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    ShortNotes-6. Aldehyde and Ketone - 22128886

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    Pranav
    This document discusses various chemical reactions involving carbonyl compounds. Key reactions covered include oxidation, reduction, addition, substitution, condensation, rearrangement, and protection/deprotection of carbonyl groups.

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    ShortNotes-6. Aldehyde and Ketone - 22128886

    Uploaded by

    Pranav
    7 views6 pages
    This document discusses various chemical reactions involving carbonyl compounds. Key reactions covered include oxidation, reduction, addition, substitution, condensation, rearrangement, and protection/deprotection of carbonyl groups.

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    ShortNotes-6. Aldehyde and Ketone_22128886

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    This document discusses various chemical reactions involving carbonyl compounds. Key reactions covered include oxidation, reduction, addition, substitution, condensation, rearrangement, and protection/deprotection of carbonyl groups.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views6 pages

    ShortNotes-6. Aldehyde and Ketone - 22128886

    Uploaded by

    Pranav
    This document discusses various chemical reactions involving carbonyl compounds. Key reactions covered include oxidation, reduction, addition, substitution, condensation, rearrangement, and protection/deprotection of carbonyl groups.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    CARBDNYL COM POUN DS

    R-coOH CACOH) R--R


    A

    Dy distillation of Carboxylie acid


    BaCoH), r Cad or Ba0 c n also be used.
    This n can be used to increase no. of carbons in a compound
    3ame product is obtained when calcium or barium sa ts of
    aTboxylic aid ae heated.
    e Calcium acetote c-e
    f 2 different acids are taken hen mulhple producs a e
    Possible.

    R--oR DI8ALH R-H R-o-H


    Ceste) CAldehyde)
    Di-Isobuty! Alumino Hy dhriche

    Generally Carboay lic aud derivahves are reduced to Alcohols.


    Hence thts n s important as it stops he reducHon at
    A1dehyde

    #l04 R-CEN SnCl


    HC
    R-H
    Cnttrile) aldehyde)
    Stephen reduchon
    Reduchon S stopped at Aldehyde.

    #I05. --ca H
    Pd-BasD4
    R-H

    Rosenmund Reducion
    HPd-Baso s knouon as Lindlarls Catalyst
    NaTO4

    Lemie Teagent
    rick OzonolysiS

    oH
    Me-CH. CH-Et HLO @, Me--H + Et-2-H
    PCOAc)
    Hzo =
    Per- Todic Aci d oxidat"
    PbCO Ac) = Lead Tetra- Acetate

    Only for vic-diols re. two OH groups must be present on


    djacent position.

    H08 Z-Hg
    HCA

    Clem menson reduction


    0ny for Aldehyde & Ketone
    This n takes place în Acidic Medium.
    Acid sensitive goups
    R-DH, R-OR, epoxide, C=c, cEc

    NH-NHa2
    KOH/A

    wolf-Kishner reducHon
    ony for Aldehyde & ketone
    Ran takes place în Basic medium
    Base sensiHve groups
    R-X & cyclic ether
    oH
    Mg-Hg me
    me
    Me Et Et Et
    CPinaco1
    Pinacol format *n
    Free-adical mechanism

    Et

    Me Me Me
    A
    Et
    CPin acol) CPin acolone)

    Pinacol- Pinacoloneearrangement
    C formaion. Mence Rearrangement can take place.
    MigTatory aptitude
    HPh3°> 2' >1° > Me

    2
    HCNHON
    (yanohydvin)
    Atack on carbonyl cavbon is possible from doth sides
    Hence, Racemic micture s obtained in case of chiral centre.
    N - Z

    13.
    NH,-2
    CH Et
    cn Et

    Addition of Ammonia devivative on Carbonyl compounds


    Nucieophilic - addiHon followed by elimina tion.
    Geometric al isomeriSm is
    possible.
    Name of Reagent Name of product

    R-NH - R (schiff's Base)


    (1-Omine)
    NH-OH =N-oH Coxime)
    (Hdroyl amine)
    NH-NH2 N - NH CHydrazone)
    (Hydrazine)
    NH-NH-Ph N-NH- Ph CPhenyl hydrqzone)
    CPhenyl hydrazine)
    +NH-NH-l-NH =N-NH--NH
    Csemi-Cabazide) Csemi -Carba zon e)

    tNH-NH- NO N-NHoNG
    NO NO
    ( 2,4- DNP or Brady's) C 2,4-Dinihrophenyl
    Cagent hydrazone

    2,4-DN.P. s used to detect presence ef Aldehyde & Ketone.


    NR

    R R
    C2-amine) Enamine)

    Ony fov 2-amin e


    MOTe stable alkene is he Mgor pct*

    9LsH,
    H d y HC
    2 H, Ni

    Mozingo reduction

    #116. Shrorg base


    R R
    L/Ni

    Mozingo step-up ran. No of carbons can be Increased


    uging ths ran
    A t least one H must be presernt Hence hts n can only
    be used for Aldehydes.

    H17. dit: OH
    Ph A Ph ph
    Aldol condensation
    Any aldehyde or Ketore having -H ydrogen gives Aldol.
    gives Cannizz avo & NOT Aldol.

    Carbanion (C) at - pasition 1s the intemediate.


    CHO
    #19. dil. oH
    A

    TntramoleculaY Aldol
    Only 5 or 6 membered fng can be formed.

    #19. Carbonyl? OH /A
    Retro Aldol
    Trick: Half-ozonolysis

    120
    h--H conco0H Ph +Ph-cH-oH
    A

    Cannizzaro x n
    Only for carbonyl compounds having No d-hydrogen
    Disproportionati on an.
    one mole cule ts Reduced to Alcohol
    one molecule is Oxidizedd +o Acd

    OH

    #ni OH
    dry HC -R
    Aldehyde or ketone can be protected using this meth od
    Hcohols can also be protected using Carbony) Compounds
    Aldehydes are More reacHve than Ketone.

    OH
    *
    R

    Carbonyl compounds ave vecovered using Hydrolysis.

    KMn O
    v23
    A

    >Oxidaton of ketones usi ng Popov's ule.


    Ocidative ozonolySts of More stable enol

    OH

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