ALX LESSON
0x08 Python -
More Classes
and Objects
python- Programming
TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 02
Overview Learning
topics Objectives
03 04
Quiz hands on lab
questions practice
01
OVERVIEW topics
Topics
What are the special __str__ and __repr__ methods
and how to use them
What is the difference between __str__ and __repr__
python What is a class attribute
Programming What is the difference between a object attribute
Topics and a class attribute
What is a static method
Slides On Telegram
https://t.me/alx_2023
python
Programming
Topics
Slides On Telegram
alx_2023ch
02
Learning Objectives
What is a class attribute
class MyClass:
class_attribute = "I am a class attribute"
def __init__(self, instance_attribute):
self.instance_attribute = instance_attribute
# Creating instances of the class
obj1 = MyClass("Instance 1")
obj2 = MyClass("Instance 2")
# Accessing the class attribute
print(MyClass.class_attribute) # Output: "I am a class attribute"
# Accessing instance attributes
print(obj1.instance_attribute) # Output: "Instance 1"
print(obj2.instance_attribute) # Output: "Instance 2"
What is the difference between a object attribute and a class attribute
class Car:
# Class attribute
fuel_type = "Gasoline"
def __init__(self, make, model):
# Object attributes
self.make = make
self.model = model
# Creating instances of the Car class
car1 = Car("Toyota", "Camry")
car2 = Car("Honda", "Civic")
# Accessing object attributes
print(f"Car 1: {car1.make} {car1.model}, runs on {car1.fuel_type}")
print(f"Car 2: {car2.make} {car2.model}, runs on {car2.fuel_type}")
# Modifying the class attribute
Car.fuel_type = "Electric"
# Accessing class attribute from instances
print(f"Car 1: {car1.make} {car1.model}, runs on {car1.fuel_type}")
print(f"Car 2: {car2.make} {car2.model}, runs on {car2.fuel_type}")
What is a static method
A static method is a method that belongs to a class rather than an instance of
the class. Unlike regular instance methods, static methods do not have access to
the instance's state (attributes) and do not modify it. They are defined within a
class but are not bound to the class or its instances.
Decorator: To define a static method, you use the @staticmethod decorator above
the method definition.
No access to instance-specific data: Static methods don't take the self parameter
as their first argument, which is a convention for instance methods. This means
they cannot access or modify instance attributes.
What is a static method
class MathUtils:
@staticmethod
def add(x, y):
return x + y
@staticmethod
def subtract(x, y):
return x - y
# Calling static methods without creating instances
result1 = MathUtils.add(5, 3)
result2 = MathUtils.subtract(10, 4)
print(f"Addition result: {result1}")
print(f"Subtraction result: {result2}")
What are the special __str__ and __repr__ methods and how to use them and
difference between them
__str__ (User-Friendly Representation):
Purpose: The primary purpose of __str__ is to provide a human-readable, user-
friendly representation of an object.
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
def __str__(self):
return f"{self.name}, {self.age} years old"
person = Person("Alice", 30)
print(str(person)) # Output: "Alice, 30 years old"
#or print(person.__str__())
What are the special __str__ and __repr__ methods and how to use them and
difference between them
__repr__ (Developer-Friendly Representation):
Purpose: The primary purpose of __repr__ is to provide an unambiguous,
developer-friendly representation of an object.
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
def __repr__(self):
return f"Person('{self.name}', {self.age})"
person = Person("Bob", 25)
print(repr(person)) # Output: "Person('Bob', 25)"
#or print(person.__repr__())
04
Hands on lab Practice
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