Class 10 Chapter 1

Class 10 Chapter 1
Chemical Reactions and Equations

Session 2024 - 2025
Chemical Reaction: A process in which one or more substances (reactants) are converted to one or more
different substances (products) is called a chemical reaction.
Example: Iron reacts with oxygen and moisture to produce iron oxide (ferric oxide).
Chemical Equation: The symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and formulae is
called a chemical equation.
Example: 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) + 2H2O(l)  2Fe2O3
Reactants: The substances that undergo chemical change in the reaction are the reactants.
Products: The new substances that are formed during the reaction are called the products.
Write the chemical equations of the given reactions:

(1). Hydrogen + Oxygen  Water
H2 + O2  H2O (Skeletal equation - An equation that merely represents the symbols and formulae of the
chemicals involved in the reaction)
2H2 + O2  2H2O (Balanced equation - An equation where the numbers of atoms of elements on both sides
of the equation are equal.)
Why an equation needs to be balanced?
To follow the Law of conservation of mass  Mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
(2). Nitrogen + Hydrogen  Ammonia

N2 + 3H2  2NH3
(3). Iron + Water  Iron oxide + Hydrogen

3Fe + 4H2O  Fe3O4 + 4H2
(4). Methane + Oxygen  Carbon dioxide + water

CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O
(5). Potassium chlorate  Potassium chloride + Oxygen

2KClO3  2KCl + 3O2
How to make a chemical equation more informative?

By writing the physical states and reaction conditions like temperature, pressure, catalyst etc. example:
Writing the question is optional, you may / may not write the question
Page 6 BBQ 2. Write the balanced equation for the following chemical reactions.
(i) Hydrogen + Chlorine  Hydrogen chloride
(ii) Barium chloride + Aluminium sulphate  Barium sulphate + Aluminium chloride
(iii) Sodium + Water  Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen
Answer:
Page 6 BBQ 2.
(i) H2 + Cl2  2HCl
(ii) 3BaCl2(aq) + Al2(SO4)3(aq)  2AlCl3(aq) + 3BaSO4(s)
(iii) 2Na + 2H2O  2NaOH + H2
Page 6 BBQ 3. Write a balanced chemical equation with state symbols for the following reactions.
(i) Solutions of barium chloride and sodium sulphate in water react to give insoluble barium sulphate and the
solution of sodium chloride.
(ii) Sodium hydroxide solution (in water) reacts with hydrochloric acid solution (in water) to produce sodium
chloride solution and water.
Answer:
Page 6 BBQ 3.
(i) BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq)  BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
(ii) NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq)  NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
Exercise 5. Translate the following statements into chemical equations and then balance them.
(b) Hydrogen sulphide gas burns in air to give water and sulphur dioxide.
(d) Potassium metal reacts with water to give potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
Answer:
Exercise 5.
(b) 2H2S(g) + 3O2(g)  2H2O(l) + 2SO2(g)
(d) 2K(s) + 2H2O(l)  2KOH(aq) + H2(g)
Exercise 6. Balance the following chemical equations.

(a) HNO3 + Ca(OH)2  Ca(NO3)2 + H2O
(b) NaOH + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + H2O
(c) NaCl + AgNO3  AgCl + NaNO3
(d) BaCl2 + H2SO4  BaSO4 + HCl
Answer:
Exercise 6
(a) HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O
(b) 2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O
(c) NaCl + AgNO3 AgCl + NaNO3
(d) BaCl2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 + 2HCl
Exercise 7. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions.
(a) Calcium hydroxide + Carbon dioxide  Calcium carbonate + Water
(b) Zinc + Silver nitrate  Zinc nitrate + Silver
(c) Aluminium + Copper chloride  Aluminium chloride + Copper
(d) Barium chloride + Potassium sulphate  Barium sulphate + Potassium chloride
Answer:
Exercise 7
(a) Ca(OH)2 + CO2  CaCO3 + H2O
(b) Zn + 2AgNO3  Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(c) 2Al + 3CuCl2  2AlCl3 + 3Cu
(d) BaCl2 + K2SO4  BaSO4 + 2KCl
Any of the following observations helps us to determine whether a chemical reaction has taken place –
Change in state, Change in colour, Evolution of a gas, Change in temperature.
These are called indicators of a chemical reaction.
1. Combination Reaction (Type of reaction)
Definition: A reaction in which a single product is formed from two or more reactants is known as a
combination reaction.
(1) Mg(s) + O2(g)  MgO(s)
Observation: Magnesium ribbon burns with a dazzling white flame and changes into a white powder called
Magnesium oxide
Note: Magnesium ribbon is rubbed with sand paper before heating it because during storage, magnesium reacts
with oxygen to form a layer of magnesium oxide which will slow down the process. Rubbing with sand paper
helps to remove this oxide layer due to which burning speeds up.
(2) Burning of coal

C(s) + O2(g)  CO2(g)
(3) Formation of water from H2(g) and O2(g)

2H2(g) + O2(g)  2H2O(l)
(4) CaO(s) + H2O(l)  Ca(OH)2(aq) + Heat

Observation: Calcium oxide (Quick lime) reacts vigorously with water to produce Calcium hydroxide (slaked
lime) releasing a large amount of heat.
This is Combination reaction and Exothermic reaction also.
Definition: Reactions in which heat is released along with the formation of products are called exothermic
reactions.
Note: Slaked lime ie Ca(OH)2(aq) (which is a solution of calcium oxide ie CaO) is used for whitewashing walls.
Calcium hydroxide reacts slowly with the carbon dioxide in air to form a thin layer of calcium carbonate on the
walls. Calcium carbonate is formed after two to three days of whitewashing and gives a shiny finish to the walls.
The equation for this reaction is given below:
Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g)  CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)

The chemical formula for marble is also CaCO3.
Few more examples of exothermic reactions are as follows:
(1) Burning of natural gas

CH4(g) + 2O2 (g)  CO2 (g) + 2H2O (g)
(2) Respiration
C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(aq)  6CO2(aq) + 6H2O(l) + energy
(Glucose)
During digestion, food is broken down into simpler substances. For example carbohydrates. are broken down to
form glucose. This glucose combines with oxygen in the cells of our body and provides energy. This is called
respiration. Since energy is given out in this process, it is called exothermic reaction.
(3) The decomposition of vegetable matter into compost is also an example of an exothermic reaction.
2. Decomposition Reaction (Type of reaction)
Definition: A reaction during which a single reactant breaks down with the help of heat, light or electricity to give
simpler products is called decomposition reaction.
(1) When Ferrous sulphate crystals are heated, they loose water of crystallization first and then get decomposed.
Observation: Light green ferrous sulphate changes to brown ferric oxide and smell of burning sulphur because of
the gases sulphur dioxide and sulphur trioxide
Because heat is utilized in decomposition, it is called Thermal Decomposition reaction
(2) CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)

Calcium carbonate Calcium oxide Carbon dioxide
(Limestone) (Quick lime)
Because electric current is utilized in decomposition, it is called Electrolytic Decomposition reaction

Class 10 Chapter 1 - Chemistry HW

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Class 10 Chapter 1 - Chemistry HW

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Class 10 Chapter 1 - Chemistry HW

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chemical Reactions and Equations

Write the chemical equations of the given reactions:

Why an equation needs to be balanced?

(2). Nitrogen + Hydrogen  Ammonia

(3). Iron + Water  Iron oxide + Hydrogen

(4). Methane + Oxygen  Carbon dioxide + water

(5). Potassium chlorate  Potassium chloride + Oxygen

How to make a chemical equation more informative?

Exercise 6. Balance the following chemical equations.

1. Combination Reaction (Type of reaction)

(1) Mg(s) + O2(g)  MgO(s)

(2) Burning of coal

(3) Formation of water from H2(g) and O2(g)

(4) CaO(s) + H2O(l)  Ca(OH)2(aq) + Heat

This is Combination reaction and Exothermic reaction also.

Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g)  CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)

(1) Burning of natural gas

2. Decomposition Reaction (Type of reaction)

Because heat is utilized in decomposition, it is called Thermal Decomposition reaction

(2) CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)

Because electric current is utilized in decomposition, it is called Electrolytic Decomposition reaction

You might also like