supports the collection,
processing, calibration, validation, archive and distribution of ocean-related
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products since 1996. According to OBPG, data are organized in various ways
reflecting different spatial, temporal, and parameter groupings, using the following
convention:
Processing Level Description

Level 0 (L0) Level 0 data are unprocessed instrument/payload data at full resolution.
Any artefacts of the communication (e.g. synchronization frames,
communication headers) of these data from the spacecraft to the ground
station have been removed. These data are the most raw format available,
and are only provided for a few of the missions that we support.
Level 1 (L1) Level 1 data are reconstructed, unprocessed instrument data at full
resolution, time-referenced and annotated with ancillary information
including radiometric and geometric calibration coefficients and
georeferencing parameters (e.g. platform ephemeris data) computed and
appended but not applied to the Level 0 data. This is also defined as Level
1A. Level 1B data are Level 1A data that have had instrument/radiometric
calibrations applied.
Level 2 (L2) Level 2 data consist of derived geophysical variables at the same resolution
as the source Level 1 data.
Level 3 (L3) Level 3 data are derived geophysical variables that have been
aggregated/projected onto a well-defined spatial grid over a well-defined
time period.
Level 4 (L4) Level 4 data are model output or results from analyses of lower level data
(e.g., variables derived from multiple measurements).
The filename convention for the AIS files is:
data-NATOCMRE-AIS-CastellanaStation-YYYYMMDD.zip
In what follows, we report the list of metadata for the thermistor chain, sound
velocity profile, and weather station.
3.5.1 Thermistor chain

Example of data format and metadata for the thermistor chain collected on 19
November 2020.
netcdf data-NATOCMRE-LOON-ThermistorChain-L2-20201119{
dimensions:
sensor = 10 ;
time = 16416 ;
variables:
double latitude(sensor) ;
latitude:units = "degrees_north" ;
latitude:standard_name = "latitude" ;
latitude:long_name = "latitude" ;
- 17 -
CMRE-DA-2021-001
latitude:axis = "Y" ;
double longitude(sensor) ;
longitude:units = "degrees_east" ;
longitude:standard_name = "longitude" ;
longitude:long_name = "longitude" ;
longitude:axis = "X" ;
float depth(sensor) ;
depth:standard_name = "depth" ;
depth:units = "m" ;
depth:positive = "down" ;
depth:axis = "Z" ;
double time(time) ;
time:units = "seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00.0 00:00" ;
time:calendar = "gregorian" ;
time:long_name = "epoch time" ;
time:standard_name = "time" ;
float temperature(sensor, time) ;
temperature:standard_name = "sea_water_temperature" ;
temperature:units = "Celsius" ;
temperature:long_name = "Temperature" ;
// global attributes:
:language = "eng" ;
:encoding = "utf8" ;
:metadata_language = "eng" ;
:metadata_encoding = "UTF-8" ;
:metadata_poc_organizationname = "NATO CMRE" ;
:metadata_poc_position = "Data Manager" ;
:metadata_poc_address = "Viale San Bartolomeo 400" ;
:metadata_poc_postalcode = "19126" ;
:metadata_poc_city = "La Spezia" ;
:metadata_poc_country = "Italy" ;
:metadata_poc_email = " data.manager@cmre.nato.int"
; :metadata_classification = "PUBLIC RELEASE" ;
:metadata_classification_system = "NATO" ;
:classification = " PUBLIC RELEASE " ;
:classification_system = "NATO" ;
:release_statement = "Any release of Information developed as a result of the Project should be
clearly marked with the following statement: \'This work was made possible thanks to the EUMarineRobots
project, funded by the European Union\'s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant
agreement No 731103, and to the NATO Allied Command Transformation (ACT) Future Solutions Branch
under the Autonomous Security Network Programme. The data collection was performed by CMRE.\'
Reports and publications must appropriately acknowledge the specific contributing Participants (and/or their
contractors), for the use of specific equipment, data, software, results or any other Participant contribution.\'
The authors acknowledge the use of data provided by CMRE participating in the EUMarineRobots project,
funded by the European Union\'s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement
No 731103. The data collection was co-funded by the NATO Allied Command Transformation (ACT) Future
Solutions Branch under the Autonomous Security Network Programme \'" ;
:Conventions = "CF-1.7" ;
:creator_institution = "CMRE" ;
:creator_position = "Data Manager" ;
:creator_address = "Viale San Bartolomeo 400" ;
:creator_postalcode = "19126" ;
- 18 -
CMRE-DA-2021-001
:creator_city = "La Spezia" ;

:creator_country = "Italy" ;
:creator_email = "data.manager@cmre.nato.int" ;
:creator_url = "https://www.cmre.nato.int" ;
:custodian_institution = "CMRE" ;
:custodian_position = "Data Manager" ;
:custodian_address = "Viale San Bartolomeo 400" ;
:custodian_postalcode = "19126" ;
:custodian_city = "La Spezia" ;
:custodian_country = "Italy" ;
:custodian_email = "data.manager@cmre.nato.int" ;
:custodian_url = "https://www.cmre.nato.int" ;
:principal_investigator_institution = "CMRE" ;
:principal_investigator_position = "Principal Scientist" ;
:principal_investigator_address = "Viale San Bartolomeo 400" ;
:principal_investigator_postalcode = "19126" ;
:principal_investigator_city = "La Spezia" ;
:principal_investigator_country = "Italy" ;
:principal_investigator_email = "roberto.petroccia@cmre.nato.int" ;
:principal_investigator_url = "https://www.cmre.nato.int" ;
:principal_investigator_name = "Roberto Petroccia" ;
:owner_institution = "CMRE" ;
:owner_address = "Viale San Bartolomeo 400" ;
:owner_postalcode = "19126" ;
:owner_city = "La Spezia" ;
:owner_country = "Italy" ;
:owner_url = "https://www.cmre.nato.int" ;
:title = "LOON20 Thermistor Chain data Level1 2020-Nov-19" ;
:abstract = "NATO CMRE LOON20 Thermistor Chain deployment 2020-Nov-19" ;
:id = "data-NATOCMRE-LOON-ThermistorChain-L2-20201119" ;
:metadata_id = "metadata-NATOCMRE-LOON-ThermistorChain-L2-20201119" ;
:geospatial_lon_resolution = "1" ;
:geospatial_lon_units = "degree" ;
:geospatial_lat_resolution = "1" ;
:geospatial_lat_units = "degree" ;
:geospatial_vertical_resolution = "1.0" ;
:geospatial_vertical_units = "meter" ;
:spatial_representation_type = "vector" ;
:geospatial_information_type = "vector3D" ;
:representation_form = "digital" ;
:resource_type = "dataset" ;
:resource_type_name = "Dataset aggregation of one day of data" ;
:sea_trial = "LOON20" ;
:experiment_type = "Underwater Acoustic" ;
:topic_1 = "environment" ;
:topic_2 = "oceans" ;
:theme_1 = "PhysicsWater" ;
:processing_environment = "Processed with source code available at
http://gitlab.scinet.cmre.nato.int/giampaolo.cimino/envdataconversion" ;
:geospatial_lon_min = 9.85991666666667 ;
:geospatial_lon_max = 9.85991666666667 ;
:geospatial_lat_min = 44.0950333333333 ;
:geospatial_lat_max = 44.0950333333333 ;
- 19 -
CMRE-DA-2021-001
:geographic_identifier = "Ligurain Sea" ;

:geospatial_vertical_min = "0.5" ;
:geospatial_vertical_max = "10.05" ;
:geospatial_bounds_vertical_crs = "http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/5715" ;
:geospatial_bounds_crs = "http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326" ;
:deployment_depths_meter_planned = "0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, 8.5, 9.5" ;
:deployment_depths_meter_actual = "1.05, 2.05, 3.05, 4.05, 5.05, 6.05, 7.05, 8.05, 9.05, 10.05" ;
:deployment_depths_meter = "1.05, 2.05, 3.05, 4.05, 5.05, 6.05, 7.05, 8.05, 9.05, 10.05" ;
:water_depths_meter = "11.0" ;
:overall_data_catagory = "in-situ" ;
:data_delivery = "near real time" ;
:processing_level = "level 2" ;
:lineage = "Data acquired by NATO CMRE LOON20 thermistor chain deployment. The
thermistor chain is made of underwater canister containing acquisition electronics moored on sea bottom
with 50kg ballast, connected to a string of thermistors (manufacturer is AANDREAA) kept vertical by a pair
of spherical floats. A second signaling float is then connected to the surface. Raw hexadecimal values from
the instruments are converted to Celsius degrees using a 3rd order polynomial. The polynomial parameters
were estimated from calibration done the 2020-08-29 (see calibration_coefficient netcdf global attribute)." ;
:calibration_coefficient = "ETD/OB Calibration Facilities. AANDERAA THERMISTOR
STRING. File Name: coeff_2755_29-Aug-2020.txt. nCoefficients A B C D" ;
:calibration_coefficient_Th1 = "-5.953524E-001 3.627585E-002 -8.990032E-006 4.712771E-009"
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
:calibration_coefficient_Th10 = "-5.375060E-001 3.598731E-002 -8.580585E-006 4.507195E-
009" ;
:calibration_coefficient_Th11 = "-2.717488E-001 3.476181E-002 -6.488816E-006 3.386741E-
009" ;
:source_description = "Level 2 text files generated out of data acquired at the acquisition station." ;
:source_title = "LOON20 Thermistor Chain data Level 2 text files 2020-Nov-19" ;
:process_step_description = "Conversion in NetCDF from Level 2 data text files with CMRE
proprietary code located at http://gitlab.scinet.cmre.nato.int/giampaolo.cimino/envdataconversion " ;
:process_step_rationale = "Convert in open data format (NetCDF CF) for internal/external data
sharing" ;
:process_step_processor_orgname = "CMRE" ;
:instrument_id = "aanderaathermistor" ;
:instrument_id_namespace = "https://cmre.nato.int/instruments/thermistors/aanderaathermistor" ;
:instrument_description = "aanderaa thermistor" ;
:instrument_type = "thermistor" ;
- 20 -
CMRE-DA-2021-001
:platform_id = "LOON20TC1" ;
:platform_type = "Thermistor chain" ;
:platform_id_namespace = "https://cmre.nato.int/platforms/thermistor_chain/LOON20TC1" ;
:platform_description = "Vertical line of thermistors of 10 thermistors." ;
:history = "Data converted to NetCDF from post processed data" ;
:mission_status = "completed" ;
:time_period_identifier = "20201119" ;
:time_period_identifier_long = "2020-Nov-19" ;
:time_coverage_start = "2020-11-19T00:10:28+0000" ;
:time_coverage_end = "2020-11-20T00:14:23+0000" ;
:date_created = "2020-11-23T07:56:55+0000" ;
:date_issued = "2020-11-23T07:56:55+0000" ;
:maintenance_date = "2020-11-23T07:56:55+0000" ;
:process_step_date = "2020-11-23T07:56:55+0000" ;
}
3.5.2 Sound velocity profile
Example of data format and metadata for the SVP collected on the 27 January 2021.
netcdf data-NATOCMRE-LOON-SVP1-L1-20210127 {
dimensions:
time = 86344 ;
variables:
double latitude ;
double longitude ;
float depth(time) ;
depth:standard_name = "depth" ;
depth:units = "m" ;
depth:positive = "down" ;
depth:axis = "Z" ;
double time(time) ;
float sound_speed(time) ;
sound_speed:standard_name = "speed_of_sound_in_sea_water" ;
sound_speed:units = "m/s" ;
- 21 -
CMRE-DA-2021-001
:language = "eng" ;
:metadata_poc_email = "data.manager@cmre.nato.int" ;
:metadata_classification = "PUBLIC RELEASE" ;
- 22 -
CMRE-DA-2021-001

:metadata_update_frequency = "notPlanned" ;
:maintenance_frequency = "notPlanned" ;
:overall_data_category = "in-situ" ;
:cdm_data_type = "Trajectory" ;
:title = "LOON20 Sound Velocity Profiler (SVP1) Level 1 2021-Jan-27" ;
:abstract = "NATO CMRE LOON20 Sound Velocity Profiler 1 deployment 2021-Jan-27" ;
:id = "data-NATOCMRE-LOON-SVP1-L1-20210127" ;
:metadata_id = "metadata-NATOCMRE-LOON-SVP1-L1-20210127" ;
:geospatial_lon_resolution = "1.0" ;
:geospatial_lat_resolution = "1.0" ;
:geospatial_vertical_resolution = "0.1" ;
:topic_2 = "oceans" ;
:theme_1 = "PhysicsWater" ;
http://gitlab.scinet.cmre.nato.int/giampaolo.cimino/envdataconversion";
:lineage = "Raw data acquired by NATO CMRE LOON20 Sound Velocity Profiler 1 (SVP). Two
SVPs are deployed during this phase of LOON20: SVP1 around 3m depth and SVP2 around 10m depth.
Data acquired from serial port of SVP and written in text file with epoch UTC time stamps. Converted in
NetCDF-CF aggregating data on requested time period." ;
:source_description = "Level 0 text files generated from serial port at the acquisition station" ;
:source_title = "LOON20 Sound Velocity Profiler 1 (SVP) level 0 20210127" ;
:process_step_description = "Conversion in NetCDF from level 0 (raw data) text files with CMRE
proprietary code located at http://gitlab/giampaolo.cimino/envdataconversion. During conversion in netCDF
offset to depth added to fix missing instrument depth sensor reset at deplyment time: SVP1=-1.49m, SVP2=-
0.48m" ;
sharing" ;
- 23 -
CMRE-DA-2021-001
:instrument_id = "AMLmicroX" ;
:instrument_id_namespace = "https://cmre.nato.int/instruments/SVP/AMLmicroX" ;
:instrument_description = "Sound velocity profiler (SVP) AML Oceanographic microX" ;
:instrument_type = "SVP" ;
:platform_type = "svp" ;
:svp_id = "1" ;
:time_period_identifier_long = "2021-Jan-27" ;
:time_coverage_start = "2021-01-27T00:02:09Z" ;
:time_coverage_end = "2021-01-28T00:02:09Z" ;
:date_created = "2021-01-29T14:31:52Z" ;
:date_issued = "2021-01-29T14:31:52Z" ;
:date_modified = "2021-01-29T14:31:52Z" ;
:maintenance_date = "2021-01-29T14:31:52Z" ;
:process_step_date = "2021-01-29T14:31:52Z" ;
:geospatial_vertical_min = 1.53f ;
:geospatial_vertical_max = 1.92f ;
}
3.5.3 Weather station

Example of data format and metadata for the weather station collected on 19
November 2020.
netcdf data-NATOCMRE-LOON-WeatherStation-L1-20201119 {
dimensions:
time = 1440 ;
variables:
double latitude ;
double longitude ;
float altitude ;
altitude:standard_name = "altitude" ;
altitude:units = "m" ;
altitude:positive = "up" ;
altitude:axis = "Z" ;
double time(time) ;
- 24 -
CMRE-DA-2021-001
float temperature(time) ;
temperature:standard_name = "air_temperature" ;
temperature:units = "celsius" ;
float pressure(time) ;
pressure:standard_name = "air_pressure" ;
pressure:units = "millibar" ;
float winddirection(time) ;
winddirection:standard_name = "wind_from_direction" ;
winddirection:units = "degree" ;
winddirection:long_name = "Wind from direction in degree, 0 is north" ;
float windspeed(time) ;
windspeed:standard_name = "wind_speed" ;
windspeed:units = "m s-1" ;
float windspeedofgust(time) ;
windspeedofgust:standard_name = "wind_speed_of_gust" ;
windspeedofgust:units = "m s-1" ;
float rainfall(time) ;
rainfall:standard_name = "thickness_of_rainfall_amount" ;
rainfall:units = "mm" ;
rainfall:long_name = "Cumulative rain in millimetres from the midnight (data is zeroed at
23:59)" ;
:language = "eng" ;
:metadata_poc_email = "data.manager@cmre.nato.int" ;
:metadata_classification = "PUBLIC RELEASE" ;
- 25 -
CMRE-DA-2021-001

:title = "LOON20 Meteo Station data Level 1 2020-Nov-19" ;
:abstract = "NATO CMRE LOON20 Meteo Station 2020-Nov-19" ;
:id = "data-NATOCMRE-LOON-WeatherStation-L1-20201119" ;
:metadata_id = "metadata-NATOCMRE-LOON-WeatherStation-L1-20201119" ;
:geospatial_lon_resolution = "1" ;
:geospatial_lat_resolution = "1" ;
:geospatial_vertical_resolution = "1" ;
:topic_2 = "climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere" ;
:theme_1 = "WeatherPhenomena" ;
:theme_2 = "ClimateConditions" ;
http://gitlab.scinet.cmre.nato.int/giampaolo.cimino/envdataconversion";
- 26 -
CMRE-DA-2021-001
:geospatial_vertical_min = "5.4" ;
:geospatial_vertical_max = "5.4" ;
:lineage = "Data acquired by NATO CMRE LOON20 Meteo Station." ;
:source_description = "Level 1 text files generated data acquired at the acquisition station." ;
:source_title = "LOON20 Meteo station data Level 1 text files 2020-Nov-19" ;
:process_step_description = "Conversion in NetCDF from Level 1 data text files with CMRE
proprietary code located at http://gitlab.scinet.cmre.nato.int/giampaolo.cimino/envdataconversion " ;
sharing" ;
:platform_type = "CostalEnvironmentWeatherPack" ;
:platform_id_namespace =
"https://cmre.nato.int/platforms/meteostation/CostalEnvironmentWeatherPack" ;
:platform_description = "Costal Environment weather pack meteo station
(http://www.coastalenvironmental.com/downloads/WP-2000.manual.NW.pdf)" ;
:time_period_identifier_long = "2020-Nov-19" ;
:time_coverage_start = "2020-11-19T00:00:31+0000" ;
:time_coverage_end = "2020-11-19T23:59:31+0000" ;
:date_created = "2020-11-23T07:56:50+0000" ;
:date_issued = "2020-11-23T07:56:50+0000" ;
:maintenance_date = "2020-11-23T07:56:50+0000" ;
:process_step_date = "2020-11-23T07:56:50+0000" ;
}
- 27 -
CMRE-DA-2021-001
Conclusions
4
This data report describes the dataset collected by CMRE as part of the TNA
activities of the Horizon 2020 EUMR project. For these activities, the CMRE
LOON test bed was employed. The LOON is a permanent test bed deployed in the
gulf of La Spezia, Italy (harbour area). The LOON offers access to a wide range of
acoustic and non-acoustic sensors enabling to measure phenomena of interest over
a long time windows from hours to seasonal. Although the LOON enables the
transmission and reception of arbitrary acoustic waveforms and experimentation in
the domain of underwater acoustic communications and networking, this report
focuses only on the environmental and AIS data collected during the EUMR TNA
activities. The environmental dataset consists of temperature measured across the
water column; sound velocity measured close to the surface and close to the sea
bottom; meteorological data at the surface (i.e., pressure, temperature, wind speed
and direction, humidity and rain). This information can be used by the scientific
community to study the dynamics and evolution of the measurements collected by
the LOON. The data can also lead to a better understanding of the performance of
underwater acoustic communications in the LOON area.
The collected dataset is available on Zenodo (link - Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.5034708)

and on the EUMR data repository (http://eumarines.ul.ie/) to be used by EUMR
partners and the scientific community at large.
- 28 -
CMRE-DA-2021-001
References
[1] “AANDERAA,” www.aanderaa.com, [Online]. Available:

http://www.oceandata.co.kr/GroupWare/Home/product/brochure/aanderaa/TR7%20og%208.pdf.
[Accessed 25 05 2021].
[2] AML Oceanographic, 20 May 2021. [Online]. Available: https://amloceanographic.com/all-
instrumentation/oem-sensors-2/.
[3] “WEATHERPAK-2000,” COASTAL ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS, [Online]. Available:
www.coastalenvironmental.com. [Accessed 25 May 2021].
[4] National Marine Electronics Association, “NMEA 0183, Standard for Interfacing. Marine
Electronic Devices: Version 2.1,” NMEA National Office, October 15, 1995.
[5] Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Convention. Chapter V, Regulation 19.
[6] B. Tetreault, “Use of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) for maritime,” 2005.
[7] “Unidata - Data Services and Tool for Geoscience,” UCAN Community Programs, [Online].
Available: https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/. [Accessed 20 May 2021].
[8] “CF Convention Home Page,” [Online]. Available: https://cfconventions.org/. [Accessed 26 5
2021].
[9] “Conventions for the standardization of NetCDF files,” [Online]. Available:
https://ferret.pmel.noaa.gov/noaa_coop/coop_cdf_profile.html. [Accessed 21 5 2021].
[10] NASA's Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG), [Online]. Available:
https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/products/. [Accessed 25 05 2021].
- 29 -
Document Data Sheet
Security Classification Project No.
PUBLIC RELEASE EUMR
Document Serial No. Date of Issue Total Pages

CMRE-DA-2021-001 July 2021 35 pp.
Author(s)
Roberto Petroccia, Giovanni Zappa, Giampaolo Cimino, Alberto Grati, João Alves
Title
Environmental and AIS data collected during the EUMR TNA projects: dataset description
Abstract
Today, there is a pressing need for a sustained, persistent, and affordable presence in the oceans
that will help us to understand and monitor key issues such as climate change, pollution, shipping
and security. Equally important is the development of systems and technologies that will allow
us to explore and exploit the ocean in a sustainable manner. CMRE is participating in
EUMarineRobots (EUMR), an EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation project, that aims to
change the EU marine robotics landscape by connecting isolated infrastructures and activities to
allow movement toward a well-developed world-class network. One of the CMRE tasks in
EUMR is offering access to the LOON test bed, thus allowing researchers to conduct innovative
research in the domain of underwater acoustic communications, networking and interoperability.
The LOON is a permanent test bed deployed in the gulf of La Spezia, Italy. It offers access to a
wide range of acoustic and non-acoustic sensors enabling to measure phenomena of interest over
a long time window (from hours to seasonal). This report provides a description of the LOON
system and of the dataset collected during several days of EUMR TNA activities. This dataset
can be used by the scientific community to study the dynamics and evolution of the measurements
collected by the LOON, thus leading to a better understanding of the performance of underwater
acoustic communications in the area.
Keywords
LOON, H2020 EUMR, environmental dataset, temperature, sound speed velocity,
meteorological data, AIS
Issuing Organization
NATO Science and Technology Organization Tel: +39 0187 527 361
Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation Fax:+39 0187 527 700
Viale San Bartolomeo 400, 19126 La Spezia, Italy E-mail: library@cmre.nato.int
[From N. America:
STO CMRE
Unit 31318, Box 19, APO AE 09613-1318]

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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANIZATION

CENTRE FOR MARITIME RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTATION

Data Series CMRE-DA-2021-001

Environmental and AIS data

Roberto Petroccia, Giovanni Zappa, Giampaolo Cimino,

Environmental and AIS data collected during

Roberto Petroccia, Giovanni Zappa, Giampaolo

This document, which describes work

Intentionally blank page

Environmental and AIS data collected during the EUMR TNA

Authors: Roberto Petroccia, Giovanni Zappa, Giampaolo Cimino, Alberto Grati,

Executive Summary: The NATO Science and Technology Organization (STO)

Intentionally blank page

Abstract: Today, there is a pressing need for a sustained, persistent,

Keywords: LOON, H2020 EUMR, environmental dataset, temperature,

EUMarineRobots (EUMR) - https://www.eumarinerobots.eu - is a project

This report is organised as follows. The CMRE LOON is described in Section 2.

CMRE LOON test bed

Table 1: Distances between underwater tripods.

A thermistor chain (measuring continuously the temperature in the water column

Information about the deployed assets is provided in Table 2:

ITEM DESCRIPTION OBS.

It hosts a weather station providing rain, wind speed and

Figure 2 shows a simplified diagram of the LOON components including the

Figure 2. LOON: simplified layout diagram.

For the arbitrary waveform transmission and recording capability:

Figure 3: Lubell LL916 frequency response.

EUMR TNA non-acoustic dataset collected on the LOON

3.1 Thermistor chain

3.2 Sound velocity profiler

3.3 Weather station

AIS transponders transmit on Very High Frequency (VHF) frequencies at 161.975

Table 3 - AIS kinematic data fields.

MMSI number Maritime Mobile Service Identity (MMSI) number. It is a unique ID

Table 4 - AIS static data fields.

3.4.1 RAW AIS data examples

The following is an example of a simple position message (type 3):

Example of a two-sentence position message (type 19):

Example of a static message (type 24):

3.5 EUMR TNA non-acoustic dataset

Table 5 - EUMR TNA activities: experimental days.

Year Month / Days # days

From November 2020 to January 2021, as reported in Table 5, 28 days of EUMR

Data Avg filesize (MB) Dataset size (MB) Num files

The filename convention for the NetCDF files is:

Processing-level = L1 for the WeatherStation and L2 for TC and SVPs

The processing level is defined according to what is suggested by NASA's Ocean

Processing Level Description

The filename convention for the AIS files is:

3.5.1 Thermistor chain

:creator_city = "La Spezia" ;

:geographic_identifier = "Ligurain Sea" ;

3.5.2 Sound velocity profile

:owner_address = "Viale San Bartolomeo 400" ;

3.5.3 Weather station

:creator_address = "Viale San Bartolomeo 400" ;

The collected dataset is available on Zenodo (link - Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.5034708)

[1] “AANDERAA,” www.aanderaa.com, [Online]. Available:

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