TEST 1

Phần 1:
Part 1. You will hear a group of art history students going out an art gallery with their
teacher. For questions 1-5, choose answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what
you hear
1. Burne-Jones believed that a painting
A. ought to be true to nature. must have a moral point
C. should play an instructive role in a modern industrial society
D. need not have practical value
2. It appears that the story of the King and the Beggar Maid was
A. a well-know Victorian taleB. popularized by a poet
C. brought to the artist’s attention by his wifeD. taken up by novelists at later stage
3. According to the students, how did the painter approach the work?
A. He wanted to portray the beggar realistically
B. He copied part of the painting from an Italian masterpiece
C. He had certain items in the painting made for him
D. He wanted to decorate the clothing with jewels
4. The student thinks that in someway the painting depicts
A. an uncharacteristically personal messageB. the grate sadness of the artist
C. the artist’s inability to return the girl’s love
D. the fulfillment of the artist’s hopes and dreams
5. What was people’s reaction to the painting?
A. They recognized Frances Graham as the model for the Beggar Maid
B. They realized how personal the painting was for the artist
C. They interpreted the painting without difficulty
D. They did not approve of the subject matter of the painting
Part 2. You will hear an interview with Cindy Talbot on the radio program, Young hero or
heroine of the week. For question 1-5, listen and answer the questions
1. How did Cindy react when she heard the thunder?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. How did Cindy regard her decision to take shelter from the storm?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. What were Rod and Mark doing when they saw Cindy?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. What was Rod and Mark’s initial reaction to Cindy’s story?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. What effect has the experience had on Cindy?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Part 3: You will hear an interview on a train with two friends, Jane and Chris, chefs who
both won prizes in the National Railway Chef of the Year competition. For the questions
below, decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F). Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes
1. Christ’s attitude to the competition was that the conditions were similar to his normal routine.
2. Both Chris and Jane feel that the unique thing about their job was the need to be focused on
the job.
3. Chris and Jane would like to have more freedom of choice about what they cook on board the
train.
4. Chris said that losing his concentration when cooking caused his worst disaster.
5. Reacting to Chris's suggestion for the future, Jane would be able to take part in that kind of
activity.
Part 4. Listen to the news about Reindeer and fill in the blanks of the news summary with
Polar bears aren't the only (1)______________ Arctic animal threatened by climate
change. Scientists believe reindeer are at risk as a warming world makes their main winter food
source disappear. But reindeer on one Alaskan island are surprising researchers.
Historically, the reindeer population on St. Paul island ate (2) _________, a small type of
plant or fungus that grows on rocks in areas with cold weather. However, climate change has
made it harder for lichen to grow on this island, and the reindeer ate the lichen faster than it
could grow back. Researchers thought that the reindeer population would starve without access
to lichen, but these reindeer have found another way to (3)_____________.
Reindeer are not (4)_______________ to Alaska, and they were introduced to
(5)________ areas around the state in the late 1800s, in order to provide an alternative food
source for residents of (6)__________ villages. In communities like St. Paul, where grocery
prices are (7)___________, residents depend on reindeer to feed their families. And to make it
through winter, the reindeer need something as well.
Fortunately, after the reindeer on this island depleted the lichen supply, they went
(8)_____________. They began digging and discovered new sources of food: roots and grass
shoots. Plants like these grow more quickly than lichen in the warmer, wetter conditions
introduced by climate change, and the reindeer’s ability to adapt to their new diet is a good sign
for the survival of the species. However, reindeer researchers are not so (9)___________. They
warn that global reindeer populations are still in danger, as climate change warms and alters their
(10)_______________, as are many other animals that depend on colder conditions to survive.
Adapted from “When Their Food Ran Out, These Reindeer Kept Digging”
Phần 2:Part 1:
A. PHRASAL VERB AND PREPOSITIONS
1. The love of life shone______the author’s book, giving me as much inspiration as I could ever
ask for.A. through B. over C. into D. upon
2. You shouldn’t take ________ more than you can handle, otherwise you’ll suffer from stress.
A. on B. over C. out D. away
3. He’s so stubborn and stupid. I just couldn’t get ________ him that he can never make money
from gambling. A. over B. out of C. across to D. out of
4. The success of our project hinges __ Mike’s ability persuade the locals to move to the renewal
quarter.A. in B. on C. about D. over
5. The government’s plans to reduce crime came __ for a lot of criticism from freedom groups.
A. across B. around C.in D. with
6. Before they open the new factory, a lot of the young people round here were _____ the dole.
A. on B. in C. over D. above
7. The two countries met at the conference to iron _______ their differences.
A. on B. Out C. over D. into
8. He tried to paper _______ the country’s deep-seated problems.
A. over B. with C. Into D. down
9. Linda chats so much; she could talk the hind leg _______ a donkey.
A. up to B. over C. off D. under
10. I’m going to put my head _______ for a while as I feel very tired.
A. down B. over C. up D. through
B. COLLOCATION AND IDIOMS (10PTS)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
1. I had to get through a lot of__________tape, but I finally got the documents I needed.
A. red B. blue C. link D. yellow
2. The hospital staff pulled out all the _______ to make sure the children had a wonderful day.
A. roadblocks B. barricades C. plugs D. stops
3. Neither side is prepared to _____ an inch in the negotiations.
A. stirB. budge C. push D. bend
4. Congressman Saunders fired the opening _______ during a heated debate on capital
punishment.A. salvo B. barrage C. cannonade D. burst
5. I like the way people here always queue up. Back home we just push and shove, and the devil
take the ________!A. outermost B. foremost C. hindmost D. utmost
6. The manager attached himself to the luncheon club and became a _______ fixture there.
A. perennial B. enduring C. stable D. permanent
7. I was so hungry, and that meal was absolutely delicious! It was just what the _______ ordered.
A. scientist B. doctor C. expert D. healer
8. Although the Government has increased allocations to the social sector by as much as 40 per
cent, State funding still falls ________ short of needs. A. well B. totally C. severely D.
abjectly
9. Last week’s violence was _______ condemned by foreign governments.
A. grimly B. roundly C. roughly D. bitingly
10. . Let me know of any pertinent developments, keep me in the ______.
A. sphere B. ring C. circle D. loop
Part 2: Read the passage below which contains 10 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and write the
corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes.

Russia election: Vladimir Putin wins by big margin

line 1 Vladimir Putin will lead Russia for other six years, after securing an expected
line 2 victory in Sunday's president election.
line 3 Mr Putin, who has ruled the country as neither president or prime minister since
line 4 1999, got more than 76% of the vote, official results shows. The main opposition
line 5 leader, Alexei Navalny, was barred from the race. Addressed a rally in Moscow,
line 6 Mr Putin said voters had "recognised the achievements of the last few years".
line 7 Speaking to reporters after the results announced, he laughed at a question about
line 8 running again in another six years. "What you are saying is a bit funny. Do you
line 8 think that I will stay here until I'm 100 years old? No!" he said. The scale of
line 10 victory - which had been widely predicted - appears to be a markedly increase in
line 11 his share of the vote from 2012, when he won 64%. Mr Putin's nearest competitor,
line 12 millionaire communist Pavel Grudinin, received about 12%. The race also
line 13 included Ksenia Sobchak, a formal reality TV host, and veteran nationalist
line 14 Vladimir Zhirinovsky - they got less than 2% and about 6% respectedly. Mr
line 15 Putin's campaign team said it was an "incredible victory". "The percentage that we
line 16 have just seen speaks for itself. It's a mandate which Putin needs for future
line 17 decisions, and he has a lot of them to do," a spokesman told Russia's Interfax.
(Adapted from http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-43452449)

Line Mistake Correction

Example 1 other another
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2.
3.
4.
5.
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7.
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9.
10.
Part 3: For questions 1 - 10, choose the correct answer to fill each space. Write your answers
Very few of us would admit putting much trust in horoscopes and the fact that the movements of
astronomical bodies _________ (1) to earthly occurrences affecting peoples' everyday lives.
We all know about the zodiac signs which reflect the position of the sun, the moon and the
planets at the moment of a man's birth and about the peculiar characteristics _________ (2) to
them by astrologers. We say we will take these phenomena with a pinch of salt while we keep
_________ (3) our eyes over them in every tabloid we lay our hands on. Most frequently, we
expect horoscopes to predict the future, to ___________ (4) our optimistic mood with a piece of
comforting information or to ___________ (5) our ego by confirming the superlative features
that we tend to attribute to our zodiacs.
However, there's no scientific evidence to ___________ (6) the assumption that human existence
is so closely __________ (7) with the parameters of the celestial bodies. Our curiosity in
horoscopes may, then, _________(8) our sheer fascination with the unexplained or the
unpredictable as well as in the enticing insight into the future that the horoscopes offer, thus
establishing the sense of our __________ (9) an extreme power over our own lives. An
additional explanation is that humans tend to have a soft ____________ (10) for any form of
flattery, which is the fact to which astrologers and the horoscope writers seem to attach the
greatest deal of weight.
1. A. rely B. correspond C. match D. compare
2. A. identified B. associated C. incorporated D. ascribed
3. A. running B. sending C. fixing D. putting
4. A. restore B. adjust C. upgrade D. reassure
5. A. boost B. escalate C. revitalize D. improve
6. A. conclude B. concede C. corroborate D. confound
7. A. fused B. adhered C. coalesced D. intertwined
8. A. stem B. crop C. rear D. dawn
9. A. disposing B. wielding C. effecting D. committing
10. A. pit B. dot C. spot D. nick
Part 4: For questions 1 - 10, fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable
word and write your answers in the corresponding boxes provided below the passage.
BICYCLE SAFETY
Having to obey rules and regulations when riding a bike is (0) __one__ of the first
experiences children have of the idea of obeying the law. However, a large number of children
are left to learn the rules by trial and (1) ______, instead of being guided by experienced (2)
_______. Every year, hundreds of children visit the doctor or the hospital casualty department
(3) ______ crashing on their bikes. This could be easily prevented by (4) _______ them the
basics of bicycle safety. Ideally, children should be allowed to ride only in safe places, such as
parks and cycle tracks. When this is not possible, and they are permitted to go on the (5) ______,
it is important to teach them some basic safety principles.
First, they ought to learn and obey the rules of the road, which (6) _______ traffic signs,
signals and road markings. Second, they should always wear a helmet. Studies have shown that
wearing bicycle helmets can (7) ______ head injuries by up to 85 per cent. In many places,
helmets are required by law, particularly (8) _______ children. Finally, children should be made
to understand (9) _______ importance of riding in areas that are brightly lit and of wearing
clothes that make (10) _______ clearly visible on the road.
Part 5. Read the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions. (12 pts)
 Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil War (1861-1865) a government
train carrying oxen traveling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a
snowstorm and had to be abandoned. The driver returned the next spring to see what had become
of his cargo. Instead of the skeletons he had expected to find, he saw his oxen, living, fat, and
healthy. How had they survived?
The answer lay in a resource that unknowing Americans lands trampled underfoot in their
haste to cross the "Great American Desert" to reach lands that sometimes proved barren. In the
eastern parts of the United States, the preferred grass for forage was a cultivated plant. It grew
well with enough rain, then when cut and stored it would cure and become nourishing hay for
winter feed. But in the dry grazing lands of the West that familiar bluejoint grass was often killed
by drought. To raise cattle out there seemed risky or even hopeless.
Who could imagine a fairy-tale grass that required no rain and somehow made it possible
for cattle to feed themselves all winter? But the surprising western wild grasses did just that.
They had wonderfully convenient features that made them superior to the cultivated eastern
grasses. Variously known as buffalo grass, grama grass, or mesquite grass, not only were they
immune to drought; but they were actually preserved by the lack of summer and autumn rains.
They were not juicy like the cultivated eastern grasses, but had short, hard stems. And they did
not need to be cured in a barn, but dried right where they grew on the ground. When they dried
in this way, they remained naturally sweet and nourishing through the winter. Cattle left
outdoors to fend for themselves thrived on this hay. And the cattle themselves helped plant the
fresh grass year after year for they trampled the natural seeds firmly into the soil to be watered
by the melting snows of winter and the occasional rains of spring. The dry summer air cured
them much as storing in a bam cured the cultivated grasses.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. A type of wild vegetation B. Western migration after Civil War
C. The raising of cattle D. The climate of the Western United States
2. What can be inferred by the phrase "Legend has it" in line I?·
A. Most history book include the story of the train.
B. The story of the train is similar to other ones from that time period.
C. The driver of the train invented the story.
D. The story of the train may not be completed factual.
3. The word "they" in line 4 refers to ….. .A. plains B. skeletons C. oxen D. Americans
4. What can be inferred about the "Great American Desert" mentioned in line 7?
A. Many had settled there by the 1860's.B. It was not originally assumed to be a fertile area.
C. It was a popular place to raise cattle before the Civil War. D. It was not discovered until the
late 1800's.
5. The word "barren" in line 7 is closed in meaning to …………… "
A. lonely B. uncomfortable C. infertile D. dangerous
6. The word "preferred" in line 8 is closed in meaning to ………….. .
A. favored B. available C. ordinary D. required
7. Which of the following can be inferred about the cultivated grass mentioned in the second
paragraph? A. Cattle raised in the Western United States refused to eat it.
B. It had to be imported into the United States.C. It would probably not grow in the western
United States.D. It was difficult for cattle to digest.
8. Which of the following was NOT one of the names given to the western grasses?
A. Mesquite grass B. Bluejoint grass C. Buffalo grass D. Grama grass
9. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a characteristic of western grasses?
A. They contain little moisture B. They have tough stems
C. They can be grown indoors D. They are not affected by dry weather
10. According to the passage, the cattle help promote the growth of the wild grass by ………"
A. eating only small quantities of grass.B. continually moving from one grazing area to another.
C. naturally fertilizing the soil.D. stepping on and pressing the seeds into the ground.
Part 6. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. (12 pts)
A After hours of driving south in the pitch-black darkness of the Nevada desert, a dome of hazy
gold suddenly appears on the horizon. Soon, a road sign confirms the obvious: Las Vegas 30
miles. Looking skyward, you notice that the Big Dipper is harder to find than it was an hour ago.
B Light pollution—the artificial light that illuminates more than its intended target area—has
become a problem of increasing concern across the country over the past 15 years. In the
suburbs, where over-lit shopping mall parking lots are the norm, only 200 of the Milky Way’s
2,500 stars are visible on a clear night. Even fewer can be seen from large cities. In almost every
town, big and small, street lights beam just as much light up and out as they do down,
illuminating much more than just the street. Almost 50 percent of the light emanating from street
lamps misses its intended target, and billboards, shopping centres, private homes and skyscrapers
are similarly over-illuminated.
C America has become so bright that in a satellite image of the United States at night, the outline
of the country is visible from its lights alone. The major cities are all there, in bright clusters:
New York, Boston, Miami, Houston, Los Angeles, Seattle, Chicago, and, of course, Las Vegas.
Mark Adams, superintendent of the McDonald Observatory in west Texas, says that the very fact
that city lights are visible from on high is proof of their wastefulness. “When you’re up in an
airplane, all that light you see on the ground from the city is wasted. It’s going up into the night
sky. That’s why you can see it.”
D But don’t we need all those lights to ensure our safety? The answer from light engineers, light
pollution control advocates and astronomers is an emphatic “no.” Elizabeth Alvarez of the
International Dark Sky Association (IDA), a non-profit organization in Tucson, Arizona, says
that overly bright security lights can actually force neighbours to close the shutters, which means
that if any criminal activity does occur on the street, no one will see it. And the old assumption
that bright lights deter crime appears to have been a false one: A new Department of Justice
report concludes that there is no documented correlation between the level of lighting and the
level of crime in an area. And contrary to popular belief, more crimes occur in broad daylight
than at night.
E For drivers, light can actually create a safety hazard. Glaring lights can temporarily blind
drivers, increasing the likelihood of an accident. To help prevent such accidents, some cities and
states prohibit the use of lights that impair night-time vision. For instance, New Hampshire law
forbids the use of “any light along a highway so positioned as to blind or dazzle the vision of
travellers on the adjacent highway.”
F Badly designed lighting can pose a threat to wildlife as well as people. Newly hatched turtles
in Florida move toward beach lights instead of the more muted silver shimmer of the ocean.
Migrating birds, confused by lights on skyscrapers, broadcast towers and lighthouses, are
injured, sometimes fatally, after colliding with high, lighted structures. And light pollution harms
air quality as well: Because most of the country’s power plants are still powered by fossil fuels,
more light means more air pollution.
G So what can be done? Tucson, Arizona is taking back the night. The city has one of the best
lighting ordinances in the country, and, not coincidentally, the highest concentration of
observatories in the world. Kitt Peak National Optical Astronomy Observatory has 24 telescopes
aimed skyward around the city’s perimeter, and its cadre of astronomers needs a dark sky to
work with.
H For a while, that darkness was threatened. “We were totally losing the night sky,” Jim
Singleton of Tucson’s Lighting Committee told Tulsa, Oklahoma’s KOTV last March. Now,
after retrofitting inefficient mercury lighting with low-sodium lights that block light from
“trespassing” into unwanted areas like bedroom windows, and by doing away with some
unnecessary lights altogether, the city is softly glowing rather than brightly beaming. The same
thing is happening in a handful of other states, including Texas, which just passed a light
pollution bill last summer. “Astronomers can get what they need at the same time that citizens
get what they need: safety, security and good visibility at night,” says McDonald Observatory’s
Mark Adams, who provided testimony at the hearings for the bill.
I And in the long run, everyone benefits from reduced energy costs. Wasted energy from
inefficient lighting costs us between $1 and $2 billion a year, according to IDA. The city of San
Diego, which installed new, high-efficiency street lights after passing a light pollution law in
1985, now saves about $3 million a year in energy costs.
J Legislation isn’t the only answer to light pollution problems. Brian Greer, Central Ohio
representative for the Ohio Light Pollution Advisory Council, says that education is just as
important, if not more so. “There are some special situations where regulation is the only fix,” he
says. “But the vast majority of bad lighting is simply the result of not knowing any better.”
Simple actions like replacing old bulbs and fixtures with more efficient and better-designed ones
can make a big difference in preserving the night sky.
Questions 1- 6
The first six paragraphs of the reading passage are lettered A-F.
Choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs A-F from the list of headings below.
NB There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use them all.
List of Headings
I .Why lights are needed 1. Paragraph A
ii. Lighting discourages law breakers 2. Paragraph B
iii. The environmental dangers 3. Paragraph C
iv. People at risk from bright lights 4. Paragraph D
v. Illuminating space 5. Paragraph E
vi. A problem lights do not solve 6. Paragraph F
vii. Seen from above
viii. More light than is necessary
ix. Approaching the city
Questions 7-10
Complete each of the following statements with words taken from the passage.
Write ONE or TWO WORDS for each answer.
7) According to a recent study, well-lit streets do not .................... or make neighbourhoods safer
to live in.
8) Inefficient lighting increases .................... because most electricity is produced from coal, gas
or oil.
9) Efficient lights .................... from going into areas where it is not needed.
10) In dealing with light pollution .................... is at least as important as passing new laws.
Part 7. You are going to read some reviews of art events. For questions 1 - 10, choose
from the reviews (A-F). The reviews may be chosen more than once.
In which review is the following mentioned?
Institutions could suffer because of a thoughtless act. 1
Many different styles offered by artists in Europe. 2
A substantial amount of time needed to complete one piece of work. 3
Land and sea treated very differently. 4
Paintings about other paintings. 5
Man's negative impact on the environment. 6
Finding ways to payoff debts. 7
 A primitive style of interior decoration. 8
Showing how something is set up for public viewing. 9
Fantasy images based on a real environment. 10
Reviews of art events
A Ben Cook and Phil Whiting
Landscape, such a dominant theme in Cornwall, has the chalk and cheese treatment from two
artists showing in Penzance this month. At Cornwall Contemporary Gallery Ben Cook " uses
abstract vocabulary to make almost entirely conceptual references. His use of found objects and
time spent surfing drew him to look at the processes involved in surfboard manufacture. Based
on these, his constructions and paintings combine areas of high resist, high speed, water
deflecting sheen with those tempered by wax to produce mottled, opaque, non-slip surfaces that
smack of stone and solidity. Phil Whiting is a painter. His vigorous use of materials - acrylics in
thick impasto inks, charcoal applied with a brush, knife and 'whatever' - recalls a terrain smarting
from the brute force of man's misuse of it. This is not the celebrated, picturesque Cornwall we
so often see but its dirty, rain-soaked underbelly, a landscape left bereft by voracious mining
and haphazard industrial development.
B Shanti Panchal
I It is almost thirty years since Shanti Panchal first came from India to study art in London,
where he has lived ever since. This retrospective at Chelmsford Museum elucidates his
distinctive, radical water-colourist's achievement. Growing lip in a Gujarati village, he decorated
local houses with Images of birds and animals. As a Bombay art student, cave paintings and
images from Jain temples inspired him, and as a student in Europe, he was drawn to medieval
icons. It is erroneous to say that his work is characterised by poignant nostalgia for India. The
paintings are not nostalgic. Rather they evoke with subtle clarity what it is like to be exiled and
dispossessed while at the same time rooted inalienably in
nature and the cosmos.
Every watercolour is multi-layered, giving a similar surface to Buddhist cave paintings. It can
take days in order to face Nhat is going to happen in a piece. Each picture takes weeks and
sometimes months. Recent pictures include portraits and even a homage to Frida Kahlo, a painter
I that Shanti respects immensely.
C Iwan Gwyn Parry
Ian Gwyn Parry's first solo exhibition at Martin Tinney Gallery in Cardiff is a significant event.
Until now the artist has shown mostly in North Wales. Now there is an opportunity to
experience, further south, a coherent and powerful assemblage of his latest work. It is clear the
show will be something special. For these remarkable landscapes and seascapes appear to have
emerged from deep within his psyche and are a highly imaginative response to a coastal terrain
familiar to the artist. There is a strong sense of mysticism, the painting suffused with ethereal
vapours and incandescent light; there are restless swathes of deep orange and yellow. The
seascapes are haunting and elemental while the landscapes are more reflective studies in grey,
black and white. His oil The Irish Sea, for example is on an awesome scale, its seething waters of
churning paint intensely lit by a low sun. Definitely a show not to be missed.
D Art auctions
Of the top three Modern British sales last month, it was Christie's who kicked off the,
proceedings, but not without controversy. Bury district council, in their wisdom, auctioned a
major painting by LS. Lowry so as to cover a £10 million shortfall in their finances. The £1.2
million hammer price, less expenses, will not make all that much difference but the
issue has raised the wrath of the Museums Association, who in future, could block lottery and
National Arts Collection Fund resources in all aspects of museum and gallery development. Bury
may well live to regret their foolhardy action as current and future donators will also not be
encouraged to gift works of art which could be sold on a whim. Bonhams followed ten days
later with a good but not exceptional sale of which a solid 70% was sold and totaled £2.3
million.
It was then Sotheby's turn to shine which they succeeded in doing, with 80% of lots sold and an
impressive total of £7.7 million, though some way behind their arch rival. Records were broken
for works by Sir Winston Churchill, former British Prime Minister.
E Andrew Grassie
Andrew Grassie's exhibition at Maureen Paley Gallery is aptly entitled 'Installation', since it
provides a look backstage at the rituals involved in hanging an exhibition before it officially
opens to the public. To achieve this, Grassie devised and followed a pre-determined strategy,
namely: "Install a series of paintings at the gallery depicting last year's previous exhibitions
during their installation. Each painting should hang at the very spot from which the image was
taken, enabling the viewer to compare views of the space." The result is five jewel-like paintings,
each one painstakingly copied from a mid-installation photograph taken by Grassie before the
opening of the previous year's shows. The paintings are executed with such detail that it is
difficult at times to uncover the illusion that these are photographs rather than paintings.
F Story
Alexia Goethe has selected fourteen artists, including six resident in the UK and four from
Leipzig, for her show 'Story'. She seeks to demonstrate that whatever technique is used -
painting, text, video, photograph or concept - and regardless of style, the artist is telling a story.
The tales being told made me come away feeling a sense of recovery. Tales of politics, war,
social unrest, personal tragedy, to name just a few, are depicted here. Jin Meng who now resides
in Europe, produces exquisitely framed views from the present onto China's past. Political
statues, glimpsed from a deserted bedroom, evoke the vast changes sweeping his birthplace. Jean
Tinguely's kinetic assemblages illustrate how the mechanical is subverted into the amusing and
the desirable. This is an eclectic mix of treasures that can't fail to shock, amuse and move
Part 8:
1.Where the real cause of the decline in the competition’s popularity lies is still debatable. (SPOT)
→ It is open ...................................................................................................
2. People who often talk too much about unimportant things do not appeal to me. (DONKEY)
→ I’m not in ............................................................................
3 It’s bad I failed to do my share of the job. (WEIGHT)
→ I would like ........................................................................................
4. That this celebrity keeps her own affairs away from public attention is of great importance. (PROFILE)
→ It is advisable that this .....................................................................................................
5. Looking back, I have a feeling that they gave the deceptive information about the case. (BOOKS)
→ In................................................................................................
6. I don't mind which make of car you choose.
It is of ………………………………………………………………… make of car you choose.
7. You should always be grateful for what you are given. horse
You should ………………………………………………….. the mouth.
8. He promised to look into my case personally. assurance
He ………………………………………............………….. look into my case personally.
9. The prisoner was unrepentant about the suffering he had caused. remorse
The prisoner ........................................................................... the suffering he had caused.
10. She‘s only happy when somebody does all her jobs for her. DANCES
She‘s only happy when .....................................................................
Part 9: Write an essay about 350 words regarding the topic:
The best way to solve the world's environmental problems is to increase the cost of fuel. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?

ANSWER KEYS
Phần 1:
Part 1. You will hear a group of art history students going out an art gallery with their teacher. For
questions 1-5, choose answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear
SOURCE: CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH PROFICIENCY MASTER CLASS FOR THE 2013 EXAM. PAGE 32
Your answers
1. D 2. B 3. C 4.B 5.C

TAPESCRIPT
Teacher Now, let’s move along the next gallery…whose turn is it to tell us about the next painting?
Amanda, is it you?
Amanda Yes, this is the one I’ve prepared
Teacher Good…now I’ve got one or two questions for Amanda to guide us through this painting,
so if you could all pay attention, we can get started…Brian…thank you. Now, as you can see it’s a
pre-Raphaelite painitng, so we’re talking 1880,1890…and what can you tell us about this-and other
pre-Raphaelite paitings for that matter-compared for what came before?
Amanda well, there was a very definitely a reactiona against some of the earlier concerns –
for example the pre-Raphaelites didn’t believe in the idea that it was important to be true to nature or
realistic… this is a good example – it’s by the painter Burne-Jones, completed in 1884, and it shows a
lot about his philosophy of paiting…
Teacher Ok. And what was it exactly?
Amanda Well in his own words,…is it ok if I use my notes?
Teacher Yes of course
Amanda He said that a painting should be’a beautiful romantic dream of something that never
was, never will be, in a land that no-one can define or remember, only desire’
Teacher So in other words the very opposite of realism – no practical lessons for modern
industrial societies or whatever
Amanda Yes, exactly, and this paiting is in many ways very typical of Burne-Jones – in fact
his wife later said it was his most distinctive work, the one that really summed up what he thought
Teacher OK tell us about the story it tells
Amanda It’s called King Cophetua and the Begga Maid, and it’s based on an old legend from
early medieval times about a king who falls in love with a beggar girl, and finds that his love for her
is grater than all his wealth and power
Teacher Was it a well-known story?
Amanda Yes – most people knew it well, but only through reading Tennyson’s poetry, in which
he wrote about it, rather than from the original story
Teacher So it’s another example of what we were talking about earlier – the link between the
romantic movement in literature and the movements in art … do go on
Amanda In the painting, the artist imagines the King sitting at the girl’s feet, gazing at her
adoration. Burne-Jones said he was determined that the King should look like a king and the beggar
should look like a Queen, and he had certain details such as the crown and the maid’s dress specially
made for him so that he could capture the detail. The setting has echoes of 15th century Itallian art,
particularly Mantegna and Crivelli, and it’s all elaborately decorated with highly wrought textures and
jewel-like colours. If you look at the clothing you can see what I mean. The two characters in the
background have got these rich following clothes, and there’s the same richness in the King’s following
cloak
Teacher So what is he trying to tell us about here… what about these anemones… do they have
any particular significance do you think?
Amanda Yes, the maid is holding a bunch of anemones, and if you look closely you can see that
some of them have fallen on the steps by the King. The flowers are a symbol of unrequited love, and
there’s a lot of personal feeling in this paiting, as there is in much of his work. At the time he was
doing this, Burne-Jones had met and fallen in love with a girl called Frances Graham, but she then
married someone else. So it’s likely that the King represents Burne-Jones and the represents Frances
Graham, and the painting shows his feelings about losing the woman he loved
Teacher Are there any other themes that the audience in 1884 would have recognized apart from
on this personal level?
Amanda Yes, to the general public it would have had a completely different meaning, whichs
they have recognized quite easily – they would interpret the paiting as being about the rejection of
worldly wealt and the elevation of love above everything else
Teacher Yes, absolutely… and that was a message that was very close to Burne-Jone’s heart
and was very relevant for late Victorian Britain… Well thank you Amanda, and now we’ll move on to
the next artist

Part 2. You will hear an interview with Cindy Talbot on the radio program, Young hero or heroine of the
week. For question 1-5, listen and answer the questions
SOURCE: CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH PROFICIENCY MASTER CLASS FOR THE 2013 EXAM. PAGE 55
1. How did Cindy react when she heard the thunder?
She was worried or she was sort of unnerved.
2. How did Cindy regard her decision to take shelter from the storm?
She said that it was not wise thing to do so
3. What were Rod and Mark doing when they saw Cindy?
They were on their way back home after driving around in the forest.
4. What was Rod and Mark’s initial reaction to Cindy’s story?
They didn’t think there was a grain of truth.
5. What effect has the experience had on Cindy?
She says that she is not really a quitter and she is really determined to go on hiking.

TAPESCRIPT
Exam narrator You will hear an interview with Cindy Talbot on the radio programme, Young hero or
heroine of the week. For the questions 1-5, choose the answer (A,B,C or D) which fits best according
to what you hear
Presenter Hello, and welcome to our programme, Young hero or heroine of the week. The subject
this week is Cindy Talbot, a final-year college student, who was on the third day of her five-day solo-
hiking trip through Colorado’s National Forest when something really extraordinay happened to her –
she was struck by lightning. Apparently, lightning kills nearly a hundred Americans each year, more
than hurricanes or tornadoes, and to survive a direct hit is almost a miracle. Luckily, Cindy was rescued
and we are fortunate to have her with us in the studio today
Cindy Hi!
Presenter Tell me, Cindy, what was atually doing when the lightning struck?
Cindy Well, I’d noticed the thunderclouds gathering and I was, like, resting on a rocky peak
people call Eahle Peak, when I heard the thunder rumbling in the distance, and I was sort of unnerved.
I gotta say I though the thunder sounded kinda ominous. So I said to myself, “Cindy, you’d better get
moving” you see I didn’t want to get caught in a storm like that. But, I was to late, I guess. I remember
when the downpour started… and it must have lasted for about an hour, at least an hour. I knew it
wasn’t going to stop just lik that, so I found shelter under some trees
Presenter I suppose that seemed the best thing to do at the time
Cindy To tell the truth it’s not a very wise thjing to do considering it was an electric storm, or
so I’m told! But I did’nt hav much oppinion. Everything happened so quickly and there didn’t seem to
be anywhere else nearby where I might find shelter. But eventually the sun came out and the rained
started to move away, so I came out from under the trees to dry off a little bit. And then, I’d just put my
backpack on – it has a metal frame by thw way! – when the whole world explored, and I felt an
electrical charge surging though my body. It was literally’a bolt out of the blue’! i realized that by
some miracle I was still alive and had to get help. But I couldn’t move my legs, so I had to crawl.
It was heavy going, but after about an hour I reached a wet, muddy kind of track in a clearing in the
forst
Fortunately for me, Rod and Mark, the two guys who came to my rescue, had just happened to
on their way back home in their pick-up. They run a trapping company, and they… they’d been driving
around in the forest checking their traps, I think. If they hadn’t come along at that moment, I’m not
sure I would have survived the ordeal. When they sew me and heard my story, I don’t think they
thought there was a grain of truth in what I was saying at first! Rod told me later that he thought what
I’d told him was a bit far-fetched, to say the least!
They said they’d seen this weird-looking object- seemed to be kind of sprawling across the road
… not moving, but it wasn’t a fallen tree – it looked human. I though, ‘Gee, thanks!’ Anyway, they’d
jumped out of the truck to get a closer look, and they found me. They managed to get me to the nearest
hospital in record time, and, well, in a few days, I was on my feet again. Thanks to the guys. But I’ve
still got a scars on my back, on my hips and foot, too. And I’m scared to death of lightning now
Presenter I suppose lightning’s not normally something to be terrified about. But you’ve just got
to know what you’re doing, haven’t you? So do you feel the experience has had any long-term effect
on you?
Cindy Hmm, I think it’s made me lealize that I’m not more resilient than i thought. I’m not
really a quitter and I’m determined, really determined to go hiking
Presenter But perhaps not in electric storms?
Cindy Ican’t promise that, I’m afraid!
Presnter Cindy, thanks for talking to us today

Part 3: You will hear an interview on a train with two friends, Jane and Chris, chefs who both won prizes
in the National Railway Chef of the Year competition. For the questions below, decide whether the
following statements are True (T) or False (F). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
SOURCE: CAMBRIDGE CERTIFICATE I ADVANCED ENGLISH 6- TEST 1

Your answers
1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F
TAPESCRIPT
GREG. Servinq more than 200,000 meals a year would be a challenge for any chef, but step up constraints of
time, space and a demand for culinary excellence and you have the life of a railway chef. Chris and Jane, the idea
of having to cook in cramped surroundings, with limited ingredients and a very tight schedule, as you did in the
recent competition, must have been a terrifying prospect ...
CHRIS. Well, hardly - I actually operate under those restrictions every day!
JANE. That's true, of course, we both do - but there's always the added danger that things can go wrong, and the
challenge of preparing a top-quality, threecourse meal for four - which costs no more than £50 - and in front of
all those judges!
GREG. Well, Jane, you were a runner up and Chris came first. I gather you faced some stiff competition from the
other finalists.
JANE.. No doubt about that. All the chefs who entered the competition were brilliant in their own way - but
someone has to win! But the real problem is trying to be creative as the train hurtles through the countryside at
over 100 miles an hour - there's little room for mistakes - and you have to be able to keep your balance!
CHRIS. Actually, I'd only been a railway chef for three months. And I can tell you that life on board is no easy
ride. There's no nipping out to get the extra bunch of parsley, or a lemon.
GREG. But you're used to working under pressure all the same, aren't you? How do you set about being
organised?
CHRIS.You've just got to make sure you're focused on the job. Being able to keep an eye on a dozen things at
once is also an advantage!
GREG. But do you actually enjoy what you're doing?
JANE. There's plenty of scope to express yourself as a chef in the job - and the open kitchen means that
customers will often compliment you personally on the food. That's one of the biggest highlights of the job.
CHRIS. I'd certainly go along with that. Very few restaurant chefs have the chance to experience that. GREG.
And what about the menus, who decides what to cook?
JANE. They're decided in advance for the whole railway network by two extremely famous chefs, who are
actually brothers. I suppose we both find it restricting.
CHRIS. Hmm. I do get a bit frustrated from time to time - think I could be a little more adventurous - but it's all a
question of adaptability - which I suspect Jane is better at than I am!
JANE. Not at all - I can be quite inflexible when the mood takes me!
GREG. So what would be a typical routine for you both?
CHRIS. You have to start at around 5.30 in the morning - check that all the ingredients have been delivered -
then it's a mad rush to get everything ready.
JANE.. And precious little time to rest any other time during the day, as you often have to set tables on other
trains and help other staff. Timing's particularly tight, you see. In other restaurants orders come in and go out
over two or three hours, but we have to turn round before the passengers reach their stations. It's all a bit nerve-
racking.
GREG. So what motivated you to do this in the first place?
CHRIS. I've been on the move ever since I left college. So when I got engaged, I decided it was time to settle
down. So when I saw this job, it seemed a reasonable compromise between personal commitments and my
reluctance to stay in one place.
JANE. For me it was something that just caught my eye - not just ordinary run of the mill stuff. And, if you get
the time, you get a good view out of the windows!
GREG. And how do you stop things from spilling over when the train moves?
CHRIS. It's not a problem for me. I was a chef on a liner, so I've got plenty of experience of cookery in motion!
JANE. Yes, but I think it helps if you only half fill saucepans with boiling water - even so, they often spillover
and you start saying nasty things to yourself about the driver - and it's not usually his fault!
CHRIS. Let's just say that you quickly learn not to put things under the grill without keeping an eye on them!
GREG. Has either of you had any major disasters?
CHRIS. [laughs] I'd only been in the job for three days and I had this huge roast in the oven. I opened the door,
turned around for a moment, distracted, I suppose, and it just flew out. Fortunately it landed in the sink, so it was
okay.
GREG. And what qualities would you say it was necessary for a railway chef to have?
JANE. From my point of view, dedication and determination - you won't get anywhere without these! CHRIS.
And, let's admit it - a sense of humour. There have been times when I would have resigned long ago if I hadn't
had that!
GREG And what of the future?
CHRIS. Who knows? - perhaps the first chef on a trip to the Moon?
JANE. Now, that would be a challenge! But somehow, I doubt I'll be with you on that one. I'm terrified of
flying!
GREG. Well, now, if you don't mind, we thought our listeners might be interested in the recipes for your prize-
winning meals ..

Part 4. Listen to the news about Reindeer and fill in the blanks of the news summary with the missing
words
Adapted from “When Their Food Ran Out, These Reindeer Kept Digging”
http://www.npr.org/2017/02/18/514523987/when-their-food-ran-out-these-reindeer-kept-digging
Copyright © 2017 NPR.
Your answers
1.beloved 2. lichen 3. survive 4. native 5. remote
6. rural 7. astronomical 8. underground 9. optimistic 10. habitat

TRANSCRIPT
When Their Food Ran Out, These Reindeer Kept Digging

SCOTT SIMON, HOST:

Reindeer populations are being threatened by climate change. A warming world makes their main winter food
source disappear. But as KUCB's Zoe Sobel reports, reindeer on one Alaskan island are surprising researchers.
ZOE SOBEL, BYLINE: You'd think it'd be easy to spot a herd of 400 reindeer on a treeless island with tundra as
far as the eye can see, but it's not.
LAUREN DEVINE: Yeah, they were right here.
SOBEL: That's Lauren Devine of the Ecosystem Conservation Office. She helps manage the reindeer on St. Paul
Island. Though on this windy day, she's hunting them. So far, no luck. Then a man who works in this remote area
approaches our truck.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN: Hey, you guys looking for the reindeer?
DEVINE: Yeah.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN: You see that green patch right there?
DEVINE: Yep.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN: They were just past it.
DEVINE: When?
UNIDENTIFIED MAN: About two hours ago.
DEVINE: Oh, perfect.
SOBEL: Reindeer aren't native to Alaska. They were brought to rural villages across the state in the late 1800s.
In communities like St. Paul, where grocery prices are astronomical, Devine says residents depend on reindeer to
feed their families. And to make it through the winter, the reindeer need something, too.
DEVINE: Reindeer all over the world depend on lichen. They're very high in sugars and starch, and they're
considered, like, a Snickers bar for reindeer in the winter.
SOBEL: But the reindeer ate the lichen here faster than it could regrow, and now it's gone. Without lichen,
reindeer experts would expect to see malnourished or starving animals. In some places, that's already happening.
But the animals on St. Paul are thriving. Greg Finstad is with the University of Alaska Fairbanks Reindeer
Research Program. He came to study and evaluate the island's reindeer and environment. On a visit to St. Paul
Island last year, he saw something he'd never witnessed before.
GREG FINSTAD: That the reindeer are doing something really very interesting. They have managed to find
other things to eat. They've gone underground.
SOBEL: Finstad discovered instead of lichen, the reindeer are digging up roots and grazing on grass. He says
that's good news. Lichens thrive in Arctic climates, but the Arctic is warming faster than the rest of the globe.
These higher temperatures mean more wildfires, erratic rainfall and better conditions for other plants that can
crowd out the lichen. All of this could mean less lichen for reindeer.
Plus, a warmer climate means what used to be snow is now rain. In Russia a few years ago, that created an icy
barrier so thick the reindeer couldn't stamp through it to get to the lichen. Tens of thousands starved to death.
That's why Finstad thinks it's important that the reindeer in St. Paul are finding something else to eat.
FINSTAD: There's a lot of scientists, researchers, reindeer producers waving their arms in the world. Oh, climate
change, it's the death of reindeer and caribou. But you know what? We have forgotten to tell the reindeer and
caribou. Things change, and they change with it.
MARK BOYCE: I would say no.
SOBEL: Ecology professor Mark Boyce of the University of Alberta is not convinced.
BOYCE: (Laughter) In the - I mean, it's an island population and a very small sample of our global populations
of reindeer and caribou. And the general pattern has been one of decline, so I guess I'm not very optimistic.
SOBEL: Still, on this Alaska island for now, reindeer are doing just fine. And hunting them is more popular than
ever. For NPR News, I'm Zoe Sobel in St. Paul.
SIMON: And this report comes from Alaska's Energy Desk, a public media collaboration that's focused on
energy and the environment.
(SOUNDBITE OF MIKHAIL SAASKIA'S "LOOKING FOR ALASKA")
Copyright © 2017 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages
at www.npr.org for further information.
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proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated
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the audio record.

Phần 2:Part 1 :
A.
1. A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. C
6.A 7. B 8. A 9.C 10. A
1. The love of life shone______the author’s book, giving me as much inspiration as I could ever ask for.
A. through B. over C. into D. upon
Shine through = If a quality shines through, it is strong and easy to see, usually in a particular situation
Tỏa sáng
2. You shouldn’t take ________ more than you can handle, otherwise you’ll suffer from stress.
A. on B. over C. out D. away
Take on = begin to have, use, or do something
3. He’s so stubborn and stupid. I just couldn’t get ________ him that she can never make money from
gambling.
A. over B. out of C. across to D. out of
Get across to = manage to make someone understand or believe something: nói rõ cho ai hiểu
4. The success of our project hinges _________ Mike’s ability persuade the locals to move to the renewal
quarter.
A. in B. on C. about D. over
hinge on/upon sth= to be dicided by/ to depend on: phụ thuộc vào
5. The government’s plans to reduce crime came _________ for a lot of criticism from freedom groups.
A. across B. around C.in D. with
Come in for = hứng chịu,nhận ( chỉ trích,kết quả không tốt0
6. Before they open the new factory, a lot of the young people round here were __________ the dole.
A. on B. in C. over D. above
On the dole =sống nhờ tiền trợ cấp của chính phủ
7. The two countries met at the conference to iron _______ their differences.
A. on B. out C. over D. into
Iron out= put something into a finished state by solving problems, removing differences, or taking care of
details : = wipe out/ remove
8. He tried to paper _______ the country’s deep-seated problems.
A. over B. with C. into D. down
Paper over = hide an unpleasant situation, especially a problem or disagreement, in order to make people
believe that it does not exist or is not serious = conceal
9. Linda chats so much; she could talk the hind leg _______ a donkey.
A. up to B. over C. off D. under
Talk the hind leg off a donkey = nói lải nhải,chuyện không đâu
10. I’m going to put my head _______ for a while as I feel very tired.
A. down B. over C. up D. through
Put one’s head down =sleep=hit the hay/ sack= turn in= go to bed
B.
1.A 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.C
6.D 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.D
1. I had to get through a lot of__________tape, but I finally got the documents I needed.
A. red B. blue C. link D. yellow
Red tape = official rules and processes that seem unnecessary and delay results: thủ tục lằng nhằng
2. The hospital staff pulled out all the _______ to make sure the children had a wonderful day.
A. roadblocks B. barricades C. plugs D. stops
pulled out all the stops = do everything you can to make something successful: cố hết sức
3. Neither side is prepared to _____ an inch in the negotiations.
A. stir B. budge C. push D. bend
Won't budge an inch: nghĩa là không động đậy, không nhúc nhích; ngoài ra còn nghĩa bóng là không thay
đổi ý định, ý đã quyết -> không suy chuyển/lay chuyển
.4. Congressman Saunders fired the opening _______ during a heated debate on capital punishment.
A. salvo B. barrage C. cannonade D. burst
Fire the opening salvo =the first in a series of questions, statements etc that you use to try to win an
argument: nổ một loạt súng đầu tiên (trong cuộc khẩu chiến)
5. I like the way people here always queue up. Back home we just push and shove, and the devil take the
________!A. outermost B. foremost C. hindmost D. utmost
The devil take the hindmost' = ác quỷ sẽ bắt người chạy sau cùng, vậy nên bạn phải chạy thật nhanh -> mỗi
người phải tự thân tìm kiếm thành công cho chính mình, đặc biệt trong các tình huống gặp phải cạnh tranh
Không ai muốn đucnứ sua cùng
6. The manager attached himself to the luncheon club and became a _______ fixture there.
A. perennial B. enduring C. stable D. permanent
be a (permanent) fixture=to be always present and not likely to move or go away
7. I was so hungry, and that meal was absolutely delicious! It was just what the _______ ordered.
A. scientist B. doctor C. expert D. healer
just what the doctor ordered=exactly what is wanted or needed: cái mong muốn
8. Although the Government has increased allocations to the social sector by as much as 40 per cent, State
funding still falls ________ short of needs.
A. well B. totally C. severely D. abjectly
fall well short of =to fail to reach an amount or standard that was expected or hoped for, causing
disappointment:không đáp ứng mong muốn
9. Last week’s violence was _______ condemned by foreign governments.
A. grimly B. roundly C. roughly D. bitingly
roundly condemn/criticize etc=to condemn, criticize etc someone strongly and severely: bị chỉ trích nặng nề
10. . Let me know of any pertinent developments, keep me in the ______.
A. sphere B. ring C. circle D. loop
keep sb in the loops: cập nhật thông tin cho ai đó biết
Part 2:
Line Mistake Correction
Example 1 other another
1. 2 president presidential
2. 3 neither either
3. 5 shows show
4. 6 Addressed Addressing
5. 8 announced were announced
6. 8 laughed at laughed off
7. 12 markedly marked
8. 15 formal former
9. 16 respectedly respectively
10. 19 do make
Part 3:
Your answers:
1.B 2.D 3.A 4.A 5.A
6.C 7.D 3.A 9.B 10.C
Part 1: For questions 1 - 10, choose the correct answer to fill each space. Write your answers in the
corresponding boxes provided below the passage.
Very few of us would admit putting much trust in horoscopes and the fact that the movements of
astronomical bodies _________ (1) to earthly occurrences affecting peoples' everyday lives.
We all know about the zodiac signs which reflect the position of the sun, the moon and the planets at the
moment of a man's birth and about the peculiar characteristics _________ (2) to them by astrologers. We say
we will take these phenomena with a pinch of salt while we keep _________ (3) our eyes over them in every
tabloid we lay our hands on. Most frequently, we expect horoscopes to predict the future, to ___________
(4) our optimistic mood with a piece of comforting information or to ___________ (5) our ego by
confirming the superlative features that we tend to attribute to our zodiacs.
However, there's no scientific evidence to ___________ (6) the assumption that human existence is so
closely __________ (7) with the parameters of the celestial bodies. Our curiosity in horoscopes may, then,
_________(8) our sheer fascination with the unexplained or the unpredictable as well as in the enticing
insight into the future that the horoscopes offer, thus establishing the sense of our __________ (9) an
extreme power over our own lives. An additional explanation is that humans tend to have a soft
____________ (10) for any form of flattery, which is the fact to which astrologers and the horoscope writers
seem to attach the greatest deal of weight.
1. A. rely B. correspond C. match D. Compare
closely/directly correspond to/with sth: match something, or be similar or equal to something
2. A. identified B. associated C. incorporated D. Ascribed
Ascribe to : believe or say that something is caused by something else
3. A. running B. sending C. fixing D. Putting
run one's eye over: look quickly at the whole of something
4. A. restore B. adjust C. upgrade D. reassure
Restore one’s mood: make it possible for someone to have a quality or ability again that they have not had
for a long time: lấy lại tâm trạng (lạc quan)
5. A. boost B. escalate C. revitalize D. improve
Boost one’s ego : khẳng định,đề cao cái tôi của bản thân
6. A. conclude B. concede C. corroborate D. confound
Coroborate the assumption/theory : add proof to an account, statement, idea, etc. with new information:
khẳng định
7. A. fused B. adhered C. coalesced D. interwined
Interwine with : twisted together or closely connected so as to be difficult to separate: bện chặt lại
Paramater: thông số, tham số
celestial
8. A. stem B. crop C. rear D. dawn
Stem: stop something unwanted from spreading or increasing = prevent ST from happening
9. A. disposing B. wielding C. effecting D. committing
wield power/influence/authority etc:to have a lot of power or influence, and to use it: sử dụng quyền lực, có
ảnh hưởng đến
10. A. pit B. dot C. spot D. nick
Have soft spot for : có sự yêu thương, có lòng thương cảm hay nhân ái đối với một người hay một vật.
Part 4:
1. error 2. adults/people 3. after 4. teaching 5. road
6. include 7. reduce 8. for 9. the 10. them
Part 5. Read the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions. (12 pts)
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. C
6. A 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. D
Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil War (1861-1865) a government train
carrying oxen traveling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm and had
to be abandoned. The driver returned the next spring to see what had become of his cargo. Instead of the
skeletons he had expected to find, he saw his oxen, living, fat, and healthy. How had they survived?
The answer lay in a resource that unknowing Americans lands trampled underfoot in their haste to
cross the "Great American Desert" to reach lands that sometimes proved barren. In the eastern parts of the
United States, the preferred grass for forage was a cultivated plant. It grew well with enough rain, then when
cut and stored it would cure and become nourishing hay for winter feed. But in the dry grazing lands of the
West that familiar bluejoint grass was often killed by drought. To raise cattle out there seemed risky or even
hopeless.
Who could imagine a fairy-tale grass that required no rain and somehow made it possible for cattle to
feed themselves all winter? But the surprising western wild grasses did just that. They had wonderfully
convenient features that made them superior to the cultivated eastern grasses. Variously known as buffalo
grass, grama grass, or mesquite grass, not only were they immune to drought; but they were actually
preserved by the lack of summer and autumn rains. They were not juicy like the cultivated eastern grasses,
but had short, hard stems. And they did not need to be cured in a barn, but dried right where they grew on
the ground. When they dried in this way, they remained naturally sweet and nourishing through the winter.
Cattle left outdoors to fend for themselves thrived on this hay. And the cattle themselves helped plant the
fresh grass year after year for they trampled the natural seeds firmly into the soil to be watered by the
melting snows of winter and the occasional rains of spring. The dry summer air cured them much as storing
in a bam cured the cultivated grasses.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. A type of wild vegetation B. Western migration after Civil War
C. The raising of cattle D. The climate of the Western United States
1. Đoạn văn chủ yếu bàn về điều gì?
A. Một kiểu thảm thực vật hoang dã B. Sự di cư của phương Tây sau Nội chiến
C. Việc chăn nuôi gia súc D. Khí hậu miền Tây Hoa Kỳ
Clue: in the dry grazing lands of the West that familiar bluejoint grass was often killed by drought.... Who
could imagine a fairy-tale grass that required no rain and somehow made it possible for cattle to feed
themselves all winter => Toàn bộ bài này chủ yếu nói về loại cỏ hoang dại.
2. What can be inferred by the phrase "Legend has it" in line I?·
A. Most history book include the story of the train.
B. The story of the train is similar to other ones from that time period.
C. The driver of the train invented the story.
D. The story of the train may not be completed factual.
Clue: Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil War (1861-1865) a government train carrying
oxen traveling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm and had to be
abandoned.( Người ta kể rằng vào khoảng cuối Nội chiến (1861-1865), một đoàn tàu của chính phủ chở bò
đi qua vùng đồng bằng phía bắc của miền đông Wyoming đã gặp phải bão tuyết và phải bỏ dở)
3. The word "they" in line 4 refers to ………….. .
A. plains B. skeletons C. oxen D. Americans
Clue: Instead of the skeletons he had expected to find, he saw his oxen, living, fat, and healthy. How had
they survived?( Thay vì những bộ xương mà anh ta mong đợi sẽ tìm thấy, anh ta nhìn thấy con bò của mình,
sống, béo và khỏe mạnh. Làm thế nào họ sống sót?)
4. What can be inferred about the "Great American Desert" mentioned in line 7?
A. Many had settled there by the 1860's.
 B. It was not originally assumed to be a fertile area.
C. It was a popular place to raise cattle before the Civil War.
D. It was not discovered until the late 1800's.
4. Có thể suy ra điều gì về "Great American Desert" được đề cập ở dòng 7?
A. Nhiều người đã định cư ở đó vào những năm 1860.
B. Ban đầu nó không được cho là một khu vực màu mỡ.
C. Đây là một nơi phổ biến để chăn nuôi gia súc trước Nội chiến.
D. Nó không được phát hiện cho đến cuối những năm 1800.
Clue: The answer lay in a resource that unknowing Americans lands trampled underfoot in their haste to
cross the "Great American Desert" to reach lands that sometimes proved barren
Nghĩa là khoảng những năm 1861-1865 khi bò bị bỏ lại vì bão tuyết,năm sau (hiểu là những năm cuối 1800)
khi con người quay lại thì thấy chúng vẫn sống tốt.Bằng cách nào?Câu trả lời nằm ngay ở nguồn tài nguyên
ở vùng đất chưa đc biết đén mà họ đã vội vã đi qua vùng Great America Desert để đến những nơi mà thực
chất là cằn cỗi-> Nghĩa là vùng đất này chưa đc iết đến cho đến tận cuối những năm 1800.
5. The word "barren" in line 7 is closed in meaning to …………… "
A. lonely B. uncomfortable C. infertile D. dangerous
Barren = cằn cỗi,khô cằn =infertile
6. The word "preferred" in line 8 is closed in meaning to ………….. .
A. favored B. available C. ordinary D. required
Prefer= favor = yêu thích
7. Which of the following can be inferred about the cultivated grass mentioned in the second
paragraph?
A. Cattle raised in the Western United States refused to eat it.
B. It had to be imported into the United States.
C. It would probably not grow in the western United States.
D. It was difficult for cattle to digest.
7. Điều nào sau đây có thể được suy ra về loại cỏ trồng được đề cập trong đoạn văn thứ hai?
A. Gia súc được nuôi ở miền Tây Hoa Kỳ không chịu ăn thịt.
B. Nó đã phải được nhập khẩu vào Hoa Kỳ.
C. Nó có thể sẽ không phát triển ở miền Tây Hoa Kỳ.
D. Gia súc khó tiêu hóa.
Clue: . But in the dry grazing lands of the West that familiar blue joint grass was often killed by drought
(Nhưng ở những vùng đất chăn thả khô hạn của phương Tây, loài cỏ chung xanh quen thuộc thường bị chết
do hạn hán.)
8. Which of the following was NOT one of the names given to the western grasses?
A. Mesquite grass B. Bluejoint grass C. Buffalo grass D. Grama grass
Clue: Variously known as buffalo grass, grama grass, or mesquite grass, not only were they immune to
drought; but they were actually preserved by the lack of summer and autumn rains.
9. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a characteristic of western grasses?
A. They contain little moisture B. They have tough stems
C. They can be grown indoors D. They are not affected by dry weather
Đặc điểm nào sau đây KHÔNG được đề cập đến như một đặc điểm của các loại cỏ phương Tây?
A. Chúng chứa ít độ ẩm B. Chúng có thân cứng
C. Có thể trồng trong nhà D. Không bị ảnh hưởng bởi thời tiết khô hạn
Clue: not only were they immune to drought; but they were actually preserved by the lack of summer and
autumn rains. => D
They were not juicy like the cultivated eastern grasses, but had short, hard stems.=> A,B
10. According to the passage, the cattle help promote the growth of the wild grass by ……………"
A. eating only small quantities of grass.
B. continually moving from one grazing area to another.
C. naturally fertilizing the soil.
D. stepping on and pressing the seeds into the ground.
10. Theo đoạn văn, gia súc giúp thúc đẩy sự phát triển của cỏ hoang bằng cách …………… "
A. chỉ ăn một lượng nhỏ cỏ.
B. liên tục di chuyển từ bãi chăn thả này sang bãi chăn thả khác.
C. bón phân tự nhiên vào đất.
D. giẫm lên và ép hạt xuống đất.
Clue: Cattle left outdoors to fend for themselves thrived on this hay. And the cattle themselves helped plant
the fresh grass year after year for they trampled the natural seeds firmly into the soil to be watered by the
melting snows of winter and the occasional rains of spring.( Gia súc được thả ra ngoài trời để tự lo cho bản
thân chúng phát triển mạnh trên cỏ khô này. Và chính những con gia súc đã giúp trồng cỏ tươi năm này qua
năm khác để chúng giẫm mạnh những hạt giống tự nhiên vào đất để được tưới bởi những trận tuyết tan của
mùa đông và những cơn mưa bất chợt của mùa xuân.)
Part 6. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. (12 pts)
1. ix 2. viii 3. vii 4. vi 5. iv 6. iii
7. deter crime
8. (air) pollution
9. block light
10. education
A ix. Approaching the city
After hours of driving south in the pitch-black darkness of the Nevada desert, a dome of hazy gold suddenly
appears on the horizon. Soon, a road sign confirms the obvious: Las Vegas 30 miles. Looking skyward, you
notice that the Big Dipper is harder to find than it was an hour ago.( Sau nhiều giờ lái xe về phía nam trong
màn đêm tối đen như mực của sa mạc Nevada, một vùng sáng ánh vàng lấp lánh bỗng hiện ra nơi chân trời.
Chẳng bao lâu sau, một tấm biển chỉ đường xác nhận lại sự thật quá rõ ràng: Las Vegas chỉ còn cách đó 30
dặm. Ngước lên trời, bạn phát hiện ra chòm sao Bắc Đẩu đã không còn dễ tìm như cách đây một tiếng đồng
hồ nữa)=> Tiếp cận thành phố
B viii. More light than is necessary
Light pollution—the artificial light that illuminates more than its intended target area—has become a
problem of increasing concern across the country over the past 15 years. In the suburbs, where over-lit
shopping mall parking lots are the norm,( Ô nhiễm ánh sáng — ánh sáng nhân tạo chiếu sáng một vùng rộng
lớn hơn dự định – đã trở thành một vấn đề ngày càng khiến nhiều người lo ngại trong vòng 15 năm qua. Ở
vùng ngoại ô, nơi các bãi đỗ xe thuộc các cửa hàng mua sắm luôn được thắp sáng chói chang như một tiêu
chuẩn) only 200 of the Milky Way’s 2,500 stars are visible on a clear night. Even fewer can be seen from
large cities. In almost every town, big and small, street lights beam just as much light up and out as they do
down, illuminating much more than just the street. Almost 50 percent of the light emanating from street
lamps misses its intended target, and billboards, shopping centres, private homes and skyscrapers are
similarly over-illuminated.( Gần 50 phần trăm ánh sáng phát ra từ đèn đường không chiếu sáng khu vực mục
tiêu ban đầu của chúng, và các biển hiệu, các trung tâm mua sắm, nhà riêng và những tòa nhà chọc trời cũng
sử dụng đèn chiếu sáng quá mức giống nhau.)
 Nhiều ánh sáng hơn mức cần thiết
C vii. Seen from above
America has become so bright that in a satellite image of the United States at night, the outline of the
country is visible from its lights alone.( Nước Mỹ đã được thắp sáng nhiều đến nỗi chỉ cần nhìn vào một bức
ảnh vệ tinh chụp vào ban đêm, có thể thấy rõ biên giới quốc gia nhờ vào ánh đèn) The major cities are all
there, in bright clusters: New York, Boston, Miami, Houston, Los Angeles, Seattle, Chicago, and, of course,
Las Vegas. Mark Adams, superintendent of the McDonald Observatory in west Texas, says that the very fact
that city lights are visible from on high is proof of their wastefulness. “When you’re up in an airplane, all
that light you see on the ground from the city is wasted. It’s going up into the night sky. That’s why you can
see it.”( Mark Adams, giám đốc Đài thiên văn McDonald tại miền tây Texas nói rằng, thực tế việc có thể
nhìn thấy ánh đèn thành phố từ trên cao như vậy chính là bằng chứng cho thấy sự phí phạm của họ. “Khi bạn
đi máy bay và nhìn xuống, tất cả ánh sáng mà bạn thấy từ thành phố dưới mặt đất đều bị lãng phí. Chúng đã
chiếu lên bầu trời đêm. Đó là lý do tại sao bạn có thể nhìn thấy chúng)
 Nhìn từ trên cao
D vi. A problem lights do not solve
But don’t we need all those lights to ensure our safety? The answer from light engineers, light pollution
control advocates and astronomers is an emphatic “no.” Elizabeth Alvarez of the International Dark Sky
Association (IDA), a non-profit organization in Tucson, Arizona, says that overly bright security lights can
actually force neighbours to close the shutters, which means that if any criminal activity does occur on the
street, no one will see it. And the old assumption that bright lights deter crime appears to have been a false
one: A new Department of Justice report concludes that there is no documented correlation between the
level of lighting and the level of crime in an area. And contrary to popular belief, more crimes occur in
broad daylight than at night.( ánh sáng quá mạnh với mục đích bảo vệ an ninh thực ra lại có khả năng buộc
những người dân sống xung quanh phải đóng rèm cửa lại, tức là nếu có hoạt động tội phạm nào xảy ra trên
phố, sẽ chẳng có ai nhìn thấy được. Và giả định lỗi thời rằng đèn sáng ngăn ngừa tội phạm là một sự sai lầm:
Một báo cáo mới của Sở Tư pháp kết luận không có mối liên hệ nào được ghi nhận giữa mức độ thắp sáng
và tình hình tội phạm trong một khu vực. Và trái với niềm tin phổ biến, nhiều tội ác xảy ra ngay giữa thanh
thiên bạch nhật hơn là vào ban đêm.)
 Một vấn đề về ánh sáng không giải quyết được
E iv. People at risk from bright lights
For drivers, light can actually create a safety hazard. Glaring lights can temporarily blind drivers, increasing
the likelihood of an accident(Đối với người lái xe, ánh sáng thực sự có thể tạo ra mối nguy hiểm về an toàn.
Ánh sáng chói lóa có thể làm người lái bị mù tạm thời, làm tăng khả năng xảy ra tai nạn). To help prevent
such accidents, some cities and states prohibit the use of lights that impair night-time vision. For instance,
New Hampshire law forbids the use of “any light along a highway so positioned as to blind or dazzle the
vision of travellers on the adjacent highway.”
 Mọi người gặp nguy hiểm do đèn sáng
F iii. The environmental dangers
Badly designed lighting can pose a threat to wildlife as well as people.( Ánh sáng được thiết kế không tốt có
thể gây ra mối đe dọa cho động vật hoang dã cũng như con người). Newly hatched turtles in Florida move
toward beach lights instead of the more muted silver shimmer of the ocean. Migrating birds, confused by
lights on skyscrapers, broadcast towers and lighthouses, are injured, sometimes fatally, after colliding with
high, lighted structures. And light pollution harms air quality as well: Because most of the country’s power
plants are still powered by fossil fuels, more light means more air pollution.( Và ô nhiễm ánh sáng cũng gây
hại cho chất lượng không khí: Bởi vì hầu hết các nhà máy điện của quốc gia này vẫn chạy bằng nhiên liệu
hóa thạch, nhiều ánh sáng hơn đồng nghĩa với ô nhiễm không khí nhiều hơn.)
 Những mối nguy hiểm về môi trường
G
So what can be done? Tucson, Arizona is taking back the night. The city has one of the best lighting
ordinances in the country, and, not coincidentally, the highest concentration of observatories in the world.
Kitt Peak National Optical Astronomy Observatory has 24 telescopes aimed skyward around the city’s
perimeter, and its cadre of astronomers needs a dark sky to work with.
H
For a while, that darkness was threatened. “We were totally losing the night sky,” Jim Singleton of Tucson’s
Lighting Committee told Tulsa, Oklahoma’s KOTV last March. Now, after retrofitting inefficient mercury
lighting with low-sodium lights that block light from “trespassing” into unwanted areas like bedroom
windows, and by doing away with some unnecessary lights altogether, the city is softly glowing rather than
brightly beaming. The same thing is happening in a handful of other states, including Texas, which just
passed a light pollution bill last summer. “Astronomers can get what they need at the same time that citizens
get what they need: safety, security and good visibility at night,” says McDonald Observatory’s Mark
Adams, who provided testimony at the hearings for the bill.
I And in the long run, everyone benefits from reduced energy costs. Wasted energy from inefficient lighting
costs us between $1 and $2 billion a year, according to IDA. The city of San Diego, which installed new,
high-efficiency street lights after passing a light pollution law in 1985, now saves about $3 million a year in
energy costs.
J Legislation isn’t the only answer to light pollution problems. Brian Greer, Central Ohio representative for
the Ohio Light Pollution Advisory Council, says that education is just as important, if not more so. “There
are some special situations where regulation is the only fix,” he says. “But the vast majority of bad lighting
is simply the result of not knowing any better.” Simple actions like replacing old bulbs and fixtures with
more efficient and better-designed ones can make a big difference in preserving the night sky.
Part 7. You are going to read some reviews of art events. For questions 1 - 10, choose from the
reviews (A-F). The reviews may be chosen more than once. (12 pts)
1.D 2.F 3.B 4.C 5.E
6.A 7.D 8.B 9.E 10.C
Institutions could suffer because of a thoughtless act. 1
Many different styles offered by artists in Europe. 2
 A substantial amount of time needed to complete one piece of work. 3
Land and sea treated very differently. 4
Paintings about other paintings. 5
Man's negative impact on the environment. 6
Finding ways to payoff debts. 7
A primitive style of interior decoration. 8
Showing how something is set up for public viewing. 9
Fantasy images based on a real environment. 10
Reviews of art events
A Ben Cook and Phil Whiting
Landscape, such a dominant theme in Cornwall, has the chalk and cheese treatment from two artists
showing in Penzance this month. At Cornwall Contemporary Gallery Ben Cook " uses abstract vocabulary
to make almost entirely conceptual references. His use of found objects and time spent surfing drew him to
look at the processes involved in surfboard manufacture. Based on these, his constructions and paintings
combine areas of high resist, high speed, water deflecting sheen with those tempered by wax to produce
mottled, opaque, non-slip surfaces that smack of stone and solidity. Phil Whiting is a painter. His vigorous
use of materials - acrylics in thick impasto inks, charcoal applied with a brush, knife and 'whatever' - recalls
a terrain smarting from the brute force of man's misuse of it. This is not the celebrated, picturesque Cornwall
we so often see but its dirty, rain-soaked underbelly, a landscape left bereft by voracious mining and
haphazard industrial development.( Đây không phải là thành phố Cornwall nổi tiếng đẹp như tranh vẽ mà
chúng ta thường thấy mà là phần dưới đầy mưa, bẩn thỉu của nó, một cảnh quan bị bỏ lại bởi hoạt động khai
thác phàm ăn và sự phát triển công nghiệp hỗn loạn.)=> Q6
B Shanti Panchal
I It is almost thirty years since Shanti Panchal first came from India to study art in London, where he has
lived ever since. This retrospective at Chelmsford Museum elucidates his distinctive, radical water-
colourist's achievement. Growing lip in a Gujarati village, he decorated local houses with Images of birds
and animals. As a Bombay art student, cave paintings and images from Jain temples inspired him, and as a
student in Europe, he was drawn to medieval icons(Là một sinh viên nghệ thuật Bombay, các bức tranh hang
động và hình ảnh từ các ngôi đền Jain đã truyền cảm hứng cho anh ấy, và khi còn là một sinh viên ở Châu
Âu, anh ấy đã bị thu hút bởi các biểu tượng thời Trung cổ). It is erroneous to say that his work is
characterised by poignant nostalgia for India. The paintings are not nostalgic. Rather they evoke with subtle
clarity what it is like to be exiled and dispossessed while at the same time rooted inalienably in nature and
the cosmos.
Every watercolour is multi-layered, giving a similar surface to Buddhist cave paintings. It can take days in
order to face Nhat is going to happen in a piece. Each picture takes weeks and sometimes months(Có thể
mất nhiều ngày để đối mặt với Nhat sắp diễn ra một cách phức tạp. Mỗi bức ảnh mất hàng tuần và đôi khi

I hàng tháng). => Q3 Recent pictures include portraits and even a homage to Frida Kahlo, a painter that Shanti
respects immensely.
C Iwan Gwyn Parry
Ian Gwyn Parry's first solo exhibition at Martin Tinney Gallery in Cardiff is a significant event. Until now
the artist has shown mostly in North Wales. Now there is an opportunity to experience, further south, a
coherent and powerful assemblage of his latest work. It is clear the show will be something special. For
these remarkable landscapes and seascapes appear to have emerged from deep within his psyche and are a
highly imaginative response to a coastal terrain familiar to the artist(Đối với những phong cảnh và cảnh biển
đáng chú ý này dường như đã xuất hiện từ sâu trong tâm hồn của anh ấy và là một phản ứng giàu trí tưởng
tượng đối với địa hình ven biển quen thuộc với nghệ sĩ.). There is a strong sense of mysticism, the painting
suffused with ethereal vapours and incandescent light; there are restless swathes of deep orange and yellow.
The seascapes are haunting and elemental while the landscapes are more reflective studies in grey, black
and white.( Cảnh quan biển gây ám ảnh và nguyên sơ trong khi cảnh quan là những nghiên cứu phản chiếu
nhiều hơn với màu xám, đen và trắng.) Q4 His oil The Irish Sea, for example is on an awesome scale, its
seething waters of churning paint intensely lit by a low sun. Definitely a show not to be missed.
D Art auctions
Of the top three Modern British sales last month, it was Christie's who kicked off the, proceedings, but not
without controversy. Bury district council, in their wisdom, auctioned a major painting by LS. Lowry so as
to cover a £10 million shortfall in their finances(.Hội đồng quận Bury, với sự khôn ngoan của họ, đã bán đấu
giá một bức tranh lớn của LS. Lowry để trang trải khoản thiếu hụt 10 triệu bảng trong tài chính của họ.) Q7.
The £1.2 million hammer price, less expenses, will not make all that much difference but the
issue has raised the wrath of the Museums Association, who in future, could block lottery and National Arts
Collection Fund resources in all aspects of museum and gallery development. Bury may well live to regret
their foolhardy action as current and future donators will also not be encouraged to gift works of art which
could be sold on a whim.( Bury sống tốt để hối tiếc về hành động dại dột của họ vì các nhà tài trợ hiện tại và
tương lai cũng sẽ không được khuyến khích tặng các tác phẩm nghệ thuật có thể được bán theo đột ngột,tùy
thích) Q1Bonhams followed ten days later with a good but not exceptional sale of which a solid 70% was
sold and totaled £2.3 million.
It was then Sotheby's turn to shine which they succeeded in doing, with 80% of lots sold and an impressive
total of £7.7 million, though some way behind their arch rival. Records were broken for works by Sir
Winston Churchill, former British Prime Minister.
E Andrew Grassie
Andrew Grassie's exhibition at Maureen Paley Gallery is aptly entitled 'Installation', since it provides a look
backstage at the rituals involved in hanging an exhibition before it officially opens to the public(.Triển lãm
của Andrew Grassie tại Phòng trưng bày Maureen Paley có tên là 'Sắp đặt', vì nó cung cấp một cái nhìn về
hậu trường về các nghi lễ liên quan đến việc treo một triển lãm trước khi nó chính thức mở cửa cho công
chúng) Q9 To achieve this, Grassie devised and followed a pre-determined strategy, namely: "Install a
series of paintings at the gallery depicting last year's previous exhibitions during their installation. Each
painting should hang at the very spot from which the image was taken, enabling the viewer to compare
views of the space." The result is five jewel-like paintings, each one painstakingly copied from a mid-
installation photograph taken by Grassie before the opening of the previous year's shows. The paintings are
executed with such detail that it is difficult at times to uncover the illusion that these are photographs rather
than paintings.( Kết quả là năm bức tranh giống như ngọc, mỗi bức được sao chép một cách cẩn thận từ một
bức ảnh sắp đặt giữa do Grassie chụp trước khi khai mạc các buổi trình diễn năm trước. Các bức tranh được
thực hiện với độ chi tiết đến nỗi đôi khi rất khó để phát hiện ra rằng đây là những bức ảnh chứ không phải là
bức tranh.) Q5
F Story
Alexia Goethe has selected fourteen artists, including six resident in the UK and four from Leipzig, for
her show 'Story'. She seeks to demonstrate that whatever technique is used - painting, text, video,
photograph or concept - and regardless of style, the artist is telling a story.( Cô ấy tìm cách chứng minh rằng
bất kỳ kỹ thuật nào được sử dụng - hội họa, văn bản, video, ảnh chụp hay khái niệm - và bất kể phong cách
nào, người nghệ sĩ đều đang kể một câu chuyện.)=> Q2The tales being told made me come away feeling a
sense of recovery. Tales of politics, war, social unrest, personal tragedy, to name just a few, are depicted
here. Jin Meng who now resides in Europe, produces exquisitely framed views from the present onto China's
past. Political statues, glimpsed from a deserted bedroom, evoke the vast changes sweeping his birthplace.
Jean Tinguely's kinetic assemblages illustrate how the mechanical is subverted into the amusing and the
desirable. This is an eclectic mix of treasures that can't fail to shock, amuse and move

Part 8:
1. It is open to dispute what the black spot the decline in the competition’s popularity is.
the black spot :a place on a road that is considered to be dangerous because several accidents have happened
there
2. I’m not in favor of people who can talk the hind leg of a donkey.
Talk the hind leg off a donkey: nói lải nhải chuyện không đâu
3. I would like to have pulled my weight (in the job).
Pull one’s weight ; hoàn thành ,làm tròn trách nhiệm của mình
4 It is advisable that this celebrity keep a low profile.
keep a low profile: tránh gây sự chú ý, xem xét kĩ lưỡng từ mọi ngườ. Giuwx bis maat
5, In retrospect, I have a feeling that they cooked/might have cooked the books about the case.
cooked the books: thay đổi số liệu kế toán một cách không trung thực hoặc vi phạm luật pháp
6,. It is of no / little consequence + to me which / what make of car you choose.
Be of no / little consequence + tosb: not important in any way/not very important
7,You should never look a gift horse in the mouth.
Not look a gift horse in the mouth: đừng chê bai, soi xét mòn quà bạn được tặng, hãy biết ơn/cảm kích
8,He gave me an / his assurance that he would look into my case personally.
Give sb an assurance : đưa cho ai sự đảm bảo rằng,hứa rằng
9. The prisoner seemed to show / have no remorse over / about / for the suffering he had caused.
Have remorse over/about/for: có sự hối cải về vc gì đã làm
10. She‘s only happy when somebody dances attendance on her.
Dance attendance on somebody: to be with somebody and do things to help and please them.

TEST 2 KEY
KEY:
Phần 1:
Part 1. (10 points)
1. A 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C

Part 2. (10 points)

6. T 7. F 8. F 9. T 10. T

Part 3
16. cease-fire
17. 7:00 a.m.
18. Palestinians
19. underlying issues
20. humanitarian corridor
21. conflict zone
22. presence of Ebola
23. positive
24. hundreds of people
25. nationwide doctor’s strike

Transcript
Part 1.
Interviewer: My guest today is the young film director Lauren Casio, whose first full-length feature film
Hidden Valley Dreams has been well received critically, as well as achieving box office
success. Lauren, was it always your ambition to be a film maker?
Lauren: I did media studies at college, actually, and had no great desire to go into film-making when
I started. As part of the course, I made some short films, and on the strength of that, some of
the staff suggested I went in that direction. I mean, they were extremely short, three-minute
films, but they seemed to see some promise and encouraged me. I wasn't doing anything
ground-breaking, but the fact that I was able to put images together and tell a story in a very
economical way time-wise was something I think they responded to and wanted me to
pursue. So after finishing that course I enrolled in film school, where I could concentrate on
that.
Interviewer: I’ve heard some people saying: ‘Film school’s a waste of time, don't bother with it’. What
do you feel about that?
Lauren: There's young people coming into film-making from commercials, videos, and television
saying that, but what works for one person may not work for another, so perhaps they don’t
need it. I had no family connections in the business, and no private means so, for me, being
in an environment where the equipment was available and the help was freely given, that
opened doors. The fact that people I was at school with are now making their way in the
film world is also testimony to its value. But I’m not saying it’s the only route.
Interviewer: But it’s taken you a long time to get from your first shorts to your first full-length feature
film, hasn’t it?
Lauren: That was no accident really. I went through a process of making shorter films so that I could
acquire some skills. A lot of people get out of school, make one film, and want to make that
 leap into feature films. But invariably, they fall flat on their faces. Maybe some of them are
ready to make the leap earlier; I knew I wasn’t. I wasn’t prepared to squander time and
money doing something I hadn’t yet got the experience and expertise to carry off. I wasn’t
short of offers, even financially attractive ones, but it wasn’t the right moment.
Interviewer: I think your women characters are very good, but I think your men characters are incredible.

Lauren: Thanks! But with all characters, trying to find some dimension in them is very important to
me, whatever the gender. Certainly we see a lot of stereotypes in films, men and women –
lookalike representations of a certain common perception. I've always wanted to create
characters with a bit more to them than that: people with a depth that might allow an
audience to see a different side to their characters … but not by making them behave in
unnatural ways. That just confuses the audience. So, my male characters are macho, sure,
but there’s got to be a vulnerability there. That's been a very conscious thing, and even the
villains need to have a conscience.
Interviewer: So what about Hidden Valley Dreams?
Lauren: Well, though I can’t deny that I’m proud of it, there's a lot of things I’d change if I were to
make that film again. I remember sitting one afternoon, and just writing it (the storyline) in
about four or five hours. It seemed to be something that needed to come out. Writing for me
has never been that easy since! Perhaps it was a dumb idea for me to go out and make a
1940s period film as my debut because the resources and the control I had over the
environment – the logistics – were very limited. I tried a bunch of things … a social theme,
but a story with a sense of humor. I just had a gut feeling that it would appeal, and it
worked, but don’t ask me how!
Interviewer: And would you encourage kids who’d like to get into film-making?
Lauren: Why not? Actually, I get invited to talk occasionally at high schools. Although I have mixed
feelings about the whole notion of being someone to look up to, of being a role model, I
think it’s important for kids to see that the things that they’re aspiring to are doable – that
we’re not giving them false dreams. If, through some conversation with myself, or anyone
else who’s worked hard to get where they are, they can identify with the fact that I'm just
some kid from an ordinary background like them, then that's cool. I can’t pretend I’ll ever
be a real superhero to those young people, but I try to do what I can.
Interviewer: Thank you Lauren, we have to leave it there.

Part 2.
Electric cars? Solar-powered buses? When most people imagine solutions to the problems of city air
pollution they probably think of electricity and solar power. But the problem with an electric cars is that the
electrical energy stored within the batteries has to be first produced by conventional means such as burning
coal, which creates the very problem the car is supposedly designed to avoid. Even the battery disposal is an
environmental hazard. As for solar power, at present the solar panels that catch the sunlight are twice as big
as the cars they power. And speeds of ten kilometres an hous are hardly practical. What is required is as safe,
cheap and highly efficient engine that produces fewer major air pollutants and only in small quantities. You
may be surprised that the answer has been with us for quite some time.
The probable solution to city air pollution is a concept for an engine that was first proposed by a French
scientist in 1824 and later designed and patented by a German refrigeration engineer in 1892, whose name
was Rudolph Diesel. His design for an engine that would produce more energy output but burn less fuel
became known as the diesel engine. Most people think of diesel engines as being efficient and cheaper to run
but smelly and rather noisy.
It is true that the black soot emitted from the exhausts of diesel lorries is far fewer of all the major air
pollutants than petrol-driven engines, except for nitrogen oxides and black soot. However, soot can be
trapped, and already new diesel engines are under development, being redesigned to burn diesel fuel in such
a way that the nitrogen oxide gases are released into the air as harmless nitrogen and oxygen.
In fact, if all cars were running on diesel fuel, air pollution in major cities would disappear overnight. Why
then has it taken this long to do something about it? The problem is that the disadvantages of diesel engines,
which include greater noise and vibration as well as taking longer to start up, have meant that car
manufacturers have been reluctant to invest in productions of more expensive diesel-powered cars – afraid
that customers would not purchase their products. Fortunately, new technology is ensuring that diesel-
powered engines become lean, clean and mean. It might not be long before city smog is but a distant
memory.

Part 3

This is VOA news. Twelve-hour Middle East cease-fire is announced. And Ebola takes its 1st life in
Nigeria. I’m Vincent Bruce reporting from Washington.
Israel has declared a 12-hour-long cease-fire in Gaza for Saturday. That’s according to a U.S. official.
Reportedly, the pause in fighting would start around 7:00 a.m. local time, or 0400 Universal Time, and the
cease-fire would be in honor of Eid– the Muslim holiday marking the end of Ramadan, according to U.S.
Secretary of State John Kerry.
This announcement comes after Kerry told reporters in Cairo that he believes Israeli Prime Minister
Benjamin Netanyahu is committed to working toward a cease-fire.
Israeli media reports say Mr. Netanyahu and his cabinet want changes in a proposed 7-day truce with Hamas
militants proposed by Egypt.
Kerry said the pause in the fighting would be used to bring all sides together to look at the underlying issues
that have led to weeks of deadly violence between Israelis and Palestinians. The World Health Organization
is calling for a humanitarian corridor in Gaza to transport the wounded for urgent treatment to medical
facilities outside the conflict zone.
As Lisa Schlein reports from Geneva, the WHO says the emergency medical facilities should be located at
crossing points between the Gaza Strip and Israel as well as neighboring Egypt and Jordan.
WHO reports 4 hospitals, 12 clinics and 10 ambulances as well as a specialized center for the disabled have
been damaged. It says surgical wards have been put out of service. It says all functioning health facilities are
suffering severe shortages of supplies, particularly for surgical practices.
The U.N. health agency says a humanitarian corridor would facilitate the delivery of such supplies.
Lisa Schlein, for VOA news, Geneva.

Nigeria has confirmed the Ebola virus is present in the country as officials report a man who died in Lagos
Friday tested positive.
A VOA Hausa service reporter in Lagos identified the deceased man as 40-year-old Patrick Sawyer, a
Liberian who became ill soon after arriving on a flight from Monrovia on Sunday.
Nigeria is now the 4th West African country to confirm the presence of Ebola. The virus has killed 100s of
people this year in Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia.
In northern Nigeria, the health of many HIV/AIDS patients is rapidly declining as a nationwide doctor’s
strike is reported 30,000 medical officials choosing not to work.
[The Nigerian], rather, the Nigerian Medical Association says the strike is the only way they know to rescue
Nigeria’s frail health care system.
Meanwhile, nurses accuse strikers of abandoning public care in favor of more lucrative private practices.

Phần 2
Part 1:
A: 21. C 22. D 23. D 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B
21. You are going to need her help. If I were you, I’d ___________ a bit. I’d try to get her on my side, you
know what I mean.
A. soap her down B. oil her over C. butter her up D. grease her out
butter sb up= to be very kind or friendly to someone or try to please someone, so that that person will do
what you want them to do
soap sb down= cover someone, something, or oneself in soap
22. There is a great deal of pressure in the newspaper industry; editor might work a 12-hour day with no
_________.
A. come-down B. letdown C. crackdown D. let-up
Let-up= the stopping or slowing down of something that is unpleasant
23. The first round of interviews only really serves to _________ the very weakest of applicants.
A. tide over B. beat about C. bark up D. weed out
Weed out= get rid of people or things that are not wanted
Tide over = help someone to work or operate normally through a difficult period, usually by lending them
money
'Bark up the wrong tree' có một động từ mới là to bark nghĩa là sủa. Bark up the wrong tree nghĩa đen là sủa
lầm lên cây, và nghĩa bóng là hiểu lầm một vấn đề và do đó hành động cũng sai lầm.
24. They will need time to _________ the proposals we have submitted.
A. lash out B. scroll over C. shrivel up D. mull over
Mull over = suy ngẫm kỹ về điều gì
Lash out = suddenly attack someone or something physically or criticize him, her, or it in an angry way
25. The kids are _________ in the steam-filled room, and the girl seems grateful for adult conversation.
A. impinging on B. larking about C. ploughing ahead D. floating out
larking about= have fun by behaving in a silly way
plough ahead =to continue to do something in spite of opposition or difficulties
impinge on/upon sb/sth=have an effect on something, often causing problems by limiting it in some way:
26. Both the favourite and then the second favourite pulled out. Naturally, we thought we were _________ a
chance.
A in with B up for C in for D up with
In with a chance = đang có cơ hội tốt/khả năng cao để hoàn thành công việc.
27. The man in the market was selling leather coats very cheaply: they were such bargains that were soon
______ .
A.cleared off B.done for C.bought out D. snapped up
Snap up= buy or obtain something quickly and enthusiastically
28. Our teacher tends to ______ certain subjects which she finds difficult to talk about
A.boil down B.string along C. skate over D.track down
skate over/around sth=avoid dealing completely with something or to fail to pay enough attention to it
29. He likes nothing better than to spend his Sunday mornings _________ in the gardens.
A. pottering about B. hanging around C. whiling away D.winding down
potter about/around (sth)=spend time in a pleasant, relaxed way, often doing small jobs in your house
30. James kept trying to _________ his duties, but his manager told him if he didn’t start taking
responsibility for his work he would have to leave the company.
A. beaver away B. weasel out of C. chicken out of D. clam up
weasel out (of sth)=avoid doing something that you have agreed to do, especially by being dishonest
beaver away = làm việc chăm chỉ trong khoảng thời gian dài.

'chickened out' (of something), ý bạn muốn nói họ đã không làm điều gì, hoặc chưa thử làm điều đó, vì sợ
hãi
clam up' có nghĩa là trở nên im lặng vì bạn lo lắng, xấu hổ hay không muốn nói về điều gì.

31. C 32. C 33. C 34. C 35. C 36. A 37. A 38. B 39. C 40. D
31. Normally, when he was late, he gave a pathetic excuse, but not this time, what he said had a ______ of
truth about it.
A. figment B. glimmer C. ring D. shred
have a/the ring of truth= to seem to be true
32. The football fans were coming in _______ to watch the final game. An hour before the kickoff the
stadium was packed full.
A. fingers and thumbs B. bits and bobs
C. dribs and drabs D. bibs and tuckers
In dribs and drabs" = nhỏ từng giọt -> nghĩa là định kì nhưng với số lượng rất nhỏ, từng li từng tí một.
Be all fingers and thumbs" or "Be all thumbs" = chỉ toàn ngón cái -> nghĩa là vụng về
bits and bobs= những thứ linh tinh,lặt vặt
your best bib and tucker=your best clothes that you wear on special occasions
33. The Government is trying to ________when it says it will spend more on the health service without
raising taxes.
A. chew the fat B. wave the flag
C. square the circle D. put the lid
chew the fat= quây quần tán dóc
wave the flag= show support for the country, group, or organization that you belong to
square the circle= tìm giải pháp tốt cho một vấn đề dường như không thể thực hiện được, đặc biệt khi những
người liên quan có yêu cầu hay ý kiến khác nhau.
put the lid on sth= keep something under control and stop it from increasing
34. The government is using the taxes from the working class to bail out the banks that ruined the economy?
That really ________!
A. sows wild oats B. spills the beans
C. takes the biscuit D. upsets the apple cart
Sow wild cats= If a young man sows his wild oats, he has a period of his life when he does a lot of exciting
things and has a lot of sexual relationships
spills the beans=let the cat out of the bag =tiết lộ bí mật
Take the biscuit" = Ăn bánh quy -> Một ví dụ khó chịu hoặc gây sửng sốt về cái gì đó; bị sốc, thất vọng và
tức giận.
upsets the apple cart= phá hỏng hoàn toàn kế hoạch của người khác, phá đám (spoil a plan or disturb the
status quo)
35. They will provide a lot of amusement hopping _______ over the rocks from one puddle to another.
A. up and down B. in and out C. back and forth D. back to front
ups and downs= những thăng trầm trong cuộc sống,lịch sử
the ins and outs= the detailed or complicated facts of something
back and forth= moving first in one direction and then in the opposite one
know sth back to front=to have very good and detailed knowledge of something:
36. The candidate’s optimism gave _______ to doubt as the result ofs of exit polls became known.
A. place B. lie C. vent D. voice
Give place to= nhường chỗ cho
give the lie to sth=to prove that something is not true:
give vent to = Nói cho hả, nói một cách tự do; trút hết cơn giận.
give voice to sth=to express your thoughts or feelings in words:
37. We’d been working hard for a month and so decided to go out and _______.
A. paint the town red B. face the music
C. read between the lines D. steal the show
paint the town red= go out and enjoy yourself by drinking alcohol, dancing, laughing with friends, etc.:
face the music= chịu trận,gánh chịu hậu quả
read between the lines = look for or discover a meaning that is hidden or implied rather than explicitly
stated
steal the show= ý nói một người biết cách gây sự chú ý (hài hước, thú vị...), được hoan nghênh nhiệt liệt
38. The country is an economic ______ with chronic unemployment and rampant crime.
A. lost cause B. basket case C. false dawn D. dark horse
lost cause= a person or thing that can no longer hope to succeed or be changed for the better
basket case = someone who is extremely nervous or anxious and is therefore unable to organize their life//
a country or company that is very unsuccessful financially
false dawn= something that seems to show that a successful period is beginning or that a situation is
improving when it is not
dark horse= chỉ người, một vật gì đó mà ít ai biết đến.
39. The opposition protests against the government now threaten to get out of ______ and the security forces
are likely to make arrests around the country today.
A. reach B. kilter C. hand D. ordinary
get out of hand=To become chaotic and unmanageable, as of a situation.
40. I’m not sure I can answer that. I’ve only thought about it in the ____________before.
A. general B. hypothetical C. indefinite D. abstract
in the abstract =thinking about something only as a general idea without referring to real situations or
practical experience
Part 2:
1. involves-> involve
2. functions-> malfunction
3. about-> for
4. judging-> misjudging
5. impairing-> impaired
6. that-> than
7. to put-> to be put
8. for-> into
9. are-> is
10. acquaint -> acquainting
Question 1 1.0 point for each correct answer
1. D 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. C
6. D 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. B
Question 3
Gerard Mercator: The Man Who Mapped the Planet
When Gerard Mercator was born in 1512, the geography of the globe still (0)___ remained ______a
mystery. It was unclear whether America was part of Asia, if there was a vast (1) _________of sea at the top
of the world or if Australia was connected to Antarctica.
Mercator’s childhood was spent chiefly in Rupelmonde, a Flemish trading town on the river, and it was
here that his geographical imagination was (2) _________by the ships which passed to and from the rest of the
world. Alongside imagination, he developed two very different skills. The first was the ability to gather, (3)
_________and co-ordinate the geographical information provided by explorers and sailors who frequented the
margins of the known. He also had to be able to imagine himself (4) _________from the heavens, to achieve the
visionary (5) _________of gods in the skies, (6) _________ down on the world. The main reason why
Mercator’s name is familiar to us is because of the Mercator Projection: the solution he (7)_________to
represent the spheroidal surface of the globe on a two-dimensional plane. It is less well known that Mercator
was the first man to conceive of mapping the (8) _________surface of the planet or that he (9) _________the
idea of multiple maps being presented in bound books, to which he gave the name ‘Atlas’.
It is difficult for us now to be surprised by maps, so many are there, and of such detail and coverage,
but we should bear in mind that Mercator lived at a time when such knowledge was far from (10)
_________. He was the man who altered our worldview forever.
0. A. remained B. continued C. maintained D. endured
1. A. territory B. distance C. range D. expanse
a vast expanse of sea: 1 vùng biển bao la,rộng lớn
2. A. raised B. reared C. supplied D. nourished
If you nourish a imagination, feeling, belief, or plan, you think about it a lot and encourage it
3. A. congregate B. amass C. assimilate D. construct
Assimilate information : understand and remember new information and make it part of your basic
knowledge so that you can use it as your own : tiếp thu= absorb
4. A. suspended B. located C. situated D. attached
Suspend from heaven : treo lơ lửng trên bầu trời
5. A. inspection B. observation C. Perspective D. assessment
the visionary perspective: tầm nhìn xa trông rộng
6. A. glimpsing B. scrutinizing C. watching D. gazing
gaze down :chăm chú nhìn cái gì
7. A. invented B. contrived C. devised D. schemed
Devise : invent a plan, system, object, etc., usually using your intelligence or imagination
8. A. sheer B. full C. entire D. utter
The entire surface : toàn bộ bề mặt
9. A. pioneered B. initiated C. lead D. prepared
Pinoneer: to be the first person or organization to start work in a new area, introduce a new idea, etc.
10. A. typical B. common C. routine D. normal
far from common: rời xa thực tế,thông thường

Question 4
1. never/rarely 2. To 3. once
4. go 5. Themselves 6. Out 7. take
8. at 9. Turning 10. showing
Part 5 Read the passage and choose one of four options to answer the questions (10 points)
1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. D
6. B 7.C 8. C 9. B 10. C
 It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes
extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a change environment, it may perish. The exact causes of
a species’ death vary from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile
to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be adapt. Food resources may be
affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources.
Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the
death of a species.

The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have
also revealed that on some occasions many species became extinct at the same time - a mass extinction. One
of the best - known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs
and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million
years ago, when approximately 95 percent of all species died. Mass extinctions can be caused by a relatively
rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for
example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content
of Earth would drop, affection even organisms not living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead
to amass extinction. One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million
years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years. The periodic extinction might be due to
intersection of the earth’s orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some
researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may be
eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species’ survival may have nothing to do with
its ability or inability to adapt. If so, some of revolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially
random events.
1: The underlined word “ ultimately “ is closest in meaning to
A. exceptionally B. unfortunately
C. eventually D. dramatically
Ultimately=eventually= cuối cùng
2: What does the author say in paragraph 1 regarding most species in Earth’s history?
A. They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.
B. They have caused rapid change in the environment .
C. They have remained basically unchanged from their original forms
D. They are no longer in existence.
2: Tác giả nói gì trong đoạn 1 về hầu hết các loài trong lịch sử Trái đất?
A. Chúng có khả năng thích nghi với những thay đổi sinh thái.
B. Chúng đã gây ra sự thay đổi nhanh chóng trong môi trường.
C. Về cơ bản chúng vẫn không thay đổi so với dạng ban đầu
D. Chúng không còn tồn tại.
Clue: It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct.( Người ta ước
tính rằng hơn 99% tất cả các loài từng tồn tại đã tuyệt chủng.)
3: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as resulting from rapid ecological change?
A. Availability of food resources B. Introduction of new species
C. Temperature changes D. Competition among species
3: Điều nào sau đây KHÔNG được đề cập trong đoạn 1 như nguyên nhân gây ra sự thay đổi sinh thái nhanh
chóng?
A. Sự sẵn có của nguồn thức ăn B. Sự giới thiệu của các loài mới
C. Thay đổi nhiệt độ D. Cạnh tranh giữa các loài
Clue: For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be adapt. Food resources may be
affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources.
Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the
death of a species.
Ví dụ, nhiệt độ có thể thay đổi và một loài có thể không thích nghi. Nguồn thực phẩm có thể bị ảnh hưởng
bởi những thay đổi môi trường, sau đó sẽ gây ra các vấn đề đối với một loài cần những nguồn tài nguyên
này. Các loài khác có thể trở nên thích nghi tốt hơn với môi trường, dẫn đến sự cạnh tranh và cuối cùng là
cái chết của một loài.
4: The word “demise” is closest in meaning to
A. help B. death. C. recovery D. change
Demise=dealth = sự tuyệt chủng, cái chết
5: Why is “ plankton” mentioned in the second paragraph?
A. To emphasize the importance of food resources in preventing mass extinction
B. To illustrate a comparison between organisms that live on the land and those that live in the ocean
C. To point out that certain species could never become extinct
D. To demonstrate the interdependence of different species
5: Tại sao "sinh vật phù du" được đề cập trong đoạn thứ hai?
A. Để nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của nguồn lương thực trong việc ngăn chặn sự tuyệt chủng hàng loạt
B. Để minh họa sự so sánh giữa sinh vật sống trên cạn và sinh vật sống ở đại dương
C. Để chỉ ra rằng một số loài nhất định không bao giờ có thể bị tuyệt chủng
D. Để chứng minh sự phụ thuộc lẫn nhau của các loài khác nhau
Clue: Mass extinctions can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened
by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of
the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, affection even organisms not living
in the oceans.
Sự tuyệt chủng hàng loạt có thể được gây ra bởi sự thay đổi tương đối nhanh chóng của môi trường và có thể
trở nên tồi tệ hơn do mối quan hệ qua lại chặt chẽ của nhiều loài. Ví dụ, nếu điều gì đó xảy ra phá hủy phần
lớn sinh vật phù du trong các đại dương, thì hàm lượng ôxy của Trái đất sẽ giảm xuống, thậm chí cả các sinh
vật không sống trong đại dương cũng bị ảnh hưởng.
6: According to paragraph 2, evidence from fossils suggests that
A. There has been only one mass extinction in Earth’s history.
B. Extinction of species has occurred from time to time throughout Earth’s history.
C. Extinctions on Earth have generally been massive.
D. Dinosaurs became extinct much earlier than scientists originally believed.
6: Theo đoạn 2, bằng chứng từ các hóa thạch cho thấy rằng
A. Chỉ có một vụ tuyệt chủng hàng loạt duy nhất trong lịch sử Trái đất.
B. Sự tuyệt chủng của các loài diễn ra liên tục theo thời gian trong suốt lịch sử Trái đất.
C. Các cuộc tuyệt chủng trên Trái đất nói chung là rất lớn.
D. Khủng long đã tuyệt chủng sớm hơn nhiều so với tin tưởng ban
Clue: The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Những ghi chép
về hóa thạch tiết lộ rằng sự tuyệt chủng đã xảy ra trong suốt lịch sử Trái đất.
7: The underlined word “ finding” is closest in meaning to
A. published information
B. research method
C. scientific discovery.
D. ongoing experiment
Finding = scientific discovery= phát hiện,nghiên cứu khoa học
8: Which of the following can be inferred from the theory of periodic extinction mentioned in paragraph 3?
A. The theory is no longer seriously considered.
B. Most scientists believe the theory to be accurate.
C. Many scientists could be expected to disagree with it.
D. Evidence to support the theory has recently been found.
Điều nào sau đây có thể được suy ra từ lý thuyết về sự tuyệt chủng tuần hoàn được đề cập trong đoạn 3?
A. Lý thuyết không còn được coi trọng.
B. Hầu hết các nhà khoa học tin rằng lý thuyết này là chính xác.
C. Nhiều nhà khoa học có thể không đồng ý với nó.
D. Các bằng chứng hỗ trợ lý thuyết gần đây đã được tìm thấy.
Clue: The periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the earth’s orbit with a cloud of comets, but
this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be
random. (Sự tuyệt chủng định kỳ có thể là do sự giao nhau giữa quỹ đạo của trái đất với một đám mây sao
chổi, nhưng lý thuyết này hoàn toàn là suy đoán. Một số nhà nghiên cứu cũng đã suy đoán rằng sự tuyệt
chủng thường có thể là ngẫu nhiên.
9: In paragraph 3, the author makes which of the following statements about a species’ survival?
A. It is associated with astronomical condition
B. It may depend on chance events.
C. It does not vary greatly from species to species
D. It reflects the interrelationship of may species.
Trong đoạn 3, tác giả phát biểu nào sau đây về sự sống còn của một loài?
A. Nó gắn liền với điều kiện thiên văn
B. Nó có thể phụ thuộc vào các sự kiện may rủi.
C. Không thay đổi nhiều giữa các loài
D. Nó phản ánh mối quan hệ qua lại của các loài may.
Clue: A species’ survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt. If so, some of
revolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events.
Sự tồn tại của một loài có thể không liên quan gì đến khả năng hoặc không có khả năng thích nghi. Nếu vậy,
một số lịch sử cách mạng có thể phản ánh một chuỗi các sự kiện về cơ bản là ngẫu nhiên.
10: According to the passage, it is believed that the largest extinction of the species occurred
A. 65 million years ago B. 250 million years ago
C. 225 million years ago D. 26 million years ago

Part 6. Read the following passage then do the tasks that follow. (10 points)
1. ix 7. physical chemistry
2. ii 8. thermodynamics
3. vii 9. adapt
4. i 10. immortality
5. viii (7 and 8 can be in either order)
6. iv
HOW DOES THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK TICK?
A. Our life span is restricted. Everyone accepts this as 'biologically' obvious. ‘Nothing lives for ever!’
However, in this statement we think of artificially produced, technical objects, products which are subjected
to natural wear and tear during use. This leads to the result that at some time or other the object stops
working and is unusable ('death' in the biological sense). But are the wear and tear and loss of function of
technical objects and the death of living organisms really similar or comparable?
B. ix - Fundamental differences in ageing of objects and organisms
Our ‘dead’ products are ‘static’, closed systems. It is always the basic material which constitutes the object
and which, in the natural course of things, is worn down and becomes 'older’. Ageing in this case must occur
according to the laws of physical chemistry and of thermodynamics. Although the same law holds for a
living organism, the result of this law is not inexorable in the same way.( Lão hóa trong trường hợp này phải
xảy ra theo quy luật hóa học vật lý và nhiệt động lực học. Mặc dù quy luật tương tự cũng xảy ra cho một
sinh vật sống nhưng kết quả của quy luật này bất di bất dịch với cùng một cách.) At least as long as a
biological system has the ability to renew itself it could actually become older without ageing; an organism
is an open, dynamic system through which new material continuously flows. Destruction of old material and
formation of new material are thus in permanent dynamic equilibrium. The material of which the organism
is formed changes continuously. Thus our bodies continuously exchange old substance for new, just like a
spring which more or less maintains its form and movement, but in which the water molecules are always
different.
=> Sự khác biệt cơ bản trong quá trình lão hóa của các đối tượng và các sinh vật.
C. ii- Why dying is beneficial
Thus ageing and death should not be seen as inevitable, particularly as the organism possesses many
mechanisms for repair. It is not, in principle, necessary for a biological system to age and die. Nevertheless,
a restricted life span, ageing, and then death are basic characteristics of life. The reason for this is easy to
recognise: in nature, the existent organisms either adapt or are regularly replaced by new types. Because of
changes in the genetic material (mutations) these have new characteristics and in the course of their
individual lives they are tested for optimal or better adaptation to the environmental conditions. Immortality
would disturb this system - it needs room for new and better life. This is the basic problem of evolution (Bất
tử sẽ làm xáo trộn hệ thống này - phải có chỗ cho cuộc sống mới và tốt đẹp hơn chứ. Đây là vấn đề cơ bản
của quá trình tiến hóa.)
=> Tại sao chết là có lợi.
D. viiA stable life span despite improvements
Every organism has a life span which is highly characteristic. There are striking differences in life span
between different species, but within one species the parameter is relatively constant. For example, the
average duration of human life has hardly changed in thousands of years. Although more and more people
attain an advanced age as a result of developments in medical care and better nutrition, the characteristic
upper limit for most remains 80 years(.Mặc dù ngày càng có nhiều người cao tuổi do sự phát triển của dịch
vụ chăm sóc y tế và dinh dưỡng tốt hơn nhưng giới hạn tuỏi thọ đặc trưng cho hầu hết mọi người vẫn còn là
80 năm) A further argument against the simple wear and tear theory is the observation that the time within
which organisms age lies between a few days (even a few hours for unicellular organisms) and several
thousand years, as with mammoth trees.
=> Một tuổi thọ ổn định mặc dù có những cải tiến.
E. i The biological clock
If a lifespan is a genetically determined biological characteristic, it is logically necessary to propose the
existence of an internal clock, which in some way measures and controls the aging process and which finally
determines death as the last step in a fixed programme(Nếu tuổi thọ là một đặc tính sinh học được xác định
bởi mặt di truyền thì sẽ cần thiết và hợp lý khi đề xuất sự tồn tại của một đồng hồ bên trong cơ thể mà ở đó
có một số cách để đo lường và kiểm soát quá trình lão hóa và cuối cùng xác định cái chết như một bước cuối
cùng trong một chương trình cố định.). Like the fife span, the metabolic rate has for different organisms a
fixed mathematical relationship to the body mass. In comparison to the life span this relationship is
‘inverted’: the larger the organism the lower its metabolic rate. Again this relationship is valid not only for
birds, but also, similarly on average within the systematic unit, for all other organisms (plants, animals,
unicellular organisms).
=> Đồng hồ sinh học
F. viii Energy consumption
Animals which behave ‘frugally’ with energy become particularly old for example, crocodiles and
tortoises(Các động vật sử dụng ít năng lượng như cá sấu và rùa thì đặc biệt già (sống lâu).). Parrots and birds
of prey are often held chained up. Thus they are not able to ‘experience life’ and so they attain a high life
span in captivity. Animals which save energy by hibernation or lethargy (e.g. bats or hedgehogs) live much
longer than those which are always active,( Loài vật mà tiết kiệm năng lượng bằng cách ngủ đông hoặc ngủ
lờ phờ (ví dụ như dơi hay nhím) thì sống lâu hơn nhiều so với những con luôn luôn hoạt động. ) The
metabolic rate of mice can be reduced by a very low consumption of food (hunger diet) They then may live
twice as long as their well fed comrades. Women become distinctly (about 10 per cent) older than men. If
you examine the metabolic rates of the two sexes you establish that the higher male metabolic rate roughly
accounts for the lower male life span. That means that they live life ‘energetically’ - more intensively, but
not for as long.
=> Tiêu thụ năng lượng
G. iv Prolonging your life
It follows from the above that sparing use of energy reserves should tend to extend life
(.Nếu bạn làm theo các hướng dẫn ở trên để tiết kiệm việc sử dụng năng lượng dự trữ thì bạn có thể sẽ kéo
dài được tuổi thọ) Extreme high performance sports may lead to optimal cardiovascular performance, but
they quite certainly do not prolong life. Relaxation lowers metabolic rate, as does adequate sleep and in
general an equable and balanced personality. Each of us can develop his or her own ‘energy saving
programme’ with a little self observation, critical self-control and, above all, logical consistency. Experience
will show that to live in this way not only increases the life span but is also very healthy. This final aspect
should not be forgotten.
 Kéo dài tuổi thọ
Part 7. Matching
47 C. The ‘other’ factor here is label. The example illustrates how people can be mislead by a changed label
on potato crisps.
48 В. Reaction to green can be both positive and negative — a ripe cucumber or an unripe fruit.
49 D. The example in the middle of Paragraph D talks about people with poor colour perception and how it
affects their appetite.
50 A. The paragraph mentions two people who worked together to conduct an experiment in taste
preference.
51 D. The bottom half of the paragraph talks about a man who sustained an injury that impaired his colour
vision and it affected his food preferences dramatically.
52 A. ‘Food pictures masquerading as cookbooks’ is what the author meant here. This suggests that the
original idea of cookbooks (to help cooking by giving recipes) is overlooked in favour of just gazing at
highly-appetising pictures.
53 B. The blue and green meat examples are meant. Disgust = get sick.
54 D. The example with blind people shows how they are more capable of telling the slight differences in
taste, compared to people with sight.
55 C. Examples with Skittles and M&Ms — they colour each candy differently to subtly make us want to
eat more of them.
56 В. Example with green-dyed meat suggests that some would be unwilling to taste it: ‘your stomach
probably turns.

Part 8:
1. When she accepted the job, the au pair girl took it as read / for granted that she would be free every
weekend.
Take it as read=take sth for granted : cho điều gì là đúng,là hiển nhiên
2. In the summer, the locals are vastly outnumbered by the tourists.
Outnumber : to be greater in number than someone or something
3. He has a bee in his bonnet about the dishonesty of lawyers.
Have a bee in one’s bonnet: ám ảnh về điều gì
4. Tabloids are a different kettle of fish from quality newspapers.
Diffrent kettle of fish: hoàn toàn khác biệt,khác với ai/cái gì
5. She is half-Italian on her father’s side.
6. → Why our boss was cheesed off is not known.
Cheese off: anger or irritate someone
7. Hardly had he lost the match when he realized he was long in the tooth for competitions.
Be long in the tooth: quá tuổi,quá già
8. Hadn’t it been for the serious look on this face we would have let the cat out of the bag.
let the cat out of the bag: tiết lộ bí mật
9. You shouldn’t have spread yourself too thin.
spread yourself too thin: ôm đồm làm quá nhiều việc cùng một lúc
10. In his effort/attempt to ingratiate himself with his father-in-law, he would spare no expense.
Spare no expense : spend as much money as necessary to make something good, without worrying about the
cost

TEST 3

KEY
Phần 1:
Part 1 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. C
Part 2
6. T 7. F 8. F 9. F 10. T
Part 3
16. the well-being of animals 17. reported cruelty to animals
18. the disabling effects 19. prevention, cure or alleviation
20. Tidy Britain Group 21. share premises
22. funding of community care 23. carers of sufferers
24. from poverty and exploitation 25. the hand of locals
Tape scripts
Part 1
F1: I have Sam Boland and Jimmy Glynn here with me today to discuss an astonishing article that appeared
in the Herald yesterday about how Job Centre staff are actually advising graduates to dumb down their CVs
to stand a better chance of gaining employment. Your thoughts, gentlemen? Jimmy?
M1: Hmm, yes, I have to admit that my initial reaction when I read this article was, well, 'you've got to be
kidding me, right?' I mean, why in heaven's name would Job Centre employees, who are supposed to be
helping jobseekers to showcase their skills and find a job, be trying to deter them from highlighting their
achievements. It sounds, well, ridiculous actually. But then I thought about it some more, and I could see
where they were coming from on this. I mean, in its present state, the economy is in dire straits, and all most
graduates can hope to secure is a 'survival job'; one that they are probably overqualified for, but which they
desperately need to pay the bills. Their qualifications are largely irrelevant and these advisors may be trying
to do them a favour.
M2: Exactly Jimmy. I have to be honest with you, as an employer myself, I would be very wary of hiring
someone who is overqualified for a position; it can lead to all sorts of headaches for HR. The employee
might consider themselves 'above' the role and if that sort of sense of entitlement is detected in their work
colleagues, the work environment can become very hostile indeed. Moreover, if that is their attitude, they
are likely to resent what they do and this will inevitably lead to motivation issues and issues with poor
productivity. I would rather have someone less skilled who is grateful for the opportunity than that attitude
any day; there are no doubts that there is a stigma around graduates.
M1: But it is odd, isn't it, that they are being asked to dumb the old CV down? I mean, when we were fresh
out of college, the trick to landing a job was always to embellish your achievements. How times have
changed! I agree with Sam that the advisors are probably trying to be helpful and do graduate jobseekers a
favour - and, goodness knows, they need all the help they can get. Nearly a quarter now remain unemployed
for at least a year after they graduate, while one in ten is still on benefits 18 months later. The situation has
hit crisis point.
M2: It's sad actually - really heart-rending - to see a generation, who grew up being fed ideas about the
importance of getting a degree and how it would open all sorts of doors up to them in later life and more or
less make success a foregone conclusion, well, to see them being humiliated, and to see their hopes being
crushed is just tragic. I agree that some probably do feel a sense of entitlement and are bit ter, but I can
empathise with them in the sense that it is the government that built up their hopes promoting the degree
route as a highway to success, and now there is nothing for them out there. In good faith, many of these kids
have slogged their guts out to get these paper qualifications, only to discover that, in the real world, they
count for nothing anymore.
M1: That's a very good point. We do need to help these people and not ridicule them and paint them as
privileged and spoilt failures, which the vast majority are most certainly not. And we should also remember
that it is because of our generation's mistakes that they are in the precarious situation they find themselves:
the new generation is paying for our incompetence. Graduates were not complicit in the banking crisis, our
banking peers were. Graduates did not enact the misguided policies which burdened this nation with debt for
generations to come, our political peers did. And we, the members of the ordinary public, voted for them, so
we have a hand in the chaos, too. In truth, we owe them something, so their sense of entitlement, although
very unbecoming, is not entirely misplaced.
M2: Agreed; we need to help them not criticise them. Personally, I am in favour of some sort of scheme
where companies are encouraged to take on unemployed graduate interns, on a temporary basis.
M2: Very nice; hear, hear! I would also suggest a shift in focus for future education campaigns. This
generation was duped by the government into believing that any old degree would do, but the truth is
college-goers need to be very selective in this competitive age about what course they study. We need to be
encouraging people to get 120 into IT, maths, the sciences and so forth. The Arts and Humanities are all
very nice, but, in the present job climate, they won't take you too far, know what I mean? Besides, we should
be trying to turn Britain into one of the world's leading centres of excellence in the fields of science,
technology, and research and development, but, at present, we have a dearth of qualified persons capable of
filling these kinds of roles, and companies - foreign ones especially - recognise that and are slow to invest.

Part 2
Presenter: Walk into any bookshop and there are self-help manuals on every aspect of human behaviour,
including how to cope with difficult partners, awkward bosses, contrary children - but very little on how to
manage friendships. 'Managing' friendships sounds cold, but it's essential if you value them and want to keep
them, or want to learn when it's time to let them go. Your friendship landscape changes through life. You
marry and have less in common with single friends. You move and keeping up with old friends proves hard.
Sometimes the changes are more subtle: you experience a life crisis and some friends can't or won't support
you. You become successful and friends feel awkward around you. Change in one of you means the fit
between you alters. That's when you find out if the relationship has the capacity to evolve, or if it's just come
to a natural end. In the studio today we have Barbara Smith, a psychologist. Barbara, welcome to the show.
Barbara: Thank you John. Well, there's only one rule of friendship: it must be mutually beneficial.
Friendships can be put into categories. Firstly, let's look at the foul-weather friend. On the surface, this is a
totally dependable, loyal friend, particularly when you are having a bad time. But the downside with this
foul-weather friend is that they'll put a dampener on you when you're up, forever pointing out what can go
wrong. They are rarely looking for a more balanced relationship: their self-esteem may be invested in their
superior feeling that you are a bit of a disaster area, and they have every thing under control. When actually,
of course, the opposite is true.
Presenter: Now, you've got a category called the trophy friend, haven't you? What do you mean by that
exactly?
Barbara: Ah yes. That's the friend that you admire because they are so interesting and popular, or successful
in a way you want to be. You can bathe in their reflected glory and feel part of a different social sphere but
you must remember that this isn't necessarily the world you fit into. If they are nice as well, this relationship
can bring out the best in you, as you stretch it to be deserving of the friendship. But beware if being with
them makes you behave falsely so that you are not true to yourself or to others. This situation can only lead
to a downfall and great disappointment.
Presenter: What about the friend since childhood who you grew up with?
Barbara: The sisterly friend. She might live next door or have gone to school with you. Over the years you
have built up a strong relationship that makes her feel more like a sister than a friend. On the plus side, she
can bring a real sense of security and support. You can ring her any time and confide in her. She can be a
powerful ally, but because she'll be there whether you like it or not, she has the power to make you
miserable if you don't keep her informed and involved in your life. This friend is like family, you're so close
it can become claustrophobic. For example, if you start a new relationship, she'll expect to be as big a part of
your life as she's always been. Then you need to define clear boundaries.
Presenter: But that sounds like the kind of friend you'd want to hang on to on the whole. So how can you
make the decision who a good friend really is and who is no longer a valid person to have in your life?
Barbara: Well, good friends should be low maintenance - and that goes for you too. See enough of each
other to keep the rapport going: neither demand too much nor avoid so frequently that the relationship
becomes unbalanced. If it's always a moan session, or one of you is often looking for favours or support, the
goodwill will soon burn out. It's always important to be open to making new friends too. Most of us want to
see people who make us feel good. It doesn't mean you have to be a barrel of laughs all the time (which can
be off-putting); it's about showing real interest, being light-hearted and not too obviously needy. Don't force
the pace. Some people need time to get to know you better. It's best to be pleasant and casual. Don't
bombard them with too many invitations. Don't assume that one good heart-to-heart makes you best friends.
Respect their time and other commitments and the friendship will blossom naturally in time.

Part 3
These days there are thousands of charities round the world and it is possible to donate money to help
people, animals and places.
The RSPCA (Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) was the first organisation dedicated to
the well-being of animals anywhere in the world. In England and Wales alone, the RSPCA employ more
than three hundred inspectors whose job it is to investigate reported cruelty to animals. The SPCA was set
up in London in 1824. At this time it was considered strange that people should care about cruelty to
animals. They were regarded as either food, transport or sport. In 1840 Queen Victoria gave the organisation
permission to be called a royal society: The RSPCA. These days there are almost two hundred branches in
the UK.
The RNIB (Royal National Institute of the Blind) is the UK’s leading charity for the blind. Sight loss is one
of the most common disabilities in the UK with over a million people suffering from either partial or total
blindness. The RNIB challenges the disabling effects of sight loss by providing information and offering
practical services to help people lead as normal a life as possible. The organisation also works on the
underlying causes of blindness working towards its prevention, cure or alleviation. The RNIB have centres
all over the UK.
TBG (Tidy Britain Group) is an independent national charity fighting to improve the quality of the local
environment. They aim to make people more aware of the negative effects of litter, dog fouling, graffiti and
vandalism and to get everyone involved in doing their bit to keep Britain clean. The work of the TBG is
done mainly through campaigning. Volunteers work closely with councils and businesses to organise
educational programmes designed to raise awareness of the problems. The TBG’s sister organisation, Going
for Green, concentrates on pollution issues. The two groups share premises and have the same Chief
Executive.
Mencap is a charity which is dedicated to fighting against discrimination towards those people who suffer
from any kind of learning disability. Most of Mencap’s work is campaigning. People with learning
disabilities are disadvantaged because of discrimination and lack of funding of community care. Mencap
raises awareness by working at local, national and European levels to raise the profile of those issues that
affect people with learning disabilities. It also provides services of education, housing and employment as
well as support and advice for families and carers of sufferers.
EveryChild is a relatively new charity which was created when two existing organisations, the CCFGB
(The Christian Children’s Fund of Great Britain) and the ECT (European children’s Trust) decided to merge
in 1983. The organisation works with children, families and communities in twelve countries. The
organisation believes that every child has the right to grow up and develop to their full potential in a secure,
safe, family environment, free from poverty and exploitation. EveryChild identifies the needs of a particular
community and then sets up sustainable projects to ensure that children in these communities have basic
rights such as healthcare, education, social services and community development. EveryChild sets up the
projects so that they are self running. The organisation then moves on to new projects, leaving things in the
hand of locals.
Phần 2:
Part 1: A. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (10pts)
1C 2B 3B 4C 5D 6B 7A 8B 9D 10A

1. I just want to settle _____ and start a family before I got too old.
A. in B. through C. down D. up
Settle down = start living in a place where you intend to stay for a long time, usually with your partner
2. She spent twenty years studying the history of London. She knows it _____ out.
A. through B. inside C. all D. over
Know it inside out = know everything about a subject
3. Capital punishment was done ____ in Britain nearly half a century ago.
A. out for B. away with C. off by D. over from
Do away with = get rid of something or stop using something
4. He wants to pay the bill himself, but I won’t hear _________ it.
A. from B. about C. of D. for
not hear of sth=If you say you will not hear of something, you mean you will not allow it, usually when you
want to do something good for someone
5. This situation is analogous _____ the one we had faced last year.
A. for B. in C. from D. to
Analogous to= having similar features to another thing and therefore able to be compared with it
6. When John was arrested for drunken driving, he expected to lose his driving license, but he was _____
with a fine.
A. let through B. let off C. got away D. kept away
Let off= not punish someone who has committed a crime or done something wrong, or to not punish them
severely
7. My wife checks ___________ our elderly neighbour every few days to make sure that he's alright.
A. on B. in C. at D. out
Check on = to look at someone or something in order to make sure that they are safe, correct, etc.
8. The rain ran _____ the roof of the house.
A. on B. onto C. from D. into
run onto (something)=To drive (a car or boat) onto something or some surface. A noun or pronoun can
be used between "run" and "onto" to specify what is being driven.
9. You may come _____ different kinds of problems when you first settle in a different country.
A. out with B. into C. up with D. up against
Come up against =Đối mặt với vấn đề hoặc tình trạng khó khăn
10. A Japanese company tried to ____________ the deal.
A. get in on B. get on with C. catch up on D. walk in on
get in on sth=to start to take part in an activity that is already happening because you will win an advantage
from it: tham gia hoạt động
B. IDIOMS & COLLOCATIONS (10pts)
1C 2A 3C 4D 5B 6D 7A 8D 9B 10C
1. I’m sick and _______ of studying grammar.
A. cross B. ill C. tired D. bored
Be sick and tired of = have experienced too much of someone or something with the result that you are
annoyed
2. She loves reading – she always has her _______ in a book.
A. nose B. eyes C. face D brow
have one’s nose in a book: lúc nào cũng đọc sách
3. Mice ________!
A. give me creeps B. give me the creep
C. give me the creeps D. give me creep
give me the creeps= hey make you feel nervous and a little frightened, especially because they are strange
4. When his parents are away, his eldest brother ___.
A. knocks it off B. calls the shots C. draws the line D. is in the same boat
knocks it off= used to tell someone to stop doing something that annoys you
calls the shots= to be in the position of being able to make the decisions that will influence a situation
draw the line = never do something because you think it is wrong
in the same boat= cùng chung caanhr ngộ,hoàn cảnh
5. I will do everything in my ___________ to rescue the victims.
A. ability B. power C. mind D. effort
Do sth in one’s power = làm điều gì trong hết khả năng của mình
6. Be careful or he'll take you for a _________.
A. trick B. cheat C. fraud D. ride
Take sb for s ride = lừa gạt ai đó
7. Just because Laura makes a lot of money, everyone expects her to _____ all the bills.
A. foot B. stand C. run D. carry
Foot the bill= thanh toán hóa đơn ,trả tiền
8. My sister told me to pack some trousers and shirts for the trip, _________, not to forget my toothbrush.
A. after all B. but more or less C. before long D. but above all
but above all=trên hết
9. His English was roughly _____ with my Greek, so communication was rather difficult!
A. level B. on a par C. equal D. in tune
on (a) par with someone/something=equal or similar to someone or something
10. I didn’t want to make a decision _____ so I said I’d like to think about it.
A. on and off B. in one go C. there and then D. at a stroke
there and then=ngay lập tức
on and off= thi thoảng,thỉnh thoảng
in one go=All at one time or in one attempt.
at a stroke= with a single effort=bằng một hành động duy nhất tức khắc
Part 2:
Line Mistakes Corrections
1. 1 locking locked
2. 2 like as
3. 3 in since
4. 5 the an
5. 5 knowing known
6. 9 though despite
7. 9 that which
8. 11 changing change
9. 13 revolutionarily revolutionary
10. 15 finding findings

Part 3: Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. Write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (10 pts)
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. D 9. C 10. A

The word OK is ubiquitous in modern English but its origins remain (1) _______ in mystery. Over the years,
many theories have been (2) ______ regarding its derivation but none of them is (3) _______ convincing.
The first recorded written use of OK was in 1839, when it appeared in a newspaper article in Boston,
Massachusetts. There was a (4) _______ for wacky acronyms at the time, just as today's text messages use
things like 'LOL', and OK allegedly originated as a misspelling of All Correct. But (5) ______ many of these
acronyms flourished briefly and then gradually (6) _______ out of use, OK has proved to be remarkably (7)
_______. It first reached England in 1870, where it appeared in the words of a popular song, and today is in
(8) _______ use across the English-speaking world. As part of a phrase ' …. rules OK', it has been a
mainstay of urban graffiti since the 1930s and in 1969 it had the (9) ______ of being the first word spoken
on the moon. In short, it's a (10) _______ useful word.
1. A. shrouded B. smothered C. clothed D. draped
be shrouded in secrecy/mystery=to be very secret or mysterious
2. A. laid out B. put forward C. drawn up D. brought about
Put forward = state an idea or opinion, or to suggest a plan or person, for other people to consider
3. A. widely B. mainly C. wholly D. largely
Wholly convice =hoàn toàn thuyết phục
4. A. hype B. craze C. rage D. whim
Craze for= state an idea or opinion, or to suggest a plan or person, for other people to consider
5. A. despite B. albeit C. whereas D. providing
6. A. slipped B. faded C. crept D. strayed
Slip out of sth= remove clothing quickly and easily
7. A. resolute B. stalwart C. steadfast D. resilient
Resilient= able to be happy, successful, etc. again after something difficult or bad has happened// able to
quickly return to its usual shape after being bent, stretched, or pressed
8. A. staunch B. relentless C. durable D. constant
in constant use=sử dụng liên tục ,không ngừng nghỉ
9. A. credit B. pride C. honour D. acclaim
have the honour of doing something =used for saying that you are proud to be able to do something
10. A. phenomenally B. ordinarily C. conclusively D. controversially
Phenomenally= extremely, especially in a way that is surprising

Part 4: Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space. Write your answers in
the corresponding numbered boxes. (15 pts)
1. high 2. mere 3. against 4. roots 5. rewards
6. maintain 7. unrest 8. served 9. while 10. large

Part 5: Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each question.(15pts)
1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. D
6. B 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. B
Learning to Run
An article published recently in the prestigious scientific journal Nature is shedding new light on an
important, but hitherto little appreciated, aspect of human evolution. In this article, Professors Dennis
Bramble and Daniel Lieberman suggest that the ability to run was a crucial factor in the development of our
species. According to the two scientists, humans possess a number of anatomical features that make them
surprisingly good runners. ‘We are very confident that strong selection for running (A) ____was
instrumental in the origin of the modern human body form,’ says Bramble, a biology professor at the
University of Utah. Traditional thinking up to now has been that the distinctive, upright body form of
modern humans has come about as a result of the ability to walk, and that running is simply a by-product of
walking.
Furthermore, humans have usually been regarded as poor runners compared to such animals as dogs, horses
or antelopes. However, this is only true if we consider fast running, or sprinting, over short distances. Even
an Olympic athlete can hardly run as fast as a horse can gallop, and can only keep up a top speed for fifteen
seconds or so. Horses, antelopes and greyhounds, on the other hand, can run at top speed for several
minutes, clearly outperforming us in this respect.
But when it comes to long-distance running, humans do astonishingly well (B)_____ They can maintain a
steady pace for miles, and their overall speed compares favourably with that of horses or dogs.
Bramble and Lieberman examined twenty-six anatomical features found in humans. One of the most
interesting of these is the nuchal ligament, a band of tissue that extends from a ridge on the base of the skull
to the spine. When we run, it is this ligament that prevents our head from pitching back and forth or from
side to side. Therefore, we are able to run with steady heads, held high. The nuchal ligament (C)_____is not
found in any other surviving primates, although the fossil record shows that Homo erectus, an early human
species that walked upright, much as we do, also had one. Then there are our Achilles tendons at the backs
of our legs, which connect our calf muscles to our heel bones - and which have nothing to do with walking.
When we run, these behave like springs, helping to propel us forward. Furthermore, we have low, wide
shoulders, virtually disconnected from our skulls, an anatomical adaptation which allows us to run more
efficiently. Add to this our light forearms, which swing out of phase with the movement of our legs to assist
balance, and one begins to appreciate the point that Bramble and Lieberman are trying to make.

But what evolutionary advantage is gained from being good long-distance runners? One hypothesis is that
this ability may have permitted early humans to obtain food more effectively. ‘What these features and fossil
facts appear to be telling us is that running evolved in order for our direct ancestors to compete with other
carnivores for access to the protein needed to grow the big brains that we enjoy today,’ says Lieberman.
Some scientists speculate that early humans may have pursued animals for miles in order to exhaust them
before killing them. Running would also have conferred an advantage before weapons were invented: early
humans might have been scavengers, eating the meat and marrow left over from a kill by lions or other large
predators. They may have been alerted to the existence of a freshly-killed carcass by vultures (D)____, and
the faster they got to the scene of the kill, the better.
‘Research on the history of human locomotion has traditionally been contentious,’ says Lieberman. ’At the
very least, I hope this theory will make many people have second thoughts about how humans learned to run
and walk and why we are built the way we are.’
1. According to the text, the human ability to run…..
A. was only recently described in a scientific journal.
B. is now regarded as more important than the ability to climb trees.
C. played an important part in human evolution.
D. is surprising when we consider evolutionary trends.
1. Theo văn bản, khả năng chạy của con người… ..
A. chỉ mới được mô tả gần đây trên một tạp chí khoa học.
B. bây giờ được coi là quan trọng hơn khả năng leo cây.
C. đã góp phần quan trọng trong quá trình tiến hóa của loài người.
D. là đáng ngạc nhiên khi chúng ta xem xét các xu hướng tiến hóa
Clue: In this article, Professors Dennis Bramble and Daniel Lieberman suggest that the ability to run was a
crucial factor in the development of our species
Trong bài báo này, Giáo sư Dennis Bramble và Daniel Lieberman cho rằng khả năng chạy là một yếu tố
quan trọng trong sự phát triển của chúng ta.
2. According to the text, scientists used to believe……….
A. that the human body owes its form to the ability to walk.
B. the human ability to walk adversely affected the ability to run.
C. that only modern humans could walk upright.
D. that humans can run because they stand upright.
Clue: ‘We are very confident that strong selection for running (A) ...was instrumental in the origin of the
modern human body form,’ says Bramble, a biology professor at the University of Utah. Traditional
thinking up to now has been that the distinctive, upright body form of modern humans has come about as a
result of the ability to walk, and that running is simply a by-product of walking.
Chúng tôi rất tin tưởng rằng sự lựa chọn mạnh mẽ để chạy (A) ... là công cụ tạo nên hình dạng cơ thể người
hiện đại. Suy nghĩ truyền thống từ trước đến nay cho rằng hình dáng cơ thể thẳng đứng đặc biệt của con
người hiện đại là kết quả của khả năng đi bộ, và chạy đơn giản chỉ là sản phẩm phụ của việc đi bộ
3.According to the text, humans……………
A. are better runners than most other animals.
B are not good at running short distances.
C. cannot run at top speed for long distances.
D. compare unfavourably with horses and dogs.
3.Theo văn bản, con người ……………
A. là những người chạy tốt hơn hầu hết các động vật khác.
B không giỏi chạy cự ly ngắn.
C. không thể chạy với vận tốc như khi bắt đầu trong quãng đường dài.
D. so sánh bất lợi với ngựa và chó.
Clue: Even an Olympic athlete can hardly run as fast as a horse can gallop, and can only keep up a top speed
for fifteen seconds or so. Horses, antelopes and greyhounds, on the other hand, can run at top speed for
several minutes, clearly outperforming us in this respect.
Ngay cả một vận động viên Olympic cũng khó có thể chạy nhanh như một con ngựa có thể phi nước đại, và
chỉ có thể duy trì tốc độ tối đa trong mười lăm giây hoặc lâu hơn. Mặt khác, ngựa, linh dương và chó săn
xám có thể chạy với tốc độ tối đa trong vài phút, rõ ràng là vượt trội hơn chúng ta về mặt này.
4. It appears that the nuchal ligament………
A. is found only in modern primates.
B. is associated with the ability to run.
C. prevents the head from moving.
D. is a unique anatomical feature.
4. Dường như dây chằng sau gáy ………
A. chỉ có ở các loài linh trưởng hiện đại.
B. gắn liền với khả năng chạy.
C. ngăn cản đầu chuyển động.
D. là một đặc điểm giải phẫu độc đáo.
Clue: ne of the most interesting of these is the nuchal ligament, a band of tissue that extends from a ridge on
the base of the skull to the spine. When we run, it is this ligament that prevents our head from pitching back
and forth or from side to side. Therefore, we are able to run with steady heads, held high
Một trong những điều thú vị nhất trong số này là dây chằng nuchal, một dải mô kéo dài từ sườn trên nền hộp
sọ đến cột sống. Khi chúng ta chạy, chính dây chằng này sẽ ngăn đầu của chúng ta ném qua lại hoặc từ bên
này sang bên kia. Do đó, chúng ta có thể chạy với những cái đầu vững vàng, ngẩng cao đầu.
5. The text implies that……………
A. we do not need calf muscles in order to walk.
B. without shoulders we could not run very fast.
C. the movement of our forearms is out of phase.
D. our Achilles tendons are an adaptation for running.
Clue: Then there are our Achilles tendons at the backs of our legs, which connect our calf muscles to our
heel bones - and which have nothing to do with walking. When we run, these behave like springs, helping to
propel us forward
Sau đó, có các gân Achilles ở phía sau của chân, kết nối cơ bắp chân với xương gót chân - và không liên
quan gì đến việc đi bộ. Khi chúng ta chạy, chúng hoạt động giống như những chiếc lò xo, giúp đẩy chúng ta
về phía trước.
6. The pronoun “these” in the third paragraph refers to……………
A. legs B. tendons C. muscles D. bones
7. According to the text, early humans…………
A. killed animals by exhausting them.
B. may have evolved big brains for running.
C. competed with other animals for food.
D. could probably run before they could walk.
7. Theo văn bản, loài người sơ khai …………
A. giết động vật bằng cách làm chúng kiệt sức.
B. có thể đã tiến hóa bộ não lớn để chạy.
C. cạnh tranh thức ăn với các động vật khác.
D. có lẽ có thể chạy trước khi họ có thể đi bộ
Clue: What these features and fossil facts appear to be telling us is that running evolved in order for our
direct ancestors to compete with other carnivores for access to the protein needed to grow the big brains that
we enjoy today,’ says Lieberman.
8. Professor Lieberman hopes to…………….
A. dispel any remaining doubts about the nature of the human body.
B. prove conclusively that humans did not always walk in an upright position.
C. make people reconsider previously-held ideas about human anatomy.
D. inform people of the real reason why humans are able to run and walk.
8. Giáo sư Lieberman hy vọng sẽ …………….
A. xua tan mọi nghi ngờ còn lại về bản chất của cơ thể con người.
B. chứng minh một cách kết luận rằng con người không phải lúc nào cũng bước đi trong tư thế thẳng đứng.
C. làm cho mọi người xem xét lại những ý tưởng đã có trước đây về giải phẫu người.
D. thông báo cho mọi người về lý do thực sự tại sao con người có thể chạy và đi bộ.
Clue: Research on the history of human locomotion has traditionally been contentious,’ says Lieberman. ’At
the very least, I hope this theory will make many people have second thoughts about how humans learned to
run and walk and why we are built the way we are.’
9. Which of the following spaces can the relative clause “- which came at the expense of the historical
ability to live in trees -” fit?
A. (A)
B. (B)
C. (C)
D. (D)
10. The word “conferred” in the fourth paragraph can be best replaced by
A. give out
B. bring about
C. refer to
D. make out
Conferred =bring out = mang lại
Part 6: Read the following passage and do the tasks that follows .(15pts)
A
As far back as Hippocrates’ time (460-370B.C.), people have tried to understand other people by
characterizing them according to personality type or temperament. Hippocrates believed there were four
different body fluids that influenced four basic types of temperament. His work was further developed 500
years later by Galen. These days there are a number of self-assessment tools that relate to the basic
descriptions developed by Galen, although we no longer believe the source to be the types of body fluid that
dominate our systems.
B vii The benefits of understanding communication styles

The value in self-assessments that help determine personality style, learning styles, communication styles,
conflict-handling styles, or other aspects of individuals is that they help depersonalize conflict in
interpersonal relationships (Giá trị trong việc tự đánh giá giúp xác định phong cách nhân cách, phong cách
học tập, phong cách giao tiếp, phong cách xử lý xung đột hoặc các khía cạnh khác của cá nhân là chúng giúp
làm giảm xung đột trong mối quan hệ giữa các cá nhân)
.The depersonalization occurs when you realize that others aren’t trying to be difficult, but they need
different or more information than you do. They’re not intending to be rude: they are so focused on the task
they forget about greeting people. They would like to work faster but not at the risk of damaging the
relationships needed to get the job done. They understand there is a job to do, but it can only be done right
with the appropriate information, which takes time to collect. When used appropriately, understanding
communication styles can help resolve conflict on teams(. Khi được sử dụng một cách thích hợp, việc hiểu
các phong cách giao tiếp có thể giúp giải quyết xung đột trong nhóm )Very rarely are conflicts of true
personality issues. Usually, they are issues of style, information needs, or focus.
.-> Lợi ích của việc hiểu phong cách giao tiếp
Ci Summarising personality types

Hippocrates and later Galen determined there were four basic temperaments: sanguine, phlegmatic,
melancholic and choleric.(Hip và sau này Galen đã xác định ra 4 tính khí cơ bản là : lạc quan,lãnh đạm,sầu
muộn và hay nổi nóng)
These descriptions were developed centuries ago and they are still somewhat apt, although you could update
the wording. In today’s world, they translate into the four fairly common communication styles described
below:
-> Tổng hợp các kiểu tính cách
D iv A lively person who encourages

The sanguine=lively person would be the expressive or spirited style of communication.

(Người lạc quan sẽ là người có phong cách giao tiếp biểu cảm hoặc tinh thần)
These people speak in pictures. They invest a lot of emotion and energy in their communication and often
speak quickly, putting their whole body into it. They are easily sidetracked onto a story that may or may not
illustrate the point they are trying to make. Because of their enthusiasm, they are great team motivators=
encourage : Bởi vì sự nhiệt tình của họ, họ là động lực tuyệt vời cho đội
. They are concerned about people and relationships. Their high levels of energy can come on strong at times
and their focus is usually on the bigger picture, which means they sometimes miss the details or the proper
order of things. These people find conflict or differences of opinion invigorating and love to engage in a
spirited discussion. They love change and are constantly looking for new and exciting adventures.
E ix Factual and analytical personality

The phlegmatic person - cool and persevering - translates into the technical or systematic communication
style. This style of communication is focused on facts and technical details. =factual and analytical
Phlegmatic people have an orderly methodical way of approaching tasks, and their focus is very much on the
task, not on the people, emotions, or concerns that the task may evoke. The focus is also more on the details
necessary to accomplish a task. Sometimes the details overwhelm the big picture and focus needs to be
brought back to the context of the task. People with this style think the facts should speak for themselves,
and they are not as comfortable with conflict. They need time to adapt to change and need to understand
both the logic of it and the steps involved.( Họ cần thời gian để thích ứng với sự thay đổi và cần hiểu cả
logic của nó và các bước liên quan.) => analytical

F viii Cautious and caring

The melancholic person who is soft hearted and oriented toward doing things for others, translates into the
considerate or sympathetic communication style (Người đa sầu đa cảm, có trái tim mềm yếu và hướng đến
việc làm cho người khác, được chuyển thành phong cách giao tiếp ân cần hoặc thông cảm)
. A person with this communication style is focused on people and relationships. They are good listeners and
do things for other people-sometimes to the detriment of getting things done for themselves=> Caring .
They want to solicit everyone’s opinion and make sure everyone is comfortable with whatever is required to
get the job done(Họ muốn thu thập ý kiến của mọi người và đảm bảo rằng mọi người đều cảm thấy thoải mái
với bất cứ điều gì được yêu cầu để hoàn thành công việc) => Cautious . At times this focus on others can
distract from the task at hand. Because they are so concerned with the needs of others and smoothing over
issues, they do not like conflict.( Bởi vì họ rất quan tâm đến nhu cầu của người khác và giải quyết các vấn đề
một cách suôn sẻ, họ không thích xung đột)=> Caring They believe that change threatens the status quo
and tends to make people feel uneasy, so people with this communication style, like phlegmatic people, need
time to consider the changes in order to adapt to them.

Gv Demanding and unsympathetic personality

The choleric temperament translates into the bold or direct style of communication. People with this style
are brief in their communication - the fewer words the better. They are big picture thinkers and love to be
involved in many things at once. They are focused on tasks and outcomes and often forget that the people
involved in carrying out the tasks have needs. => únsympathetic
They don’t do detail work easily and as a result, can often underestimate how much time it takes to achieve
the task. Because they are so direct, they often seem forceful and can be very intimidating to others. They
usually would welcome someone challenging them, but most other styles are afraid to do so. They also
thrive on change, the more the better.( Họ không thực hiện công việc chi tiết một cách dễ dàng và do đó,
thường có thể đánh giá thấp thời gian cần thiết để đạt được nhiệm vụ. Bởi vì họ rất bộc trực, họ thường có vẻ
mạnh mẽ và có thể rất đáng sợ đối với người khác. Họ thường chào đón ai đó thách thức họ, nhưng hầu hết
các phong cách khác đều sợ làm như vậy. Họ cũng phát triển mạnh theo sự thay đổi, càng nhiều càng tốt)

 Tính cách không thông cảm cho mọi việc,người ưa thích thử thách,đòi hỏi
H
A well-functioning team should have all of these communication styles for true effectiveness. All teams
need to focus on the task, and they need to take care of relationships in order to achieve those tasks. They
need the big picture perspective or the context of their work, and they need the details to be identified and
taken care of for success. We all have aspects of each style within us. Some of us can easily move from one
style to another and adapt our style to the needs of the situation at hand-whether the focus is on tasks or
relationships. For others, a dominant style is very evident, and it is more challenging to see the situation
from the perspective of another style. The work environment can influence communication styles either by
the type of work that is required or by the predominance of one style reflected in that environment. Some
people use one style at work and another at home.

The good news about communication styles is that we have the ability to develop flexibility in our styles.
The greater the flexibility we have, the more skilled we usually are at handling possible and actual conflicts.
Usually, it has to be relevant to us to do so, either because we think it is important or because there are
incentives in our environment to encourage it. The key is that we have to want to become flexible with our
communication style. As Henry Ford said, “Whether you think you can or you can’t, you’re right!”

Questions 7-10
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage. Write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
7. It is believed that sanguine people dislike variety. F
Clue: They love change and are constantly looking for new and exciting adventures. Para D
8. Melancholic and phlegmatic people have similar characteristics. T
Clue: so people with this communication style, like phlegmatic people, need time to consider the changes
in order to adapt to them. – Para D câu cuối
9. Managers often select their best employees according to personality types. NG

10. It is possible to change one’s personality type.T Para H

Clue: -Some of us can easily move from one style to another and adapt our style to the needs of the situation
at hand-whether the focus is on tasks or relationships
The good news about communication styles is that we have the ability to develop flexibility in our styles.
Part 7. You are going to read a newspaper article in which people talk about their experiences at job
interviews. For question 1-10, choose from the people (A-F)(10 pts)
1. A 2. E 3. C 4. E 5. B
6. D 7. F 8. C 9. D 10.A
the importance of keeping to the point 1………….
awareness of body language 2…………..
sources of information about your prospective employer 3………….
taking responsibility for past errors 4………….
appearing to have rehearsed responses 5………….
preparing inquiries to put to a prospective employer 6………….
foreseeing the consequences of feeling apprehensive 7………….
indicating that you view the interview as a transaction 8………….
a relaxed atmosphere in the workplace 9………….
advantages in being honest about your failings 10…………

Tell us Something about Yourself

Being interviewed for a job can be a stressful experience. We asked six people what they learnt from being
in that situation.
A. My first interview for a job taught me a great deal. I was applying for the position of junior account
executive in an advertising company, which involves dealing with clients on a face-to-face basis. It follows
that you have to be good at interpersonal skills, and unfortunately, that’s not the impression I gave. Like a
lot of people, I tend to babble when I’m nervous. The interviewer began by asking me to say something
about myself, and I started talking about my hobbies. Q1. But I got carried away and went off at a tangent,
which made a bad impression.Q10 The other lesson I learnt was that if you are asked what your weaknesses
are, you really shouldn’t be evasive lảng tránh. You could mention a weakness that can also be a strength.
For example, being pedantic is not always a bad thing in certain circumstances, and you should explain how
you cope with that weakness, but you have to say something.( Bạn có thể đề cập đến điểm yếu cũng có thể là
điểm mạnh. Ví dụ, không phải lúc nào cũng là điều xấu trong một số trường hợp nhất định, và bạn nên giải
thích cách bạn đối phó với điểm yếu đó, nhưng bạn phải nói điều gì đó.) Q10
B. In my present job I have to interview applicants, and I can offer a few general tips. Firstly, a candidate
should not learn a speech off by heart; you will come across as insincere, as if you have practiced everything
in front of a minor. Thứ nhất, một ứng viên không nên học bài diễn thuyết thuộc lòng; bạn sẽ bắt gặp như
không thành thật, như thể bạn đã thực hành mọi thứ trước gương Q5. Secondly, it is crucial to understand
what the interviewer wants you to talk about. For instance, an interviewer might ask about a situation where
your supervisor or manager had a problem with your work. Now, what the interviewer is really after is to see
how you react to criticism, and the best thing is to say that you tried to learn from this. Finally, don’t try to
conceal your real character. When I was interviewed for a job many years ago, the interviewer asked me at
the end of our talk if I had any questions. I was very keen to get the job, so I asked what opportunities there
were for promotion if I were hired. I wondered if perhaps I had been too direct, but I later discovered that
employers like you to seem eager, and I think they were impressed by my enthusiasm and ambition.

C. One good way to prepare for an interview is to find out as much as you can about the company you have
applied to from its website and promotional material. Một cách tốt để chuẩn bị cho một cuộc phỏng vấn là
tìm hiểu càng nhiều càng tốt về công ty bạn đã ứng tuyển từ trang web và tài liệu quảng cáo của họ.Q3
When you are asked if you have any questions, you can show that you have done this preparatory work,
which will impress the interviewer. I also think a lot of candidates are too defensive in interviews. It’s not
enough just to avoid giving the ‘wrong’ answers; you should also actively try to make a good impression.
Make it clear that the interview is a two-way process: after all, you want to be sure the company is the right
place for you. . Hãy nói rõ rằng cuộc phỏng vấn là một quá trình hai chiều: sau cùng, bạn muốn chắc chắn
rằng công ty là nơi phù hợp với bạn.Q8 It’s acceptable to take the opportunity, when one is offered, to
interview the interviewer! One way to do this is to ask him or her some penetrating questions such as why he
or she has stayed with the company for so long. Some people might think such a question is arrogant, so size
up the interviewer first and decide whether it would be an appropriate thing to ask.

D. I remember one interview I attended with a company that makes ice cream and other dairy products. I
didn’t know much about the company, and it was brought home to me that I should have found out some
basic facts. I turned up in a smart business suit and tie, only to find that my prospective employers were in
jeans! They believed in being casual: no private offices, everyone ate in the same canteen, people all used
first names with each other etc. Q9 I realised I should have done more research. Needless to say, I didn’t get
the job. On another occasion, at the end of an interview, I was asked if I had anything to say. I was so
relieved that the interview was over that I just smiled and blurted out: ‘No thanks!’ I later realised this was a
mistake. A candidate should decide in advance on at least ten things to ask the interviewer: it’s not necessary
to ask more than two or three questions, but you need to have some in reserve in case the question you
wanted to ask is answered in the course of the interview. Một ứng viên nên quyết định trước ít nhất mười
điều để hỏi người phỏng vấn: không nhất thiết phải hỏi nhiều hơn hai hoặc ba câu hỏi, nhưng bạn cần phải
có một số câu hỏi dự phòng trong trường hợp câu hỏi bạn muốn hỏi được trả lời trong quá trình phỏng
vấn.Q6

E. Preparation is of extreme importance; things like I finding out what form the interview will have. Will
there be any sort of written component, for instance, and will you be talking to one person or a panel? And
of course, you need to prepare answers to those awkward questions designed to find out more about your
character. For example, you might be asked about your most important achievement so far; don't answer this
in a way that makes you seem swollen- headed or complacent as this will suggest that you don’t learn easily.
Actually, it's not so much what people say that makes them seem arrogant as the way they sit, how they hold
their heads, whether they meet the interviewer’s eye, so bear that in mind. Thực ra, những gì mọi người nói
không khiến họ có vẻ kiêu ngạo như cách họ ngồi, cách họ ngẩng đầu, liệu họ có bắt gặp ánh mắt của người
phỏng vấn hay không, vì vậy hãy ghi nhớ điều đó.Q2 Another question interviewers sometimes ask, to find
out how well you work in a team, is about mistakes you have made. You should have an example ready and
admit that you were at fault, otherwise it looks as though you are the kind of person who shifts the blame
onto others. để tìm hiểu xem bạn làm việc nhóm tốt như thế nào, đó là về những sai lầm bạn đã mắc phải.
Bạn nên chuẩn bị sẵn một ví dụ và thừa nhận rằng bạn có lỗi, nếu không, có vẻ như bạn là loại người đổ lỗi
cho người khác Q4 But you should also show that you learnt from the mistake and wouldn’t make it again.
F. Being nervous can make you forget things, so always take detailed notes with you to an interview, even
about the simplest things - this will help you feel less nervous. Lo lắng có thể khiến bạn quên mất mọi thứ,
vì vậy hãy luôn ghi chú chi tiết khi đi phỏng vấn, ngay cả về những điều đơn giản nhất - điều này sẽ giúp
bạn bớt lo lắng hơn.Q7 I also think you have to strike the right balance between being too arrogant and too
self- effacing. For example, if you are asked where you see yourself in five years’ time, don't be diffident
about showing that you are ambitious. You could even say you’d like to be doing the interviewer’s job!
Show that your ambition is the force that drives you – employers are happy to see this characteristic because
it also suggests you will work hard. Take every opportunity to reinforce the impression that you are eager;
one way is by asking questions about the job. This suggests that you will take it seriously. You could also
ask what made the last person to fill the position you have applied for successful, or what you could
accomplish in the job that would satisfy the interviewer. Naturally, the answers to questions like this are
valuable in themselves, but frankly, the main reason for asking is to ensure you make the right impression.

Part 8;
1: Tom is (always) the life and soul of parties.
the life and soul of the party : họ là một người quảng giao và là trung tâm mọi hoạt động của một sự kiện.
2: The young actress had butterflies in her stomach before the audition.
Have butterflies in one’s stomach: bồn chồn,lo lắng về điều gì
3: The community sang the recently elected mayor’s praises.
Sing one’s praises : Dành cả tấm lòng để ca ngợi, tán dương ai hay điều gì một cách đầy nhiệt huyết.
4: The new musical has taken theatre audiences by storm.
Take sth by storm : làm ai/cái gì trở nên nổi tiếng
5 To this day, I still don’t understand why he did it.
To this day : even now, after a very long time
6.It was at Kate’s insistence that we curried favour with our teacher.
Curry favour with sb: lấy lòng ai đó
7.Travellers to this area are advised to carry water lest wells (should) be thin on the ground.
be thin on the ground: không nhiều, hiếm, ít có
8 Against all expectations, Sam joined the ranks of the unemployed.
Join the ranks of : trở thành thành viên của một nhóm hoặc tổ chức nào đó.
9. My daughter has grown out of the jumper you knitted for her.
Grow out of : Qúa lớn để vừa quần áo, giày dép// Mất thú vui, hứng thú khi bạn già đi hoặc trưởng thành
hơn// Kết quả hoặc phát triển từ
10. I couldn’t make head nor tail of the plot of the book.
Make head nor tail of sth: hiểu hc nhân ra điều gì

TEST 4
Answers:
Phần 1:
Task 1: 1C 2A 3C 4C 5B
Audio scripts
Women: For the second in our series about locally-run businesses, we meet Simon Winridge, co-founder of
the hugely successful Winridge Forest Railway Park. Welcome, Simon. Now, perhaps you can begin by
telling us a little bit about how it all started.
Man: Well, during the 1970s, my wife, Liz and I had just acquired 80 acres of sheep-farming land, and we
decided to settle down and have children. Pretty soon we had a daughter, Sarah, and a son, Duncan. The
place was wonderful for the kids: they particularly loved trains and gradually built up an enormous network
of miniature railway track. I began to develop larger-scale models of locomotives but we didn’t think
anything more of it until I went on a trip to a theme park near Birmingham and decided we could do a much
better job! So we set up a small one ourselves based on the miniature railway and we opened to the public
for just a month that year, 1984 – in July – our driest month – because our children said they didn’t want our
guests to have a miserable, wet visit. I dealt with Park business and Liz carried on with the farm work.
It soon became clear that we were onto a winner. We began to extend the railway track and lay it among
more interesting landscape by planting trees, which in turn attracted more wildlife, and by making cuttings
through the rock.
Nowadays, we’re open all year round and we’re pleased to say that Winridge is one of the most popular
visitor attractions in the area – with 50,000 visitors a year – a million and a half people have been through
our doors since we opened.
All these visitors mean we have had to expand our operation and it’s now a truly family concern. I’m near to
retirement age so I only concern myself with looking after the mechanical side of things – keeping the trains
going. Liz now devotes all her energies to recruiting and supporting the large squadron of workers, which
keep the place running smoothly. We’re really pleased that after some years away teaching, Sarah has now
returned to the park and makes sure the visitors are kept fed and watered, which keeps her pretty busy as you
can imagine. Our son, Duncan, has been a stalwart of the park for the last ten years, taking over from me in
the area of construction – and I’ll say a little bit more about that in a moment – and his new wife, Judith, has
also joined the team in charge of retail. That’s becoming a tremendous growth area for us – a lot of people
want to buy sourvenirs.
Women: So have you finished the development of the site for the moment?
Man: Not at all! We’re constantly looking for ways to offer more to our visitors. The railway remains the
central feature and there’s now 1.2 kilometers of the line laid but we’d like to lay more. Because of the
geology of the area, our greatest problem is digging tunnels. But we’re gradually overcoming that. We’re
also very pleased with a new installation of the Go-Kart arena which is 120 square metres in area. Again the
problem is the geology; we had to level the mounds on the track for safety reasons. We wanted to enable 5 –
12 year olds to use the go-karts. And the main attraction here is the Formula 1 Kart. We’ve known fights to
break out over who gets it! And then finally to our most recent development which is the landscaped...
Task 2: 6T 7F 8T 9T 10T
Audio scripts
The extensive network which makes up the Grand Union Canal is, without doubt, a truly extraordinary piece
of engineering. Begun in the late 18 th century, the majority of the canal system was built without the benefits
of modern technology or public finance. It is a truly grand canal. But why is it known as the Grand Union
Canal? From 1790 to 1929 a large number of competing, independently owned canals were constructed,
their waterwaysnot uniform in size and often unable to carry the larger vessels from other sections. Through
a series of takeovers, the various companies eventually amalgamated and created a “union” of canals which
could form a continuouslink between Birmingham, London and other important industrial areas. Along
every stretch of canal, you will find this heritage retained. Traditionally-painted-narrow boats are still guided
by original mile posts, while working examples of mills, pump houses, ancient locks and keepers’ cottages
are a common sight on any journey.
The Grand Union Canal boasts an extraordinary variety of wildlife, from feeding herons and hunting owls to
rare water voles. Natural habitats are numerous as a result of cleaner waters and the declining industrial
traffic. The hedgerows and canal banks have proved an ideal location for a number of diverse species to
thrive in this tranquil and often unique environment.
A car-free and carefree way to appreciate the beauty of the canal – and at your own pace – is by walking.
Whether you are looking for organized or independent towpath walks, we can help you with your planning.
Each waterway office can supply information on circular walks, waterside pubs plus suggested routes and
specific points of interest. There are many stations within easy reach of the Grand Union Canal. Why not try
a one-way walk, returning to your starting point by train?
We’re keen to encourage both experienced and inexperienced anglers onto the well-stocked canal network
and reservoirs. We lease certain sections to established clubs who welcome non-members for a small daily
fee. Before you fish, check with your local British Waterways office for information on access and
availability. Rod licenses are obligatory, and can be obtained from your local post office.
Last but not least, the towpaths are wonderful for cycling. Free of traffic, free of fumes and free of hills.
Miles of accessible towpaths through some of England’s finest countryside. We can all share the delights of
the canal system so please be considerate to other users. Surfaces vary from stony pathways to smooth
asphalt – but that’s all part of the enjoyment.
Task 3:
1. read the material 6. make-up exam
2. typewritten/ submitted 7. short answer
3. late assignment 8. seat(s)
4. on schedule 9. 15%
5. phone/ email 10. illness/ personal problems
Audio scripts
The first few pages of the syllabus are an outline of uh... the topics for each session. As you can see, you’ll
be responsible for reading the material before you come to class so uh... you’ll have enough bakground to be
able to... follow the lecture. For example, on September 3, when you come to class, you should already have
read the first two chapters in the text, so uh... we can discuss the history of psychology in that session. The
following week, you should have a grasp of chapters three and four, so... so we can cover biology and the
psychology of the brain. And so on.
Now, let’s take a few minutes to look at the policies and procedures listed on page three of the course
syllabus. Uh... refer to the section under assignments first, please. You’ll notice that all assignments must be
typewritten and submitted on the due date... in order for you to receive full credit and uh... the grade for a
late assignment will be lowered by one letter for each day past the due date.
Now, look at the section under examinations. As you see, all exams must be completed on the dates and
times uh scheduled in the syllabus. If you must be absent... I mean for an exam, then try to call me to let me
know what your problem is. My office phone is on the syllabus, and... and my home phone is listed in the
telephone directory. Of course, e-mail is best, and you have my e-mail address on page one uh... it’s right
under my name on the syllabus. A make-up exam must be arranged within one week of the scheduled date
of the exam. And, I must warn you, the questions on the makeup will not be the same as the questions on the
regular exam. In fact, I uh usually give multiple-choice tests, but I always give short answer tests for
makeups. And, my students tell me... they say the makeups are quite a bit more difficult than the regularly
scheduled exams.
Oh, yes, let’s take a minute to clarify my attendance policy. I suggest that you come to class. I’ll be
assigning you a seat... Yes, yes I know you’d rather choose your own seat, but uh... this is a large class, and
it would take up too much time to call the roll every session, so I’ll just mark those people absent who aren’t
present in their seats by the time the class begins. Better late than never, but uh... if you’re late, you’d better
check in with me after class so I can change my attendance records. Remember that attendance is 10
percent... sorry... 15 percent of the grade, which usually make the difference between an A and a B, or a B
and a C. Let’s not even talk about Ds and Fs.
One more thing... if you need to request an incomplete, please remember that I only approve them for illness
or for a serious personal problem, not just for a... because you ran out of time. And you must submit a
request form with a signed statement of explanation to my office in order for your incomplete to be
considered. Otherwise, you’ll have to register and take the entire course over again to get credit.
Phần 2:
Part 1:A.
1. B 2. A 3. a 4. C 5. B
6. B 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. D
1. I had no time to think about what I looked like, so I ………….. on my old jeans.
A. dolled B. pulled C. let D. rolled
Pull on =mặc quần áo //manage or deal with a situation// have a friendly relationship with someone
2. Fiona stood up, ………….. down her skirt and began to address the audience.
A. smoothed B. got C. tied D. dolled
smooth down something=make something flat
3. That he was using unscrupulous research methods only came out because his assistant _______ on him to
the press.
A. ratted B. hounded C. fished D. bugged
rat on sb: tố cáo (ai)
4. I am not surprised that your brother is angry; you spent half an hour _______ him up about an issue he
cares about deeply.
A. spinning B. turning C. winding D. twirling
wind sb up: làm ai đó bực bội
5. When I was a child I always hated wearing my older brother’s …………..-offs.
A. let B. cast C. get D. flung
cast-offs=things, usually clothes, that you no longer want:
6. Roberto should try not to let his regrets for what he done ………….. away at him.
A. come B. eat C. stick D. flood
eat away at sth=to gradually damage or destroy something
7. I was sitting in a train looking out of the window, when my mind suddenly ………….. back to that
amazing trip we made to India.
A. put B. flashed C. stirred D. associated
flash back=If your mind or thoughts flash back to something that happened in the past, you suddenly
remember it
8. I’ll listen ………….. for your car and come down to the street so you don’t have to park.
A. to B. with C. out D. up
listen out for sth=to make an effort to hear a noise that you are expecting:
9. The noise of the plane passing overhead drowned ………….. the radio and I missed the nesws.
A. down B. off C. out D. in
drown out something= (of a sound) to be loud enough to block the sound of something else
10. She has such an awful voice; it just grates ………….. me every time she sings.
A. to B. at C. of D. on
Grate on sb/sth= If someone's voice or behaviour grates on you, it annoys you
B.
1. B 2. A 3. D 4.D 5. B
6. A 7. C 8. B 9.B 10. D
1. It was such a shock to receive a letter like that _____.
A in the red B. out of the blue C. in the pink D. over the moon
In the red = mắc nợ
In the pink= in very good health
out of the blue= If something happens out of the blue, it is completely unexpected
over the moon= vui sướng,hạnh phúc
2.. Just think! Next month you'll be _____ and it seems like only yesterday you were a baby.HD
A. in your teens B. in your teenage C. at your teens D. teenager
in your teens= Đang tuổi thanh xuân, ở vào độ tuổi 13-19
3. I'd like to buy the radio but I haven't got any money on me at the moment. Could you _____ for me for a
day or two?
A bring it round B. lay it in C. take it in D. put it on one side
put it on one side= to not use something, especially an amount of money, in order to keep it for later use:
4. With his excellent qualifications and a good command of English, James is ____________ above the
other applicants.
A. head and hair B. head and ears C. head and hands D. head and shoulders
Be/stand head and shoulders above = used to say that someone or something is much better than others
5 . . The challenges Ann encountered while assisting the medical charity in Africa ______ the best in her
personality.
A. brought up B. brought out C. brought around D. brought about
bring out the best in: giúp bộc lộ những phẩm chất tốt đẹp
6. - I think that Mick will leave his new job before the year is out.
- Yes, I agree. I don’t think he’ll_______________ either
A. stay the course B. relieved of his duties C. get the sack D. rake industrial action
stay the course= tiếp tục bền chí đi đến cùng mà không bỏ cuộc, dù gặp phải khó khăn gì đi nữa.
7. That part of the city has many homes where people behave very badly with regard to others around them.
There is a big problem with___________________
A. sanitary conditions B. sanitary conditions C. antisocial behavior D. public disorder
antisocial behavior= behaviour by a person which causes, or is likely to cause, harassment, alarm or distress
to persons not of the same household as the person
8 Einstein’s ideas significantly contributed to our understanding of the universe. Einstein’s ideas
made ____________ our understanding of the universe.
A. dim and distant memory B. a lasting contribution to
C. a bygone era D. the vast expanse
make a contribution to something= you do something to help make it successful or to produce it
dim and distant=from the past and not clearly remembered
bygone age/era/days etc=a period of time in the past

9.The Minister was trying to avoid publicity so he kept_________________

A. near the ground B. a low profile C. a cool ahead D. under cover
Keep a low profile= tránh gây sự chú ý, xem xét kĩ lưỡng từ mọi người.
Keep a cool ahead= to stay calm in a difficult situation
keep under cover=1. Literally, to stay beneath a shelter of some kind, typically to avoid inclement
weather.//2. To hide something (often one's true identity or motives) from others.
have/keep your feet on the ground=to be very practical and see things as they really are
10. We should all _____________ when advertisers attempt to use unfair practices.
A. make a comeback B. make a deal C. make amends D. make a stand
make a stand= không ngần ngại, không do dự, công khai (đứng lên) đòi quyền lợi, nêu ý kiến hoặc bảo
vệ/phản đối điều gì.
Part2:
Key
Line Mistake Correction
2 despite Though
3 are Is
5 archetype Archetypal
5 the a
6 including Included
7 services Service
10 be Is
12 during For
12 recommend be recommended
13 which that

Part 3. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the passage with ONE suitable word.(15pts)
1. realistic 2. meaning 3. term 4. in 5. least
6. enough 7. Instead 8. less 9. works 10. construction

Part 4. Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. (15 points)
1. C 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. A

Last year over 200 climbers were rescued from the mountains of Scotland alone by local rescue teams, who
go out in all weathers to do whatever they can to help when disaster (1)________. These people are
volunteers, giving their time and energy freely and, on occasion, putting themselves in danger. They will
risk life and (2)______ in an emergency when they are called on to rescue foolhardy or unlucky climbers.
A whole (3)________ of things can go wrong up in the mountains. A storm can (4)_______ up without
warning, reducing visibility to virtually zero. Then only the most experienced mountaineer could find their
way back down to safety. And it is easy to come to (5)________, breaking a leg or worse. Many climbers
owe a huge (6)_______ of gratitude to the rescue teams!
While rescue teams work for no pay, there are considerable costs (7)_______ in maintaining an efficient
service. Equipment such as ropes and stretchers is of (8)________ importance, as are vehicles and radio
communications devices. Though some of the costs are (9)________ by the government, the rescue teams
couldn't operate without donations from the public. Fortunately, fundraising for a good cause like this is not
difficult; anyone who has ever been up in the mountains will gladly (10)_______ a contribution.
1. A. hits B. rises C. strikes D. arrive
Strike = cause a person or place to suffer severely from the effects of something very unpleasant that
happens suddenly
2. A. limb B. blood C. bone D. flesh
Risk life and limb= they do something very dangerous that may cause them to die or be seriously injured.
3. A. scope B. extent C. range D. scale
a whole range/series/variety etc (of something)=used to emphasize that there are a lot of things of a similar
type
4. A. brew B. arise C. whip D. lash
Brew up= create a situation that causes difficulty, or to develop as a situation that will cause difficulty
5. A. agony B. trouble C. problem D. grief
Come to grief" = gặp tai hoạ; thất bại, gặp sự đau buồn.
6. A. recognition B. liability C. debt D. obligation
owe a debt of gratitude/thanks=to have a reason to thank or feel grateful to another person for something
good that they have done
7. A. implied B. Involved+in C. featured D. connected

8. A. lively B. vibrant C. essential D. vital

Of vital/utmost importance =cực kỳ,vô cùng quan trọng
9. A. borne B. held C. carried D. fulfilled
bear the cost/expense etc =pay for something
10. A. make B. takeC. do D. hand
Make contribution = do something to help make it successful or to produce it.

Task 5:
1A 2D 3A 4C 5A 6B 7A 8C 9B 10D
What happens psychologically when one is lost at sea? Why does one person survive while another
perishes? Is there a personality type that makes one person better at handling the elements, fear and
loneliness? Until recently, science has been completely in the dark about what makes a survivor. Now
experts are intensifying their search to demystify the psychology of survival, analysing personality traits
among people who triumph over life-threatening crises – and those who succumb.
In a life-threatening situation the brain immediately triggers a state of shock, sending alarms through the
body. Your emergency response system shifts into gear. Blood pressure rises, muscles tense, adrenalin
pumps. If you survive initially, you then shift mental gears to longer-term planning – whatever you have to
do to survive. Next you go into the resistance phase; a chronic coping state, in which the body tries to
maintain balance in the face of threat, danger and deprivation.
Later, one of two things happens: you enter an exhaustion phase, in which the coping mechanisms are
overwhelmed, you lose strength, and die – as often happens – or you persevere long enough and get rescued
or escape the situation. Who survives, it turns out, isn’t determined by age, physical stamina, or experience.
Although one would expect people who are fitter to be the best candidates to make it back alive, the mind,
that great trickster, isn’t ruled by logic.
Last summer, for example, a sailboat sank. It was being steered by Nicholas Abbott, who often transported
pleasure boats from the Caribbean to New York. With him was his friend, Janet Culver, a reserved woman,
not a risk-taker, making her first long-distance cruise. If you worked for an insurance agency, you’d bet
Abbott would be the one to return alive. Yet he’s the one who died. After 10 days adrift in a tiny dinghy,
battling 16-foot waves and thundershowers, Abbott – hungry, thirsty, and delirious – said he was going to
swim home, jumped overboard and drowned. Culver, covered with sun blisters and too weak to sit, would
not give up. “Each day I stayed alive was another chance to be rescued,” she told me. “Something deep
inside told me to hang on one more day.” While Abbott let his depression get the better of him, Culver
evaluated his situation in small, manageable increments. She kept her mind open. It is important to remain
mentally active, dwelling on positive things. “Don’t give up”, say the experts. “Drive your thoughts to things
that make you happy. Have fantasies. In other words, play games with your mind. Don’t let it play tricks on
you, which experts say it does.
The mind goes from hope for rescue, to isolation, to depression. These feelings come, go and vary in order.
You have a better chance of survival with other people there. Just being able to say “I’m not going to do
what he’s doing” helps handle negative thinking. Highly destructive is the “last chance” phenomenon:
rescue is visible, but they don’t see you. You start thinking “That was my only chance; they won’t be back
again!” Then you feel doomed. In the end, long-term exposure causes delirium. You start drinking salt
water, which causes more delusions. In the cold, people sometimes start shedding garments and a trail of
clothes is found. Paradoxically, these people interpret their coldness as warmth.
Researchers studying people who triumph over life-threatening crises are finding survivors share common
personality traits: high self-esteem and optimism. Often the difference in mental, rather than physical
toughness determines who will endure. Survivors often have a strong belief system outside themselves, in
family and religion. Once you give into the sense of abandonment, you give up. Survivors tend to be
tenacious in a self-preserving way. They do the right things under pressure. Even though Culver was
technically less skilled at sea, she didn’t lose her head. Abbott panicked, left the safest position, and exposed
himself to death. The experts attribute this fighting spirit to an immeasurable factor. They can measure
weight, age, sex, swimming ability, flotation, quality of clothing – finite things. But they can’t measure the
will to live. The only true measure of it is who stares into the abyss and doesn’t blink.
1. Until recently, scientists in extreme situations
A. had no knowledge of why some people are less vulnerable.
B. had been experimenting with people in extreme situations.
C. believed that the personality of a survivor was defined by fear.
D. had not been interested in what makes a survivor.
1. Cho đến gần đây, các nhà khoa học trong tình huống cực đoan
A. không có kiến thức về lý do tại sao một số người ít bị tổn thương hơn.
B. đã được thử nghiệm với những người trong những tình huống khắc nghiệt.
C. tin rằng tính cách của một người sống sót được xác định bởi sự sợ hãi.
D. đã không quan tâm đến những gì tạo ra một người sống sót.
Clue: Until recently, science has been completely in the dark about what makes a survivor. Now experts are
intensifying their search to demystify the psychology of survival, analysing personality traits among people
who triumph over life-threatening crises – and those who succumb.
Cho đến gần đây, khoa học vẫn hoàn toàn không biết điều gì làm một người sống sót. Giờ đây, các chuyên
gia đang tăng cường tìm kiếm để làm sáng tỏ tâm lý sinh tồn, phân tích đặc điểm tính cách của những người
chiến thắng cuộc khủng hoảng đe dọa tính mạng - và những người không chống chọi được
2. According to the writer,
A. the exhaustion phase is preceded by a failure of coping mechanisms.
B. survival depends on how healthy you are.
C. you need to be intelligent to survive a dangerous situation.
D. there are a number of phases in the survival process.
Clue: If you survive initially, you then shift mental gears to longer-term planning – whatever you have to do
to survive. Next you go into the resistance phase; a chronic coping state, in which the body tries to maintain
balance in the face of threat, danger and deprivation.
Later, one of two things happens: you enter an exhaustion phase, in which the coping mechanisms are
overwhelmed, you lose strength, and die – as often happens – or you persevere long enough and get rescued
or escape the situation
Nếu bạn sống sót ban đầu, sau đó bạn chuyển hướng tinh thần sang lập kế hoạch dài hạn - bất cứ điều gì bạn
phải làm để tồn tại. Tiếp theo bạn đi vào giai đoạn kháng cự; một trạng thái đối phó mãn tính, trong đó cơ
thể cố gắng duy trì sự cân bằng khi đối mặt với mối đe dọa, nguy hiểm và thiếu thốn.
Sau đó, một trong hai điều xảy ra: bạn bước vào giai đoạn kiệt sức, trong đó các cơ chế đối phó bị quá tải,
bạn mất sức và chết - như thường xảy ra - hoặc bạn kiên trì đủ lâu và được giải cứu hoặc thoát khỏi tình
huống.
3. Why is it surprising that Janet Culver survived?
A. She had little or no relevant sailing experience.
B. She didn’t take Abbott’s advice.
C. She didn’t appear to have a very strong character.
D. She was nervous of being at sea.
3. Tại sao điều ngạc nhiên là Janet Culver sống sót?
A. Cô ấy có rất ít hoặc không có kinh nghiệm liên quan đến chèo thuyền
B. Cô ấy không nghe theo lời khuyên của Abbott.
C. Cô ấy dường như không có một nhân vật quá mạnh mẽ.
D. Cô ấy rất lo lắng khi ở trên biển.
Clue: Janet Culver, a reserved woman, not a risk-taker, making her first long-distance cruise.
4. What is one reason why the presence of other people with you in a survival situation can sometimes help
you to survive?
A. They tell you not to give up. C. They remind you of how not to behave.
B. You can play games with them to keep awake.
D. They can help you look out for rescue vehicles.
Một trong những lý do tại sao sự hiện diện của những người khác cùng bạn trong một tình huống sinh tồn
đôi khi có thể giúp bạn sống sót?
A. Họ bảo bạn đừng bỏ cuộc.
C. Họ nhắc nhở bạn về cách không cư xử. B. Bạn có thể chơi trò chơi với chúng để giữ tỉnh táo.
D. Họ có thể giúp bạn tìm kiếm các phương tiện cứu hộ.
Clue: Just being able to say “I’m not going to do what he’s doing” helps handle negative thinking
5. Why is near-rescue destructive?
A. It makes the person lose hope. C. It causes delirium.
B. The person knows they will not get another chance.
D. People usually try to swim to the rescue vessel.
Clue: Highly destructive is the “last chance” phenomenon: rescue is visible, but they don’t see you. You
start thinking “That was my only chance; they won’t be back again!” Then you feel doomed.
Có tính hủy diệt cao là hiện tượng “cơ hội cuối cùng”: cứu hộ có thể nhìn thấy, nhưng họ không nhìn thấy
bạn. Bạn bắt đầu nghĩ “Đó là cơ hội duy nhất của tôi; họ sẽ không quay lại nữa! ” Sau đó, bạn cảm thấy cam
chịu.
6. Why can’t scientists measure the will to live?
A. Because it is different in every person.
C. Because it changes throughout a person’s life.
B. Because it is an abstract quality.
D. Because people are reluctant to be analysed in such a way.
6. Tại sao các nhà khoa học không thể đo lường ý chí sống?
A. Vì nó khác nhau ở mỗi người.
C. Bởi vì nó thay đổi trong suốt cuộc đời của một người.
B. Vì đó là phẩm chất trừu tượng.
D. Vì mọi người miễn cưỡng bị phân tích theo cách như vậy.
Clue: The experts attribute this fighting spirit to an immeasurable factor. They can measure weight, age, sex,
swimming ability, flotation, quality of clothing – finite things. But they can’t measure the will to live. The
only true measure of it is who stares into the abyss and doesn’t blink.
7. What do you think is the best title of the passage?
A. Survival at sea B. Nicholas Abbott C. Janet Culver D. Death at sea
8. Which best replaces the phrase “in the face of”?
A. due to B. including C. notwithstanding D. de facto
in the face of sth=despite having to deal with a difficult situation or problem=notwithstanding
9. Why does the writer mention an insurance agency?
A. To explain the reasonability of Abbott’s death. B. To tell what people generally predict.
C. To reveal a bad habit of an insurance agent. D. To emphasize a terrible mistake of insurance
companies.
9. Tại sao người viết đề cập đến cơ quan bảo hiểm?
A. Để giải thích sự hợp lý của cái chết của Abbott. B. Để nói những gì mọi người thường dự đoán.
C. Để bộc lộ một tật xấu của nhân viên bảo hiểm. D. Để nhấn mạnh một sai lầm khủng khiếp của các
công ty bảo hiểm.
Clue: It was being steered by Nicholas Abbott, who often transported pleasure boats from the Caribbean to
New York. With him was his friend, Janet Culver, a reserved woman, not a risk-taker, making her first long-
distance cruise. If you worked for an insurance agency, you’d bet Abbott would be the one to return alive.
Nó được chèo lái bởi Nicholas Abbott, người thường vận chuyển những chiếc thuyền du ngoạn từ Caribe
đến New York. Cùng với anh là bạn của anh, Janet Culver, một người phụ nữ kín đáo, không mạo hiểm, đã
thực hiện chuyến du ngoạn đường dài đầu tiên của mình. Nếu bạn làm việc cho một đại lý bảo hiểm, bạn
dám cá rằng Abbott sẽ là người sống sót trở về
10. Which has the closest meaning to “tenacious”?
A. cohesive B. resolute C. bound D. strong
Tenacious= strong= ngoan cường,mạnh mẽ,dẻo dai....
Task 6:
1. iv 2.vii 3.iii 4.v 5.vi
8.NOT
6. YES 7.NO GIVEN 9.YES 10.D
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
A. ‘Hypotheses,’ said Medawar in 1964,‘are imaginative and inspirational in character’; they are ‘adventures
of the mind’. He was arguing in favour of the position taken by Karl Popper in The Logic of Scientific
Discovery (1972, 3rd edition) that the nature of scientific method is hypothetico-deductive and not, as is
generally believed, inductive.
B. It is essential that you, as an intending researcher, understand the difference between these two
interpretations of the research process so that you do not become discouraged or begin to suffer from a
feeling of ‘cheating’ or not going about it the right way.

C. iv Explaining the inductive method

The myth of scientific method is that it is inductive: that the formulation of scientific theory starts with the
basic, raw evidence of the senses - simple, unbiased, unprejudiced observation.
(Phương pháp khoa học huyền thoại mang tính quy nạp: sự hình thành lý thuyết khoa học bắt đầu bằng
những bằng chứng căn bản, thô sơ của các giác quan - quan sát đơn giản, không thiên vị, không có định
hướng.)
Out of these sensory data - commonly referred to as ‘facts’ — generalisations will form. The myth is that
from a disorderly array of factual information an orderly, relevant theory will somehow emerge. However,
the starting point of induction is an impossible one.
=> Giải thích pp quy nạp
D. vii The role of hypotheses in scientific research

There is no such thing as an unbiased observation. Every act of observation we make is a function of what
we have seen or otherwise experienced in the past. All scientific work of an experimental or exploratory
nature starts with some expectation about the outcome. This expectation is a hypothesis . Hypotheses provide
the initiative and incentive for the inquiry and influence the method(Giả thuyết cung cấp sáng kiến và
khuyến khích cho cuộc điều tra và ảnh hưởng đến phương pháp.). It is in the light of an expectation that
some observations are held to be relevant and some irrelevant, that one methodology is chosen and others
discarded, that some experiments are conducted and others are not. Where is, your naive, pure and objective
researcher now?
=> Vai trò của giả thuyết trong nghiên cứu khoa học
E. iii The testing of hypotheses

Hypotheses arise by guesswork, or by inspiration, but having been formulated they can and must be tested
rigorously, using the appropriate methodology(.Giả thuyết xảy ra bởi phỏng đoán, hoặc bằng cảm hứng,
nhưng đã được xây dựng có thể và phải được kiểm tra chặt chẽ, sử dụng phương pháp thích hợp.) If the
predictions you make as a result of deducing certain consequences from your hypothesis are not shown to be
correct then you discard or modify your hypothesis. If the predictions turn out to be correct then your
hypothesis has been supported and may be retained until such time as some further test shows it not to be
correct. Once you have arrived at your hypothesis, which is a product of your imagination, you then proceed
to a strictly logical and rigorous process, based upon deductive argument — hence the term ‘hypothetico-
deductive’.
=> Việc kiểm tra các giả thuyết
F. v Anticipating results before data is collected

So don’t worry if you have some idea of what your results will tell you before you even begin to collect
data;( Vì vậy, đừng lo lắng nếu bạn có một số ý tưởng về kết quả của bạn sẽ cho bạn biết trước khi bạn bắt
đầu thu thập dữ liệu) there are no scientists in existence who really wait until they have all the evidence in
front of them before they try to work out what it might possibly mean. The closest we ever get to this
situation is when something happens by accident; but even then the researcher has to formulate a hypothesis
to be tested before being sure that, for example, a mould might prove to be a successful antidote to bacterial
infection.
=> Dự đoán kết quả trước khi dữ liệu được thu thập
G. vi How research is done and how it is reported
The myth of scientific method is not only that it is inductive (which we have seen is incorrect) but also that
the hypothetico-deductive method proceeds in a step-by-step, inevitable fashion. The hypothetico-deductive
method describes the logical approach to much research work, but it does not describe the psychological
behaviour that brings it about. This is much more holistic — involving guesses, reworkings, corrections,
blind alleys and above all inspiration, in the deductive as well as the hypothetic component -than is
immediately apparent from reading the final thesis or published papers. These have been, quite properly,
organised into a more serial, logical order so that the worth of the output may be evaluated independently of
the behavioural processes by which it was obtained. It is the difference, for example between the academic
papers with which Crick and Watson demonstrated the structure of the DNA molecule and the fascinating
book The Double Helix in which Watson (1968) described how they did it. From this point of view,
‘scientific method’ may more usefully be thought of as a way of writing up research rather than as a way of
carrying it out(.Từ quan điểm này, 'phương pháp khoa học' có thể hữu ích hơn được nghĩ đến như một cách
để viết nghiên cứu chứ không phải là cách để thực hiện nó.)

=> Cách ngiên cứu được thực hiện và đc báo cáo

6. Popper says that the scientific method is hypothetico-deductive. Y
Clue : the nature of scientific method is hypothetico-deductive and not, as is generally believed, inductive.
7. If a prediction based on a hypothesis is fulfilled, then the hypothesis is confirmed as true.N
Clue: then your hypothesis has been supported and may be retained until such time as some further test
shows it not to be correct
8. Many people carry out research in a mistaken way.

9. The ‘scientific method’ is more a way of describing research than a way of doing it.Y
Clue: From this point of view, ‘scientific method’ may more usefully be thought of as a way of writing up
research rather than as a way of carrying it out.
Question 10: Which of the following statements best describes the writer’s main purpose in reading passage ?
A. to advise Ph.D students not to cheat while carrying out research.
B. to encourage Ph.D students to work by guesswork and inspiration.
C. to explain to Ph.D students the logic which the scientific research paper follows.
D. to help Ph.D students by explaining different conceptions of the research process
Task 7:
1A 2D 3A 4A 5E 6C 7&8: C&E 9&10: B&D
EXPLORING THE CANADIAN OUTDOORS
A. Churchill
Churchill, Manitoba, has much to offer in the way of sightseeing, and its natural surrounds are truly
spectacular, but its beauty is nothing but a side-show; the polar bears are the main event in these parts,
Churchill being the unofficial polar bear capital of the world. Every year, from October to early December,
these giant carnivores gather at the mount of the Churchill River in Hudson Bay and wait patiently until the
sea freezes over to enable them to resume seal-hunting again(.các khu vực xung quanh tự nhiên của nó thực
sự ngoạn mục, nhưng vẻ đẹp của nó không gì khác ngoài một màn trình diễn bên lề; gấu Bắc Cực là sự kiện
chính trong những phần này, Churchill là thủ đô không chính thức của gấu Bắc Cực trên thế giới. Hàng năm,
từ tháng 10 đến đầu tháng 12, những loài ăn thịt khổng lồ này tập trung tại núi sông Churchill ở Vịnh
Hudson và kiên nhẫn chờ đợi cho đến khi nước biển đóng băng để chúng có thể tiếp tục săn hải cẩu một lần
nữa.) Q1 The town of Churchill has a mere 900 permanent residents, but, during peak bear-spotting season,
the population swells to more than 10,000, as visitors from near and far come to see the estimated 1,200 (Thị
trấn Churchill chỉ có 900 cư dân thường trú, nhưng vào mùa cao điểm có gấu, dân số tăng lên hơn 10.000
người, vì du khách gần xa đến để xem ước tính khoảng 1.200 con thú) Q4 of these cuddly-looking but
decidedly lethal beasts that gather around the town each year. Sadly though, most of the visitors, once they
have seen their share of bears and taken the obligatory been-there-done-it photo, head home without even
pausing to scan the horizon for the other spectacular creature that can be seen in relative abundance here , the
Beluga, whose sleek profile is frequently spotted breaking the surface of the water in the bay, offering up a
perfect opportunity for whale-watching that only those who have really done their homework will ever get to
take advantage of. (Beluga, có kiểu dáng đẹp thường xuyên bị phát hiện làm vỡ bề mặt nước trong vịnh,
mang đến một cơ hội hoàn hảo để ngắm cá voi mà chỉ những người thực sự làm nghiên cứu mới có thể tận
dụng.) Q3
B. Banff
Banff was designated Canada’s first national park way back in 1885 in recognition of the fact that it is an
area of truly outstanding natural beauty. Its jagged peaks set against the never-ending light-blue skyline
exemplify what the wild and rugged, and remarkably vast range that is the Canadian Rockies is all about.
Every year, the park attracts around four million visitors, lured there by the promise of postcard views and
abundant wildlife. Banff is home to some 54 mammalian species, from the impressive but harmless moose
and elk, to the more lethal cougar, black bear and grizzly bear. The park is also home to a thriving adventure
sports industry, and offers first-rate hiking trails with sufficient variety of terrain so as to ensure that both the
novice and experienced trekker are kept satisfied. Công viên cũng là nơi có ngành thể thao mạo hiểm phát
triển mạnh và cung cấp những con đường mòn đi bộ hàng đầu với đủ loại địa hình để đảm bảo hài lòng cả
người mới làm quen và người đi bộ có kinh nghiệm. Q9 & 10
C. Niagara Falls
A raging torrent whose fame is such that little if any introduction is necessary, there is a very good reason
why Niagara Falls, or, to be more precise, Canadian Falls, the horseshoe-shaped section of the gorge this
side of the border, Q7&8 is visited by such large numbers of tourists every year, and that is the simple truth
that the scene which greets you on arrival is one of the few genuinely awe-inspiring spectacles you are ever
likely to have the privilege to behold. The falls have proved an irresistible temptation for many a daredevil
over the years, too, with tightrope walker Nik Wallenda being the most recent case in point – his successful
crossing in June 2012 was reported widely in the international media. But for those of us who aren’t inclined
towards acts of such reckless insanity, there is an alternative to the perilous rope-walk which offers an
equally noteworthy view; the river-boat ride, which takes you just close enough beneath the gushing torrent
to be momentarily deafened by its roar – and you get a free shower into the bargain ! A honey-mooner’s as
well as nature-lover’s paradise, Niagara should form part of every visitor’s itinerary. Một thiên đường của
những người yêu nhau cũng như thiên đường của những người yêu thiên nhiên, Niagara nên là một phần
trong hành trình của mọi du khách.Q6
D. The Laurentians
Just north of Montreal, the distinctly Gallic feel of Mont-Tremblant, a European-style resort in the heart of
the Laurentian Mountains, is typical of the villages of the region. The range itself is an all-season paradise
which is at its best perhaps during late autumn when the forests explode into a symphony of colour. The area
attracts nature- and adventure-lovers alike because, as well as the resplendence of its natural canvass, it can
also boast some of the best ski terrain in north America (with slopes to cater for every level of enthusiast)
(nó cũng có thể tự hào về một số địa hình trượt tuyết tốt nhất ở Bắc Mỹ (với các dốc để phục vụ cho mọi cấp
độ của người đam mê)) Q9&10 and excellent golf – the main attraction of which is playing against this
stunning backdrop no doubt, though the courses are not too shabby either – in the summer season. Q2
E. The Great Lakes
Known for their diversity ad beauty, and for their disproportionately large contribution to the Earth’s
ecology, the five great lakes combined comprise the largest body of freshwater on the planet. Their volume
is distributed more or less equally between the States and Canada, with the exception of Lake Michigan
which is completely contained within the former country. Khối lượng của chúng được phân phối nhiều hơn
hoặc ít hơn giữa Hoa Kỳ và Canada, ngoại trừ Hồ Michigan hoàn toàn nằm trong đất nước cũ. Q7 &8 Their
combined surface area is larger than that of England, Scotland and Wales put together. All five lakes are
interconnected with their primary outlet being the Saint Lawrence River, which flows through Quebec and
eventually empties out into the North Atlantic. Bearing in mind the sheer size of these bodies of water, few
visitors can afford themselves the time required to see all five, but a stop at any of the various national parks
dotted along their shores is very worthwhile, and an excellent excuse to take in some water-based activities,
too, with yatching, canoeing, scuba diving and much more to choose from. là một lý do tuyệt vời để tham
gia một số hoạt động dưới nước cũng như câu cá, chèo thuyền, lặn với bình dưỡng khí và nhiều hoạt động
khác để bạn lựa chọn. Q5
To which destination does each statement relate?
1. Although this area is rich in natural beauty, the majority of tourists only come to visit during three specific
months of the year for an unrelated reason.
2. In this area, visitors only have the opportunity to play a particular sport during one season each year.
3. A spectacle which takes place in this region is only known to the few people who thoroughly research the
area.
4. This area sees a huge influx of people at a particular time each year.
5. This area affords visitors an excellent opportunity to partake in a variety of water sports and activities.
6. This place is known to attract visitors who are on a romantic vacation.
7&8. This destination, or a large part thereof, straddles two separate countries.
9&10. This area offers a variety of terrain such that it is suitable for people of different levels of ability.

Part 8:
1. That he has won a scholarship to study overseas gives him a new lease of life
Give sb a new lease of life: Một thời cơ mới để sống khỏe mạnh (cơ may được hưởng sức khoẻ tốt hơn
trước), sống vui vẻ và thành công sau khi vượt qua một khoảng thời gian khó khăn và gian nan.

2. Only last week did the minister admit to an error of jugdement .

an error of jugdement: a wrong or bad decision
3. The south coast took the brunt of the gale .
Take/bear the brunt of : chịu đựng hoàn cảnh tồi tệ nhất.
4.She‘s only happy when somebody dances attendance on her.
Dance attendance on somebody: to be with somebody and do things to help and please them.
.
5. I have got missing the rush hour down to a fine art over the last few weeks .
Get sth down to a fine art : to be able to do something very well or quickly, often because you have done it
so many times

6. Most people seem to think that …… I am in the line for.…a promotion.

in the line for: to be likely to get something, especially something good
7.If I were him, I wouldn’t give two hoots about my reputation.
Give too hoots about something: care too much about something

8. The building .… has been cordoned off by ….police.

Cordon off: put something around it in order to stop people from entering it

9. A nagging injury ….. ruled him out of ……..the tournament.

Rule sb out of: remove (someone) from (a competition, contest, etc.)
10.When he made friends in the new place, Ron came out of his shell.
Come out of one’s shell: be open and friendly to others

TEST 5
KEY
Phần 1:
I. You will hear part of a radio discussion with Ellen Harrington: of the Meadow Lane Residents Group,
and Tim Barlow from Carton Town Planning Department. For questions 1-5, choose the correct answer
(A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. (10p.)
Your answers
1. C 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. A

II. You will hear a student called Rob who is in the first year of the theatre studies course talking to
another student called Mia-who is in the fourth year of the same course. Listen and decide whether these
sentences are True (T) or False (F) according to what you hear. (10p.)
1. True/ T 2. False/ F 3. False/ F 4. True/ T 5. False/ F

III. You will hear a piece of news about the white bear. Listen and complete the summary below. Write
ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. (20p.)
1. GENE 2. POWER 3. STRANGERS 4. EROSION 5. ISLANDS
(S)
6. ROADS 7. FISHING 8. REPRODUCTION 9. METHOD(S) 10. EXPANSION
TAPESCRIPT:
PART 1
You will hear part of a radio discussion with Ellen Harrington of the Meadow Lane Residents Group, and
Tim Barlow from the Carton Town Planning Department For questions 15-20, choose the answer, A, B, C or
D which fits best according to what you hear,
Interviewer: Good morning, and welcome to City Life, our weekly look at some aspect of life in towns and
cities. Today my guests are Ellen Harrington of the Meadow Lane Residents Group in the town
of Carton, and Tim Barlow from the Carton Town Planning Department. Ellen, perhaps I can
start by asking why you formed a residents' group
Ellen: Because our lives have been a misery recently, that's why! You see, three months ago the town
council decided to turn the centre of Carton into a pedestrian precinct - no cars at all. Which
seemed like a terrific idea at first. I was over the moon. Until I realised that all the traffic diverted
from the centre of town was going to come through Meadow Lane. And I suspect the planners
knew all along this would happen.
Interviewer: And Meadow Lane is - or was - a quiet suburban street.
Ellen: Exactly! With two schools and lots of children playing in the street. Now it must be one of the most
dangerous roads in the county! And we're not going to stand for it. We are livid we really are,
and we’re going to do whatever it takes to get satisfaction, starting with our protest at the town
hall tomorrow!
Interviewer: If I could turn to you now, Tim. What's your reaction to what Ellen has been saying?
Tim: Well, naturally, I have every sympathy with her situation. But I really don't think the Carton Town
Planning Department is entirely to blame for this. Closing the town centre to traffic was the right
thing to do, and I think it's to the credit of town council that a measure like this was put into
practice, despite considerable opposition. Changing the status quo is never an easy course of
action - somebody's always going to be unhappy with the new situation. But in this case, if cars
drive too fast along quiet streets, that’s a matter for the police. Irresponsible drivers are to blame
for the problem which is why the protesters have chosen the wrong target. I'm not even sure
exactly what Mrs Harringtons’ Meadow Lane Residents Group is trying to accomplish.
Interviewer: Do you accept that point, Ellen?
Ellen: I certainly do not! Drivers will take the shortest possible route to get where they're going - that's just
human nature and it's the Town Planning Department who decide what that route is. I think Mr
Barlow is trying to dodge the responsibility for the problem - probably because the planners
hadn't realised quite how bad the situation in our street would be. And I don't believe they can
wash their hands of the whole matter. And even if they weren’t entirely to blame for it, they
could still do something now to solve it.
Interviewer: What would you like to see happen now?

Ellen: First of all, a new traffic system should be installed in the area of Meadow Lane to stop motorists
using the street the way they do. Then we'd like a review of the whole road system in and around
the town. Obviously, that will take some time to set up - in fact, we don't want any rush jobs here
- but we want a firm commitment from the town council that they'll listen to our demands.
Interviewer: And this protest you're planning: do you feel it will be a success?
Ellen: I certainly do! You see, we plan to have a big demonstration outside the Town Hall., which will
attract a lot of media interest - and that's what really makes people sit up and take notice these
days. I'm sure we'll get some reaction. After all, the people in charge here are our representatives,
councillors who should listen to the views of the people who elected them ..
PART 2
You will hear a student called Rob who is in the first year of the theatre studies course talking to
another student called Mia-who is in the fourth year of the same course. Listen and decide whether
these sentences are True (T) or False (F) according to what you hear.
MIA: Hi, Rob. How's the course going?
ROB: Oh, hi, Mia. Yeah, great. I can't believe the first term's nearly over.
MIA: I saw your group's performance last night at the student theatre. It was good.
ROB: Really? Yeah but now we have to write a report on the whole thing, an in-depth analysis. I
don't know where to start. Like, I have to write about the role I played, the doctor, how I developed
the character.
MIA: Well, what was your starting point?
ROB: Er ….. my grandfather was a doctor before he retired, and I just based it on him.
MIA: OK, but how? Did you talk to him about it?
ROB: He must have all sorts of stories, but he never says much about his work,
even now. He has a sort of authority though.
MIA: So how did you manage to capture that?
ROB: I'd ….. I'd visualise what he must have been like in the past, when he was sitting in his
consulting room listening to his patients.
MIA: OK, so that's what you explain in your report.
ROB: Right. -
MIA: Then there's the issue of atmosphere - so in the first scene we needed to know how boring life was
in the doctor's village in the 1950s, so when the curtain went up on the first scene in the waiting
room, there was that long silence before anyone spoke. And then people kept saying the same thing
over and over, like 'Cold, isn't it?
ROB: Yes, and everyone wore grey and brown, and just sat in a row.
MIA: Yes, all those details of the production.
ROB: And I have to analyse how I functioned in the group - what I found out about myself. I know I was
so frustrated at times, when we couldn't agree.
MIA: Yes. So did one person emerge as the leader?
ROB: Sophia did. That was OK - she helped us work out exactly what to do, for the production. And that
made me feel better, I suppose.
MIA: When you understood what needed doing?
ROB: Yes. And Sophia did some research, too. That was useful in developing our approach.
MIA: Like what?
ROB: Well, she found these articles from the 1950s about how relationships between children and their
parents, or between the public and people like bank managers or the police were shifting.
MIA: Interesting. And did you have any practical problems to overcome?
ROB: Well, in the final rehearsal everything was going fine until the last scene - that's where the
doctor's first patient appears on stage on his own.
MIA: The one in the wheelchair?
ROB: Yes, and he had this really long speech, with the stage all dark except for one spotlight - and then
that stuck somehow so it was shining on the wrong side of the stage ... but anyway we got that
fixed, thank goodness.
MIA: Yes, it was fine on the night.

PART 3
You will hear a piece of news about the white bear. Listen and complete the summary below. Write ONE
WORD ONLY for each answer
Today we continue our series on ecology and conservation with a look at a particularly endangered member
of the black bear family. One in ten black bears is actually born with a white coat, which is the result of a
special gene that surfaces in a few. Local people have named lithe spirit bear'. And according to the legends
of these communities, its snow brings with it a special power. Because of this, it has always been highly
regarded by them - so much that they do not speak of seeing it to anyone else. It is their way of protecting it
when strangers visit the area.
The white bear's habitat is quite interesting. The bear's strong relationship with the old growth rainforest is a
complex one. The white bear relies on the huge centuries-old trees in the forest in many ways. For example,
the old-growth trees have extremely long roots that help prevent erosion of the soil along the banks of the
many fish streams. Keeping these banks intact is important because these streams are home to salmon,
which are the bear's main food source. In return, the bear's feeding habits nurture the forest. As the bears eat
the salmon, they discard the skin and bones in great amounts on the forest floor, which provide vital
nutrients. These produce lush vegetation that sustains thousands of other types of life forms, from birds to
insects and more.
Today, the spirit bear lives off the coast of the province of British Columbia on a few islands. There is great
concern for their survival since it is estimated that less than two hundred of these white bears remain. The
best way to protect them is to make every effort to preserve the delicate balance of their forest environment -
in other words, their ecosystem.
The greatest threat to the bear's existence is the loss of its habitat. Over many years, logging companies have
stripped the land by cutting down a large number of trees. In addition, they have built roads which have
fractured the areas where the bear usually feeds, and many hibernation sites have also been lost. The logging
of the trees along the streams has damaged the places where the bears fish. To make matters worse , the
number of salmon in those streams is declining because there is no legal limit on fishing at the moment.
All these influences have a negative impact on the spirit bear's very existence, which is made all the more
fragile by the fact that reproduction among these bears has always been disappointingly low.
And so, what's the situation going forward? Community organizations, environmental groups and the British
Columbia government are now working together on the problem. The government is now requiring logging
companies to adopt a better logging method, which is a positive step. However, these measures alone may
not be sufficient to ensure a healthy population of the spirit bear in the future.
Other steps also need to be taken. While it is important to maintain the spirit bear's habitat, there also needs
to be more emphasis on its expansion. The move is justified as it will also create space for other bears that
are losing their homes ...
-

Phần 2

Part 1: A: PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS

1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D
6.B 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.C
1. Our teacher tends to…………….certain subjects which she finds difficult to talk about.
A. boil down B. string along C. skate over D. track down
skate over/around sth=to avoid dealing completely with something or to fail to pay enough attention to it
boil down to sth=If a situation or problem boils down to something, that is the main reason for it
string along= deceive someone for a long time about what you are really intending to do:
track down someone/something=to search for someone or something, often when it is difficult to find that
person or thing:
2. I was so tired that I just………….in the armchair.
A. flaked out B. broke up C. dropped out D. fell over
flaked out= suddenly go to sleep or feel weak because you are extremely tired
3. He couldn’t have been very hungry. He just…………….at his food.
A. worked B. nibbled C. got D. marked down
nibble (away) at sth=to slowly reduce something
4. Simon hasn’t got a job, and isn’t trying to get one: he just………..his friends.
A. meddles with B. drags on C. sponges on D. tarts up
sponge on= take advantage of someone else's generosity, charity, or hospitality in order to obtain something,
typically money or food, as a handout.
be a drag on sb/sth=to slow down or limit the development of someone or something
meddle with (someone or something)=To interfere or involve oneself with someone or something in an
intrusive, unwelcome, or unsolicited manner.
tart sth up=to make something look more attractive or decorative, usually by making very quick or very
obvious changes
5. At first, the managing director insisted that he was right and everyone else was mistaken, but in the end
was forced to…………..
A. ease off B. gulp down C. scrape through D. climb down
climb down= change your opinion or admit that you were wrong
scrape through= succeed in something but with a lot of difficulty
ease off= gradually stop or become less
gulp down = eat at an extremely fast rate
6. I need twenty pounds to…………me………..until the end of the month.
A. turn in B. tide over C. dig into D. dry up
Tide over = help someone to work or operate normally through a difficult period, usually by lending them
money
Dig into= press or push, or to press or push an object, hard into someone or something
Dry up= to no longer exist or be available
7. You must try not to…………your brother’s death.
A. roll on B. make out C. dwell on D. wipe out
dwell on = keep thinking or talking about something, especially something bad or unpleasant

8. The patient was very ill indeed. The doctors were working……….time.
A. against B. with C. on D. for
Work against time= làm vc chạy đua với thời gian
9. The boxer lost the fight because he hit his opponent…………the belt.
A. at B. by C. around D. below
hit (one) below the belt=To unfairly target one's weakness or vulnerability. The phrase refers to boxing, in
which hitting an opponent below the waist is prohibited.
10. I felt pleased I no longer had the responsibility. It was a weight…………….my shoulders.
A. on B. with C. off D. from
a weight off my shoulders.=To be a relief after having shared what one is thinking or feeling with others, or
upon no longer having a particular problem.

B: COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B C C B C B B C A B
1. The last candidate for the managerial position is a pretty unknown _____________.
A. Quality B. quantity C. quandary D. qualification
Unknown quantity = a person or thing whose nature, value, or significance cannot be determined or is not
yet known.
2. The couple tied the knot two months after they met – it was indubitably a _________ romance.
A. typhoon B. hurricane C. whirlwind D. cyclone
Whirlwind romance = cơn lốc tình yêu/ hôn nhân thần tốc
3. The introduction of new immigration laws is the ___________ of the town these days.
A. gossip B. story C. talk D. tale
The talk of the town = to be what everyone is talking about
4. Although initially regarded as a ________________, Leicester City finished 2014-2015 Premier
League being the champion.
A. rank interloper B. rank outsider C. rank newcomer D. rank foreigner
rank outsider=someone who is not expected to win a race or competition:
5. I don’t expect the entry test this year will be more demanding, but ___________, I don’t think it will
be simpler either.
A. over and above B. on the side C. by the same token D. for good measure
by the same token = tương tự, vì lẽ ấy, vì những nguyên nhân giống nhau, vì cùng lí do đó nên...
6. I love hanging out with Mary – she is really a __________ of sunshine
A. beam B. ray C. glow D. light
A ray of sunshine" được dùng khi một vật hay người nào đó đem lại hi vọng trong tình huống khó khăn
7. The teacher, by dint of draconian disciplinary measures, has ___________ terror among his students.
A. stimulated B. inspired C. engaged D. stirred
8. The new superconductors look set to ____________ a useful niche for themselves in the world's
electrical industries.
A. etch B. incise C. carve D. lacerate
carve a niche for yourself = you organize your work to create a secure position.
9. Many people, for all the repeated warnings, remain _______________ ignorant of the danger of
using the mobile phones at night.
A. blissfully B. delightedly C. jubilantly D. ecstatically
Blissfully ignorant= not knowing any of the unpleasant facts about something
10. The authority should not have made those cutting comments, no matter how you _____ it.
A. cut b. slice c. chop d. clip
no matter how you slice it=Regardless of how a situation is analyzed, viewed, or portrayed, the truth of it
remains unchanged.
Part 2:
1. advance => advanced 6. coding => coded
2. find => found 7. its => their
3. impinging => impinge 8. performances => performers
4. way => a way 9. message => messages
5. as => like 10. to share => to be shared

Part 3:
In the north-west corner of the island paradise Isla Perlita, nestling in the shadow of Mount Machu, lies the
sleepy village of San Lorenzo. Off the beaten (86)_______, there is nothing out of the ordinary about this
quaint little village -nothing, that is, apart from the magnificent (87)_______ Bay Hotel. The Bay, as it is
known locally, is a recent development catering for (88)_______travellers who enjoy luxury holiday-
making. Famous throughout the island for the outstanding quality of its accommodation and the excellence
of its cuisine, the Bay (89)_______ 30 guest suites, each with a charm and character of its own. Each suite
looks (90)_______ Falmer Beach, commanding breathtaking views of the four miles of white sand, which
gently shelves into the (91)_______ clear waters of the Crepuscan Sea. At the heart of the Bay Hotel is
personal, efficient and unobtrusive service. (92)_______ staff anticipate your every need in an atmosphere
of quiet professionalism and genuine friendliness. (93)_______, the Bay Hotel is a place to get (94)_______
from the stresses of everyday life, and whether it is (95)_______ away the hours soaking up the sun or
taking advantage of the wide range of recreational activities that the hotel has on offer, you can be sure that a
holiday at the Bay truly is the holiday of a lifetime.
86. A. path B. track C. road D. way
off the beaten track: ở nơi xa xôi
87. A. starred B. stars C. star D. starring
88. A. disconcerting B. discerning C. distinctive D. discriminated
discerning: biết thưởng thức
89. A. announces B. claims C. asserts D. boasts
boast: to have or own something to be proud of:
90. A. back on B. onto C. into D. down
look (out) onto: to have a clear and direct view of something or some place
91. A. crystal B. sky C. diamond D. pearl
Crystal clear: trong như pha lê
92. A. Preoccupied B. Attentive C. Concentrated D. Undivided
Attentive: tận tâm,chu đáo
93. A. All over B. For all C. Above all D. All along
Above all: most importantly
94. A. out B. over C. off D. away
Get away from: leave or escape from a person or place, often when it is difficult to do this
95. A. whiling B. wearing C. wending D. winding
While away: kill time
\Part 4: (Source: CPE EXPERT- workbook)
1. Combine 2. In 3. Enough 4. Out 5. It
6. Rather 7. Elements 8. At 9. Being/getting 10. Another
Part 5 (15 pts) 1.5 pt/correct answer
1. D 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. C
6. B 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. D
The Origins of Theater
1. In seeking to describe the origins of theater, one must rely primarily on speculation, since there is little
concrete evidence on which to draw. The most widely accepted theory, championed by anthropologists in
the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, envisions theater as emerging out of myth and ritual. The
process perceived by these anthropologists may be summarized briefly. During the early stages of its
development, a society becomes aware of forces that appear to influence or control its food supply and well–
being. Having little understanding of natural causes, it attributes both desirable and undesirable occurrences
to supernatural or magical forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces. Perceiving an
apparent connection between certain actions performed by the group and the result it desires, the group
repeats, refines, and formalizes those actions into fixed ceremonies, or rituals.
2. Stories (myths) may then grow up around a ritual. Frequently the myths include representatives of hose
supernatural forces that the rites celebrate or hope to influence. Performers may wear costumes and masks to
represent the mythical characters or supernatural forces in the rituals or in accompanying celebrations. As a
people becomes more sophisticated, its conceptions of supernatural forces and causal relationships nay
change. As a result, it may abandon or modify some rites. But the myths that have grown up around the rites
may continue as part of the group’s oral tradition and may even come to be acted out under conditions
divorced from these rites. When this occurs, the first step has been taken toward theater as an autonomous
activity, and thereafter entertainment and aesthetic values may gradually replace the former mystical and
socially efficacious concerns.
3. Although origin in ritual as long been the most popular, it is by no means the only theory about how the
theater came into being. Storytelling has been proposed as one alternative. Under this theory, relating and
listening to stories are seen as fundamental human pleasures. Thus, the recalling of an event (a hunt, battle,
or other feat) is elaborated through the narrator’s pantomime and impersonation and eventually through each
role being assumed by a different person.
4. A closely related theory sees theater as evolving out of dances that are primarily pantomimic, rhythmical
or gymnastic, or from imitations if animal noises and sounds. Admiration for the performer’s skill,
virtuosity, and grace are seen as motivation for elaborating the activities into fully realized theatrical
performances.
5. In addition to exploring the possible antecedents of theater, scholars have also theorized about the motives
that led people to develop theater. Why did the theater develop, and why was it valued after it ceased to
fulfill the function of ritual? Most answers fall back on the theories about the human mind and basic human
needs. One, set forth by Aristotle in the fourth century B.C., sees humans as naturally imitative – as taking
pleasure in imitating persons, things, and actions and in seeing such imitations. Another, advanced in the
twentieth century, suggests that humans have a gift for fantasy, through which they seek to reshape reality
into more satisfying forms than those encountered in daily life. Thus, fantasy or fiction (of which drama is
one form) permits people to objectify their anxieties and fears, confront them, and fulfill their hopes in
fiction if not fact. The theater, then, is one tool whereby people define and understand their world or escape
from unpleasant realities.
6. But neither the human imitative instinct nor a penchant for fantasy by itself leads to an autonomous
theater. Therefore, additional explanations are needed. One necessary condition seems to be a somewhat
detached view of human problems. For example, one sign of this condition is the appearance of the comic
vision, since comedy requires sufficient detachment to view some deviations from social norms as ridiculous
rather than as serious threats to the welfare of the entire group. Another condition that contributes to the
development of autonomous theater is the emergence of the aesthetic sense. For example, some early
societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them; nevertheless,
they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them
for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.
1. The word “championed” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. changed B. debated C. created D. supported
Champion=support= binh vực,ủng hộ
2. The world “attributes” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. ascribes B. leaves C. limits D. contrasts
Attributes= ascribes= gán cho,quy cho
3. According to paragraph 1, theories of the origins of theater
A. are mainly hypothetical
B. are well supported by factual evidence
C. have rarely been agreed upon by anthropologists
D. were expressed in the early stages of theater’s development
3. Theo đoạn 1, các lý thuyết về nguồn gốc của rạp hát
A. chủ yếu là giả thuyết
B. được hỗ trợ tốt bởi bằng chứng thực tế
C. hiếm khi được các nhà nhân học đồng ý
D. được thể hiện trong giai đoạn đầu phát triển của nhà hát
Clue: In seeking to describe the origins of theater, one must rely primarily on speculation, since there
is little concrete evidence on which to draw. The most widely accepted theory, championed by
anthropologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries,
Để tìm cách mô tả nguồn gốc của rạp hát, người ta phải dựa chủ yếu vào suy đoán, vì có rất ít bằng
 chứng cụ thể để rút ra. Lý thuyết được chấp nhận rộng rãi nhất, được các nhà nhân loại học ủng hộ
vào cuối thế kỷ 19 và đầu thế kỷ 20
4. According to paragraph 1, why did some societies develop and repeat ceremonial actions?
A. To establish a positive connection between the members of the society
B. To help society members better understand the forces controlling their food supply
C. To distinguish their beliefs from those of other societies
D. To increase the society’s prosperity
4. Theo đoạn 1, tại sao một số xã hội phát triển và lặp lại các hành động nghi lễ?
A. Để thiết lập một kết nối tích cực giữa các thành viên của xã hội
B. Để giúp các thành viên xã hội hiểu rõ hơn về các lực lượng kiểm soát nguồn cung cấp thực phẩm
của họ
C. Để phân biệt niềm tin của họ với niềm tin của các xã hội khác
D. Để tăng sự thịnh vượng của xã hội
Clue: During the early stages of its development, a society becomes aware of forces that appear to
influence or control its food supply and well–being
5. The word “autonomous” in the passage is closest meaning to
A. artistic B. important C. independent D. established
Autonomous =independent =tự chủ,tự trị,đọc lập
6. According to paragraph 2, what may cause societies to abandon certain rites?
A. Emphasizing theater as entertainment
B. Developing a new understanding of why events occur
C. Finding a more sophisticated way of representing mythical characters
D. Moving from a primarily oral tradition to a more written tradition
6. Theo đoạn 2, điều gì có thể khiến xã hội từ bỏ một số nghi thức nhất định?
A. Nhấn mạnh rạp hát là giải trí
B. Phát triển một hiểu biết mới về lý do tại sao các sự kiện xảy ra
C. Tìm ra một cách thể hiện tinh vi hơn các nhân vật thần thoại
D. Chuyển từ một truyền thống truyền khẩu chủ yếu sang một truyền thống thành văn hơn
Clue: As a people becomes more sophisticated, its conceptions of supernatural forces and causal
relationships nay change. As a result, it may abandon or modify some rites.
Khi một người trở nên tinh vi hơn, quan niệm của họ về các lực lượng siêu nhiên và các mối quan hệ
nhân quả sẽ thay đổi. Do đó, nó có thể từ bỏ hoặc sửa đổi một số nghi thức
7. All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 5 as possible reasons that led societies to develop theater
EXCEPT:
A. Theater allows people to face what they are afraid of.
B. Theater gives an opportunity to imagine a better reality.
C. Theater is a way to enjoy imitating other people.
D. Theater provides people the opportunity to better understand the human mind.
7. Tất cả những điều sau đây được đề cập trong đoạn 5 như là những lý do có thể khiến các xã hội
phát triển rạp hát NGOẠI TRỪ:
A. Nhà hát cho phép mọi người đối mặt với những gì họ sợ hãi.
B. Nhà hát tạo cơ hội để tưởng tượng một thực tế tốt hơn.
C. Sân khấu là một cách để thích bắt chước người khác.
D. Nhà hát cung cấp cho mọi người cơ hội để hiểu rõ hơn về tâm trí con người.
Clue: One, set forth by Aristotle in the fourth century B.C., sees humans as naturally imitative – as
taking pleasure in imitating persons, things, and actions and in seeing such imitations. Another,
advanced in the twentieth century, suggests that humans have a gift for fantasy, through which they
seek to reshape reality into more satisfying forms than those encountered in daily life. Thus, fantasy
or fiction (of which drama is one form) permits people to objectify their anxieties and fears, confront
them, and fulfill their hopes in fiction if not fact. The theater, then, is one tool whereby people define
and understand their world or escape from unpleasant realities.

Một, được đặt ra bởi Aristotle vào thế kỷ thứ tư trước Công nguyên, coi con người là bắt chước một
cách tự nhiên - như thích thú khi bắt chước người, sự vật và hành động và khi nhìn thấy những sự bắt
chước như vậy.
Một người khác, tiên tiến trong thế kỷ 20, cho rằng con người có năng khiếu về tưởng tượng, qua đó
 họ tìm cách định hình lại thực tế thành những hình thức thỏa mãn hơn những hình thức gặp phải
trong cuộc sống hàng ngày. Do đó, giả tưởng hoặc hư cấu (trong đó chính kịch là một dạng) cho phép
mọi người khách quan hóa những lo lắng và sợ hãi của họ, đối mặt với chúng và thực hiện hy vọng
của họ trong tiểu thuyết nếu không phải là sự thật. Vì vậy, nhà hát là một công cụ giúp mọi người xác
định và hiểu thế giới của họ hoặc thoát khỏi những thực tế khó chịu.
8. Which of the following best describes the organization of paragraph 5?
A. The author presents two theories for a historical phenomenon.
B. The author argues against theories expressed earlier in the passage.
C. The author argues for replacing older theories with a new one.
D. The author points out problems with two popular theories.
8. Điều nào sau đây mô tả đúng nhất cách tổ chức của đoạn văn 5?
A. Tác giả đưa ra hai giả thuyết cho một hiện tượng lịch sử.
B. Tác giả lập luận chống lại các lý thuyết được trình bày trước đó trong đoạn văn.
C. Tác giả lập luận để thay thế các lý thuyết cũ hơn bằng một lý thuyết mới.
D. Tác giả chỉ ra các vấn đề với hai lý thuyết phổ biến.
Clue: . In addition to exploring the possible antecedents of theater, scholars have also theorized about
the motives that led people to develop theater....One.............Another.........
9. The word “penchant” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. compromise B. inclination C. tradition D. respect
Penchant=inclination= thiên hướng,khuynh hướng
10. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the italic sentence in the
passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. A society’s rites were more likely to be retained in the oral tradition if its myths were admired for
artistic qualities.
B. The artistic quality of a myth was sometimes an essential reason for a society to abandon it from
the oral tradition.
C. Some early societies stopped using myths in their religious practices when rites ceased to be seen
as useful for social well-being.
D. Myths sometimes survived in a society’s tradition because of their artistic qualities even after they
were no longer deemed religiously beneficial.
10. Câu nào dưới đây diễn đạt đúng nhất thông tin cần thiết trong câu in nghiêng trong đoạn văn? Lựa chọn
không chính xác làm thay đổi ý nghĩa theo những cách quan trọng hoặc bỏ qua thông tin cần thiết.
A. Các nghi thức của một xã hội có nhiều khả năng được lưu giữ lại trong truyền khẩu nếu những câu
chuyện thần thoại của nó được ngưỡng mộ vì những phẩm chất nghệ thuật.
B. Chất lượng nghệ thuật của một câu chuyện thần thoại đôi khi là một lý do thiết yếu để một xã hội từ bỏ
nó khỏi truyền khẩu.
C. Một số xã hội ban đầu ngừng sử dụng huyền thoại trong thực hành tôn giáo của họ khi các nghi thức
không còn được coi là hữu ích cho hạnh phúc xã hội.
D. Thần thoại đôi khi vẫn tồn tại trong truyền thống của xã hội vì những phẩm chất nghệ thuật của chúng
ngay cả sau khi chúng không còn được coi là có lợi về mặt tôn giáo nữa
Clue: For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and
abandoned them; nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up
around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.
Ví dụ, một số xã hội ban đầu không còn coi một số nghi thức nhất định là thiết yếu đối với hạnh phúc của họ
và từ bỏ chúng; tuy nhiên, họ giữ lại như một phần của truyền thống truyền khẩu của họ những huyền thoại
đã lớn lên xung quanh các nghi lễ và ngưỡng mộ họ vì phẩm chất nghệ thuật của họ hơn là vì tính hữu ích
tôn giáo của họ.
Part 6 (15 pts) 1.5 pt/correct answer
1. v 2. vii 3. ix 4. viii 5. iv
6. bred
7. agricultural crop
8. man-made
9. cautious
10. long time
Mutual harm
A In forests and fields all over the world, plants are engaged in a deadly chemical war to suppress other
plants and create conditions for their own success. But what if we could learn the secrets of these plants and
use them for our own purposes? Would it be possible to use their strategies and weapons to help us improve
agriculture by preventing weeds from germinating and encouraging growth in crops? This possibility is
leading agricultural researchers to explore the effects plants have on other plants with the aim of applying
their findings to farming.
B v What is allelopathy?
The phenomenon by which an organism produces one or more chemicals that influence the growth, survival
and reproduction of other organisms is called allelopathy. These chemicals are a subset of chemicals
produced by organisms called secondary metabolites(.Hiện tượng một sinh vật sản xuất ra một hoặc nhiều
chất hóa học có ảnh hưởng đến sự phát triển, tồn tại và sinh sản của các sinh vật khác được gọi là hiện tượng
allelopathy. Những hóa chất này là một tập hợp con của các chất hóa học được tạo ra bởi các sinh vật được
gọi là chất chuyển hóa thứ cấp) A plant's primary metabolites are associated with growth and development.
Allelochemicals, however, are part of a plant's defence system and have a secondary function in the life of
the organism. The term allelopathy comes from the Greek: allelo and pathy meaning 'mutual harm'. The
term was first used by the Austrian scientist Hans Molisch in 1937, but people have been noting the negative
effects that one plant can have on another for a long time. In 300 BC, the Greek philosopher Theophrastus
noticed that pigweed had a negative effect on alfalfa plants. In China, around the first century AD, the author
of Shennong Ben Cao Jing described 267 plants that have the ability to kill pests.
 Cảm nhiễm qua lại là gì
C vii The effects of allelopathy and realisation of its possible uses
Allelopathy can be observed in many aspects of plant ecology. It can affect where certain species of plants
grow, the fertility of competitor plants, the natural change of plant communities over time, which plant
species are able to dominate a particular area, and the diversity of plants in an area. ( Nó có thể ảnh hưởng
đến nơi một số loài thực vật phát triển, khả năng sinh sản của các loài thực vật cạnh tranh, sự thay đổi tự
nhiên của các quần xã thực vật theo thời gian, loài thực vật nào có khả năng thống trị một khu vực cụ thể và
sự đa dạng của thực vật trong một khu vực.) Plants can release allelopathic chemicals in several ways: their
roots can release chemicals directly into the soil, and their bark and leaves can release chemicals into the soil
as they rot. Initially, scientists were interested in the negative effects of allelopathic chemicals. Observations
of the phenomenon included poor growth of some forest trees, damage to crops, changes in vegetation
patterns and, interestingly, the occurrence of weed-free areas. It was also realised that some species could
have beneficial effects on agricultural crop plants and the possible application of allelopathy became the
subject of research. Các quan sát về hiện tượng bao gồm sự phát triển kém của một số cây rừng, thiệt hại về
mùa màng, sự thay đổi của các kiểu thảm thực vật và thú vị là sự xuất hiện của các khu vực không có cỏ dại.
Người ta cũng nhận ra rằng một số loài có thể có tác dụng hữu ích đối với cây trồng nông nghiệp và việc
ứng dụng khả năng gây bệnh alen đã trở thành chủ đề nghiên cứu.
=> Ảnh hưởng của cảm nhiễm qua lại và nhận ra các công dụng có thể có của nó
D ix Specific examples of alleiopathic plants
Today research is focused on the effects of weeds on crops, the effects of crops on weeds, and how certain
crops affect other crops. Agricultural scientists are exploring the use of allelochemicals to regulate growth
and to act as natural herbicides, thereby promoting sustainable agriculture by using these natural chemicals
as an alternative to man-made chemicals. For example, a small fast-growing tree found in Central America,
sometimes called the 'miracle tree', contains a poison that slows the growth of other trees but does not affect
its own seeds. Chemicals produced by this tree have been shown to improve the production of rice.
Similarly, box elder - another tree - stimulates the growth of bluestem grass, which is a tall prairie grass
found in the mid-western United States. Many weeds may use allelopathy to become ecologically
successful; a study in China found that 25 out of 33 highly poisonous weeds had significant allelopathic
properties. Ví dụ, một loại cây nhỏ phát triển nhanh được tìm thấy ở Trung Mỹ, đôi khi được gọi là 'cây thần
kỳ', có chứa chất độc làm chậm sự phát triển của các cây khác nhưng không ảnh hưởng đến hạt của chính nó.
Hóa chất do cây này tạo ra đã được chứng minh là có thể cải thiện sản lượng gạo. Tương tự, cây cơm cháy -
một loại cây khác - kích thích sự phát triển của cỏ bluestem, một loại cỏ thảo nguyên cao được tìm thấy ở
miền trung tây Hoa Kỳ. Nhiều loài cỏ dại có thể sử dụng phương pháp allelopathy để trở nên thành công về
mặt sinh thái học; một nghiên cứu ở Trung Quốc cho thấy 25 trong số 33 loại cỏ dại có độc tính cao có đặc
tính allelopathic đáng kể.
 Các VD về các loài thực vật cảm nhiễm qua lại
E viii How could we use alleiopathic chemicals in farming?
There may be at least three applications of allelopathy to agriculture. Firstly, the allelopathic properties of
wild or cultivated plants may be bred into crop plants through genetic modification or traditional breeding
methods to improve the release of desired allelochemicals and thus improve crop yield. hứ nhất, các đặc tính
allelopathic của thực vật hoang dã hoặc trồng trọt có thể được lai tạo thành cây trồng thông qua biến đổi gen
hoặc các phương pháp nhân giống truyền thống để cải thiện việc giải phóng các chất hóa sinh mong muốn
và do đó cải thiện năng suất cây trồng.Secondly, a plant with strong allelopathic properties could be used to
control weeds by planting it in rotation with an agricultural crop Thứ hai, một loại cây có đặc tính
allelopathic mạnh có thể được sử dụng để kiểm soát cỏ dại bằng cách trồng luân canh với một loại cây nông
nghiệp and then leaving it to rot and become part of the soil in order to inhibit the growth of weeds. Finally,
naturally occurring allelopathic chemicals could be used in combination with man-made chemicals. Cuối
cùng, các hóa chất allelopathic tự nhiên có thể được sử dụng kết hợp với các hóa chất nhân tạo. Boosting the
efficiency of man-made herbicides could lead to a reduction in the amount of herbicides used in agriculture,
which is better for the environment.
 Cách sử dụng chất hóa học cảm nhiễm qua lại trong nông nghiệp
F iv Why we cannot use alleiopathic chemicals at present
Despite the promising uses of allelopathic chemicals, agricultural scientists are still cautious. Firstly,
allelopathic chemicals may break down and disappear in the soil more easily than artificial chemicals.
Secondly, allelopathic chemicals may be harmful to plants other than weeds. Thirdly, allelopathic chemicals
could persist in the soil for a long time and may affect crops grown in the same field as the allelopathic
plants at a later date. Bất chấp những công dụng đầy hứa hẹn của hóa chất allelopathic, các nhà khoa học
nông nghiệp vẫn tỏ ra thận trọng. Thứ nhất, hóa chất allelopathic có thể phân hủy và biến mất trong đất dễ
dàng hơn so với hóa chất nhân tạo. Thứ hai, hóa chất allelopathic có thể gây hại cho các loại cây trồng khác
ngoài cỏ dại. Thứ ba, hóa chất allelopathic có thể tồn tại trong đất trong một thời gian dài và có thể ảnh
hưởng đến cây trồng trên đồng ruộng với cây allelopathic vào một ngày sau đó Because the effects of
allelopathic chemicals are not yet fully known, agricultural scientists will need to continue to study the
biological war between plants.
 Tại sao chúng ta không thể sử dụng hóa chất cảm nhiễm qua lại hiện nay
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-F from the list of headings below. Write the correct
number, i-ix, next to Questions 1-5.
Example Answer
Paragraph A iii

Part 7 (10 pts) 1 pt/correct answer

47 C. Second sentence of this paragraph states: ‘… boredom has a definite evolutionary purpose.’. The
author then carries on the substantiate this claim by an example of what we’d be like if we didn’t allow
ourself to get bored occasionally.

48 D. The middle of the paragraph mentions the author turning off his phone on the weekends.

49 B. Second sentence of Paragraph B: ‘… It’s a beautiful theory and one that would definitely hold an
allure for many people.’

50 A. The middle of the paragraph mentions a thinker, who came to realise ‘several decades ago’ that
boredom can be beneficial to us.

51 D. Second sentence of this paragraph makes it clear that ‘pondering’ and purposefully avoiding any
activity are different things.

52 C. Last sentence of the paragraph gives an example of incorrect lessons that we give to our children, how
boredom is something bad, whereas as it turns out it can be quite useful.

53 A. The complicated phrasing of the question can be misleading. Simply put, we need to find a mention of
some activity that is common nowadays and takes place everywhere. What the author implies is the use of
various electronic devices such as mp3 players and smartphones. See sentence one of this paragraph.

54 D. In the second part of Paragraph D the author mentions turning off their mobile phone for the weekend
and how they find the effect profoundly beneficial. Their mind becomes ‘refreshed and revitalized’.
55 B. ‘A modern research’ mentioned in third sentence of this paragraph is the ‘particular finding’ from the
task.

56 C. Second sentence of Paragraph C: ‘… boredom has a definite evolutionary purpose.’.

Part 8:
1. Nobody realized at the outset of their trek how bad the weather would become
. At/from the outset (of something)" -> nghĩa là lúc bắt đầu/khởi đầu.
2. The footballer’s knee injury put paid to his hopes of a first team place.
Put paid to; finish or destroy something
3. This clock was handed down from my grandfather to my father and, in turn, to me
Be handed down from : truyền từ thế hệ này sang thế hệ khác,từ người này sang người khác .
4. Don't make a mountain out of a molehill.
make a mountain out of a molehill: Chuyện bé xé ra to,thổi phồng sự việc

5. They arrived at their destination safe and sound.

Safe and sound; bình an,vô sự ,đến nơi an toàn
6. a far cry from
a far cry from: khác xa với ,hoàn toán khác biệt
7. They are living from hand to mouth and are worried about being evicted for not being able to pay
the rent.
Live from hand to mouth: to have just enough money and nothing extra

8. is getting on top of
Get on top of (one) = Đạt tới đỉnh điểm -> Công việc quá tải, cứ dồn dập tại một thời điểm nên bạn muốn
tránh và không muốn thực hiện. Vì thế, dễ khiến bạn bị đau đầu, buồn chán và khó giải quyết công việc một
cách hiệu quả. Một nghĩa khác nữa là điều gì đó làm bạn lo lắng, áp lực hoặc chán nản

9. lock horns with

lock horns with: argue or fight with someone

10. caught in the act of driving

Catch in the act of: bị bắt quả tang làm gì
TEST 6

KEY
Phần 1:
Part 1: Listen to a discussion on expectations in today’s job market and choose the correct answer A, B,
C, or D which fits best according to what your hear. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered
boxes provided. (10pts) (Adopted from Cambridge Objective Proficiency)
1. B 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. A

Part 2: You will hear part of an interview with Norman Cowley, a well-known novelist and biographer.
For questions 1-5, decide whether the statement is TRUE (T) or FALSE (F). Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided. (10 pts) (Adapted from Cambridge Certificate in Advanced
English 6)
1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F

Part 3: You will hear an interview with a man called Daren Howarth, who works as a
carbon coach. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes
provided. (20 pts) (Adopted from FCE listening test 6)
1. consultant 2. ecologist 3. bills 4. carbon 5. the
meter government
6. light bulbs 7. its/their 8. Earthship 9. the wind 10. handbook
concerts power
Part 1
Interviewer: Diane Webber, you’ve switched careers more than once during your own working life, and
you now run a highly regarded employment agency for media high-fliers, where, above all, you advise your
clients, both companies and applicants, to be fully flexible. You seem to see this as a fundamental principle,
if your agency slogan – ‘Keeping your options open’ – is anything to go by. Is that a fair assessment of how
you operate?
Diane Webber: Absolutely. I know that not so very long ago we used to see jobs for life as the norm, with
unquestioning company loyalty, and a golden handshake at the end of it all – which, nine times out of ten,
probably wasn’t in actual fact deserved – but things are very different now. And yes, there does seem to be
something positive in all this, despite the obvious question mark over security. Successful players in the
current job market cut their teeth in one firm, and are willing to step sideways more than once to gain fresh
experience. Unlike their predecessors, they may only progress up the rungs when they land their third or
fourth job, or even later in their career. This increased movement brings benefits, not just for them, but for
the companies they work for, too.
Interviewer: In spite of the instability? Surely it’s important to have some continuity?
Diane Webber: Well actually, it’s a mixed blessing. Individuals can get terribly stale if they stick in one
place for too long, especially if they report to managers who fail to challenge them. That implies a hierarchy
riddled with complacency and under-achievement, which can no longer be tolerated in today’s fast-moving,
dog-eat dog world. Also, much of today’s work consists of fixed term projects, done in teams, and if one or
two members drop out along the way, it really doesn’t matter, provided that the team remains an entity. The
one exception to this is the team leaders themselves, who are not only the driving force, but the guardians of
the project, who hold important historical detail in their heads, so yes, continuity is important there. But even
then it’s a clearly defined cycle. We’re frequently approached by highly experienced team leaders who,
having completed one project, decide they can’t face even the slightest whiff of repetition and so come to us
seeking fresh challenges.
Interviewer: And they manage to find work?
Diane Webber: Oh, they’re snapped up! Because generally speaking, a project-based job can easily
demonstrate a track record, it’s there in the successful completion of the project.
Interviewer: And these people would have no problem getting references from the employers they’re
essentially walking out on? I would have thought that that could be an issue …
Diane Webber: Employers don’t view it like that at all. Their mindset is different now, as I said earlier, and
companies actually take steps to foster a more dynamic environment, as they feel this yields better
productivity, though the jury’s still out on this, in my view. Nevertheless, with a flow of people, there’s a
quantum leap in terms of the ideas generated, not to mention the chance of new ways of problem-solving
imported from elsewhere. These effects are tangible and they’re often very attractive because they’re
perceived as lean and efficient, instant solutions, even if they generally turn out to be only quick fixes which
later have to be reversed.
Interviewer: Ah, but isn’t that the nub of it all, that this shifting and fragmented approach leads to poor
decisions? Of course, the perpetrators are never taken to task, as they’ve already made a quick exit and are
knocking on your door for another job!
Diane Webber: That’s a bit unfair! For one thing, there’ve always been bad decisions. No company can rely
on its personnel to make the right choices one hundred per cent of the time – even with the help of highly-
paid outside consultants, staff will continue to get it wrong from time to time. However, I’d argue that it’s
the mediocre employees, who just want to keep their heads down, who are far more likely to cause problems
than the risk-takers, who, don’t forget, are only as employable as their last success.
Interviewer: Ruthless …
Diane Webber: Pragmatic!
Interviewer: Which brings us neatly back to your slogan, doesn’t it? Keeping your options open. How far do
you encourage people to go in this?
Diane Webber: With new opportunities opening up all the time, the sky’s the limit really. It’s certainly
never too late to contemplate a move, and so the maxim has to be, don’t rule anything in or out.
Interviewer: We’ll end on that positive note. Diane Webber, thank you.
Diane Webber: It’s been a pleasure.
Part 2
Interviewer: With us today to discuss his careerwe have Norman Cowley, renowned novelist and
biographer. So let's start at the beginning, Norman. You did say, some years ago, that you began high on the
mountain, only to go down sharply while others were passing you on the way up. Do you think now, when
you look back at your first novel, that it had anything that you were not able to recapture later?
Norman Cowley: You can't write a worthwhile book, or you can't continue to be a reasonable writer if you
start recapturing what you've done earlier. So there are all sorts of positive things in my first book that I'll
never achieve again – the immediacy of it, the easiness of the dialogue, the kind of stylistic elegance that
comes from not trying to be too sophisticated. But, on the other hand, I wouldn't want to repeat it.
Interviewer: Now, after the tremendous success of that first novel, your second one was pretty much
damned by the critics.
Norman Cowley: Oh, more than damned. It was torn apart!
Interviewer: Well, now, that must have hurt, probably more than anything subsequently.
Norman Cowley: It was shocking, because, and you know this is going to sound silly, but I couldn't believe
the intensity of the attack on it. I remember one awful review by a longstanding, distinguished critic, who
was uncharacteristically attempting to be witty, I suspect. He wrote that the book was pace less, tasteless,
graceless. Now it certainly had its faults but er ... it had pace, it had its own kind of taste in tune with the
youth culture of the time, and I like to think it had some grace. It was almost as if the reviewer had
deliberately set out to pick the few good things he could find in the book and wreck them too. It was a
demolition job.
Interviewer: But did this rejection push you in a different direction?
Norman Cowley: It left me very confused. I thought maybe I should give up and become something else,
but I didn't know what. So I wandered around and finally started thinking about the next book, 'The Green
Wood'. Of course you get good reviews too, which give you hope, and the bad ones toughen you. Finally
after many, many years, you realize that it's part of it. In a way, it's a pruning process. It cuts down all but
the people who are really driven to be writers. So there are far more people who write two novels than six or
seven.
Interviewer: After a while, people began to see some autobiographical content in your fiction. Was that
fair?
Norman Cowley: It was half fair. You don't ever put someone into a book completely. You don't dare
because if you do, you've got a dull character. The point is that if you put people that you know very well,
like your wife or children, into a book, they're real for you already, so you don't have to create them. So they
say a few things that they say every day and they're real for you, but not for anyone else. It's better if you
change them. I love taking people and transforming them to a degree by, say, putting them in an occupation
they don't have and so on.
Interviewer: And what do you think about some of the novels written today with their extremely violent
plots?
Norman Cowley: I don't care what characters do in a novel. I'm willing to read about the worst human
monster, provided the novelist can make that person come alive. A novel should enable you to learn more
about the depths of human nature. Some of today's violent novels don't do that. There's no inner voyage. The
writing's descriptive but not revealing. Probably there's such a thing as 'going too far', but only if you don't
fulfil the prescription. You can go as far as you want but your imagination has to be equal to it.
Interviewer: So the novel is still mainly a kind of psychological journey?
Norman Cowley: Well, it can be many things: a riddle, a game or a wonderful revolution of language. I
would hate to say novels have to be one thing, but the key is that they should illuminate human experience in
a dramatic way. Otherwise why read them? You're going to get a better, swiftly-paced, modern narrative on
the average TV show.
Interviewer: Now, in your selection of subjects for biographical treatment, is there one aspect of all these
people which attracted you?
Norman Cowley: Well, yes, I feel that I'm in a position to write biographies of people who are well-known,
not necessarily because I'm as large a celebrity as they are, although I do think I have more insight into them
than the average good, worthy biographer. They approach from the outside and don't understand the
incredible confusion of identities that grows when you come to celebrity from simpler beginnings. That's
what draws me to these people. Also you have the great advantage of knowing what happened. When you're
a novelist ... you panic about what to do next. You could wreck the book if you go the wrong way.
Interviewer: Now let's turn to your latest novel, which has ...
PART 3
Interviewer: Tonight my guest is Daren Howarth who works as a carbon coach. What exactly does that
mean Daren?
Daren Howarth: Well, most people know about global warming and would like to do something to reduce
the amount of carbon they send out into the atmosphere, but they don't always know the best way of doing
this. What I do as a carbon coach is give them advice about how to achieve environmentally friendly
living. I'm now a full-time consultant, and my clients include both companies and private individuals.
Interviewer: What made you decide to become a carbon coach?
Daren Howarth: Well it all started about fifteen years ago. I'd always been interested in energy-saving and
the environment and I trained as an ecologist. At that time, people were talking about very technical things
like greenhouse gas emissions, then someone came up with the term 'carbon footprint', which is much easier
for people to understand.
Interviewer: And you can tell ordinary families what their carbon footprint is, can't you?
Daren Howarth: That's right. I work out how much carbon dioxide the family's generated over a
year; firstly by studying their bills, then finding out how much waste they produce, how much they use the
car, and so on. Adding together all these figures, I calculate their total carbon footprint in tonnes of carbon
dioxide. Then I take a look around their home and suggest ways of reducing their carbon footprint.
Interviewer: How do you work out how much carbon each machine around the house emits?
Daren Howarth: By switching off all the things that use electricity, then turning each one on one at a time,
you can see the amount of energy each one uses. I use something known as a 'carbon meter' which measures
the amount of electricity being used in the house at any one time. It also shows how much carbon dioxide
this represents.
Interviewer: What's the least energy efficient thing you've seen in homes?
Daren Howarth: I go into so many places where I look in the roof and there's no insulation, so there's
nothing stopping all the heat just going straight out into the outside air. Insulation massively reduces your
carbon footprint; it's cheap and the government will help with the cost of it.
Interviewer: So is that the worst thing?
Daren Howarth: Well, central heating systems can be very inefficient and people use things like electric
knives and mixers which are unnecessary, but the thing I really can't stand is when people are still using old-
fashioned light bulbs. People can't resist them because they're so cheap, but up to ninety percent of the
energy they produce is lost as heat. If you have one, put it in a box and smash it up, so no one else can use it.
Interviewer: What other type of clients do you have?
Daren Howarth: We work with both individuals and businesses - and even some celebrities, such as the
band Supergrass. For one of their albums about three years ago, the band decided to minimise their carbon
footprint at their concerts and then also cut the amount of carbon produced when making a CD. The carbon
footprint for a disc is just a few grams, but a big band like Supergrass will produce thousands of copies,
which means several tonnes of carbon.
Interviewer: And what are your plans for the future?
Daren Howarth: I'm working hard on introducing a really green type of home in this country known as an
Earthship. It's a building that creates its own energy, heats and cools itself, collects its own water and deals
with its own waste. It's also built from recycled materials. It doesn't need electricity or gas for heating, as it
captures and stores energy by using wind power, and solar panels on the roof charge up batteries which
provide power.
Interviewer: Any disadvantages?
Daren Howarth: You have to change your lifestyle and keep an eye on changes in the weather. There are
thousands of examples around the world and there's a handbook on sale that explains everything about it -
you'll find the details on my website - and it's something you can do for yourself - you don't have to employ
someone to do the work for you.
Interviewer: Well Daren thanks for telling us about carbon footprints and how we can all .

Phần 2:
Part 1: A.
21.D 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. A 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. B

21. The service was slow and the bill was incorrect. I put it ______ _______ poor management.
A. down for B. in by C. in for D. down to
Put sth down to= think that a problem or situation is caused by a particular thing
22. If you were giving a talk, would you want your colleagues in the audience rooting ______ you?
A. on B. up C. for D. out
root for someone/something=to express your support for the success of someone or something:
23. A couple of boys were _____________ in the pool.
A. impinging on B. larking about C. ploughing ahead D. floating out
larking about= have fun by behaving in a silly way
plough ahead =to continue to do something in spite of opposition or difficulties
impinge on/upon sb/sth=have an effect on something, often causing problems by limiting it in some way:
24. We were ____________ the task of writing a report of the college´s games.
A. assigned to B. taken over C. run up D. saddled with
Saddle with = cause (someone or something) to have (a problem, burden, responsibility, etc.
25. He didn´t use his position on the council to lord it ________ people.
A. over B. upon C. for D. on
lord it over someone=to behave as if you are more important than someone and have a right to tell that
person what to do
26. Anti-terrorist squad officers _________ the area to search for possible bombs.
A. sealed off B. set off C. come through D. split up
seal off=to prevent all approach to, or exit from, (an area)=vây chắn không cho vào
27. Two men who had _________ in the container were arrested when the police opened it.
A. stowed away B. seen to C. broken off D. sat around
stow away=to hide on a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle in order to escape from a place or to travel without
paying
28. As we were in an urgent need of syringes and other medical equipment, the aid organization promised
to deliver them the double.
A. with B. in C. at D. round
at/on the double=very quickly and without any delay
29. The secretary dashed ___________ the weekly report to his director
A. up B. off C. of D. for
dash sth off=to write something quickly, putting little effort into it:
30. I __________ an important deal yesterday and she was so thrilled!
A. came across B. mucked up C. shot down D. gunned for
muck sth up=to spoil something completely, or do something very badly

B.
31.B 32.C 33. A 34. D 35. C
36. D 37. A 38. B 39. A 40. C
31. There’s been a slight improvement in his heallth, but he’s not out of the _______ yet.
A. bush B. wood C. hand D. reach
Out of the wood = to no longer be in danger or difficulty
32. He’s unreliable at the best of times, but forgetting my birthday was the last _______.
A. drop B. breath C. straw D. despair
the last straw = giọt nước tràn ly
33. The government has been forced into a ________ after the revelation of a cover-up.
A. climbdown B. getaway C. outbreak D. breakout
Climdown = change your opinion or admit that you were wrong:
Make a getaway =tẩu thoát,trốn thoát
34. The workforce has been pared to the _______.
A. quick B. fruit C. ball D. bone
pare sth (down) to the bone= to reduce something to a level at which only what is absolutely necessary is left
35. Once a major politician endorsed the young man’s candidacy, everyone ______ on the bandwagon and
started supporting him, too.
A. walked B. stepped C. jumped D. climbed
jump on the bandwagon: hùa theo
36. She now says she didn’t really want the job that she failed to get, but I think it’s just ________.
A. a cup of tea B. an act C. full of beans D. sour grapes
A cup of tea= người/điều gì mà mình yêu thích,là sở thích của bản thân
full of beans= tràn đầy năng lượng
sour grapes= If you describe someone's behaviour or opinion as sour grapes, you mean that that person is
angry because they have not got or achieved something that they wanted
37. Be realistic! You can’t go through life looking at the world through _______.
A. rosed-coloured spectacles B. bright sights
C. magnificent spectacles D. green fingers
look at/see sth through rose-coloured/rose-tinted glasses=to see only the pleasant things about a situation and
not notice the things that are unpleasant
38. Those were the ethnic ___________ we put people in then.
A. dogholes B. pigeonholes C. boltholes D. foxholes
Pigeonholes= one of a set of small boxes, open at the front, in which letters and messages are left for
different people
put sth/sb in a pigeonhole=to form a very fixed, often wrong, opinion about what type of person or thing
someone or something is
39. I slept badly last night and am feeling particularly ___________ this morning.
A. slow-witted B. far-reaching C. off-hand D. top-heavy
slow-witted=not clever and therefore slow to notice or understand things
Các từ đồng nghĩa
Far-reaching= ảnh hưởng sâu rộng
top-heavy=If something is top-heavy, it has more weight in the higher part than in the lower part and will
not balance correctly
offhand= without looking for information and without thinking carefully; immediately
40. Searching for one man in this city is like looking for a _________.
A. salt of the earth B. sand in the desert
C. needle in a haystack D. drop in the ocean
Look for a needle in a haystack= tìm kim đáy bể
salt of the earth= Cá nhân hoặc nhóm người được cho là tốt lành và cao thượng trong xã hội.
'A drop in the ocean' = một giọt nước trong biển cả -> từ này chỉ việc làm rất nhỏ bé khi đặt trong tổng thể;
'muối bỏ bể'.
Part 2:
1. preventing->prevention 6. secure -> security
2. acceptable-> accepted 7. shopping -> shops
3. payment -> paid 8. worthless -> worth
4. criminal -> crime 9. arrangement -> arranging
5. present - > presence 10. visible ->vision/visibility

Part 3: Read the text and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D to fill in each blank. Write your
answers in the box below. (10 points)
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. B 10. D
A “biological annihilation” of wildlife in recent decades means a sixth mass extinction in Earth’s history is
under (1) ................... and is more severe than previously feared, according to research. Scientists
analysed both common and rare species and found billions of regional or local populations have been lost.
They blame human overpopulation and overconsumption for the crisis and warn that it threatens the survival
of human civilisation, with just a short (2) ............... of time in which to act. The study, published in the
(3)................ journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, eschews the normally sober
(4) ............. of scientific papers and calls the (5) .................................. loss of wildlife a “biological
annihilation” that (6) ................................ a “frightening assault on the foundations of human
civilisation”. Previous studies have shown species are becoming extinct at a significantly faster rate than for
millions of years before, but even so extinctions remain relatively rare giving the impression of a gradual
loss of biodiversity. The new work instead takes a broader (7) ........................... , assessing many
common species which are losing populations all over the world as their ranges (8) ......................... , but
remain present elsewhere.
The scientists conclude: “The resulting biological annihilation obviously will have serious ecological,
economic and social consequences. Humanity will eventually pay a very high price for the decimation of the
only (9) ....................of life that we know of in the universe.”
 They say, while action to halt the decline remains possible, the (10) ........... do not look good: “All signs
point to ever more powerful assaults on biodiversity in the next two decades, painting a dismal picture of the
future of life, including human life.”

1.A. Route B.process C. Fire D.way

Be under way = have started to happen or be done// have started to move or travel somewhere
2.A. Door B.passage C.window D.tunnel
a short window of time= trong khoảng thời gian ngắn
3.A. co-reviewed B peer-reviewed C.joint-reviewed D. over –reviewed
peer-reviewed= having been read and checked by another scientist or expert working in the same subject
area
4.A. Flow B. Tone C. Aura D. voice
Aura= a feeling or character that a person or place seems to have
5.A. Gigantic B. colossal C. Massive D. tremendous
massive loss= thiệt hại ,mất mát lớn
6.A. Represents B.conveys C.demonstrates D. displays
7.A. Vision B.view C. Point D. look
take a broad view=có tầm nhìn rộng
8.A. Reduce B.shrink C.shorten D.contract
Shrink = become smaller, or to make something smaller
9.A. Assemble B.assemblage C. Abbreviation B. Accumulation
assemblage =a collection of things or a group of people or animals:
10.A. chances B.likelihood C.probabilities D.prospects
Prospects= the possibility that something good might happen in the future

Part 4: Fill in each numbered blank with a suitable word to complete the following text. Write your
answers in the box below. (15 points)
1. inhabitants 2. eruption 3. take 4. imminent 5. volcanic
6. exactly 7. covered 8. everyday / 9. thriving / 10. tragedy
daily prosperous

Part 5. (10 points)

1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. D
Among all the abilities with which an individual may be endowed, musical talent appears earliest in life.
Very young children can exhibit musical precocity for different reasons. Some develop exceptional skill as
a result of a well- designed instructional regime, such as the Suzuki method for the violin. Some have the
good fortune to be born into a musical family in a household filled with music. In a number of interesting
cases, musical talent is part of an otherwise disabling condition such as autism or mental retardation. A
musically gifted child has an inborn talent; however, the extent to which the talent is expressed publicly will
depend upon the environment in which the child lives.
Musically gifted children master at an early age the principal elements of music, including pitch and
rhythm. Pitch – or melody –is more central in certain cultures, for example, in Eastern societies that make
use of tiny quarter – tone intervals. Rhythm, sounds produced at certain auditory frequencies and grouped
according to a prescribed system, is emphasized in sub – Saharan Africa, where the rhythmic ratios can be
very complex.
All children have some aptitude for making music. During infancy, normal children sing as well as
babble, and they can produce individual sounds and sound patterns. Infants as young as two months can
match their mother’s songs in pitch, loudness, and melodic shape, and infants at four months can match
rythmic structure as well. Infants are especially predisposed to acquire these core aspects of music, and they
can also engage in sound play that clearly exhibits creativity.
Individual differences begin to emerge in young children as they learn to sing. Some children can
match large segments of a song by the age of two or three. Many others can only approximate pitch at this
age and may still have difficulty in producing accurate melodies by the age of five or six. However, by the
time they reach school age, most children in any culture have a schema of what a song should be like and
can produce a reasonably accurate imitation of the songs commonly heard in their environment.
 The early appearance of superior musical ability in some children provides evidence that musical
talent may be a separate and unique form of intelligence. There are numerous tales of young artists who have
a remarkable “ear” or extraordinary memory for music and natural understanding of musical structure. In
many of these cases, the child is average in every other way but displays an exceptional ability in music.
Even the most gifted child, however, takes about ten years to achieve the levels of performance or
composition that would constitute mastery of the musical sphere.
Every generation in music history has had its famous prodigies – individuals with exceptional
musical powers that emerge at a young age. In the eighteenth century, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart began
composing and performing at the age of six. As a child, Mozart could play the piano like an adult. He had
perfect pitch, and at age nine he was also a master of the art of modulation – transitions from one key to
another – which became one of the hallmarks of his style. By the age of eleven, he had composed three
symphonies and 30 other major works. Mozart’s well- developed talent was preserved into adulthood.
Unusual musical ability is a regular characteristic of certain anomalies such as autism. In one case, an
autistic girl was able to play “Happy birthday” in the style of various composers, including Mozart,
Beethoven, Verdi, and Schubert. When the girl was three, her mother called her by playing incomplete
melodies, which the child would complete with the appropriate tone in the proper octave. For the autistic
child, music may be the primary mode of communication, and the child may cling to music because it
represents a haven in a world that is largely confusing and frightening.

1,The word “precocity” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to__________

A,strong interest B. good luck C. advanced skill D. personal style
precocity: sự phát triển sớm= advanced skil: kỹ năng vượt bậc
A: niềm đam mê mãnh liệt
B: sự may mắn
D,phong cách cá nhân
2,The author makes the point that musical elements such as pitch and rhythm __________ .
A,distinguish music from other art forms B. vary in emphasis in different cultures
C. make music difficult to learn D. express different human emotions
Clue:Para 2: Pitch – or melody –is more central in certain cultures, for example, in Eastern societies that
make use of tiny quarter – tone intervals. Rhythm, sounds produced at certain auditory frequencies and
grouped according to a prescribed system, is emphasized in sub – Saharan Africa, where the rhythmic
ratios can be very complex.
( Cao độ - hay giai điệu - là chủ yếu ,chiếm phần lớn trong các nền văn hóa nhất định, ví dụ, trong các xã
hội phương Đông sử dụng một phần tư các khoảng thời gian giai điệu . Nhịp điệu, âm thanh được tạo ra
ở các tần số thính giác nhất định và được nhóm lại theo một hệ thống quy định, được nhấn mạnh ở châu
Phi cận Sahara, nơi tỷ lệ nhịp điệu có thể rất phức tạp.) -> Theo tác giả,dộ cao thấp và nhip điệu ở những
nền văn hóa khác nhau sẽ được nhấn mạnh khác nhau

A,Phân biệt âm nhạc vs các loại hình nghệ thuật khác

C,khiến âm nhac khó để học
D,thể hiện những cảm xúc khác nhau của con người

3. The word “predisposed” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to __________.

A. inclined B. gifted C. pushed D. amused
Predisposed = inclined : có khuynh hướng
4. According to the passage, when does musical talent usually begin to appear?
A. when infants start to babble and produce sound patterns
B. between the ages of two and four months
C. when children learn to sing at two or three years old
D. between ten years old and adolescence
Thông tin câu 2 đoạn 4: Some children can match large segments of a song by the age of two or three.( Một
vài đứa trẻ có thể kết hợp các phần lớn của 1 bài hát khi chúng 2 hc 3 tuổi)

A,khi trẻ em bắt đầu bập bẹ và bắt đầu tập nói

B, Khoảng giữa 2-4 tháng tuổi
D,từ 10 tuổi đến khi thanh niên
5. According to the passage, which of the following suggests that musical talent is a separate form of
intelligent?
A. exceptional musical ability in an otherwise average child
B. recognition of the emotional power of music
C. the ability of all babies to acquire core elements of music
D. differences between learning music and learning language
Clue : In many of these cases, the child is average in every other way but displays an exceptional ability in
music
Tài năng âm nhạc là 1 hình thái tách biệt của sự thông minh,điều này đc thể hiện khi tài năng âm nhạc xuất
chúng xuất hiện ở đứa trẻ bình thường khác
6. Why does the author discuss Mozart in paragraph 6?
A. To compare past and present views of musical talent
B. To give an example of a well-known musical prodigy
C. To list musical accomplishments of the eighteenth century
D. To describe the development of individual musical skill
Clue: Every generation in music history has had its famous prodigies – individuals with exceptional musical
powers that emerge at a young age. In the eighteenth century, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart began composing
and performing at the age of six
(Mỗi thế hệ trong lịch sử âm nhạc đều có những thần đồng nổi tiếng - những cá nhân có năng lực âm nhạc
đặc biệt xuất hiện khi còn nhỏ. Vào thế kỷ thứ mười tám, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart bắt đầu sáng tác và
biểu diễn khi 6 tuổi)

-> tác giả đề cập đến Mozart ddeer đưa ra VD về 1 thần đồng âm nhạc nổi tiếng
7. In music, the change from one key to another is known as __________.
A. rhythm B. prodigy C. perfect pitch D. modulation
Clue: He had perfect pitch, and at age nine he was also a master of the art of modulation – transitions from
one key to another
Modulation: sự chuyển giọng (từ 1 phím này sang phím khác )
8. All of the following are given as examples of exceptional musical talent EXCEPT __________.
A. a remarkable “ear” or perfect memory for music
B. ability to compose major works at a young age
C. appreciation for a wide variety of musical styles
D. playing a single song in the style of various composers
Clue –
There are numerous tales of young artists who have a remarkable “ear” or extraordinary memory for music
and natural understanding of musical structure ->A

- By the age of eleven, he had composed three symphonies and 30 other major works->B

-Unusual musical ability is a regular characteristic of certain anomalies such as autism. In one case, an
autistic girl was able to play “Happy birthday” in the style of various composers, including Mozart,
Beethoven, Verdi, and Schubert ->D
9. The word “haven” in paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to __________.
A. beautiful art B. safe place C. personal goal D. single problem
Haven : nơi ẩn náu,trú ẩn =safe place
10. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about exceptional musical ability?
A. It occurs more frequently in some cultures than in others.
B. It is evidence of a superior level of intelligence in other areas.
C. It has been documented and studied but is little understood.
D. It is the result of natural talent and a supportive environment.
Clue:
A musically gifted child has an inborn talent; however, the extent to which the talent is expressed publicly
will depend upon the environment in which the child lives.
(Một đứa trẻ có năng khiếu âm nhạc có năng khiếu bẩm sinh; tuy nhiên, mức độ tài năng được thể hiện công
khai sẽ phụ thuộc vào môi trường mà đứa trẻ đó sống.) thông tin câu cuối đoạn 1
->tài năng âm nhạc phi thường là kết uqar của tài năng bẩm sinh và sự hỗ trợ của môi trường
Part 6. (15 points)
86. iv 87. vii 88. xiv 89. viii 90. ii 91. ix 92. xii
93. source of 94. dangerous pastime 95. minimize/ minimise personal success
harm
List of Headings
i Breastfeeding and envy
ii A victim of envy
iii A global remedy for envy
iv What is envy?
v The Evil Eye in Europe
vi Sharing success
vii No grounds for envy
viii Envy and illness
ix Envy where resources are limited
x The Swahili in Africa
xi The work of social scientists
xii Envy in relation to other emotions
xiii A dictionary definition of envy
xiv A universal phenomenon
xv Envy in poor societies
ENVY WITHOUT REASON?
A iv What is envy?
Do you come from a culture which places emphasis on the emotion of envy? Without a doubt, envy is
something that we all feel at some time in our lives. The Concise Oxford Dictionary lists envy as ‘resentful or
admiring contemplation of more fortunate person’. Instead of sharing in the joy of a new job, car or party
dress, a friend either pretends she or he has not noticed the fantastic new BMW or says ‘Mercedes are
better’. But does it matter? Từ điển Oxford ngắn gọn liệt kê ghen tị là "sự phẫn uất hoặc ngưỡng mộ khi
chiêm ngưỡng người may mắn hơn". Thay vì chia sẻ niềm vui với một công việc mới, chiếc xe hơi hoặc
chiếc váy dự tiệc, một người bạn hoặc giả vờ rằng cô ấy hoặc anh ấy không nhận ra chiếc BMW mới tuyệt
vời hoặc nói rằng "Mercedes còn tốt hơn In many parts of the world, the personal satisfaction felt by
those who prosper is tinged with concerns about the ill-will which success provokes in friends, and even
family members. Envy becomes something to be feared, for it may have the power to cause harm.
 Ghen tỵ là gì
B vii No grounds for envy
The Swahili people of Coastal East Africa take envy very seriously. They frequently feel the need to hide or
minimise personal success. Hence, boasting can be a dangerous pastime. Envy emanates from neighbours,
friends and family. After all, a stranger does not care if you have managed to replace your thatched roof with
corrugated iron. But those Swahili who have struggled to build houses which are a little better than their
neighbours often paint on the front of their houses the slogan, hasidi hana sababu: this means ‘envy
without reason’. The slogan seems to be a forlorn attempt to remind neighbours and any envious
passers-by that the apparent good fortune indicated by a superior house has been earned. The message
is that there is no reason for envy, and that those harbouring ill-will should control their feelings
. Thông điệp là không có lý do gì để ghen tị và những người đang nuôi dưỡng ác ý nên kiểm soát cảm xúc
của mình..The successful are pleading to be allowed to succeed.
 Ghen tỵ vô căn cứ
C xiv A universal phenomenon
In Swahili culture, and many others, envy emanates from the eye of the beholder. The Evil Eye, as a source
of harm to those who fall under its gaze, is reported throughout much of the world. Indeed, according to
Brian Spooner, an expert on the various ways used to keep envy at bay, the idea of the Evil Eye is so
widespread that it can be regarded as a universal phenomenon. Evil Eye, như một nguồn gây hại cho những
ai bị nó soi mói, được báo cáo khắp nơi trên thế giới. Thật vậy, theo Brian Spooner, một chuyên gia về những
cách khác nhau được sử dụng để ngăn chặn lòng đố kỵ, ý tưởng về Con mắt ác lan rộng đến mức nó có thể
được coi là một hiện tượng phổ biến In the parts of Europe that border the Mediterranean, in the Middle East
and North Africa, the wearing of pendants depicting one large eye is a popular way of repelling envy.
 Một hiện tượng phổ biến
D viii Envy and illness
Ideas about the Evil Eye moved from the Mediterranean to the New World of America. Atwood Gaines has
traced the origin of beliefs about the Evil Eye as a cause of sickness from Spain to Mexico, Haiti and
Puerto Rica. The illnesses caused by the Evil Eye are given specific names such as gusto. In such cases, the
Evil Eye is suspected after an illness or misfortune has already occurred. Atwood Gaines đã lần ra nguồn gốc
của niềm tin về Con mắt ác là nguyên nhân gây ra bệnh tật từ Tây Ban Nha đến Mexico, Haiti và Puerto Rica.
Những căn bệnh do Ác Nhãn gây ra được đặt những cái tên cụ thể như gusto. Trong những trường hợp như
vậy, Evil Eye được nghi ngờ là sau khi bệnh tật hoặc điều không may đã xảy ra.
E ii A victim of envy
Marcia Inkhorn has written about the Evil Eye in Egypt. There, women may attribute infertility and other
health problems to the envy of neighbours or friends. But in the Middle East, as elsewhere, envy can
occur in many settings. Marcia Inkhorn đã viết về Evil Eye ở Ai Cập. Ở đó, phụ nữ có thể quy vô sinh và các
vấn đề sức khỏe khác là do hàng xóm hoặc bạn bè ghen tị. Nhưng ở Trung Đông, cũng như những nơi khác,
sự đố kỵ có thể xảy ra trong nhiều bối cảnh. Hence, at the end of an important meeting to discuss a research
study, the head of the project noticed that her best silk suit had white marks on both the jacket and skirt. It
was ruined. She worked out that after the sumptuous lunch, which had preceded the meeting, the table had
been cleaned with bleach. She had then brushed against the table. Nobody else’s clothes were damaged. Her
Palestinian colleague suggested that envy, harbored by an unknown acquaintance, had ruined her suit. The
grounds for envy were either her beautiful clothes or her powerful position within the research team. Không
có ai khác bị hư hỏng quần áo. Đồng nghiệp người Palestine của cô cho rằng sự đố kỵ, nuôi dưỡng bởi một
người quen không quen biết, đã làm hỏng bộ đồ của cô. Cơ sở cho sự ghen tị là quần áo đẹp của cô ấy hoặc vị
trí quyền lực của cô ấy trong nhóm nghiên cứu.
 Nạn nhân của lòng đố kỵ
F ix Envy where resources are limited
Some social scientists argue that envy is widespread in societies where resources are scarce and one
person’s gain is considered another’s loss. The reasoning behind this theory of envy is that, when people are
poor and in competition with each other, they believe that there is not enough good food, good fortune or
good jobs to go around.
Một số nhà khoa học xã hội lập luận rằng lòng đố kỵ phổ biến trong các xã hội khan hiếm tài nguyên và lợi
ích của một người được coi là mất mát của người khác. Lý do đằng sau lý thuyết về sự đố kỵ này là khi mọi
người nghèo và cạnh tranh với nhau, họ tin rằng không có đủ thức ăn ngon, vận may hoặc công việc tốt để đi
xung quanh.
G M Foster studied peasant society in Latin America and propounded ‘the image of limited good’.
According to his theory, when somebody from a family or village prospers, they use up part of a stock
of limited good and reduce the chances of the success of others. Foster sees the ‘image of limited
good’ as operating in peasant societies where people know and compete with each other in adverse
economic conditions. However, the theory may hold good for many other social and economic
contexts. Take scholarships, for example. There are only so many to go round. If you’re best friend gets the
scholarship, your chances of getting one too may be greatly reduced.
 Đố kỵ nơi nguồn lực có hạn
G xii Envy in relation to other emotions
Western psychoanalysts have also studied envy. Melanie Klein sees envy as an emotion felt by the
breastfeeding infant towards its mother’s breast. Although the infant feels love and gratitude towards its
mother, it also wants the goodness of the milk for itself
Các nhà phân tâm học phương Tây cũng đã nghiên cứu về sự đố kỵ. Melanie Klein coi sự ghen tị là cảm xúc
của đứa trẻ bú mẹ đối với vú mẹ của nó. Mặc dù trẻ sơ sinh cảm thấy yêu thương và biết ơn mẹ của mình,
nhưng nó cũng muốn sữa tốt cho mình.
. Some of these scholars, unlike everyday speakers of English, are careful to distinguish between envy and
jealousy. Swahili people make the same distinction. Jealousy is a triangular relationship. For example, two
friends spend all their free time together until one takes a lover. The neglected friend grows jealous of the
affection lavished on the new lover. When there is jealousy, three people are involved. Envy, on the other
hand, is more straightforward: one person envies another’s achievement, quality or possession. While most
English people do not take envy seriously, it remains a matter of concern to people worldwide. It makes
ambition and the pursuit of success more difficult, and some would say, dangerous. Many seek ways to
avoid falling victim to envy. How do you deal with it?
 Ghen tỵ liên quan đến những cảm xúc khác
Part 7. (10 points)
47 C. Last but one sentence: ‘… there will be readers who fail to make it past the first couple of chapters.’

48 D. In sentence six of this paragraph, the book is called to be of ‘antiself-help self-help’ genre. This genre
is mentioned to be ‘swelling’, or increasing
.
49 B. Last sentence of Paragraph B poses a question of usefulness of the information in the book

50 A. At the beginning of the paragraph the ‘insights that may never have been expressed quite like this
before’ are mentioned, that seem to be quite usefu
l.
51 D. Sentences four and five on the classical self-help book approach: ‘Many self-help books these days
would shout ‘Yes!’ Oliver Burkeman isn’t so sure.’

52 C. Second sentence of this paragraph says that if the book turns out to be successful, then we are going to
be in a ‘glut of writing’ of similar books. A glut is an excessive amount of something, much more than is
actually required.

53 D. At the end of the paragraph the previous book by the same author is said to be separated into short
parts, whereas his more recent one is much more detailed.
54 B. The middle of the paragraph complains how the argument in the book ‘seems to bounce from place to
place’. It is also mentioned, that the contents of the book are ‘atomised’, or haven’t got any connection
between its elements.

55 D. The middle of the paragraph focuses on how this book takes a different approach, without promising
us to live a trouble-free, happy lives, but instead to change our perception of things.

56 A. Last but one sentence complains about the book being at times a bit frustrating to read because of its
content’s complexity.

Part 8:
11. ……a blot on the landscape……
a blot on the landscape: (thứ, điều) làm mất cảnh đẹp.
12. …… would do wonders for the way ……
Do wonders for : cause improvements or have a very good effect
13. …… remains to be seen whether there ……
remains to be seen: to not be exactly known or decided
14…… to technical knowledge, I am no match ……
Be no match for : nghĩa là kém cỏi, không đủ tốt như ai/điều gì, hoặc không đủ năng lực/tài năng để làm gì.
15. ……didn’t put Anthony off in the……
Put sb off: take someone's attention away from what they want to be doing or should be doing
16. Don’t think the police are going to get/ let you off the hook so quickly
Let sb off the hook: tha,không phạt ai và thả cho đi
17. I can’t put my finger on the reason but I don’t trust him
put my finger on: tìm hiểu để biết chắc chắn.
18. Being her only niece, Ann is the apple of her eyes.
Be the apple of her eyes: những người thật sự quan trọng đối với bạn.
19. She gave Arthur a ticking-off
Give sb a ticking-off: speak angrily to them because they have done something wrong
20. Graham sang a different tune when noticing there were fresh strawberries on the menu.
Sing a diferent tune : thay đổi cách nói/ cách suy nghĩ về một chuyện nào đó

TEST 6

KEY
Phần 1
Part 1: You will hear a radio discussion about writing a novel. For questions 1-5, choose the answer (A,
B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. (10pts) - CAE Practice Test
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A

Part 2: Listen to a lecture about population growth. For questions 1 – 5, decide whether these statements
are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F). (10pts) -
1. They are 97% water 4. application of vinegar / applying vinegar
2. wind effects, tidal movements 5. internal organs
3. sheltered bays

Part 3: Listen to a piece of news about the loss of rainforests and complete the summary below. WRITE
NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER. (20pts) – Seeker Daily
1. commercial use 6. rising sea levels
2. 25% / a quarter of / 1/4 7. wars/disputes
3. medical compounds 8. exploitation
4. herbal remedies / medicines 9. reduce poverty
5. carbon sinks 10. alternative vegetable oils
TAPESCRIPT
PART 1
Interviewer: OK, in our weekly spot about how to write a novel, I’m talking to novelist Louise Doughty.
Louise, this week we’re talking about getting comments and feedback on your work from other people. ‘If
there is anything in your own work you think particularly fine, said Ernest Hemingway, 'strike it out.’ Is that
good advice?
Novelist: Well, few would-be novelists aspire to be .is plain and brutal as Hemingway, I suspect, but his ilii
Him is still worth tucking into a corner of your brain - not to be followed slavishly, but as an antidote to that
greal curse of the inexperienced novelist: over-writing.
Interviewer: How do you know if you are over-writing?
Novelist: Well, an excess of adverbs and adjectives is a clue. Repetition under the guise of emphasis is
another, and extended metaphors should be rationed tightly.
Interviewer: Now, there comes a point in the writing of every novel when you just don’t know any more.
You’ve been immersed in it for weeks, possibly years. You’ve lost sight of the original impetus behind the
book and are plagued with self-doubt - yet at the same time you know there is something there and are not
ready to give up on it. ."
Novelist: Yes, and this is the point at which you should be getting feedback.
Interviewer: From whom?
Novelist: As a rule, I’d advise against getting it from your nearest and dearest. You will be wounded by their
criticism and suspicious of their praise. Instead, join a writing community of some sort. You need comments
from another writer. Those who have been logging onto my website will know that such a community has
formed there. Creative writing courses and book groups are also good places to find like-minded souls.
Through such contacts you can find someone who understands what you are trying to do - which is not the
same as someone who is uncritical of the way you do it. There is a time and a place for emotional support,
but that is not what we are talking about here.
Interviewer: What kind of comments are useful in your view?
Novelist: Well, you need someone who is prepared to say, 'I really like the opening paragraph but I thought
it went a bit wrong after that because ...’ and, crucially, is prepared to be specific. ‘I just didn’t like him' is
not a helpful comment on a character. 'I lost sympathy with him in the scene where he tells his brother the
truth because I thought he was too brutal. Maybe you should re-write it making his motivation clearer and
his language softer.’ That is useful advice: you can choose whether to take it or discard it. Similarly, at the
level of prose style, some well-meaning person might say ‘It's a bit boring’, but a helpful critic would say
'You have three paragraphs of description here before you tell us who is talking; maybe you should consider
starting the conversation first and weaving all the description in, instead of having it all in one chunk.’
Interviewer: How do you personally get feedback on your work?
Novelist: The most fruitful relationships I have with other writers are with the novelists with whom I swap
work - usually the person whose novel is under discussion pays for dinner. If you can find other novelists
who are working at a similar level to yourself, with similar interests, and who are frank and unafraid of
frankness from you. then keep them close at hand. Interviewer: Now what about reactions to feedback?
We've talked about getting it, but what about when you’ve got it?
Novelist: Well, even with a trusted ally, there comes a point when you have to stick to your guns and say,
'This person whom I really respect doesn’t like this bit but I do and it’s staying in.’ And of course, feedback
can be annoying. For a start, a lot of the criticism you receive will be stuff which you knew already in your
heart of hearts - you were just hoping nobody else would notice. And sometimes, you will bristle at a certain
comment on your work, not because it is untrue but because the consequences of righting that particular
defect are too daunting to contemplate at that particular time - accurate criticism is the most painful of all.
On other occasions, you will have a gut feeling that the person reading your work just doesn’t ’get' it, or
wants you to write a different novel entirely. Frequently, the only way to work out if criticism is useful is to
nod sagely, then file it in a drawer. When the wounds have healed over and your ego is not under immediate
threat, then you will be able to assess its true worth.
Interviewer: Right. Now let's move on to talk about...

PART 2
You will hear part of a lecture on the subject of jellyfish.
What could be nicer on a hot summer’s day than a cooling swim from a sheltered beach? But sometimes our
swimming companions are best given a wide berth; many a holiday dip has been ruined by an unwelcome
brush with the tentacles of a floating jellyfish. So, how to identify them? A jellyfish looks something like a
couple of upside-down dishes and if you imagine that the central part of the lower dish has been removed,
there’s a mouth in that position. Around the rim there may be many long fine tentacles which extend and
which in many species are used for stinging.
Jellyfish don’t have many enemies - very few things eat them, basically because they are 97% water - it’s
like eating a soggy lettuce leaf really. They also have a gelatinous texture and, of course, they have a sting.
But, for all that, Jellyfish seldom live long: in fact, many of them only live for one year, so during the winter
time they die off Some small ones that will develop into the big jellyfish lie attached to rocks and overhangs
in sheltered positions and then later they’ll grow to full size, they’ll reproduce and that’ll be their lifecycle.
Jellyfish have a tendency to swarm - that is, they don’t all consciously decide to swarm, in fact they have
very limited control over where they swim. They’re very vulnerable to wind effects on the sea and to tidal
movements. Sometimes jellyfish and human beings come together and the consequences can be rather
painful. This is because jellyfish get carried into sheltered bays, by the same processes which create sandy
beaches.
There are many different kinds of jellyfish, and the one most commonly encountered, in Britain at least, is
the box jellyfish. This has a body size up to roughly that of a person’s head, and sixty tentacles trailing
behind it, giving an overall length of around three metres. It floats along near the coast with these tentacles
strung out in an attempt to catch its main prey, which is all sorts of small fish and crustaceans. They’re
inclined to turn up in swarms in quite shallow areas where they can be quite tricky to see, especially if the
water is sunlit too. So when people rush into the water unawares, they can run into what seems like a curtain
of tentacles. It’s not very nice and then it’s difficult to avoid getting stung.
So, what should you do if this happens? Now, when jellyfish sting, your initial reaction is to start running
away, get out of the water as quickly as possible. But, actually, the more you run, the faster your heart rate
becomes, and the quicker the venom is absorbed. So, actually, the first thing to do is to calm down the
person who’s been stung. It s also been shown that you can neutralise any tentacles that are still on the
person’s body by the application of vinegar.
But not all jellyfish sting. For example, the blue-coloured moon jellyfish is common around Britain It won’t
harm you and it’s a beautiful sight. You can see its internal organs because it’s virtually transparent and
these seem to glow in the dark in this lovely blue colour. So they’re well worth looking out for.
Other varieties which you might spot include ... (fade)

PART 3
Since the start of 20th century, roughly half of the world's rainforests have been wiped out. And by the end
of the 21st century, rainforests may go extinct altogether. You may think it's just a few plants and animals
that'll suffer, but modern society relies on rainforests more than you might realize.
The loss of this dense biodiversity could lead to sickness, poverty, even war.
So, what would a post-rainforest look like?
Well, first it is important to understand why the rainforest is disappearing. Globally, over the last 40 years,
an area possibly the size of Europe has been cleared and repurposed for commercial use. In some cases the
land is replanted with trees that produce rubber or palm oil, in other cases it is used as grazing land for cattle,
or torn down for urban development. And if nothing is done, we may ultimately see rainforests gone
altogether, and along with them, crucial benefits.
Without rainforests, some estimate that the basis for up to a quarter of modern medicine would be lost, with
thousands of medical compounds derived from plants. For example, the rosy periwinkle, which is naturally
endemic only to Madagascar, produces two anti-tumor drugs used to fight leukemia and Hodgkin's Disease.
Chemicals synthesized as a result of this plant contribute to an estimated $160 million dollars per year and
the rainforest plant-drug market in total has been estimated at roughly $150 billion dollars.
Many poor communities rely on rainforest plants life for medicine, as prescription medication and
derivatives are completely unaffordable for large portions of the world's population.
The World Health Organization estimates that roughly 80% of Africa's population uses traditional, herbal
medicine as part of their primary health care, while in China, up to half of all medicine consumed are herbal
remedies.
Besides a medicinal outlook, the lack of vegetation could mean a rapid rise in climate change. Rainforests
are known as "carbon sinks", which means that they consume carbon dioxide, clearing it from the
atmosphere. Studies show that roughly 40% of manmade CO2 is absorbed by forests. As carbon dioxide
levels rise and rainforest acreage falls, the subsequent change in climate can contribute to severe droughts,
as well as rising sea levels.
This is a bigger problem than it may seem, as climate change plays a huge role in geopolitics. Wars over
resources are devastating, and demand for farming land continues to outstrip its supply. In 2014 in northern
Honduras, US-backed security forces were implicated in the murder and intimidation of local farmers
involved in disputes over palm oil. More than 100 people have already been killed over the disputes.
In other parts of the world, entire indigenous tribes are being killed and displaced in favor of commercial
logging and razing.
But stopping this deforestation may not end up solving the larger problem. Even when ignoring financial
gain by businesses which exploit these natural resources, many people in developing countries rely on the
exploitation to survive. For example, palm oil employs millions of farmers, and the industry plays an
important role in reducing poverty. According to one NGO on Sustainable Palm Oil, as many as 4.5 million
people in Indonesia and Malaysia work in its production. And simply switching to another method of
production could potentially be even worse for the environment. Alternative vegetable oils, like sunflower,
soybean, and rapeseed produce about 4 to 10 times less oil per acre, so to meet demand, even more land
would have to be destroyed.
We all know rainforests are vital, but their direct impacts in day-to-day health, global stability and the
condition of the world's atmosphere are regularly understated. In the end, a world without rainforests is
much more devastating than we might realize, and much harder to avoid than we might expect.

Part 1: A
KEY TO PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS
1. B 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. B
6. C 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. B
1. I was sitting in a train looking out of the window, when my mind suddenly ..............back to that amazing
trip we made to India.
A. put B. flashed C. stirred D. associated
flash back=If your mind or thoughts flash back to something that happened in the past, you suddenly
remember it:
2. Although Gail thought she should have won first place, she _______ her pride and congratulated her rival.
A. exerted B. swallowed C. bore D. aroused
swallow one’s pride: ngậm đắng
3. The class went to see the performance of Macbeth because it ..............in well with the project they were
doing on Scottish history.
A. crammed B. stood C. tied D. booked
tie (sth) in with sth=to plan an event or activity so that it combines with or happens at the same time as
another, or to be planned in this way
4. Morag is very good at ..............off the teacher in her school.
A. sending B. calling C. taking D. putting
Take off=a piece of acting or writing, etc. that copies the way a particular person speaks or behaves, or the
way something is done, usually to entertain other people
5. Why don’t you get your homework ..............with so you can enjoy the rest of the evening?
A. around B. over C. by D. away
get sth over with=to do or finish an unpleasant but necessary piece of work or duty so that you do not have
to worry about it in the future:
6. She hasn’t spoken German for over a year and I think she wants to blush.............. a few things.
A. out in B. on with C. up on D. over on
brush up (on) sth=to improve your knowledge of something already learned but partly forgotten:
7. I’d been cooped ..............in my office all morning so I went out for a walk and a spot of fresh air.
A. over B. by C. down D. up
cooped up=If you are cooped up somewhere, you are in a small closed space from which you cannot escape,
or you feel as if you are:
8. As their bookshop wasn’t doing well, they decided to branch ..............and sell compact discs and
cassettes as well.
A. out B. over C. down on D. out for
branch out=to start to do something different from what you usually do, especially in your job
9. The door burst open and his mother barged ............... “I thought so”, she said. “You’re not doing your
homework.”
A. into B. in C. on D. along
barge in=to walk into a room quickly, without being invited
10. Polynesia. The very name conjures ..............images of sundrenched beaches and warm turquoise seas.
A. out B. up C. over D. in
conjure sth up=to make a picture or idea appear in someone's mind
B.

1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. C
6. D 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. B
1. In an exceptionally bitter election campaign, both candidates __________ and accused each other of
corrupt practices.
A. went overboard B. went off the air
C. went for the jugular D. went to pieces
go for the jugular: criticise or attack sb
2. I hate to be the one to __________, but things aren't as good as you think.
A. bring you to your senses B. bring you down to earth
C. bring you down a peg or two D. bring you into the world
bring sb down to earth: to help someone who is euphoric become more realistic
3. I don’t mind __________if you use my country house while I’m away.
A. to say the least B. in the least C. least of all D. at least
not in the least: not in any way
4. The doctor says if you keep taking these pills, you’ll be __________ in no time.
A. null and void B. up and about
C. spick and span D. good and ready
up and about: feeling well enough to get out of bed and move around
5. Some doctors are confident that vaccines for COVID-19 will be available down the __________, but they
also admit that they still have a long way to go.
A. track B. road C. path D. trail
down the road: in the future
6. Jenifer gave Fred the cold __________ because of the rumours he’s spreading about her.
A. eye B. look C. shoulder D. feet
give sb the cold shoulder: ignore ot reject sb
7. The weekend is over, so tomorrow morning it’s back to the________ .
A. grind B. labour C. drudgery D. toil
back to the grind: trở về với cuộc sống thường nhật
8. The project will be kept__________ until the new manager comes.
A. in order B. off and on C. on ice D. off the peck
Keep on ice: trì hoãn làm gì
9. To make a profit, we’ll have to add a few thousand new customers to our list, which is __________.
A. a piece of cake B. out of order C. out of our depth D. a tall order
Be a tall order: điều không thể làm được
10. . I'm afraid we got our ______crossed. I thought my husband would be picking up the children and he
thought I was doing it.
A. wires B. purposes C. fingers D. minds
get one’s wires crossed: hiểu sai mục đích

Part 2:
Line Mistakes Corrections
1. 1 very -> a very
2. 2 Therefore -> However
3. 3 remember -> be remembered
4. 5 rewarding -> awarding
5. 7 Economy -> Economics
6. 9 millions -> million
7. 9 in -> on
8. 12 is -> are
9. 13 judges -> judges’
10. 17 scarce -> rare
Part 3. Fill each blank with ONE suitable word. (15pts)
1. everywhere 2. being 3. by 4. many 5. Other
6. which 7. seem 8. own 9. not 10. Into
Part 4. Read the passage and choose the best answer to each question A, B, C or D. (10pts)
The US has refused to sign up to a G7 pledge that calls the Paris climate accord the “irreversible” global tool
to address climate change. The G7 environment ministers issued a final repor tafter their two-day meeting in
Bologna, the first since the US announced it was withdrawing from the Paris climate agreement. In a (51)
___________ to the G7 report, the US said on Monday it would not join with the other six countries in
reaffirming their Paris (52) ___________, but said it was taking action on its own to reduce its carbon
footprint.
As a result, the US said it would not join those sections of the report on climate and multilateral
development (53) _______________. The head of the US Environmental Protection Agency, Scott
Pruitt,attended the first few hours of the(54) _________ on Sunday, but left to attend a(n) (55)
____________.meeting in Washington.Presenting the report, Italy’s environment minister, Gian Luca
Galletti, called the Paris accord “irreversible,non-negotiable and the only instrument possible to (56)
__________ climate change”. He said the other G7 countries hoped to continue constructive (57)
_____________ with the US but insisted on the Paris (58) _____________. “Everything else for us is
excluded,” he said.The 2015 Paris agreement aims to prevent the Earth from heating up by 2C since the start
of the industrial
(59) ____________ As the world has already warmed about 1.1C since the industrial revolution, the accord
aims to ensure the (60) __________ is not breached with each nation curbing heat-trapping emissions.
51. A. foothold B. footnote C. footprint D. footage
foothold a position from which you can start to make progress and achieve your aims
footnote to sth a piece of additional information that is not very important but is interesting or helps you
understand something
footprint mark made by a foot or shoe
footage cinema film showing a particular event
52. A. promises B. endorsements C. commitments D. allegations
endorsement a public statement or action showing that you support somebody/something
commitment a promise to do something or to behave in a particular way
allegation a statement that someone has done something wrong or illegal, but that has not been proved
53. A. banks B. piles C. heaps D. lumps
54. A. peaks B. summit C. climax D. pinnacle
summitan important meeting or set of meetings between the leaders of several governments
55. A. cable B. cabinet C. cachet D. capsule
cabinet the politicians with important positions in a government who meet to make decisions or advise
the leader of the government
cachet if something has cachet, people think it is very good or special
56. A. resist B. clash C. grapple D. combat
grapple with to try hard to deal with or understand something difficult
combat=tackle to try to stop something bad from happening or getting worse
57. A. conversation B. discussion C. dialogue D. consultation
58. A. criteria B. bounds C. conditions D. parameters
bound: the limits of what is possible or acceptable
parameter set of fixed limits that control the way that something should be done
59. A. age B. era C. time D. epoch
60. A. boundary B. frontier C. threshold D. standard
boundary the limit of what is acceptable or thought to be possible
the frontiers of knowledge/physics etc the limits of what is known about something
threshold the level at which something starts to happen or have an effect

5. Read the following passage and choose the best answer. (15 points)
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. E
The advent of pottery in primitive human cultures around the world signified a milestone in human history.
Sometimes referred to as the container revolution, pottery enabled primitive people to boil and steam food,
which in turn allowed them to gain sustenance for new and more varied sources. Durable and watertight
pottery containers also allowed them to capture and store freshwater from rainfall or clean rivers and lakes.
The earliest pottery has been traced back to a few civilizations that appear to have developed this
advancement independent of each other. The oldest pottery known to historians comes from the Jomon
people of Japan from around the year 10,500 B.C. Evidence of the independent development of pottery has
also come from North Africa around 10,000 B.C. and from South America around 7,000 B.C.
Collecting pottery shards has proven to be one of the best ways for archaeologists to identify
the developmental levels of ancient cultures, especially the ones that were pre-literate and therefore
unable to leave behind a recorded history. By digging up different shards from different stratum layers,
archaeologists can easily date the stages of a culture’s development. They are able to do this by looking at
the style and decoration of the pottery fragments. Furthermore, trace element analysis enables these
researchers accurately to identify the source of the clay used to make the pottery.
The early pottery was formed with a technique called handwork. Handworked pieces are constructed
from clay that is rolled into long strands by hand and then coiled to form the body of the vessel. Each of
these early pieces of pottery would have been one-of-a-kind due to the irregularity that is a characteristic of
handwork. After these primitive pieces of pottery were shaped by hand, they would be fired in a primitive
kiln, which would have resembled more of a wood fire.
The next major development in pottery came about with the invention of the pottery wheel in
Mesopotamia sometime between 6,000 and 2,400 B.C. This device revolutionized the production of pottery
since it enabled potters to mass produce their work to meet the growing needs of the first cities in the world.
The pottery wheel is a spinning turntable powered by a foot pedal that spins clay very quickly, allowing the
potter to shape pottery with rotational symmetry. This results in a much more regular piece of pottery than
handwork.
[A] By 800 A.D., Muslim potters in Samarra and Baghdad began employing lead-based glazes
further to finish their pottery. [B] This process of glazing came from the Romans, who had spread it around
the Mediterranean and North Africa. [C] These potters also discovered the new forms of glazing as they
attempted to imitate the Chinese white ceramics that were popular at that time. [D] Although they were able
closely to imitate the work of the Chinese, their experimentation also resulted in new methods of glazing
that used tin oxide instead of lead.
In order to harden pottery, it must be fired in a kiln which holds heat at very high temperatures. The
Chinese developed an efficient wood-fired kiln very early in the history of pottery, called the anagama. This
useful device was capable of sustaining the necessary temperatures without the use of coal and was soon
adopted by the Koreans and Japanese as well.
The modern era of pottery factories capable of truly large-scale mass production came about in 1785
with the English city of Stoke-on-Trent. This was one of the first industrial cities to make pottery
manufacturing its primitive industry. The city was known to have more than 200 pottery manufacturers that
employed upwards of 20,000 workers. This city is so famous for pottery that its nickname is “The Potteries”.
1. The word sustenance in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. inspiration B. nourishment C. support D. Instruction
Sustenance =nourishment = nuôi dưỡng
2. According to the passage, evidence of the oldest pottery was found in which of the following areas?
A. Mesopotamia B. China C. North Africa D. Japan
2. Theo đoạn văn, bằng chứng về đồ gốm cổ nhất được tìm thấy ở khu vực nào sau đây?
A. Lưỡng Hà B. Trung Quốc C. Bắc Phi D. Nhật Bản
Clue: The oldest pottery known to historians comes from the Jomon people of Japan from around the year
10,500 B.C.
Đồ gốm cổ nhất được các nhà sử học biết đến là của người Jomon của Nhật Bản vào khoảng năm 10.500
trước Công nguyên.
3. Which of the following best expresses the information in the underlined sentence?
A. Pottery shards provide information about the cultures of prehistoric people.
B. Early people recorded their history on pottery shards.
C. Archaeologists study ancient cultures.
D. Pre-literate people tried to hide their pottery in underground strata.
3. Câu nào dưới đây diễn đạt đúng nhất thông tin trong câu gạch chân?
A. Mảnh gốm cung cấp thông tin về nền văn hóa của người tiền sử.
B. Người sơ khai đã ghi lại lịch sử của họ trên các mảnh gốm.
C. Các nhà khảo cổ học nghiên cứu các nền văn hóa cổ đại.
D. Những người biết chữ cố gắng giấu đồ gốm của họ trong các tầng ngầm.
Clue: Collecting pottery shards has proven to be one of the best ways for archaeologists to identify the
developmental levels of ancient cultures, especially the ones that were pre-literate and therefore unable to
leave behind a recorded history
Thu thập mảnh vỡ đồ gốm đã được chứng minh là một trong những cách tốt nhất để các nhà khảo cổ học xác
định trình độ phát triển của các nền văn hóa cổ đại, đặc biệt là những nền văn hóa trước khi biết chữ và do
đó không thể để lại lịch sử được ghi chép.
4. The author discusses handwork in paragraph 4 in order to
A. show the regular patterns of early pottery
B. distinguish it from later advances in pottery making
C. explain that it was the best method for pottery making
D. discuss the types of decoration used in early pottery
4. Tác giả thảo luận về công việc thủ công trong đoạn 4 để
A. cho thấy các hoa văn thường xuyên của đồ gốm thời kỳ đầu
B. phân biệt nó với những tiến bộ sau này trong nghề làm đồ gốm
C. giải thích rằng đó là phương pháp tốt nhất để làm đồ gốm
D. thảo luận về các kiểu trang trí được sử dụng trong đồ gốm thời kỳ đầu
5. Look at the four squares [ ] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
“ The introduction of glazes contributed to the quality of the vessels.”
Where would the sentence best fit?
Nhìn vào bốn ô vuông [] cho biết vị trí có thể thêm câu sau vào đoạn văn.
"Sự ra đời của men đã góp phần vào chất lượng của các tàu."
Câu nào phù hợp nhất ở đâu?
Clue: [A] By 800 A.D., Muslim potters in Samarra and Baghdad began employing lead-based glazes further
to finish their pottery.
[A] Đến năm 800 sau Công nguyên, những người thợ gốm Hồi giáo ở Samarra và Baghdad bắt đầu sử dụng
thêm men tráng chì để hoàn thiện đồ gốm của họ.
6. The word imitate in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. use B. make C. copy D. shape
Imitate=copy= sao chép
7. According to paragraph 5, the significance of the invention of the pottery wheel was that
A. it allowed each piece to be unique
B. it encouraged artists to paint scenes on pottery
C. it enabled potters to mass produce their works
D. it inspired many more people to become potters
Theo đoạn 5, tầm quan trọng của việc phát minh ra bánh xe gốm là
A. nó cho phép mỗi phần là duy nhất
B. nó khuyến khích các nghệ sĩ vẽ cảnh trên đồ gốm
C. nó cho phép thợ gốm sản xuất hàng loạt tác phẩm của họ
D. nó đã truyền cảm hứng cho nhiều người trở thành thợ gốm
Clue; This device revolutionized the production of pottery since it enabled potters to mass produce their
work to meet the growing needs of the first cities in the world
Thiết bị này đã cách mạng hóa việc sản xuất đồ gốm vì nó cho phép thợ gốm sản xuất hàng loạt tác phẩm
của họ để đáp ứng nhu cầu ngày càng tăng của các thành phố đầu tiên trên thế giới.
8-9-10. Choose three from seven answer choices to describe the Wood-fired Kiln:
A. It led to the mass production of pottery.
B. It was invented by the Chinese.
C. It originated in the Roman Empire.
D. It hardened the pottery.
E. It did not use coal.
F. It used tin oxide to finish the pottery.
G. It helped shape the pottery evenly.
Clue: These potters also discovered the new forms of glazing as they attempted to imitate the Chinese white
ceramics that were popular at that time
The Chinese developed an efficient wood-fired kiln very early in the history of pottery, called the anagama.
=> B
In order to harden pottery, it must be fired in a kiln which holds heat at very high temperatures.=> D
This useful device was capable of sustaining the necessary temperatures without the use of coal and was
soon adopted by the Koreans and Japanese as well.=> E
6. Read the passage and do the tasks that follow. (15 points)
a. Choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
1. Paragraph A: vi
2. Paragraph B: xi
3. Paragraph C: xiii
4. Paragraph D: vii
5. Paragraph E: iv
6. Paragraph F: v
7. Paragraph G: viii
b. Complete the sentences below. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each
blank space.
8. skeletal anatomy
9. eosuchians
10. two long bones
List of headings
i. 165 million years
ii. The body plan of archosaurs
iii. Dinosaurs-terrible lizards
iv. Classification according to pelvic anatomy
v. The suborders of Saurischia
 vi. Lizards and dinosaurs – two distinct superorders
vii. Unique body plan helps identify dinosaurs from other animals
viii. Herbivore dinosaurs
ix. Lepidosaurs
x. Frills and shelves
xi. The origins of dinosaurs and lizards
xii. Bird-hipped dinosaurs
xiii. Skull bones distinguish dinosaurs from other archosaurs
Example: Paragraph H: x
What is a dinosaur?
A Although the name dinosaur is derived from the Greek for “terrible lizard”, dinosaurs were
not, in fact, lizards at all. Like lizards, dinosaurs are included in the class Reptilia, or reptiles,
one of the five main classes of Vertebrata, animals with backbones. However, at the next
level of classification, within reptiles, significant differences in the skeletal anatomy of
lizards and dinosaurs have led scientists to place these groups of animals into two different
superorders: Lepidosauria, or lepidosaurs, and Archosauria, or archosaurs. Tuy nhiên, ở cấp
độ phân loại tiếp theo, đối với loài bò sát, sự khác biệt đáng kể trong giải phẫu bộ xương của
thằn lằn và khủng long đã khiến các nhà khoa học xếp các nhóm động vật này thành hai bậc
thượng đẳng khác nhau: Lepidosauria, hoặc lepidosaurs, và Archosauria, hoặc archosaurs.
 Thằn lằn và khủng long - hai liên bộ khác biệt
B Classified as lepidosaurs are lizards and snakes and their prehistoric ancestors. Included
among the archosaurs, or “ruling reptiles”, are prehistoric and modern crocodiles, and the
now extinct thecodonts, pterosaurs and dinosaurs. Palaeontologists believe that both
dinosaurs and crocodiles evolved, in the later years of the Triassic Period (c. 248-208 million
years ago), from creatures called pseudosuchian thecodonts. Lizards, snakes and different
types of thecodonts are believed to have evolved earlier in the Triassic Period from reptiles
known as eosuchians. Các nhà cổ sinh vật học tin rằng cả khủng long và cá sấu đều tiến hóa
trong những năm cuối của Kỷ Trias (khoảng 248-208 triệu năm trước), từ những sinh vật
được gọi là cá sấu pseudosuchian. Thằn lằn, rắn và các loại cá sấu khác nhau được cho là đã
tiến hóa sớm hơn trong Kỷ Trias từ loài bò sát được gọi là eosuchians.
 Nguồn gốc của khủng long và thằn lằn
C The most important skeletal differences between dinosaurs and other archosaurs are in the
bones of the skull, pelvis and limbs. Dinosaurs skulls are found in a great range of shapes and
sizes, reflecting the different eating habits and lifestyles of a large and varied group of
animals that dominated life on Earth for an extraordinary 165 million years. However, unlike
the skulls of any other known animals, the skulls of dinosaurs had two long bones known as
vomers
Sự khác biệt về bộ xương quan trọng nhất giữa khủng long và các loài archosaurs khác là ở
xương hộp sọ, xương chậu và các chi. Hộp sọ khủng long được tìm thấy với rất nhiều hình
dạng và kích thước, phản ánh thói quen ăn uống và lối sống khác nhau của một nhóm động
vật lớn và đa dạng đã thống trị sự sống trên Trái đất trong 165 triệu năm. Tuy nhiên, không
giống như hộp sọ của bất kỳ loài động vật nào khác, hộp sọ của khủng long có hai xương dài
được gọi là vomers
. These bones extended on either side of the head, from the front of the snout to the level of
the holes in the skull known as the antorbital fenetra, situated in front of the dinosaur’s orbits
or eyesockets.
 Xương sọ phân biệt khủng long với các loài archosaurs khác
D All dinosaurs, whether large or small, quadrupedal or bipedal, fleet-footed or slow-moving,
shared a common body plan. Identification of this plan makes it possible to differentiate
dinosaurs from any other types of animal, even other archosaurs. Most significantly, in
dinosaurs, the pelvis and femur had evolved so that the hind limbs were held vertically
beneath the body, rather than sprawling out to the sides like the limbs of a lizards. The femur
of a dinosaurs had a sharply in-turned neck and a ball-shaped head, which slotted into a fully
open acetabulum or hip socket. A supra-acetabular crest helped prevent dislocation of the
femur. The position of the knee joint, aligned below the acetabulum, made it possible for the
whole hind limb to swing backwards and forwards. This unique combination of features gave
 dinosaurs what is known as a “fully improved gait”. Evolution of this highly efficient method
of walking also developed in mammals, but among reptiles it occurred only in dinosaurs.
 Cấu hình cơ thể độc đáo giúp xác định khủng long từ các loài động vật khác
E For the purpose of further classification, dinosaurs are divided into two orders: Saurischia, or
saurischian dinosaurs, and Ornithischia, or ornithischian dinosaurs. This division is made on
the basis of their pelvic anatomy
Với mục đích phân loại sâu hơn, khủng long được chia thành hai thứ tự: Saurischia, hoặc
khủng long saurischian, và Ornithischia, hoặc khủng long ornithischian. Sự phân chia này
được thực hiện trên cơ sở giải phẫu vùng chậu của chúng.
. All dinosaurs had a pelvic girdle with each side comprised of three bones: the pubis, ilium
and ischium. However, the orientation of these bones follows one of two patterns. In
saurischian dinosaurs, also known as lizard-hipped dinosaurs, the pubis points forwards, as is
usual in most types of reptile. By contrast, in ornisthichian, or bird-hipped, dinosaurs, the
pubis points backwards towards the rear of the animal, which is also true of birds.
 Phân loại theo giải phẫu vùng chậu
F Of the two orders of dinosaurs, the Saurischia was the larger and the first to evolve. It is
divided into two suborders: Therapoda, or therapods, and Sauropodomorpha, or
sauropodomorphs. Trong số hai bộ khủng long, Saurischia là loài lớn hơn và là loài đầu tiên
tiến hóa. Nó được chia thành hai tiểu phân: Therapoda, hoặc trị liệu, và Sauropodomorpha,
hoặc sauropodomorphs. The therapods, or “beast feet”, were bipedal, predatory carnivores.
They ranged in size from the mighty Tyrannosaurus rex, 12m long, 5.6m tall and weighing an
estimated 6.4 tonnes, to the smallest known dinosaur, Compsognathus, a mere 1.4m long and
estimated 3kg in weight when fully grown. The sauropodomorphs, or “lizard feet forms”,
included both bipedal and quadrupedal dinosaurs. Some sauropodomorphs were carnivorous
or omnivorous but later species were typically herbivorous. They included some of the
largest and best-known of all dinosaurs, such as Diplodocus, a huge quadruped with an
elephant-like body, a long, thin tail and neck that gave it a total length of 27m, and a tiny
head.
 v. Các phân bộ của Saurischia
G Ornithischian dinosaurs were bipedal or quadrupedal herbivores. They are now usually
divided into three suborders: Ornithipoda, Thyreophora and Marginocephalia. Khủng long
Ornithischian là động vật ăn cỏ hai chân hoặc bốn chân. Hiện nay chúng thường được chia
thành ba phân bộ: Ornithipoda, Thyreophora và Marginocephalia.
The ornithopods, or :bird feet”, both large and small, could walk or run on their long hind
legs, balancing their bidy by holding their tails stiffly off the ground behind them. An
example is Iguanodon, up to 9m long, 5m tall and weighing 4.5 tonnes. The thyreophorans,
or “shield bearers”, also known as armoured dinosaurs, were quadrupeds with rows of
protective bony spikes, studs, or plates along their backs and tails. They included
Stegosaurus, 9m long and weighing 2 tonnes.
 Khủng long ăn cỏ
H The marginocephalians, or “margined heads”, were bipedal or quadrupedal ornithischians
with a deep bony frill or narrow shelf at the back of the skull. An example is Triceratops, a
rhinoceros-like dinosaur, 9m long, weighing 5.4 tonnes and bearing a prominent frill and
three large horns.

7. You are going to read an article about great tennis players. For questions 1–10, choose from the
people (A-D). The people may be chosen more than once. (10 points)
47 C. In the second sentence a comparison between book and films or movies is made, with the former
giving a certain degree of control of how we see things presented to us.

48 B. Giving examples of Tolstoy, Proust and Hardy, the author admits to having incomplete knowledge of
the matter.

49 D. Middle of the paragraph quotes a well-known writer, who warns people against not reading as it leads
to poor imagination and narrower outlook on life.
50 C. The author uses the word ‘assessors’, or those who evaluate the quality of (in this case) works of
literature. Their perception of quality changes with the time period they come from.

51 A. The word ‘escapism’ is used to justify picking a generic novel over an acclaimed masterpiece at the
beginning of this paragraph.

52 B. Second half of Paragraph B goes: ‘A work of fiction can always be fine-tuned …’.

53 D. First two sentences of Paragraph D bring claim there is nothing bad about preferring a certain genre or
author at any given period of a person’s life.

54 B. Second sentence dismisses the notion of you having to put yourself under pressure to finish ‘a classic’.

55 C. The author of this paragraph shares Albert Camus’ opinion on why literature and reading are so
appealing.

56 B. Last sentence of the paragraph claims ‘trashy romances’ to be of less value that one work of classics,
defending their opinion by ‘I’m going to go ahead and say it’s so anyway’.

Part 8
1,It wasn’t until sometime later that it dawned on me the full implications of what had happened
It dawns on sb =enter one’s head=occur to sb=cross one’s mind: chợt nảy ra,nghĩ ra điều gì

2,Mary must taken offence at my comments because she is giving me a cold shoulder
Take offence at : tức giận,bực mình,phật ý về điều gì
Give sb a cold shoulder = tỏ thái độ lạnh nhạt hay coi thường người khác.

3,The children are under a cloud because of their bad behaviour

Be under a cloud = mọi người nghĩ họ đã làm gì sai hoặc dính líu đến việc gì đó trái pháp luật.

4,The police left no stone unturned in their attempt to find the boy’s parents
Leave no stone unturned =nỗ lực làm gì

5,he gave every indication of going to any lengths to obtain the contract
Go to great lengths=pull one’s sock up : cố gắng,nỗ lực làm gì

6, Nowadays I don’t set/lay/put(nearly) as much store by casual friendship as i used to

set/put/lay (great) store by/on something: think that something is very important

7, That her colleagues were openly hostile towards her proposal was beyond comprehension
8, Exulting in/over his opponents’s misfortunes is the last thing on a real sportman’s mind
Last thing on your mind" = điều cuối cùng ở trong đầu -> nghĩa là điều không quan trọng, không đáng để
quan tâm vì còn nhiều thứ khác quan trọng hơn.

9,Had the quirks of the antiques business not been beyond my ken, I could have given you advice
beyond my ken: Advanced beyond one's ability to understand or make sense of the subject matter or task at
hand.

10, The government’s immigration policy come up for review next April
Come up for : reach the time at which something should happen

TEST 8
KEY
Phần 1
Part 1.
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. C
Part 2.
6. F 7. F 8. F 9. T 10. N
Part 3.
11. (in) groups 12. every 2 days 13. 2 weeks 14. confident 15. education system
Part 4.
16. formalise 17. three-quarters 18. key part 19. socially conservative
20. embarrassment 21. to block 22. a relative concept 23. different direction
24. when it joined 25. a constitutional ban
Part 1. For questions 1 – 5, you will hear the beginning of a radio interview with Stephen Perrins, a composer of musicals. Listen and
indicate the most appropriate response, A, B, C, or D.
Interviewer: My guest today started out in the world of serious music and showed great promise
as an avant garde composer, but he made the surprising leap into the world of the
musical theatre. Welcome, Stephen Perrins.
Stephen Perrins: Thank you.
Interviewer: Stephen, what made you change from serious music to musicals?
Stephen Perrins: Well, my parents were both professors of music, so I dutifully went to music
college, studied composition, and wrote rather inaccessible music. But I suppose
really my heart’s always been in the theatre, and I soon found myself writing songs
in secret, drawing my inspiration from musicals.
Interviewer: Did you try to get them published?
Stephen Perrins: No, for a long time I kept them to myself, even though I thought they were
commercial. I suppose I had something of an inferiority complex about them,
because they were a bit slushy, and I was sure my family and college would think
they were below me.
Interviewer: So what happened?
Stephen Perrins: Well, we had a very light-hearted end-of-year show at college, and I decided, more
or less on impulse, to sing one of my songs, because it happened to fit rather neatly
into a sketch that Jenny Fisher and I wrote, which was a spoof opera. And it kind of
stole the show. A year later a schoolteacher friend, who’d been in the cast, got in
touch with me – he wanted a short musical for a concert at his school. In fact, just
as an experiment, Jenny and I had already worked up the opera sketch into
something we renamed Godringer, without any real idea of what to do with it next,
so it just needed a bit of tinkering.
Interviewer: That was lucky.
Stephen Perrins: The real break was that the music critic of a national paper had a child at the
school, and the following Sunday we read this rave review saying that Jenny and I
were the future of the musical, and of course we were on cloud nine, and we
immediately had music publishers lining up.
Interviewer: How did your family react?
Stephen Perrins: Oh, they were Oh, they were aghast at first, but they came round, and they’ve been
right behind us ever since.
Interviewer: You’ve always said you won’t do the lyrics of your songs. I presume you’ve tried.
Stephen Perrins: I did with my early songs. In fact I could knock them off with a rather suspect
facility. But I realized that I wrote both the words and the music I’d be working in
a kind of vacuum, and what I enjoy most is the collaboration and sparking off each
other’s ideas.
Interviewer: There was a story in the papers recently that you wanted to direct your musicals,
too. Has anything come of that?
Stephen Perrins: No, that just wasn’t true. I never claim to be a director, I always think when you’ve
actually appointed the director for a show, you shouldn’t undermine them. For
example, in one of my shows, which Helen Downes directed, I wasn’t that happy
with the design, but she was passionate to have it, and it was right not to interfere.
Interviewer: Now in the last few years you’ve had great international success, but for some of
 the more upmarket newspapers, it seems, you simply can’t put a foot right.
Stephen Perrins: No, and I don’t really know quite why. Maybe I’m being big-headed, but I don’t
think it’s because of the music. I think it’s more that I’m not really that bothered
about my image, so I don’t do masses of PR. Which means I leave myself open to
that carping sort of criticism.
Interviewer: It seems to me it’s a kind of distaste for the popularity of your music.
Stephen Perrins: It’s like the time when serious art critics looked down on the late 19 th century
artists, and their paintings were considered worthless. The fact is that if you went
into an art gallery, guess where the public were.
Interviewer: Just as the public are always to be found at your musicals. Stephen Perrins, thank
you.
Stephen Perrins: Thank you.
Part 2. For questions 6 - 10, you will hear a conversation. Decide whether the following statements are
true or not by writing:
T for a statement which is true;
F for the statement which is false;
N if the information is not given.
Tom: Now, tell me about Napoleon. I know he used to be a French soldier and very quickly he
became emperor of France. Do you know when he was born?
Marti: Yes. He was born in 1769 on the island of Corsica. And when he was only ten years old, his
father sent him to a military school in France.
Tom: Was he a brilliant student at school?
Marti: No, he wasn’t, but he excelled in mathematics and military science. And then, when he was
sixteen years old, he joined the French army.
Tom: Oh, I didn’t know he joined the arm that young.
Marti: His military career brought him fame, power and riches, but, finally, defeat. Napoleon became
a general in the French army at the age of 24. Several years later, he became emperor of the
French Empire.
Tom: Do you know when he became an emperor?
Marti: Yes. On may 18, 1804 he became emperor of France and the coronation ceremony was held at
Notre Dame on the second of December. He was only 35 that year. He was really many
things. But he was, first of all, a brilliant military leader. His soldiers were ready to die for
him.
Tom: Yes, he was really short, too. Of course, Napoleon had so many military victories so his size
wasn’t an issue.
Marti: You are right. At one time he controlled most of Europe
Tom: Yes, but at that time many countries, including England, Russia, and Austria, fought fiercely
against Napoleon.
Marti: Right. His defeat came when he decided to attack Russia. In this military campaign into
Russia, he lost most of his army. Shortly after his defeat, his abdication followed at Waterloo,
and then he tried to escape to America but he failed. He finally surrendered to the British
government and then they exiled him to St. Helena
Island.
Tom: I know his last years were spent there with a few chosen comrades. Do you know how old he
was when he died?
Marti: He lived there until he died. He died in 1821 when he was only 51 years old. He died alone,
deserted by his family and his friends.
Tom: Well, that’s a pretty sad way to end the life. Well, Marti, I’m sure your presentation will be
really good. You know, you could also give the chronological order of his life and this may
help your classmates to follow your presentation.
Marti: Yes, that’s a good suggestion. Thank you, Tom.
Tom: You are welcome. I have to go now. I have another lecture to attend. Good luck.
Part 3. For questions 16 - 25, listen to a piece of VOA news about Croatia Voters Back Same – Sex
Marriage Ban and fill in the missing information.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the spaces
provided.
 Government proposals to formalise rights for same-sex couples prompted the petition. Around three-
quarters of a million people signed it – out of a total population of just over 4 million. The Catholic Church
is a key part of Croat identity – and many people are socially conservative.
The referendum is an enormous embarrassment for Croatia’s government. It tried – and failed – to
block the vote through the courts.
Success is a relative concept. Croatia appeared to be moving in a different direction to other western
Balkan countries when it joined the EU in July. Now, like its neighbours, Serbia and Montenegro, it has a
constitutional ban on the same-sex marriage.

Part 1: A.
KEY TO PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS
1. D 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. A
6. B 7. A 8. A 9. A 10. C
1. Towards the end of the film Thelma and Louise, a large truck is _____ by the main characters when they
shoot its tank, which is full of oil.
A. shot off B. struck in C. poured out D. blown up
Blow up = nổ tung// suddenly become very angry
2. In the novella, Hadji Murat is an important figure among the Chechens, but he _____ the main leader
Sheikh Shamil following an argument.
A. sets apart from B. falls out with C. cuts back on D. keeps out of
falls out with= argue with someone and stop being friendly with them
3. I thought the movie was going to an end, but it just _____.
A. dragged in B. dragged on C. dragged into D. dragged up
Drag on= Lề mề, kéo dài không cần thiết
4. When he saw her with John, Jack _____ anger.
A. showed up B. bristled with C. pricked with D. brushed with
bristled with= to have a large amount of something, or to be full of something
5. Ben’s so unlucky in love. Why does he _____ the type of woman who brings trouble?
A. fall for B. catch on C. put before D. set out
fall for sth=to be tricked into believing something that is not true
6. My father decides to apprentice me _____ a lawyer although I don’t agree.
A. with B. to C. for D. into
apprentice (one) to=To pair one with an expert in a particular field or trade so that one can learn about it
7. China, which has been producing cars _____ joint ventures with foreign partners, is now launching its
own brand _____ the global market.
A. through – on B. to – along C. of – throughout D. among – for
8. I muddled _____ the jigsaw pieces and the children did the puzzle again.
A. up B. off C. over D. for
muddle sb/sth up=to think that a person or thing is someone or something else because the two people or
things are very similar
9. We flicked _____ a few magazines while we waited in the doctor’s waiting room.
A. through B. on C. at D. over
Flick through= look quickly through a book, magazine, etc.
10. Karen was terribly nervous before the interview but she managed to pull herself _____ and act
confidently.
A. through B. over C. together D. off
Pull oneself together = bình tính trở lại

B.

1. C 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. D
6. D 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. B
1. If you want a flat in the centre of the city, you have to pay through the _____ for it.
A. teeth B. head C. nose D. arm
Pay through the nose for = pay too much money for something
2. I like my new job; the only fly in the _____ is the fact that I have to work every other weekend.
 A. fat B. porridge C. soup D. ointment
fly in the ointment = con sâu làm rầu nồi canh
3. I caught the last bus by the skin of my_____.
A. mouth B. leg C. neck D. teeth
By the skin of one’s teeth = suýt soát,vừa đúng giờ
4. Since he started his own business, he has been making money hand over_____.
A. fist B. heel C. head D. palm
Make money hand over fist= vớ bở,kiếm đc số tiền lớn
5. He was wearing very shabby, dirty clothes and looked very _____.
A. easy-going B. down to teeth C. out of shape D. down at heel
down at heel= trong tình trạng xấu, hỏng hóc vì sử dụng quá lâu hoặc không được chăm sóc kĩ, nghĩa khác
là mặc quần áo cũ, hỏng vì diều kiện kinh tế hạn hẹp.
6. I’m afraid you’ve caught me on the _____. I wasn’t expecting you until this afternoon.
A. stove B. grapevine C. spot D. hop
Catch sb on the hop= làm ai bất ngờ,ngạc nhiên
7. The escaped prisoner fought _____ before he was finally overpowered.
A. head over heels B. tooth and nail C. heart and soul D. foot and mouth
Fight tooth and nail = đánh nhau kịch liệt,nảy lửa
8. I didn’t suspect anything at first, but when I noticed her going through the office drawers I began to smell
_____.
A. a rat B. a pig C. a thief D. a culprit
Smell a rat = nghi ngờ
9. Nagging Susan to stop smoking has no effect on her. It’s like water off _____.
A. a windmill B. a duck’s back C. a dripping tap D. an umbrella
like water off a duck’s back= như nước đổ đầu vịt
10. I hope the computer course starts this term. We’re all as keen as _____ to get going.
A. coffee B. mustard
(as) keen as mustard=: very excited and interested
Part 2:
Lines Mistake and correction Line Mistake and correction
1. line 2 formally => formerly 6. line 10 for => to
2. line 3 approached => approaching 7. line 11 almost => most/ almost all
3. line 4 store => stored 8. line 13 limited => unlimited
4. line 7 life => lives 9. line 14 other => another
5. line 9 done => made 10. line 15 bond => bonds

3. From the words listed below, choose the one which best fits the space, A, B, C or D.
1. C gain 2. B fulfillment 3. A impels 4.D thrilling
5. C diverse 6. A acquiring 7. B grain 8. B cherishing
9. D approach 10. A drop
1. From the words listed below, choose the one which best fits the space, A, B, C or D.
The knowledge and eloquence that people (1)…through traveling is usually perceived as the best (2)…in
life. It is the inquisitive human nature that (3)…people to seek (4)…experiences and to set out on an
exploration trip. Those who travel frequently and to (5) ...places benefit from establishing new relationships
and (6)…a better knowledge about other cultures and lifestyles. However, there is a (7)…of truth in the
assumption that people are prone to (8)….clichés and unfounded prejudices about other nations and their
characteristics. Sometimes, it is only the first-hand encounter that can help change the (9)...towards the so-
called ‘inferior communities’. This direct contact with a different civilization enables travellers to (10)…
their baseless assumptions and get acquainted with the real concept of life in all four corners of the globe.
Beyond question, traveling facilities friendship and makes it easier for many individuals to acknowledge the
true value of different traditions and customs. Yet, it does not always mean enjoyment. It may also involve
coming close with the atrocities of real existence as well as becoming aware of the challenges and hardships
that other people have to struggle with. Hence, a true voyage is the one with a good deal of experience to
reminisce about, very often combined with exposure to abhorrent sights and incredible ordeals. The learning
to be complete, thus, requires an ability to observe and analyse the surroundings, both their glamour and
brutality.
1. A purchase B exact C gain D nurture
Gain knowledge =thu được ,gặt hái kiến thức
2. A completion B fulfillment C conclusion D resolution
fulfillment =a feeling of pleasure and satisfaction because you are happy with your life
3. A impels B involves C entails D pursues
Impel sb to do sth= make someone feel that they must do something
4. A thriving B throbbing C thwarting D thrilling
Thrilling = extremely exciting
5. A reverse B averse C diverse D converse
Diverse = varied or different

6. A acquiringB educating C learning D exacting

Acquire knowledge = tiếp thu kiến thức

7. A speck B grain C scrap D tip

A grain of truth =1 chút sự thật

8. A persevering B cherishing C indulging D persisting

cherish = love sth/keep sth in mind for a long time

9. A prejudiceB manner C outlook D approach

change the approach towards so-called "inferior communities"= thay đổi cách tiếp cận với những cộng đồng
được coi là thấp kém hơn
10. A drop B cease C fail D quit
Drop one’s assumption =xóa bỏ những giả định về
4. For questions 1–10, fill each of the following numbered spaces with ONE suitable word and write
your answers in the corresponding boxes provided below the passage.
1. only 2. With 3. window 4. coupled 5. against
6. side 7. on 8. to 9. As 10. purpose

PART 5. Read the passage and choose A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions (15ps)
1.B 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.A
6.A 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.D

Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for reducing the effects of
extreme heat. One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the Sun's rays. Desert
mammals also depart from the normal mammalian practice of maintaining a constant body temperature.
Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the
expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally
be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant's gazelles. The
overheated body then cools down during the cold desert night, and indeed the temperature may fall
unusually low by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel. This is an advantage since the heat of
the first few hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an excessive buildup of heat does not
begin until well into the day.
Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of body water to a point that would be
fatal for non-adapted animals. The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body weight as water without harm
to itself, whereas human beings die after losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight. An equally
important adaptation is the ability to replenish this water loss at one drink. Desert animals can drink
prodigious volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to imbibe over 100 liters in a few minutes.
A very dehydrated person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at one session, because
the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death
from water intoxication. The tolerance of water loss is of obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not
have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse and far-flung pastures. Desert-
adapted mammals have the further ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated, it is a common
experience in people that appetite is lost even under conditions of moderate thirst.
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. Weather variations in the desert. B. Adaptations of desert animals.
C. Diseased of desert animals. D. Human use of desert animals.
1. Chủ đề chính của đoạn văn là gì?
A. Sự biến đổi thời tiết ở hoang mạc. B. Sự thích nghi của động vật sống ở sa mạc.
C. Bệnh của động vật sa mạc. D. Con người sử dụng động vật sống ở sa mạc.
Clue: Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for reducing the effects of
extreme heat(Các loài động vật lớn sống trong sa mạc đã tiến hóa một số cách thích nghi để giảm bớt tác
động của nhiệt độ khắc nghiệt.)
2. According to the passage, why is light coloring an advantage to large desert animals?
A. It helps them hide from predators.
B. It does not absorb sunlight as much as dark colors.
C. It helps them see their young at night.
D. It keeps them cool at night.

Clue: One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the Sun's rays.
3. The word "maintaining" is closest in meaning to _________.
A. measuring B. inheriting C. preserving D. delaying

Maintain=preserve: duy trì

4. The author uses of Grant's gazelle as an example of
A. an animal with a low average temperature
B. an animal that is not as well adapted as the camel
C. a desert animal that can withstand high body temperatures
D. a desert animal with a constant body temperature
4. Tác giả sử dụng linh dương của Grant làm ví dụ về
A. động vật có nhiệt độ trung bình thấp
B. một loài động vật không thích nghi tốt như lạc đà
C. một loài động vật sống ở sa mạc có thể chịu được nhiệt độ cơ thể cao
D. động vật sống ở sa mạc có thân nhiệt không đổi
Clue: desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, and
temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant's gazelles.
5. When is the internal temperature of a large desert mammal lower?
A. Just before sunrise B. In the middle of the day
C. Just after sunset D. Just after drinking
5, Khi nào thì nhiệt độ bên trong của động vật có vú lớn ở sa mạc thấp hơn?
A. Ngay trước khi mặt trời mọc B. Vào giữa ngày
C. Ngay sau khi mặt trời lặn D. Ngay sau khi uống rượu
Clue: This is an advantage since the heat of the first few hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up the
body, and an excessive buildup of heat does not begin until well into the day
6. The word "tolerate" is closest in meaning to _________.
A. endure B. replace C. compensate D. reduce
Tolerate=endure: chịu đựng
7. What causes water intoxication?
A. Drinking too much water very quickly. B. Drinking polluted water.
C. Bacteria in water. D. Lack of water.
Clue: A very dehydrated person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at one session,
because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids
causes death from water intoxication.
8. Why does the author mention humans in the second paragraph?
A. To show how they use camels.
B. To contrast them to desert mammals.
C. To give instructions about desert survival.
D. To show how they have adapted to desert life.
8. Tại sao tác giả nhắc đến con người trong đoạn văn thứ hai?
A. Để cho thấy cách họ sử dụng lạc đà.
B. Để đối chiếu chúng với động vật có vú ở sa mạc.
C. Để đưa ra các chỉ dẫn về sự tồn tại của sa mạc.
D. Cho biết chúng đã thích nghi với đời sống ở sa mạc như thế nào.
Clue: Desert animals can drink prodigious volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to imbibe
over 100 liters in a few minutes. A very dehydrated person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to
rehydrate at one session, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid dilution
of the body fluids causes death from water intoxication(Các loài động vật trên sa mạc có thể uống một lượng
lớn nước trong thời gian ngắn, và lạc đà đã được biết đến là có thể hấp thụ hơn 100 lít trong vài phút. Ngược
lại, một người rất mất nước không thể uống đủ nước để bù nước trong một buổi, vì dạ dày của con người
không đủ lớn và do chất lỏng trong cơ thể bị pha loãng quá nhanh dẫn đến tử vong do nhiễm độc nước.)
9. The word "obtain" is closest in meaning to _________.
A. digest B. carry C. save D. get
10. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an adaptation of large desert animals?
A. Variation in body temperatures. B. Eating while dehydrated.
C. Drinking water quickly. D. Being active at night.
0. Điều nào sau đây KHÔNG được đề cập là sự thích nghi của động vật sống ở sa mạc lớn?
A. Sự biến đổi nhiệt độ cơ thể. B. Đang ăn khi mất nước.
C. Uống nước nhanh chóng. D. Hoạt động vào ban đêm

PART 6. Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-G from the list of headings below. Write the
correct number, i- ix, in blanks.

1. i 2. vi 3. iii 4. vii 5. iv

6.sea 7. islands 8. nomadic 9. nature 10. Imported

mammals

Part V. Read the following passage. Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-G from the list of
headings below. Write the correct number, i- ix, in blanks.
List of headings
ii. Understanding of climate change remains limited
v. A healthier choice of food
vi. A difficult landscape
viii. Alarm caused by unprecedented events in the Arctic
The benefits of an easier existence

Paragraph A: viii
1. Paragraph B 2. Paragraph C 3. Paragraph D
4. Paragraph E 5. Paragraph F
Your answers

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Climate Change and the Inuit

A,Unusual incidents are being reported across the Arctic. Inuit families going off on snowmobiles to
prepare their summer hunting camps have found themselves cut off from home by a sea of mud,
following early thaws. There are reports of igloos losing their insulating properties as the snow drips
and refreezes, of lakes draining into the sea as permafrost melts, and sea ice breaking up earlier than
usual, carrying seals beyond the reach of hunters. Climate change may still be, a rather abstract idea
to most of us, but in the Arctic it is already having dramatic effects – if summertime ice continues to
shrink at its present rate, the Arctic Ocean could soon become virtually ice-free in summer. The
knock-on effects are likely to include more warning, cloudier skies, increased precipitation and
higher sea levels. Scientists are increasingly keen to find out what’s going on because they consider
the Artic the ‘canary in the mine’ for global warming – a warning of what’s in store for the rest of the
world.
B i. The reaction of the Inuit community to climate change
 For the Inuit the problem is urgent. They live in precarious balance with one of the toughest
environments on earth. Climate change, whatever its causes, is a direct threat to their way of life.
Nobody knows the Artic as well as the locals, which is why they are not content simply to stand back
and let outside experts tell them what’s happening. In Canada, where the Inuit people are jealously
guarding their hand-won autonomy in the country’s newest territory, Nunavut, they believe their best
hope of survival in this changing environment lies in combining their ancestral knowledge with the
best of modern science.( Ở Canada, nơi người Inuit đang bảo vệ đầy kiêu hãnh sự tự trị mạnh mẽ của
mình trong lãnh thổ mới nhất của đất nước, Nunavut, họ tin rằng hy vọng tốt nhất của họ về sự sống
còn trong môi trường thay đổi này là kết hợp kiến thức tổ tiên với khoa học hiện đại nhất. )This is a
challenge in itself.
 Phản ứng của cộng động ng Inuit đói vs biến dổi khs hậu
C vi. A difficult landscape

The Canadian Arctic is a vast, treeless polar desert that’s covered with snow for most of the year.
Venture into this terrain and you get some idea of the hardships facing anyone who calls this home.
Farming is out of the question and nature offers meager pickings. Humans first settled in the Arctic a
mere 4,500 years ago, surviving by exploiting sea mammals and fish(.Bắc Cực thuộc Canada là một
sa mạc địa cực xa rộng lớn, vô tận không hề có cây cối được bao phủ quanh năm bởi tuyết. Mạo hiểm
vào trong địa hình này và bạn sẽ hiểu được về những khó khăn mà bất cứ ai sống trong kiểu nhà này
phải đối mặt. Trồng trọt không giải quyết được vấn đề và thiên nhiên chỉ cung cấp một vài nguồn ít
ỏi. Loài người bắt đầu định cư ở Bắc Cực cách đây 4,500 năm, sống sót bằng cách khai thác các loài
động vật có vú và cá từ biển.) The environment tested them to the limits: sometimes the colonists
were successful, sometimes they failed and vanished. But around a thousand years ago, one group
emerged that was uniquely well adapted to cope with the Arctic environment. These Thule people
moved in from Alaska, bringing kayaks, sleds, dogs, pottery and iron tools. They are the ancestors of
today’s Inuit people.
 Điều kiện khắc nghiệt
D, iii. Alternative sources of essential supplies
Life for the descendants of the Thule people is still harsh. Nunavut is 1.9 million square kilometers of
rock and ice, and a handful of islands around the North Pole. It’s currently home to 2,500 people, all
but a handful of them indigenous Inuit. Over the past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic
ways and settled in the territory’s 28 isolated communities, but they still rely on nature to provide
food and clothing.
Provisions available in local shops have to be flown into Nunavut on one of the most costly air
networks in the world, or brought by supply ship during the few ice-free weeks of summer(Các mặt
hàng có sẵn trong các cửa hàng địa phương phải được đưa vào Nunavut bằng một trong những mạng
lưới hàng không đắt nhất trên thế giới hoặc được cung cấp bởi tàu trong suốt vài tuần lễ không có
băng của mùa hè.). It would cost a family around £ 7,000 a year to replace meat they obtained
themselves through hunting with imported meat. Economic opportunities are scarce, and for many
people state benefits are their only income.
=> Nguonf cung cấp thay thế thiết yếu
E. vii. Negative effects on well-being
While the Inuit may not actually starve if hunting and trapping are curtailed by climate change, there
has certainly been an impact on people’s health. Obesity, heart disease and diabetes are beginning to
appear in a people for whom these have never before been problems(.Mặc dù người Inuit có thể
không thực sự chết đói nếu việc săn bắn và đặt bẫy bị hạn chế bởi biến đổi khí hậu, chắc chắn vẫn có
ảnh hưởng đến sức khoẻ của người dân. Bệnh béo phì, bệnh tim và bệnh tiểu đường bắt đầu xuất hiện
trên những người chưa bao giờ mắc phải những bệnh này.) There has been a crisis of identity as the
traditional skills of hunting, trapping and preparing skins have begun to disappear. In Nunavut‘s
‘igloo and email’ society, where adults who were born in igloos have children who may never have
been out on the land, there‘s high incidence of depression.
=> Ảnh hưởng tiêu cực lên con người
F. iv. Respect for Inuit opinion grows
With so much at stake, the Inuit are determined to play a key role in teasing out the mysteries of climate
change in the Arctic. Having survived there for centuries, they believe their wealth of traditional
knowledge is vital to the task. And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom,
 increasingly referred to as ‘Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit’, or IQ. ‘In the early days scientists ignored us
when they came up here to study anything. They just figured these people don’t know very much so
we won’t ask them,’ says John Amagoalik, an Inuit leader and politician. ‘ But in recent years IQ has
had much more credibility and weight.’( Và các nhà khoa học phương Tây đang bắt đầu học hỏi sự
khôn ngoan này, còn được gọi là 'Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit', hoặc IQ. Trong những ngày đầu tiên các
nhà khoa học bỏ qua chúng tôi khi họ đến đây để nghiên cứu bất cứ điều gì. Họ chỉ nghĩ rằng những
người này không biết nhiều lắm nên chúng ta sẽ không hỏi họ ", John Amagoalik, lãnh đạo Inuit và
đồng thời cũng là 1 chính trị gia chia sẻ. Nhưng trong những năm gần đây IQ đã có nhiều uy tín và
trọng lượng hơn.) (In fact it is now a requirement for anyone hoping to get permission to do research
that they consult the communities, who are helping to set the research agenda to reflect their most
important concerns. They can turn down applications from scientists they believe will work against
their interests, or research projects that will impinge too much on their daily lives and traditional
activities.
=> Sự tôn trọng đối với quan điểm của người Inuit ngày càng tăng
G. Some scientists doubt the value of traditional knowledge because the occupation of the Arctic
doesn’t go back far enough. Others, however, point out that the first weather stations in the far north
date back just 50 years. There are still huge gaps in our environmental knowledge, and despite the
scientific onslaught, many predictions are no more than best guesses. IQ could help to bridge the gap
and resolve the tremendous uncertainty about how much of what we’re seeing is natural
capriciousness and how much is the consequence of human activity.

Part 7:
Your answers
1. B 2. C 3.D 4.C 5.B
6.A 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.D

Beating Stress
A.
School student Ester Montoya knows she has to improve her marks in her main subjects. She’s trying hard
but it’s not easy and sometimes she feels she’s doing too much work . Cô ấy đang cố gắng rất nhiều nhưng
điều đó không hề dễ dàng và đôi khi cô ấy cảm thấy mình đang phải làm quá nhiều việc. Q6. ‘I have to get
away from it now and then,’ she says, ‘so recently I’ve joined a local youth theatre group. It really helps
because it takes my mind off everything, it’s a kind of escape from reality. vì vậy gần đây tôi đã tham gia
một nhóm kịch thanh niên địa phương. Nó thực sự hữu ích vì nó khiến tâm trí tôi ngừng nghĩ về mọi thứ, đó
là một kiểu trốn chạy khỏi thực tế Q9 Also I’m meeting other people of my own age and I’m hoping to make
some friends there. Apart from that I suppose there’s TV, but there’s not a lot on. I’ve read that laughing can
be very relaxing, but I’m afraid none of the comedy series they’re showing right now is worth watching.
Something I’ve been meaning to try, though, is work helping others, perhaps old people. A friend of mine
does it, and she says it really makes a difference – both to them and to her.’
B.
For seventeen-year-old Steve Ellison, life if particularly busy right now. He’s revising for some important
exams but he still manages to find time for his favourite free-time activities, which include long-distance
running. ‘It’s funny,’ he says, ‘I only took to it recently when I found it helped me wind down, because at
school I never looked forward to those cross-country runs we had to do every Monday morning Thật là buồn
cười", anh ấy nói, "Tôi chỉ mới làm gần đây khi tôi thấy nó giúp tôi thoải mái, bởi vì ở trường, tôi không bao
giờ mong đợi những cuộc chạy xuyên quốc gia mà chúng tôi phải làm vào mỗi sáng thứ HaiQ5. Yet
nowadays I run a lot at weekends, and I do some voluntary work with local kids at the sports centre. Tuy
nhiên, ngày nay tôi chạy rất nhiều vào cuối tuần và tôi làm một số công việc tình nguyện với trẻ em địa
phương tại trung tâm thể thao.Q1’ As well as doing plenty of exercise, he also tries to maintain a healthy
diet. ‘I’ve told myself I must always eat a variety of healthy food, with lots of fruit and green vegetables ,
though if I’m out with my mates I may give in to temptation and have a burger and chipsMặc dù nếu đi chơi
với bạn tình, tôi có thể bị cám dỗ và ăn một chiếc bánh mì kẹp thịt và khoai tây chiên. Q8. I never drink
coffee, though, because it makes you talk and act nervously, and it keeps you awake at night, too, which is
bad for your stress level.’
C.
First-year university student Amelie Lefevre believes that the best way to beat stress is to organize your life
more sensibly. ‘My life used to be pretty chaotic, there always seemed to be so much to do, often jobs that
other people should have been doing. So what I eventually learned to do was to say no, politely, to extra
work. Cuộc sống của tôi trước đây khá hỗn loạn, dường như luôn có quá nhiều việc phải làm, thường là
những công việc mà lẽ ra người khác phải làm. Vì vậy, điều cuối cùng tôi học được là từ chối một cách lịch
sự với công việc làm thêm Q2 That helped, as did making a list of priorities for each day, with some things
scheduled for today, others for tomorrow and some that could be postponed for longer. I also make rules for
myself about meal times, and the amount of sleep I need. There was a time when I was staying up until all
hours, but I was exhausted the next day so I don’t do that any more. I think I manage my time quite well
now, but nobody’s perfect and occasionally I still oversleep and turn up late for lectures!’ Đã có lúc tôi thức
đến cả tiếng đồng hồ, nhưng hôm sau tôi kiệt sức nên tôi không làm như vậy nữa. Tôi nghĩ hiện tại tôi quản
lý thời gian của mình khá tốt, nhưng không ai là hoàn hảo cả và thỉnh thoảng tôi vẫn ngủ quên và thức khuya
để giảng bài! "Q4
D.
Student Ndali Traore likes to get up early so he has a relaxed start to the day. ‘I hate leaving jobs till the last
minute, and I always try to do those I like least first,’ he says. ‘These days I always listen to music while I’m
working,’ he adds, ‘whereas a couple of years ago I found it annoying – it always seemed to spoil my
concentration.’ When he has some free time, he goes to the cinema, or out with friends. Q7‘If something’s
bothering me,’ he says, ‘I often find that just talking to them about it helps . Particularly, if you can make a
joke about it, because it always seems a lot less serious when you do that Nếu điều gì đó làm phiền tôi", anh
ấy nói, "Tôi thường thấy rằng chỉ cần nói chuyện với họ về điều đó sẽ có ích. Đặc biệt, nếu bạn có thể nói
đùa về nó, bởi vì nó luôn có vẻ ít nghiêm trọng hơn rất nhiều khi bạn làm vậy. 'Q3
.’ If he’s on his own, he has a special way of dealing with stress: ‘I try to relive occasions when I was really
relaxed, such as spending the day by a beautiful lake in the sunshine. That often works,’ he says . Nếu anh
ấy ở một mình, anh ấy có một cách đặc biệt để đối phó với căng thẳng: 'Tôi cố gắng hồi tưởng lại những dịp
mà tôi thực sự thư giãn, chẳng hạn như dành cả ngày bên một hồ nước xinh đẹp dưới ánh nắng mặt trời.
Điều đó thường hoạt động, anh ấy nói.Q10
Which person
1. regularly does a job without getting paid?
2. no longer agrees to do things they don’t want to do?
3. tries to see the funny side of things that are worrying them?
4. accepts that they sometimes make mistakes?
5. prefers to do unpleasant jobs as soon as possible?
6. is not doing as well in their studies as they would like?
7. likes to tell friends about their problems?
8. sometimes breaks their own rules about eating when they are not alone?
9. finds that acting makes them feel better?
10. likes to think back to times when they felt less stressed?

Part 8:
11,They have been testing a new flu vaccine since the beginning of the year

12,The teacher, by dint of draconian disciplinary measures, has struck terror into his students’s heart
by dint of: bởi vì,do bởi

13, Initially regarded as a rank outsider, Leicester was crowned champion of the 2014-2015 Premier League
a rank outsider: they are considered to have very little chance of winning.

14,Any way you slice it,there will be a lot of unhappy people when the winner is announced.
Any way you slice it: dù có mổ xẻ , phân tích nó ra hay nhìn thấy như thế nào, thì...

15,Tome has set his hearts on jacking in his job and travelling around the world
Set one’s hearts on : have a strong desire for or to do
16,The figures have given the lie to rumours that the company is on the rocks
give the lie to sth: prove that something is not true

17,The new principal will have to take a hard line on chool violence straight away
take a hard line on: to be very severe in the way that you deal with someone or something

18, Donald Trump has pledged to rip up existing trade deals with Mexico, which would inflict substantial
damage on the US...
Inflict damage on : gây nên thiệt hại cho

19, During pioneer days a lot of land in the United States was up for grabs
up for grabs: có đủ cho tất cả mọi người

20, Harry wasn’t in a fit state to drive as he had had one too many
in a fit state : in the right mental or physical condition to do something

TEST 9

KEY
\Phần 1

Section 1.
1. Milperra Sydney 6. Door/ bathroom door
2. First class movers 7. Dining room table
3. 28 November 8. $200
4. 601 ACK 9. Six plates
5. the screen 10. $60 in total

Section 2.
1. 31 2. B 3. aquarius 4. Florida 5. 22

Section 3.
1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.?

Section 4.
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B

Section 2.
Rob: Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Rob and with me is Finn.
Finn: …
Rob: Finn? Are you ok?
Finn: (breathes out) Ahhh… 49 seconds… I was just… holding my breath!
Rob: A new hobby of yours, Finn?
Finn: Well today… we're talking about people living underwater – so I thought I could do with some
practice.
Rob: Ok – well you get your breath back. Today, we'll be hearing about scientists who broke the world
record for time spent underwater – they spent an incredible 31 days under the waves! And we'll be learning
some related vocabulary too. Ready now, Finn?
Finn: Yes – I think so. And are you ready for this week's question?
Rob: Hit me with it.
Finn: This week's question is… what is the longest time a human being has held their breath underwater
for? Is it:
12 minutes
18 minutes
22 minutes

Rob: I'm going to go for b) 18 minutes.

Finn: I'll tell you if you're right or wrong at the end of the programme, but… don't hold your breath!
Rob: Haha. Don't hold your breath – a phrase which means 'don't expect that a particular good thing will
happen'. Anyway – what about these scientists – did they hold their breath for 31 days?

Finn: Haha – no – but they did live underwater in a laboratory. That's a room or building with scientific
equipment for doing tests.
Rob: One of the men was Fabien Cousteau, who's an oceanographer – someone who studies the oceans. He's
the grandson of Jacques Cousteau – a Frenchman who held the previous record of 30 days underwater.
Finn: Fabien said he wanted to break his grandfather's record to raise awareness of ocean conservation –
protecting and looking after the ocean.
Rob: Well he's raised our awareness at least. Now I'm interested in how they lived underwater. Listen to
Fabien talking about the laboratory called Aquarius. Which word does he use to say that the lab is
completely underwater?

Fabien Cousteau (Oceanographer): Aquarius is very unique in that it's the only undersea marine
laboratory – it gives us a unique platform from which to live and explore this final frontier on our planet.
Finn: He called it an undersea laboratory. ‘Undersea’ is, as you might guess a word similar to underwater. It
means under the sea.
Rob: And he called this undersea world 'the final frontier'. It's an interesting phrase – it comes from the Star
Trek television series, which called space the final frontier – the last place that humans have not yet travelled
to, the last place to explore.
Finn: And apparently this laboratory was 18 metres under the sea in Florida... and being there allowed them
to spend less time diving and more time observing marine life.
Rob: Marine life – that means 'of the sea', so marine life means sea life, plants and animals that live in the
sea. They were particularly interested in investigating the effects of pollution on coral.
Finn: Now, I know they did this to raise awareness of marine conservation. But what I'm really interested in
is what life was like for them. What was it like to live underwater for so long?
Rob: Surprisingly, perhaps, life there wasn't too bad. They had air conditioning, hot water and internet
access!
Finn: Though I do know that Fabien struggled with one aspect. Listen to him to find out what:
Fabien Cousteau (Oceanographer): Unfortunately for me, as a French person, the food will also be
simulated – freezedried, astronaut type of food, canned foods – things like that, so it's a horror show for me.
Rob: Poor Fabien. He said the food was pretty awful. Maybe it was English food?!
Finn: Probably – as a Frenchman he wasn't impressed by the freeze-dried food – that means food that is
quickly frozen and dried – to preserve it.
Rob: Yes, he thought it was astronaut style food – the sort of food you would eat as an astronaut – someone
who travels into space!
Finn: And coming back to dry land they had to spend 16 hours decompressing.
Rob: That's very important. Divers have to decompress – to return to their original body pressure – when
they come out of the water.
Finn: Sounds like a long time to wait for a good meal! So Rob – what do you think? Would you like to live
underwater for a month?
Rob: Absolutely not. I'd get very claustrophobic in those small spaces.
Finn: Anyway – let's see if you got this week's question right. I asked you what you thought the world
record for holding your breath for underwater was.
Rob: I went for 18 minutes.
Finn: Actually is was even longer than that. 22 minutes, 0 seconds by Stig Severinsen from Denmark. Stig
was allowed to hyperventilate – breathe fast and deeply using oxygen before the attempt. Please don't try
this at home! Well, that brings us to the end of today's 6 Minute English. We hope you’ve enjoyed today’s
underwater programme. Please join us again soon. Bye.
Rob: Bye.

Section 3.
Richard: Hi, Linda, did you have a nice holiday?
Linda: Yes, I went to visit my aunt Cathy in Chase Village for a week.
Richard: Oh, you went to Chase Village? I know the place. My sister lives there. How is the traffic
there?
Linda: Not too bad. Why do you ask about the traffic?
Richard: You know, I went to the traffic 3 years ago. There was a lot of traffic in Chase Village. People
drove too fast. I had a very serious accident on Newland Street. I was afraid to drive there, so I always
try to avoid that road when I visit my sister.
Linda: Things are changing no. You know, people put on their brakes and slow down on New Land
Street because they can see a police car there with a police officer in it.
Richard: Oh, it’s good to have a policeman there because there were many accidents that happened on
that road. But the police officer wouldn’t be there all the time, so some people wouldn’t be too careful
about the police. Sometimes they just took a risk.
Linda: You know, the police officer has been working on that road 24 hours a day, seven days a week
for a bout two and a half years now.
Richard: Oh, how can a policeman do this without any break?
Linda: No break at all.
Richard: How much does he get paid for the overtime work?
Linda: In fact, he doesn’t get any pay at all.
Richard: What is his name? He must be a volunteer there but I can’t believe it.
Linda: His name is Officer Springirth. The police department put him to work there.
Richard: What do you mean? Why did police department put him to work there?
Linda: In fact, he isn’t a real man. He is a mannequin. Before he was put there, people broke into 16
cars in two months in the village. When the police department put Officer Springirth on that
road there were no more break-ins in that area.
Richard: I’m glad to hear it. I think the police department should put more mannequins on other
roads which often cause accidents.
Linda: It’s a good idea. You know, the crime rate in Chase Village is very low compared to the
neighbouring village.
Richard: So, the most important effect Officer Springirth has is reducing the crime rate.
Linda: Exactly.
Richard: I will go to visit my sister next month so I will try that road again.
Linda: Yes, please do. You will see the changes.

Section 4
Man: And today I’m talking to Angela Morgan. Angela, what made you decide to fly round the world in a
helicopter?
Woman: People often ask me why I decided to do it but I’m surprised they don’t ask “Why did you wait so
long?” because I’m 57 now! I’m sorry I didn’t do it years ago, because it was such a wonderful experience.
But the main purpose for going was to collect £500,000 for sick children by getting different companies to
pay us money for each kilometre that we flew.
Man: And now everyone calls you the flying grandmother!
Woman: Yes, the thing about growing older is that you don’t feel any different inside, so you have to do as
much as you can while you can. I’m healthy, and my own children are grown up, so I was free to go.
Man: And what about preparing the trip?
Woman: Well, it took five months to plan. I was going to go with my husband, but he couldn’t take time off
work. Instead I made the trip with my flying teacher who became a great friend while she was teaching me
to fly three years ago. I passed my flying test after two weeks; found it quite easy.
Man: And what was the trip like?
Woman: It was really exciting flying over so many different countries. The only thing was that we weren’t
able to spend much time sightseeing because we only stopped to get water and to camp. We took very little
with us, but we did have tents and cooking things to use at night. We had to spend two days in Thailand
because of an engine problem, but that was the longest we spent anywhere. Fortunately nothing else went
wrong, so we just kept on going after that.
Man: What did you enjoy most about the trip?
Woman: The most wonderful thing about flying was seeing the differences in the countryside as we flew
across 26 countries in 97 days. We flew over oceans and close to mountains; sometimes it was quite
frightening, but we didn’t travel when it was dark. We spent several nights camping in the desert and the sky
was just full of stars. I made a video of the trip; you’ll see it in a minute.
Man: Was there anything that you missed while you were away?
Woman: Well, to my surprise I didn’t miss going to work or going out to restaurants or films. The most
difficult thing was sitting still all the time; I normally play tennis and swim several times a week, so I started
to feel very unfit. I missed hot water and proper showers sometimes too, but not as much as I thought I
would!

Part 1: Đáp án: 1D 2D 3A 4B 5B 6C 7D 8B 9D 10D

1. The teacher asked a difficult question, but finally Ted _________ a good answer.
A. put up with B. keep pace with C. made way for D. came up with
Put up with = chịu đựng điều gì gây khó chịu
Keep pace with = bắt kịp với ( trình độ,sự phát triển)
Make way for = provide a space or an opportunity for something else
Come up with= đưa ra ý tưởng,giái pháp cho vấn đề khó khăn cần giải quyết
2. Remember to appreciate what your friends do for you. You shouldn’t take them_______.
A. as a rule B. as usual C. out of habit D. for granted
Take sth for granted=take it as read= coi điều gì là điểu hiển nhiên ,là đúng
3. Roy________the depths of despair when his wife left him
A. plumbs B. reaches C. fills D. achieves
plumb the depths of despair: tuyệt vọng cùng cực
4. The children are well-behaved in school. They only act_______ when their parents are around.
A. in B. up C. on D. Off
Act up = If a person, especially a child, acts up, they behave badly
5. Don’t _______! I haven’t finished explaining yet !
A. hang on B. hang up C. hold up D. hold on
Hang up= end a phone conversation// a permanent and unreasonable feeling of anxiety about a particular
feature of yourself
6. We were doing a project when Peter hit ______ this ingenious method of freezing food.
A. up B. on C. upon D. Out
hit on/upon sth= think of an idea when you didn't expect or intend to, especially one that solves a problem
7. You should always have an alternative plan to ____________
A. bring about B. ask after C. feel up to D. fall back on
Fall back on = use something, especially a form of financial support, when other things have failed
8. What were you two _____________ just now in the garden?
A. bringing about B. getting up to C. coming up with D. getting round to
Get up to = do something, often something that other people would disapprove of
9. The school exam for eleven-year-olds was _____________ some years ago.
A. followed up B. drawn up C. carried out D. done away with
Do away with = loại bỏ ai/cái gì
10. The authorities are worried about the recent phenomenon of students dropping ______ of college to seek
employment.
A. out B. down C. back D. off
Drop out of= bỏ học giữa chừng
B.

KEY : 1D 2A 3D 4A 5C 6B 7B 8D 9. A 10A
1. Tourists often go to the Louvre but most Parisians only go ____________
A. in the redB. out of the blue C. a black sheep D. once in a blue moon
Once in a blue moon= chỉ một điều gì đó hoặc một sự việc, hành động nào đó rất hiếm khi xảy ra.
In the red= mắc nợ
Out of the blue= bất thình lình,đột ngột
A black sheep = mô tả họ là một thành viên đơn lẻ hoặc tai tiếng nằm trong một nhóm hoặc là những đứa trẻ
khác biệt trong một gia đình hoặc những nhân tố nổi loạn trong một tập thể.
2. The firm is __________. It owns a lot of money.
A. in the redB. out of the blue C. a black sheep D. in the blue
Once in a blue moon= chỉ một điều gì đó hoặc một sự việc, hành động nào đó rất hiếm khi xảy ra.
In the red= mắc nợ
Out of the blue= bất thình lình,đột ngột
A black sheep = mô tả họ là một thành viên đơn lẻ hoặc tai tiếng nằm trong một nhóm hoặc là những đứa trẻ
khác biệt trong một gia đình hoặc những nhân tố nổi loạn trong một tập thể.
3. He never panics in a difficult situation. He stays as cool as a ___________
A. tomato B. apple C. potato D. Cucumber
As cool as a cucumber =rất bình tĩnh,như thể không có việc gì xảy ra
4. This conversation project looks promising, but it’s still _______.
A. in the early stages B. in advance C. under stress D. at first sight
in the early stages = used for describing something that has only recently started to happen or develop
5. When finding a new house, parents should ________all the conditions for their children’s education and
entertainment.
A. make all the conditions B. get a measure of C. take into account D. put into effect
take into account /consideration= cân nhắc ,xem xét điều gì
have/get a measure of = have or get a good understanding about what is needed to defeat or deal with
(someone one is competing against)
6. I accidentally ________ Mike when I was crossing a street downtown yesterday.
A. lost touch with B. caught sight of C. paid attention to D. kept an eye on
caught sight of = bắt gặp ai,tình cờ gặp ai đó
pay attention to = chú ý đến ai/cái gì
loose touch with = mất ,không còn liên lạc với ai
keep an eye on = để mắt,canh chừng,lưu tâm đến ai/cái gì
7. The Jacksons won’t contribute to the Red Cross unless you _____.
A. go down on your knees B. stand on your own feet
C. are on your last legs D. keep your head
stand on your own feet= có tinh thần độc lập, có khả năng tự lập, tự túc mà không cần sự trợ giúp của người
khác.
Be on its last legs= trong tình trạng hấp hối(người) ,sắp bị hư hỏng ,không dùng đc nữa ( vật)
8. His response was as sharp as a______
A. sword B. knife C. scissors D. Needle
as sharp as a needle=Intelligent and quick-thinking.
9. Without written evidence , we don’t have a ______ on.
A. leg to stand B. foot to stand C. leg to lean D. foot to lean
have a leg to stand on: có lý lẽ để biện minh cho mình
10. Just because we’ve had a good year, this does not mean that we cannot do better: we must not ______
A. have our head in the clouds B. bury our heads in the sand
C. count our blessings D. rest on our laurels
rest on our laurels : ngủ quên trên chiến thắng
have your head in the clouds= to not know the facts of a situation
bury our heads in the sand= nhắm mắt làm ngơ,lảng tránh vấn đề
count our blessings = to be grateful for the good things in your life, often to stop yourself becoming too
unhappy about the bad things

Part 2

(Line 1) 0. year  years

(Line 1) 1. done à made
(Line 3) 2. telecommunication à telecommunications
(Line 4) 3. modern à modernization
 (Line 5) 4. diagnosis à diagnostic
(Line 7) 5. superstructure à infrastructure
(Line 8) 6. on (progress) à in (progress)
(Line 8) 7. include à including
(Line 11) 8. increased à increasing
(Line 12) 9. anticipates à is anticipated
(Line 13) 10. computered à computerized

Part 3:
Stressful situations that (21) ______ almost every day in life seem to be unavoidable. However, we can do
little sometimes to (22) ______ a misfortune or unpleasant occurrence which may (23) ______ us
expectedly as only it can. At such a moment, one may hit the roof give in to the helplessness of the situation
or, ideally, put a brave (24) ______ on it trying to bear the burden.
Can you (25) ______ in your mind an hour spent in a traffic jam, say, this morning? Do you light one
cigarette after another? Do you sound the (26) ______ every few seconds like the other neurotics? Or do
you take a different stance and make good use of the time drawing up a schedule for the days to come?
To withstand the stressful moment you can also do a crossword puzzle, listen to your favorite music or even
compose a menu for your Saturday dinner. In fact, whatever way you respond to the annoying situation, you
can exert no impact on it as the traffic jam will only reduce in due (27) ______. Nevertheless, your reaction
might considerably influence your mood for the rest of the day. The inability to confront a stressful
occurrence like that with a deal of composure and sensibility adds much more (28) _____ to your life and in
this way puts your well-being in (28) ______. Surprisingly, it's the seemingly negligible hardships we (29)
______ on daily that run double the risk of developing serious health disorders rather than our isolated
tragedies however painful they may be.
Given that so many of those (30) ______ stress inducing troubles affect us in a day, we should, at best, try to
avoid them or possibly make radical alterations in the way we lead our daily lifestyles.
21. A. create B. originate C. emerge D. devise
Emerge=to appear by coming out of something or out from behind something
22. A. stamp out B. dawn on C. boil down to D. ward off
ward off someone/something=to keep someone or something away or prevent something from happening or
harming you
23. A. befall B. happen C. occur D. arise
Befall=If something bad or dangerous befalls you, it happens to you
24. A. neck B. face C. forehead D. fist
'put on a brave face' (lên mặt can đảm), điều đó có nghĩa là bạn đang cố gắng làm cho người khác tưởng bạn
vui vẻ, trong khi thực tế không phải như vậy.
25. A. observe B. picture C. envision D. conclude
envision in your mind= mường tưởng,hình dung trong tâm trí về cái gì/ai
26. A. horn B. alarm C. voice D. song
Sound the horn =bấm còi,báo hiệu
27. A. term B. course C. timing D. period
In due course=Nếu bạn nói rằng điều gì đó sẽ xảy ra hoặc diễn ra “in due course”, có nghĩa là bạn không thể
làm cho nó xảy ra nhanh hơn nữa và nó sẽ xảy ra khi đến thời điểm thích hợp.
28. A. risk B. jeopardy C. weakness D. strain
Put sth in jeopardy = cause one to be in a situation or scenario that could prove risky, dangerous, or
damaging
29. A. stagger B. stutter C. stumble D. stump
stumble across/on/upon sth/sb=to discover something by chance, or to meet someone by chance
30. A.wretched B.incongruous C.countervailing D.unkempt
Wretched=unpleasant or of low quality

Part 4: (10 pts) Each correct answer is given 1 pt

1. about 2. far/currently 3. bay 4.out 5. Of
 6. ability 7.declared/designated/made 8. island 9. less 10. aground

Part 5
Read the passage and choose the right answer for each question. (15 points)
1. B 2. D 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.C
HERBS AND DRUGS
Herbs are different kinds of plants and plant parts that can be used for medicinal purposes. This can
include the leaves, stems, roots, or seeds of the plant. Herbs have been important in traditional medicine for
centuries, in both of the East and the West. In Western medicine, they have largely been replaced by drugs.
Herbal treatments are, however, still an integral part of Eastern medicine. In recent years, interest in
traditional medicine has increased in the West. Many people are either using modern methods combined
with traditional treatments or are turning to these treatments entirely. While traditional medicine can be
helpful, they are not without their share of problems.
The main difference between herbs and drugs is that, while herbs are simply parts of plants, drugs are
specific chemicals in a pure form. Many modern drugs are derived from chemicals found in plants. One
example is aspirin, which is made from a chemical extracted from the back of the willow tree. Other drugs
are entirely synthetic. Even those drugs that are derived from natural sources are heavily processed in order
to purify and concentrate them. This allows drugs to be administered in very precise amounts. Different
kinds and degrees of illnesses often require dosages that differ only slightly. A little too much or not enough
of a certain drug can have negative effects on the patient. Many drugs also produce negative effects even
when taken in the recommended dosage. These undesired negative effects are called “side-effects”
The possibility of dangerous and unexpected side-effects from drugs has led many people back to
traditional medicine. Herbal treatments seem more natural than modern drugs. Many feel that traditional
medicine is more concerned with treating the underlying causes of disease instead of just the symptoms,
through the truth of this claim is not yet clear. In any case, there is a certain comfort in taking natural herbal
treatments instead of the processed, synthetic chemicals derived from them.
There are, however, disadvantages to herbal treatments, some of them are serious. Few herbal
treatments have been scientifically studied. While the active chemicals in the herb may be known, it may not
be clear what they really do, or if they are really effective at all. Because the active chemicals are not used
alone, it is very difficult to determine the proper amount for treatment, since the levels of the chemical are
not constant throughout the plant. Therefore, the risk of under- and overdose is higher than with drugs. A
more serious problem is that certain herbal treatments may have no real medicinal effect, thus giving the
patient a false sense of security. This is particularly harmful when the patient refuses treatment with modern
drugs that could be effective.
There are even certain herbs that can cause side-effects, just like a drug. (A) One of these is ma-
huang, also called ephedra, which is taken to increase energy. (B) It has been known to cause damage to the
heart and nervous system. Garlic and ginger are common elements in food that are also taken as herbal
treatments, but they can be dangerous for people with diabetes. (C) In general, herbs are most dangerous
when they are taken along with common drugs. This may happen in two ways: a patient decides to
supplement his or her regular treatment with herbs, or a dishonest manufacturer adds modern drugs to an
herbal treatment. (D) In both cases, the results can be very serious. The herb St. John’s wort is often used to
treat depression, but if it is used along with conventional antidepressants, such as Zoloft, the combination
can cause confusion, headaches, allergic reactions, and other problems.
Finally, because production of herbal treatments is seldom regulated, harmful substances can be
present in herbal preparations. Herbs grown in polluted soil may contain lead, arsenic, or mercury. They
may also be tainted with pesticides. It is for these reasons that herbs should not be treated as the perfect
substitute for drugs. Although herbs appear to be quite distinct from modern drugs, it is important to use
them with the same sort of care.

1. The word “integral” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to

A. harmful. B. important. C. famous. D. controversial.
Integral=important= thiết yếu, quan trọng
2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “tained” in paragraph 6?
A. Accompanied. B. Augmented. C. Substituted. D. Contaminated.
 Tain=contaminate= bị nhiễm độc
3. The word “this” in paragraph 4 line 8 refers to
A. patients taking ineffective herbs instead of drugs.
B. patients having a sense of security.
C. the risk of under and overdose of an herbal treatment.
D. the patient’s belief that modern drugs are bad for you.
Clue: thus giving the patient a false sense of security. This is particularly harmful when the patient refuses
treatment with modern drugs that could be effective.
4. Why does the author mention that drugs are heavily processed?
A. To show that herbs cannot compete with modern medical techniques.
B. Because many mistakes can occur in this processing.
C. To illustrate that drugs are not natural.
D. To point out that many countries cannot afford to produce drugs.
4. Tại sao tác giả đề cập đến việc thuốc được chế biến nhiều?
A. Để chứng tỏ rằng các loại thảo mộc không thể cạnh tranh với các kỹ thuật y học hiện đại.
B. Vì có thể xảy ra nhiều sai sót trong quá trình xử lý này.
C. Để minh họa rằng thuốc không phải tự nhiên.
D. Chỉ ra rằng nhiều nước không đủ khả năng sản xuất ma tuý.
Clue: The main difference between herbs and drugs is that, while herbs are simply parts of plants,
drugs are specific chemicals in a pure form. Many modern drugs are derived from chemicals found in plants.
One example is aspirin, which is made from a chemical extracted from the back of the willow tree. Other
drugs are entirely synthetic. Even those drugs that are derived from natural sources are heavily processed in
order to purify and concentrate them.
Sự khác biệt chính giữa các loại thảo mộc và thuốc là, trong khi các loại thảo mộc chỉ đơn giản là các
bộ phận của thực vật, thuốc là các hóa chất cụ thể ở dạng tinh khiết. Nhiều loại thuốc hiện đại có nguồn gốc
từ các chất hóa học được tìm thấy trong thực vật. Một ví dụ là aspirin, được làm từ một chất hóa học chiết
xuất từ phần sau của cây liễu. Các loại thuốc khác là hoàn toàn tổng hợp. Ngay cả những loại thuốc có
nguồn gốc tự nhiên cũng được chế biến rất nhiều để tinh chế và cô đặc chúng
5. What is the main difference between herbs and drugs according to the passage?
A. Drugs can cause side-effects, whereas herbs do not.
B. Drugs are at least partially synthetic, whereas herbs are natural.
C. Herbs are dangerous when taken in large amounts, drugs are safer.
D. Herbs can produce a false sense of security, whereas drugs do not.
5. Sự khác biệt chính giữa các loại thảo mộc và thuốc theo đoạn văn là gì?
A. Thuốc có thể gây ra tác dụng phụ, trong khi các loại thảo mộc thì không.
B. Thuốc ít nhất là tổng hợp một phần, trong khi thảo mộc là tự nhiên.
C. Các loại thảo mộc nguy hiểm khi dùng một lượng lớn, thuốc an toàn hơn.
D. Các loại thảo mộc có thể tạo ra cảm giác an toàn giả tạo, trong khi thuốc thì không.
Clue: There are, however, disadvantages to herbal treatments, some of them are serious. Few herbal
treatments have been scientifically studied. While the active chemicals in the herb may be known, it may not
be clear what they really do, or if they are really effective at all. Because the active chemicals are not used
alone, it is very difficult to determine the proper amount for treatment, since the levels of the chemical are
not constant throughout the plant. Therefore, the risk of under- and overdose is higher than with drugs.
Tuy nhiên, có những nhược điểm đối với các phương pháp điều trị bằng thảo dược, một số trong số đó là
nghiêm trọng. Rất ít phương pháp điều trị bằng thảo dược đã được nghiên cứu một cách khoa học. Mặc dù
các hóa chất hoạt tính trong thảo mộc có thể được biết đến, nhưng có thể không rõ chúng thực sự có tác
dụng gì hoặc liệu chúng có thực sự hiệu quả hay không. Bởi vì các hóa chất hoạt tính không được sử dụng
một mình, rất khó xác định lượng thích hợp để xử lý, vì mức độ của hóa chất không cố định trong toàn bộ
nhà máy. Do đó, nguy cơ thiếu và quá liều cao hơn so với dùng thuố
6. According to the passage, when are herbs most dangerous?
A. When not taken under a doctor’s supervision.
B. When the patient refuses modern medicine.
C. When the dosage is not administered precisely.
D. When taken in combination with drugs.
6. Theo đoạn văn, khi nào các loại thảo mộc nguy hiểm nhất?
A. Khi không được thực hiện dưới sự giám sát của bác sĩ.
 B. Khi bệnh nhân từ chối y học hiện đại.
C. Khi không dùng chính xác liều lượng.
D. Khi dùng phối hợp với thuốc.
Clue: In general, herbs are most dangerous when they are taken along with common drugs
Nói chung, các loại thảo mộc nguy hiểm nhất khi chúng được dùng cùng với các loại thuốc thông thường.
7. According to the passage, who should not take ginger or garlic as herbal treatments?
A. Patients with diabetes.
B. Patients with liver damage.
C. Patients taking antidepressants.
D. Patients with problems of the heart or nervous system.
7. Theo đoạn văn, những ai không nên dùng gừng hoặc tỏi làm phương pháp điều trị bằng thảo dược?
A. Bệnh nhân đái tháo đường.
B. Bệnh nhân bị tổn thương gan.
C. Bệnh nhân đang dùng thuốc chống trầm cảm.
D. Bệnh nhân có vấn đề về tim hoặc hệ thần kinh.
Clue: Garlic and ginger are common elements in food that are also taken as herbal treatments, but they can
be dangerous for people with diabetes.
Tỏi và gừng là những nguyên tố phổ biến trong thực phẩm cũng được dùng làm phương pháp điều trị bằng
thảo dược, nhưng chúng có thể gây nguy hiểm cho những người mắc bệnh tiểu đường.
8. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Some herbal treatments are not effective in fighting disease.
B. Modern doctors often do not approve of using herbs.
C. Herbal treatments can also produce side-effects.
D. Some manufacturers add drugs to herbs.
8. Điều nào sau đây KHÔNG được đề cập trong đoạn văn?
A. Một số phương pháp điều trị bằng thảo dược không hiệu quả trong việc chống lại bệnh tật.
B. Các bác sĩ hiện đại thường không tán thành việc sử dụng các loại thảo mộc.
C. Phương pháp điều trị bằng thảo dược cũng có thể tạo ra các tác dụng phụ.
D. Một số nhà sản xuất thêm thuốc vào các loại thảo mộc.
Clue: There are even certain herbs that can cause side-effects, just like a drug. => C
A more serious problem is that certain herbal treatments may have no real medicinal effect, thus giving the
patient a false sense of security.=> A
a dishonest manufacturer adds modern drugs to an herbal treatment=> d
9. It can be inferred from the passage that.
A. The drug industry is better regulated than the herb industry.
B. People who use drugs instead of herbs recover more quickly.
C. The popularity of herbal treatments will decrease in the future.
D. The side-effects of drugs are more serious than those of herbs.
9. Có thể suy ra từ đoạn văn rằng.
A. Ngành công nghiệp sản xuất thuốc được quản lý tốt hơn ngành công nghiệp thảo mộc.
B. Những người sử dụng thuốc thay vì thảo mộc phục hồi nhanh hơn.
C. Sự phổ biến của các phương pháp điều trị bằng thảo dược sẽ giảm trong tương lai.
D. Các tác dụng phụ của thuốc nghiêm trọng hơn so với các tác dụng phụ của thảo mộc.
Clue: Finally, because production of herbal treatments is seldom regulated, harmful substances can be
present in herbal preparations. Herbs grown in polluted soil may contain lead, arsenic, or mercury. They
may also be tainted with pesticides. It is for these reasons that herbs should not be treated as the perfect
substitute for drugs.
Cuối cùng, vì việc sản xuất các phương pháp điều trị bằng thảo dược hiếm khi được kiểm soát, các chất có
hại có thể có trong các chế phẩm thảo dược. Các loại thảo mộc được trồng trên đất ô nhiễm có thể chứa chì,
asen hoặc thủy ngân. Chúng cũng có thể bị nhiễm thuốc trừ sâu. Chính vì những lý do này mà các loại thảo
mộc không nên được coi là sự thay thế hoàn hảo cho các loại thuốc.
10. Where the following sentence could be added to paragraph 5:
“Certain herbs have also been known to be harmful for people suffering from asthma.”
A. (A) B. (B) C. (C) D . (D)
Part 6.The reading passage below has six paragraphs A-F. Choose the correct heading for each
paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the correct number i-ix. (15 points)
A- iv 7. celluloid film
B- vii 8. warmth
C- i 9. equipment
D- ix 10. e-theatre
E- iii
F- vi
THE END OF THE SILVER SCREEN?

Cinema technology has remained much the same for a century, so when will it go digital? Kelvin Hilton
views the projections.

A iv. The contrasts of cinema today

Cinema is full of contradictions. It is high- tech and old- fashioned at the same time. Điện ảnh đầy rẫy những
mâu thuẫn. Nó đồng thời là công nghệ cao và cổ điển
Today’s films are full of digital sound and computer- generated special effects. Yet they are still stored on
celluloid film, the basis of which is more than 100 years old. They are also displayed with projectors and
screens that seem to belong to our great- grandparents’ generation.
=>Sự tương phản của điện ảnh ngày nay
B vii. The plans for the future of films
Now we are in the second century of cinema, there are moves to bring the medium right up to date. This will
involve revolutionizing not just how films are made but also how they are distributed and presented
Bây giờ chúng ta đang ở trong thế kỷ thứ hai của điện ảnh, có những động thái để đưa phương tiện truyền
thông cập nhật. Điều này sẽ liên quan đến việc cách mạng hóa không chỉ cách sản xuất phim mà còn cả cách
chúng được phân phối và trình bày.
. The aim is not only to produce and prepare films digitally, but to be able to send them to movie theatres by
digital, electronic means. High- resolution digital projectors would then show the film. Supporters say this
will make considerable savings at all stages of this chain, particularly for distribution.
=> Các kế hoạch cho tương lai của các bộ phim
C i. Indecision about a name
With such a major technological revolution on the horizon, it seems strange that the industry is still not sure
what to call itself
Với một cuộc cách mạng công nghệ lớn đang diễn ra như vậy, có vẻ kỳ lạ là ngành công nghiệp này vẫn
không biết nên gọi chính nó là gì.
. This may appear a minor point, but the choices, ‘digital’ cinema and ‘electronic’ cinema (e- cinema),
suggest different approaches to, and aspects of, the business. Digital cinema refers to the physical capture of
images; e-cinema covers the whole chain, from production through post- production (editing, addition of
special effects and construction of soundtrack) to distribution and projection.
 Do dự về 1 cái tên
D ix. Too true to life?
What about the effects of the new medium? The main selling point of digital cinema is the high resolution
and sharpness of the final image. But those who support the old- fashioned approach to film point to the
celluloid medium’s quality of warmth. A recurring criticism of video is that it may be too good:
uncomfortably real, rather like looking through an open window. In 1989, the director of the first full- length
American digital high-definition movie admitted that the picture had a ‘stark, strange reality to it’. Năm
1989, đạo diễn của bộ phim độ nét cao kỹ thuật số dài đầy đủ đầu tiên của Mỹ thừa nhận rằng bức ảnh có
một "thực tế rõ ràng, kỳ lạ đối với nó".
 Quá đúng với cuộc sống
E iii. Uncertainty about financial advantages
Even the money–saving aspect of e-cinema is doubted. Ngay cả khía cạnh tiết kiệm tiền của rạp chiếu phim
điện tử cũng bị nghi ngờ.
One expert says that exciting cinema will have to show the new material and not all of them will readily or
rapidly furnish themselves with the right equipment. ‘E-cinema is seen as a way of saving money, because
print costs a lot,’ he says. ‘But for that to work, cinemas have to be showing the films because cinemas are
the engine that drives the film industry.’
 Không chắc chắn về lợi thế tài chính
F vi. Integrating other events into cinema
This view has prompted some pro-digital entrepreneurs to take a slightly different approach. HD Thames is
looking at reinventing the existing cinema market, moving towards e-theatre, which would use digital video
and projection to present plays, musicals and some sporting events to the public
HD Thames đang xem xét việc tái tạo lại thị trường rạp chiếu phim hiện tại, hướng tới rạp hát điện tử, nơi sẽ
sử dụng video và chiếu kỹ thuật số để trình chiếu các vở kịch, nhạc kịch và một số sự kiện thể thao cho công
chúng.
. This is not that different from the large-screen TV system that was set up in New York in 1930 and John
Logie Baird’s experiments with TV in the late 1920s and early 30s.
=> Tích hợp các sự kiện khác vào rạp chiếu phim

Part 7
47 C. Sentence three and four, beginning with ‘Think of dopamine like gasoline’.

48 D. In the bottom part of Paragraph D Paul Salopek is mentioned being intrigued in other people’s risk
taking in the human history, how it propelled men forward to seek and explore.

49 C. In the second part of Paragraph C, beginning with ‘It works like this’ we are given a detailed example
of the brain process in question.

50 B. Last but one sentence of Paragraph B goes ‘… we don’t all have the same amount of dopamine’,
which explain different attitude towards risk-taking.

51 D. The beginning of the paragraph uses the example of driving a car to illustrate risk-taking in everyday
setting and how we get used to such risk.

52 A. The second part of this paragraph gives examples of what a risk-taker could potentially lose, such as
life or reputation.

53 C. The example of ‘risk-takers’ and ‘thrill-seekers’ explains the common confusion connected with the
reason for various types of people to take risks.

54 D. The very last sentence of the paragraph has the answer. The author judges the idea to be noble, but
taking place for a different, dopamine-related reason.

55 C. Last sentence of the paragraph gives the examples how people seek more of the same sensation,
becoming addicted to the adrenaline-dopamine reaction.

56 C. In the middle, the chemical reaction associated with adrenaline injection is described

Part 8
11,If I were him, I wouldn’t give two hoots about my reputation.
Give too hoots about something: care too much about something
12,How could I tell him if I haven’t seen hide or hair of him for months?
Hide or hair of somebody: trace of somebody
13,She sent her husband out on a wild goose chase for Bulgarian mushrooms.
A wild goose chase: a hopeless and foolish pursuit
14,I’m afraid I’m not in the right frame of mind to discuss this matter right now.
Frame of mind: someone’s mood or the particular way someone thinks or feels about something
15,Why are you monkeying around with something that isn’t broken?
Monkey around: trying to do some foolish things
 16,Must you dog my footsteps everywhere I go?
Dog somebody’s footsteps: follow somebody
17,We have fallen into arrears with our mortgage repayments.
Fall into arrears: not be up to date for regular payment.
18,Dad won’t budge an inch once he has made up his mind.
Budge an inch: change one’s decision
19,It’s time someone cut Nigel down to size – he’s so conceited.
Cut someone down to size: let someone know his or her true value
20,You must pull out all the stops to make the negotiations successful.
Pull out all the stops: to do everything you can to make something successful

TEST 10
KEY
Phần 1:
Part 1: Listen to a piece of news about the loss of rainforests and complete the summary below. WRITE NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER. (10pts)
1. commercial use 6. rising sea levels
2. 25% / a quarter of / 1/4 7. wars/disputes
3. medical compounds 8. exploitation
4. herbal remedies / medicines 9. reduce poverty
5. carbon sinks 10. alternative vegetable oils

Part 2
1. T 2. T 3. F 4.F 5. F

Part 3
1.B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B
PART 1
Since the start of 20th century, roughly half of the world's rainforests have been wiped out. And by the end
of the 21st century, rainforests may go extinct altogether. You may think it's just a few plants and animals
that'll suffer, but modern society relies on rainforests more than you might realize.
The loss of this dense biodiversity could lead to sickness, poverty, even war.
So, what would a post-rainforest look like?
Well, first it is important to understand why the rainforest is disappearing. Globally, over the last 40 years,
an area possibly the size of Europe has been cleared and repurposed for commercial use. In some cases the
land is replanted with trees that produce rubber or palm oil, in other cases it is used as grazing land for cattle,
or torn down for urban development. And if nothing is done, we may ultimately see rainforests gone
altogether, and along with them, crucial benefits.
Without rainforests, some estimate that the basis for up to a quarter of modern medicine would be lost, with
thousands of medical compounds derived from plants. For example, the rosy periwinkle, which is naturally
endemic only to Madagascar, produces two anti-tumor drugs used to fight leukemia and Hodgkin's Disease.
Chemicals synthesized as a result of this plant contribute to an estimated $160 million dollars per year and
the rainforest plant-drug market in total has been estimated at roughly $150 billion dollars.
Many poor communities rely on rainforest plants life for medicine, as prescription medication and
derivatives are completely unaffordable for large portions of the world's population.
The World Health Organization estimates that roughly 80% of Africa's population uses traditional, herbal
medicine as part of their primary health care, while in China, up to half of all medicine consumed are herbal
remedies.
Besides a medicinal outlook, the lack of vegetation could mean a rapid rise in climate change. Rainforests
are known as "carbon sinks", which means that they consume carbon dioxide, clearing it from the
atmosphere. Studies show that roughly 40% of manmade CO2 is absorbed by forests. As carbon dioxide
levels rise and rainforest acreage falls, the subsequent change in climate can contribute to severe droughts,
as well as rising sea levels.
This is a bigger problem than it may seem, as climate change plays a huge role in geopolitics. Wars over
resources are devastating, and demand for farming land continues to outstrip its supply. In 2014 in northern
Honduras, US-backed security forces were implicated in the murder and intimidation of local farmers
involved in disputes over palm oil. More than 100 people have already been killed over the disputes.
In other parts of the world, entire indigenous tribes are being killed and displaced in favor of commercial
logging and razing.
But stopping this deforestation may not end up solving the larger problem. Even when ignoring financial
gain by businesses which exploit these natural resources, many people in developing countries rely on the
exploitation to survive. For example, palm oil employs millions of farmers, and the industry plays an
important role in reducing poverty. According to one NGO on Sustainable Palm Oil, as many as 4.5 million
people in Indonesia and Malaysia work in its production. And simply switching to another method of
production could potentially be even worse for the environment. Alternative vegetable oils, like sunflower,
soybean, and rapeseed produce about 4 to 10 times less oil per acre, so to meet demand, even more land
would have to be destroyed.
We all know rainforests are vital, but their direct impacts in day-to-day health, global stability and the
condition of the world's atmosphere are regularly understated. In the end, a world without rainforests is
much more devastating than we might realize, and much harder to avoid than we might expect.

Part 2
Kathie Holmes: Good afternoon, this is Kathie Holmes in our program, “Young and Brainy”. Today I’m
going to be speaking to Ryan Patterson, a teenager whose invention may bridge the communication gap
between the deaf and those that can hear. Ryan, tell us how it all started.
Ryan Patterson: It was 2 years ago. I was waiting to be served at our local Burger King and I noticed a
group of customers using sign language to place an order. They were obviously deaf. They communicated
with a speaking interpreter and he relayed their choices to a cashier. I thought it would make things easier if
they had an electronic interpreter instead. I remembered the idea later, when I was thinking of a new project
for a science competition. I called it Sign language Translator. It consists of a glove which is lined with ten
sensors. The sensors detect the hand positions that are used to shape the alphabet of American Sign
language. Then a microprocessor transmits that information to a small portable receiver. The receiver has a
screen similar to those cell phones, and this screen displays the words, letter by letter. In this way people can
read the words, even if they don’t understand sign language, and people who use sign language can
communicate without a interpreter.
K: Are you impressed? So were judges at the 2001 Siemens Science and Technology Competition. The
project received top honors, along with $100,000 college scholarship for the young inventor. And now
Ryan’s project is already patented. Ryan, how long did you experiment with the invention before you finally
produced the prototype?
R: Around nine months. I started with searching how sign language works. Then I had to figure out how to
translate all that electronically. I’ve always had an interest in electronics. I’ve liked wiring things together
since I was 4 years old. I also had hands-on experience from my part-time job at a robotic-equipment lab.
K: Did you have problems finding appropriate materials?
R: I’m used to hunting for hardware to build competition robots, but for this project I also had to try on
many different gloves. A golf glove turned out to be the best solution. It’s soft and flexible and fits closely.
K: According to the National Institute of Deafness, one to two million people in the US are profoundly deaf.
And most of them use sign language to communicate. Will your invention make an impact?
J: There was a demonstration at our local deaf community center and the people were interested. What I
have now isn’t ready for production. I’m sure it’ll be very different by the time it’s actually manufactured.
But I do hope to see it on the market one day.

Part 3:
Presenter: These days we're all too familiar with the word allergy and phrases like 'I'm allergic to pollen or
eggs or cats•. There's a general perception too that more people have allergies than in the past. Is this
because the subject is getting more exposure in the media, or are we really becoming less resistant to
allergens? These are just some of the question s we’ll be tackling
In today's phone-in programme. In the studio with me today are Dr Mary Egerton, a family doctor, and
allergy specialist Dr Mohamed Bawadi to answer your questions. Our first caller today is Tim from
Edinburg h. Tim, what's your question?
Tim: Hi, right, well, I suffer from hay fever, you know - I'm very allergic to grass and the pollen from
certain trees - especially in the spring. The really peculiar thing is \hat my allergy didn't begin until I was in
my mid-thirties. What I want to know is, why did I start so late, and do you think my allergy could disappear
again just as suddenly or am I stuck with it now?
Presenter: Dr Egerton, would you like to answer Tim first?

Mary Egerton: Hello, Tim. Your story is a very common one. The fact is that allergies do not
discriminate - they're just as likely to affect the old as they are the young. I'm afraid they can develop at any
time of life from one day to 60 years and beyond. As to whether you're stuck with your allergy that depends.
The best way to treat any allergy is to avoid contact with whatever causes the allergic reaction. Someone
who was allergic to eggs would find it fairly easy to avoid eating anything containing eggs, whereas you
would find it impossible to avoid all contact with grass and pollen unless you lived in a desert area or high in
a mountain range.
Mohamed Bawadi: Can I just add to what Mary has said? There is now evidence from research
around the world that the most common age to develop an allergy is in your late teens, so you've not done
too badly, Tim.
Presenter: our next caller is Arabella from Amsterdam in the Netherlands. What’s your question,
Arabella?
Arabella: Hello. I'm allergic to peanuts - so of course I've got to be really careful about foods which contain
even small traces peanuts, but what I'd like to know is whether I'm likely to pass these allergies on to any
children I may have in the future.

Presenter: Thank you. Dr Bawadi?

Mohamed Bawadi : Hello, Arabella. This is an interesting question. In developed countries all children have
a twelve percent risk of developing an allergy. In your case this would rise to a twenty percent risk.
However, if the child's father also had an allergy of some kind, this risk would increase to forty percent
Arabella: So what about if the father and the mother have the same allergy?
Mohamed Bawadi: Then I'm afraid there's a seventy percent chance that the child will develop that
Presenter: Thank you, Arabella. I hope that answers your question. Just before we move on to the next
caller, can I ask you both whether we are in fact seeing a higher evidence allergies in the population than in
the past.
Mary Egerton: We most certainly are. Even though we're getting better at diagnosing and treating some
allergies, there is a year-on-year increase in the number of patients visiting their doctor with asthma and
various food allergies. Recent research has shown that in Britain and the USA, between twenty and thirty
percent of the population suffers from some kind of allergy.
Presenter: Why is this happening, Dr Bawadi?
Mohamed Bawadi: Well, it’s a complex problem. There are many theories about why more people are
affected by allergies. Certain aspects of modern living are blamed by some experts.
For example, the widespread use of air conditioning and central heating, combined with the fact that more
and more people now work in offices, is thought to have led to an increase in allergies reactions to dust and
mould. Vehicle exhaust fumes are widely regarded as being responsible for the increase in asthma in young
children. You only have to walk through the streets of a large modern city to understand the strength of that
argument.
Some experts blame our modern culture for being obsessed with cleanliness, while others believe that
vaccinations to protect our children from certain diseases may actually weaken their immune system and
make them less resistant to allergens.
Presenter: Thank you, that’s very interesting. Let's move on, we have several people waiting on the phone-
in line. Let's speak to ..

Part 1; A.
KEY
1. C 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.A
1.This is the time of the year when stores_____ their prices, so you can get good deals.
A. mark on B. mark through C. mark up D. mark down
mark up = the amount by which the price of something is increased before it is sold again
2. You shouldn’t have sent Sebastian that Valentine’s card. I think you’ve scared him_____ .
A. back B. down C. off D. through
Scare sb off= make someone so worried about doing something that they decide not to do it
3. His bad bahaviour was put……… his upbringing.
A. down to B. with C. off D. up
Put down to = think that a problem or situation is caused by a particular thing
4. In the end, the detective managed to ______ down the dangerous criminal.
A. find B. track C. get D. hit
track down someone/something=to search for someone or something, often when it is difficult to find that
person or thing
5. He is not exactly rich but he certainly earns enough to ______.
A. get through B. get by C. get on D. get in
Get by=to be able to live or deal with a situation with difficulty, usually by having just enough of something
you need, such as money
6. The robbers packed the money into a suitcase and ______ in a van that waited for them in the street.
A. put through B. rolled over C. carried away D. made off
Make off= leave quickly, usually in order to escape
7. The weather was fine, and everyone was ______ the coast.
A. going for B. making for C. joining in D. seeing about
Make for = move towards a place
8. Learning English isn’t so difficult once you ______.
A. get down to it B. get off it C. get on it D. get down with it
get down to it= start to direct your efforts and attention towards something
9. Sometimes a postman ______ some terrible handwriting and didn’t know where the letter should go.
A. ran away with B. ran up with C. ran up against D. run without
Run away with =win a competition or prize very easily//
10. Beaches were ______ as police searched for canisters of toxic waste from the damaged ship.
A. sealed off B. cut off C. washed up D. kept out
seal sth off=to prevent people from entering an area or building, often because it is dangerous

B.
1.C 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.d 9.D 10.C

1. Peter is a librarian but this job is not suitable for him because he has chances of traveling ______. He
should be a tour guide.
A. in a mind B. on the head C. on the brain D. in the heart
Have sth on the brain= ám ảnh về điều gì
2. I think people who help the old, poor, sick and homeless are ______.
A. the sugar of the sea B. the salt of an ocean
C. the salt of the earth D. the sugar of the ocean
The salt of the earth = người tốt bụng,lương thiên
3. The teacher ______ when she knew that more than ten students cheated in her test.
A. angry B. crazy C. hit the roof D. beat the desk
hit the roof = tức giận
4. We don’t want to continue our business any longer. All the goods will ______ so that we can close at the
end of this month.
A. be sold out B. be solved thoroughly C. go for a song D. go with colour
go for a song= mua cái gì với giá rẻ
5. He looked ___ at the security guard of the supermarket when this man asked him to open his bag.
A. daggers B. angry C. up to D. attentively
Lool daggers at = giận dữ nhìn ai đó
6. Don’t be angry with Sue. All that she did in good______
A. hope B. belief C. idea D. faith
In good faith = If something is done in good faith, it is done sincerely and honestly
7. I overslept this morning and caught the last bus to school by ______.
A the hair of my head B. the skin of my teeth
C. the nail of my finger D. the skin of my heels
By the skin of my teeth = suýt soát,vừa kịp giờ
8. I have to stress that the ______ is on you to bring up your own children.
A. duty B. charge C. liability D. onus
the onus is on you: bạn có trách nhiệm
9. When several companies showed interest in buying the film rights to his novel, he knew he had
__________.
A. upped the ante B. scooped the bag
C. caught the fat one D. hit the jackpot
hit the jackpot: thành công lớn
10. As a _________, politicians and other public figures should avoid making direct statements that could be
used against them.
A. show of hands B. word of mouth C. rule of thumb D. change of heart
as a rule of thumb: Theo kinh nghiệm thì

Part 2:
Line Mistake Correction Line Mistake Correction
1 Nostalgic Nostalgia 14 Convenient convenience
4 Grow Grown 17 Quantity quality
5 Sent cent 21 Their There
7 To cut Cutting/ cut 21 Sell-buy Sell-by
8 Trademan tradesman 22 In On

Part 3. Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. (1.0 pt)
SOURCE: adapted from the article “Look to history to prepare for an automated future” by Johan
Aurik, the Straitstimes, retrieved from https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/look-to-history-to-prepare-
for-an-automated-future
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. D
Disruptive technologies are now dictating our future, as new innovations increasingly (1) _______
the lines between physical, digital and biological realms. Robots are already in our operating rooms and fast-
food restaurants; we can now use 3D imaging and stem-cell (2) _______ to grow human bones from a
patient's own cells; and 3D printing is creating a circular economy in which we can use and then reuse raw
materials.
This (3) _______ of technological innovation will continue to (4) _______ change how we live and
work, and how our societies operate. In what is now called the Fourth Industrial Revolution, technologies
that are coming of age - including robotics, nanotechnology, virtual reality, 3D printing, the Internet of
Things, artificial intelligence and advanced biology - will (5) _______. And as these technologies continue
to be developed and widely adopted, they will bring about (6) _______ shifts in all disciplines, industries
and economies, and in the way that we produce, distribute, consume and dispose of goods and services.
These developments have provoked anxious questions about what role humans will play in a
technology-driven world. A 2013 University of Oxford study estimates that (7) _______ half of all jobs in
the United States could be lost to automation over the next two decades. On the other hand, economists such
as Boston University's James Bessen argue that automation often goes (8) _______ with the creation of new
jobs. So which is it - new jobs or massive structural unemployment?
At this point, we can be certain that the Fourth Industrial Revolution will have a disruptive impact on
employment, but no one can yet predict the scale of change. So, before we (9) _______ all the bad news, we
should look at history, which suggests that technological change more often affects the nature of work, (10)
_______ the opportunity to participate in work itself.
(adapted from “Look to history to prepare for an automated future” by Johan Aurik, the Straitstimes)
 1. A. gloss B. blur C. tamper D. distort
Blur the lines between : làm mờ đi ranh giới giữa
2. A. creation of B. addition to C. introduction to D. extraction to
extraction to : trích xuất,lấy từ
3. A. bore B. thunder C. tsunami D. quake
The Bore of :
4. A. similarly B. thoroughly C. appositely D. profoundly
Profoundly: in a way that has a strong effect; extremely
5. A. converge B. suppose C. disperse D. conclude
Converge: come from other places to meet in a particular place
6. A. high B. radical C. extreme D. severe
Radical: (especially of change or action) relating to or affecting the fundamental nature of something;
far-reaching or thorough.
7. A. close to B. proximity to C. near D. verge on
Close to: có mối quan hệ khăng khít và gắn bó với ai hoặc cũng có nghĩa là gần giống hoặc tương tự với
ai/cái gì.
8. A. all in all B. side by side C. hand in hand D. little by little
Go hand in hand with:liên quan chặt chẽ với
9. A. perpetual B. swallow C. expel D. regurgitate
Swallow: accept something without question or without expressing disagreement
10. A. besides B. except C. due to D. rather than

Part 4: Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in
each space. Write your answers in the space provided. (1.5 pts.)
EXPERT PROFICIENCY EXAM PRACTICE 3 – PAPER 1 PART 3: WORD FORMATION

1. set 2. served 3. long 4. rid 5. interior

6. however 7. lease 8. each 9. in 10. lies
Part 5. (20 points)
Items Correct answers Points Items Correct answers Points
1 Paragraph A 2 6 TRUE 2
viii
2 Paragraph B 2 7 FALSE 2
iii
3 Paragraph C xi 2 8 NOT GIVEN 2
4 Paragraph D 2 9 NOT GIVEN 2
i
5 Paragraph E 2 10 FALSE 2
v

Part 6. (10 points)

Items Correct answers Points Items Correct answers Points
1 B 1 6 D 1
2 A 1 7 B 1
3 B 1 8 A 1
4 D 1 9 C 1
5 B 1 10 B 1

Part 7. (10 points)

Items Correct answers Points Items Correct answers Points
1 C 1 6 C 1
2 B 1 7 A 1
3 D 1 8 B 1
4 C 1 9 B 1
5 A 1 10 D 1

Part 2. This following reading passage has nine paragraphs, A-I. (10 points)

Example: Answer:
Paragraph F vii

What have been the trends and what are the prospects for European transport systems?
A viii The rapid growth of private transport
It is difficult to conceive of vigorous economic growth without an efficient transport system. Although
modern information technologies can reduce the demand for physical transport by facilitating teleworking
and teleservices, the requirement for transport continues to increase. There are two key factors behind this
trend. For passenger transport, the determining factor is the spectacular growth in car use.( Đối với vận tải
hành khách, yếu tố quyết định là sự tăng trưởng ngoạn mục trong việc sử dụng xe hơi.) The number of cars
on European Union (EU) roads saw an increase of three million cars each year from 1990 to 2010, and in the
next decade the EU will see a further substantial increase in its fleet.
 Sự phát triển nhanh chóng của phương tiện giao thông cá nhân
B iii Changes affecting the distances goods may be transported
As far as goods transport is concerned, growth is due to a large extent to changes in the European
economy and its system of production(.Đối với vấn đề vận chuyển hàng hóa thì sự tăng trưởng là do phần
lớn những thay đổi trong nền kinh tế Châu Âu và hệ thống sản xuất của nó.) In the last 20 years, as internal
frontiers have been abolished, the EU has moved from a ”stock” economy to a ”flow” economy. This
phenomenon has been emphasised by the relocation of some industries, particularly those which are labour
intensive, to reduce production costs, even though the production site is hundreds or even thousands of
kilometres away from the final assembly plant or away from users.
 Những thay đổi ảnh hưởng đến khoảng cách hàng hóa có thể được vận chuyển
C xi Transport trends in countries awaiting EU admission
The strong economic growth expected in countries which are candidates for entry to the EU will also
increase transport flows, in particular road haulage traffic.( Sự tăng trưởng kinh tế mạnh mẽ dự kiến ở các
nước cho phép nhập cảnh vào EU cũng sẽ làm tăng lưu lượng giao thông, đặc biệt là giao thông đường
bộ.)In 1998, some of these countries already exported more than twice their 1990 volumes and imported
more than five times their 1990 volumes. And although many candidate countries inherited a transport
system which encourages rail, the distribution between modes has tipped sharply in favour of road transport
since the 1990s. Between 1990 and 1998, road haulage increased by 19,4%, while during the same period
rail haulage decreased by 43,5%, although – and this could benefit the enlarged EU – it is still on average at
a much higher level than in existing member states.
 Xu hướng giao thông ở các nước đang chờ nhập khối EU.
Di A fresh and important long-term goal
However, a new imperative-sustainable development – offers an opportunity for adapting the EU's
common transport policy. This objective, agreed by the Gothenburg European Council, has to be achieved
by integrating environmental considerations into Community policies, and shifting the balance between
modes of transport lies at the heart of its strategy. The ambitious objective can only be fully achieved by
2020, but proposed measures are nonetheless a first essential step towards a sustainable transport system
which will ideally be in place in 30 years‟ time, that is by 2040.( Mục tiêu đầy tham vọng này chỉ có thể đạt
được hoàn toàn vào năm 2020, nhưng các biện pháp đề xuất này dù sao cũng là một bước quan trọng đầu
tiên hướng tới một hệ thống giao thông bền vững mà lý tưởng là sẽ được diễn ra trong thời gian 30 năm vào
năm 2040.)
 Một mục tiêu dài hạn trong sạch và quan trọng.
E v The environmental costs of road transport
In 1998, energy consumption in the transport sector was to blame for 28% of emissions of CO2，the
leading greenhouse gas.( Năm 1998, tiêu thụ năng lượng trong ngành giao thông bị cho là nguyên nhân của
28% lượng khí thải CO2, loại khí hàng đầu trong nhà kính.)According to the latest estimates, if nothing is
done to reverse the traffic growth trend, CO2 emissions from transport can be expected to increase by
around 50% to 1,113 billion tonnes by 2020，compared with the 739 billion tonnes recorded in 1990. Once
again, road transport is the main culprit since it alone accounts for 84% of the CO2 emissions attributable to
transport. Using alternative fuels and improving energy efficiency is thus both an ecological necessity and a
technological challenge.
 Các chi phí môi trường của vận tải đường bộ.
F
At the same time greater efforts must be made to achieve a modal shift. Such a change cannot be
achieved overnight, all the less so after over half a century of constant deterioration in favour of road. This
has reached such a pitch that today rail freight services are facing marginalisation, with just 8% of market
share, and with international goods trains struggling along at an average speed of 18km/h. Three possible
options have emerged.
G
The first approach would consist of focusing on road transport solely through pricing. This option
would not be accompanied by complementary measures in the other modes of transport. In the short term it
might curb the growth in road transport through the better loading ratio of goods vehicles and occupancy
rates of passenger vehicles expected as a result of the increase in the price of transport. However, the lack of
measures available to revitalise other modes of transport would make it impossible for more sustainable
modes of transport to take up the baton.
H
The second approach also concentrates on road transport pricing but is accompanied by measures to
increase the efficiency of the other modes (better quality of services, logistics, technology). However, this
approach does not include investment in new infrastructure, nor does it guarantee better regional cohesion. It
could help to achieve greater uncoupling than the first approach, but road transport would keep the lion’s
share of the market and continue to concentrate on saturated arteries, despite being the most polluting of the
modes. It is therefore not enough to guarantee the necessary shift of the balance.
I
The third approach, which is not new, comprises a series of measures ranging from pricing to
revitalising alternative modes of transport and targeting investment in the trans-European network. This
integrated approach would allow the market shares of the other modes to return to their 1998 levels and thus
make a shift of balance. It is far more ambitious than it looks, bearing in mind the historical imbalance in
favour of roads for the last fifty years, but would achieve a marked break in the link between road transport
growth and economic growth, without placing restrictions on the mobility of people and goods.
6. _______ The need for transport is growing, despite technological developments.T
Clue: Although modern information technologies can reduce the demand for physical transport by
facilitating teleworking and teleservices, the requirement for transport continues to increase
7. _______To reduce production costs, some industries have been moved closer to their relevant
consumers.F
ClueThis phenomenon has been emphasised by the relocation of some industries, particularly those which
are labour intensive, to reduce production costs, even though the production site is hundreds or even
thousands of kilometres away from the final assembly plant or away from users.
8. _______ Cars are prohibitively expensive in some EU candidate countries.NG
9. _______ The Gothenburg European Council was set up 30 years ago.NG
10. _______ By the end of this decade, CO2 emissions from transport are predicted to reach 739 billion
tonnes.F
Clue: O2 emissions from transport can be expected to increase by around 50% to 1,113 billion tonnes by
2020，compared with the 739 billion tonnes recorded in 1990
(IELTS 10- Test 2 – Reading Passage 2, p 22)

Part 3. Read the following passage extracted from www.asiatravel.com and select the best answer to
each question below. (10 points)
Culture Shock is not something that people generally get on a holiday but as soon as your boss calls
you into the office and says "Hi John, we value you so much we want you to head our Hong Kong
operations!" you really need to start thinking about the implications and how you are going to avoid this
condition. It is not so much as a life threatening disease, but it can lead to some very serious problems if you
do not take a few precautions.
Culture shock is definitely a serious condition that needs to be watched, and checked upon. I
personally have suffered from it on numerous occasions and sleep deprivation, mood swings, and depression
are all in there.
 Travelling to a new destination with unusual habits and traditions can be a
very traumatic experience. A little research before you leave will help tremendously but the most important
thing is to actually leave with an open mind. A lot of people fly off without any research and expect things
to be done in exactly the same way and at the same speed as they were at home. Well this just isn't going to
happen. And it is very important to try to understand the culture religion and people of the country that you
are travelling to.
The culture shock selection of books are a very good starting place, but one that you will not really
understand fully until you are actually in the country mingling with the locals. One interesting point of this
can be found in the book Culture Shock Thailand. Thai people are among the nicest people in the world but
it is a very different world from, let's say, the UK. The book explains a good deal about Thai culture and
traditions and it explains how Thais smile their way out of an embarrassing situation and look down on those
that don't. The book then puts this into a couple of different examples to try to ensure that the reader
understands. One such example is that if you are walking down the street and someone throws dirty water
over you from a doorway, you should smile at the person that did this, showing your forgiveness. This
should help clear the air and the person will most likely go out of their way to help you clean up. Imagine
this happening in London! Thais shy away from confrontation, and this is one of the many aspects that make
them such a happy and kind nation.
If as an expatriate you are moving to a country with severe Culture Shock such as perhaps Cambodia,
or Vietnam, then even more research would be needed. Nowadays you can possibly do a lot more research
than ever with the growth of the internet. You can see pictures of pretty much every destination in the world
and even read restaurant, hotel and bar reviews without having even left your office. It is also advisable to
stay away from a lot of the other expats especially before you leave and while after you arrive in the
destination. A lot of expats can be very negative about a country, even though they continue to stay there
and this is not something that you need when you have just travelled half way around the world. Instead,
leave with an open mind and make your own judgments about the place after you have started to understand
it a little.
One of the biggest causes, though, of Culture Shock is language. It will make an enormous amount
of difference to you if you learn a little or as much as possible of the local language before you leave. Take
up classes and practice it as much as you can; if you are studying Thai, eat out at Thai restaurants and try to
practice your Thai. This small step will make your life a lot simpler and will also give you immediate
respect when you arrive in the foreign country, not to mention open many new doors. If you show an interest
in the other person’s language and culture they will show an interest in you.
If you are being relocated by your company, try to find out a little about the living conditions in that
country and the package that the company offers you. Will they supply you with hotel accommodation or
will you be straight into an apartment or house? Are you given a housing allowance and allowed to choose
the accommodation yourself? Will the company pay the deposits that the landlord requires? Will you have
maids? What about a car? How many return trips will you have a year to your home country? Will they be in
economy or business class? What about your family rights - the wife - the husband - the children? How long
is the posting for? Will the company pay for repatriation due to illness, or unemployment? Do they have
limits to the amount of furniture that you can send over but most importantly bring back? Will they cover
these charges? Do they have any restrictions as to how you send these things? Do they offer you insurance
that is suitable for the country that you are travelling to?
When you arrive it is important to fit in, get a feel for the place, the smells and the sounds. I would
suggest just walking for a day or two experiencing the mystique of the new land you have just discovered.
After a while when you are feeling a little more at home join a club, and make friends socially outside of
your regular work patterns, and try to meet and befriend as many locals a you can, so that you will really get
a deeper understanding of where you and most probably appreciate the differences in culture a lot more.
Culture Shock basically comes from a lack of understanding and built up anxiety, and can be caused
by the most minute things, building up. One time in Hong Kong a colleague seemed to be literally screaming
at the waitress in Cantonese, I was very anxious and asked what was wrong, my colleague looked very
confused as to why I was asking the question and she simply replied that she was ordering some water!
All in all every expat has had his or her bad days, and there are times you just want to get on a plane
and fly back, however these days are minimal compared to the fun, and amazing discoveries that you will
make. Once you are bitten by the spirit and feeling of adventure you are about to embark on, you will have
more difficulty believe it or not, returning "home" than you imagined especially the longer you stay
away.
1. What is the main idea of the reading passage?
A. Travelling abroad has some specific negative effects on your feelings due to culture shock.
B. It is believed that every expat is certain to encounter culture shock during the overseas trip.
C. There are always some things one can do to get over anger and confusion when traveling abroad.
D. There is no point in worrying about culture shock in other countries since it is not as serious as
people thought.
1. Ý chính của đoạn văn đọc là gì?
A. Đi du lịch nước ngoài có một số tác động tiêu cực cụ thể đến cảm xúc của bạn do sốc văn hóa.
B. Người ta tin rằng mọi người nước ngoài đều chắc chắn gặp phải cú sốc văn hóa trong chuyến du lịch
nước ngoài.
C. Luôn có một số điều người ta có thể làm để vượt qua sự tức giận và bối rối khi đi du lịch nước ngoài.
D. Không có gì đáng lo ngại về cú sốc văn hóa ở các nước khác vì nó không nghiêm trọng như mọi người
vẫn nghĩ.
2. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _____.
A. people’s expectation that the destination country will bear the similarity to their home one is
useless
B. Most of the countries have unusual habits as one characteristic to help building up culture shock.
C. More research should be carried out before the trip so as to avoid understanding unusual habits in
a new country.
D. People should be open-minded since what they are going to experience will not have much
difference to that in their country.
2. Nó có thể được suy ra từ đoạn thứ ba rằng _____.
A. kỳ vọng của mọi người rằng quốc gia đến sẽ giống với quốc gia của họ là vô ích
B. Hầu hết các quốc gia đều có những thói quen khác thường như một đặc điểm giúp xây dựng nên cú sốc
văn hóa.
C. Nên nghiên cứu thêm trước chuyến đi để tránh hiểu những thói quen bất thường ở một đất nước mới.
D. Mọi người nên cởi mở vì những gì họ sẽ trải nghiệm sẽ không có nhiều khác biệt với những gì ở đất nước
của họ.
Clue: A lot of people fly off without any research and expect things to be done in exactly the same way
and at the same speed as they were at home. Well this just isn't going to happen. And it is very
important to try to understand the culture religion and people of the country that you are travelling
to.( Một chút nghiên cứu trước khi bạn rời đi sẽ giúp ích rất nhiều nhưng điều quan trọng nhất là bạn
phải thực sự rời đi với một tâm hồn cởi mở. Rất nhiều người bay đi mà không có bất kỳ nghiên cứu
nào và mong đợi mọi thứ được thực hiện theo cùng một cách và cùng tốc độ như ở nhà. Điều này sẽ
không xảy ra. Và điều rất quan trọng là bạn phải cố gắng hiểu được văn hóa tôn giáo và con người
của đất nước mà bạn đang đi du lịch.)
3. Which of the following can best replace the word “traumatic” in the third paragraph?
A. fantastic B. upsetting C. unavoidable D. resembling
Traumatic=upsetting
4. According to the passage, what should people do when Thais cause some annoyance to them?
A. Buy a book called Culture Shock Thailand to learn more about the trouble.
B. Try to talk to them about the problem in order to clear the air.
C. Clean up yourself and continue to walk down the street so as not to have any trouble with them.
D. Give them a smile and be tolerant of the situation.
Clue: One such example is that if you are walking down the street and someone throws dirty water
over you from a doorway, you should smile at the person that did this, showing your forgiveness(Một
ví dụ như vậy là nếu bạn đang đi bộ xuống phố và ai đó ném nước bẩn lên người từ ngưỡng cửa, bạn
nên mỉm cười với người đã làm điều này, thể hiện sự tha thứ của bạn)
5. What does the writer advise people to do when they arrive in a new country?
A. People should arrange a short trip a few days earlier in order to get accustomed to restaurants,
hotels and bars in the new place.
B. It’s best not to talk to people who arrived there since they may give irrelevant and negative
comments.
C. People should make their own judgements right before the trip.
 D. People should understand the new place a little by staying away from expats because of their
negative points.
Clue: A lot of expats can be very negative about a country, even though they continue to stay there
and this is not something that you need when you have just travelled half way around the world .( Rất
nhiều người nước ngoài có thể rất tiêu cực về một quốc gia, mặc dù họ vẫn tiếp tục ở lại đó và đây
không phải là thứ bạn cần khi bạn vừa mới đi được nửa vòng trái đất.)
6. What does the word “it” in the sixth paragraph refer to?
A. culture shock B. difference C. classes D. language
7. It can be inferred from the seventh paragraph that ______.
A. Shelters should be first considered when people have plans to travel to a country.
B. Being aware of the situation in which you live and other services is essential for people’s abroad
relocation.
C. As soon as people are relocated by their company, they should ask themselves some necessary
questions in order to prepare for culture shock.
D. People should look down on the offers from the company for the relocation since all questions
have already been dealt with.
Clue: try to find out a little about the living conditions in that country and the package that the
company offers you.( hãy cố gắng tìm hiểu một chút về điều kiện sống ở quốc gia đó và gói dịch vụ mà
công ty cung cấp cho bạn)
8. Which of the following phrases can best replace the word “fit in” in the eighth paragraph?
A. become involved B. feel the similarity \
C. control feelings D. see the point

9. What can be inferred from the writer’s experience in the restaurant with his colleague during the trip in
Hong Kong?
A. He felt very annoyed about his colleague.
B. The waitress in the restaurant was shocked at her colleague’s screaming.
C. A lack of understanding is a cause to culture shock.
D. His anxiety was built up during the trip.
Clue: Culture Shock basically comes from a lack of understanding and built up anxiety, and can be
caused by the most minute things, building up(Cú sốc văn hóa về cơ bản xuất phát từ sự thiếu hiểu
biết và tích tụ sự lo lắng, và có thể do những điều nhỏ nhặt nhất gây ra.)
10. In the last paragraph, what does the writer mean by saying “you will have more difficulty believe it or
not, returning "home" than you imagined especially the longer you stay away”?
A. Once people underwent culture shock, they would find it hard to leave the destination country due
to its extreme annoyance.
B. People would like to stay longer to understand more about the culture shock since they think it is
more interesting than annoying.
C. Culture shock is inevitable and may cause people to want to return home since the longer people
stay the more trouble they have.
D. The difficulty in returning home will make people stay longer in the destination country than you
expected.
Clue: All in all every expat has had his or her bad days, and there are times you just want to get on a plane
and fly back, however these days are minimal compared to the fun, and amazing discoveries that you will
make(Nói chung, mọi người nước ngoài đều đã có những ngày tồi tệ, và có những lúc bạn chỉ muốn lên máy
bay và bay về, tuy nhiên những ngày này là rất ít so với niềm vui và những khám phá tuyệt vời mà bạn sẽ
thực hiện.)

Part 5. The article is about people who stayed in tree houses. Choose from the people (A- D) to answer
the questions. The people may be chosen more than once. (10 points)
Which person Question Answer
says they probably would not stay in a tree house again? 1
was sometimes keen to get back to the tree house? 2
was glad there was protection from insects? 3
enjoyed the view from the tree house? 4
did not have to walk up to the house? 5
took part in water sports? 6
liked the fact that local people benefit from the tree houses? 7
immediately accepted an unexpected offer? 8
spent a lot of time walking? 9
was pleasantly surprised by the local food? 10

Holidays in a tree house

A Primary-school teacher Anisha Kapoor went to the Green Magic Nature Resort in
Kerala, south-west India. “It wasn’t my first experience of tree house living,” she says,
“but it was certainly the best. I was pleased to see that in a region where there aren’t
many jobs, the houses are entirely built and maintained by workers from the area, using
traditional techniques and local materials. For instance, the lifts up to the front doors are
made of cane grown in nearby fields. They work fine, by the way, and I was glad there
was no stairs to climb – the houses are 25 metres up(tôi rất vui vì không có cầu thang để
leo - những ngôi nhà cao 25 mét) Q5! That’s good, though, because at the height there’s
often a cool breeze blowing through the branches. For power there’s solar energy and the
taps in the kitchen and bathroom are supplied by pollution-free natural springs in the
nearby hills. There’s even a pretty good shower.( Tuy nhiên, điều đó là tốt, vì ở độ cao
thường có gió mát thổi qua các cành cây. Để cung cấp năng lượng, có năng lượng mặt
trời và các vòi trong nhà bếp và phòng tắm được cung cấp bởi các suối tự nhiên không ô
nhiễm ở những ngọn đồi gần đó. Thậm chí còn có một vòi hoa sen khá tốt.) Q7

B Ever since TV researcher Whitney Martin worked on a programme about tree houses,
she’d dreamt about staying in one.( Kể từ khi nhà nghiên cứu truyền hình Whitney
Martin làm việc cho một chương trình về những ngôi nhà trên cây, cô ấy đã mơ ước
được ở trong một ngôi nhà.) Q2So when her neighbours happened to mention they had
just such a place in Alaska, and asked whether she’d like to spend a fortnight there in
July, she said “yes” without a moment’s hesitation(.Vì vậy, khi những người hàng xóm
của cô ấy tình cờ nói rằng họ vừa có một địa điểm như vậy ở Alaska và hỏi liệu cô ấy có
muốn dành một hai tuần ở đó vào tháng Bảy hay không, cô ấy đã nói “có” ngay lập tức)
Q8 “I couldn’t believe it when I saw it,” she says, “it had everything: even hot running
water and cable TV. Though I rarely watched that because I was out most of the time.
Just a few steps from the house there were trails that seemed to go on forever through the
forests to some really fantastic rivers and lakes. And of course that far north the days are
really long summer, so I could keep going until very late.( Chỉ cách ngôi nhà vài bước
chân, có những con đường mòn dường như đi qua các khu rừng đến một số sông và hồ
thực sự tuyệt vời. Và tất nhiên, những ngày ở xa về phía bắc đó là mùa hè dài, vì vậy tôi
có thể tiếp tục đi cho đến rất muộn. ) Q9 I hardly ever felt cold, though, and on those
occasions when I did, I had a nice warm place of my own to look forward to. The only
disadvantage of being there at that time of the year was the huge number of mosquitoes. I
must have been bitten a hundred times.”

C Australian technician Richie O’Hara was a guest at the Hinchinbrook Island Wilderness
Lodge, on an island off the north coast of tropical Queensland. “The wooden tree house
was quite comfortable,” he says, “and they had all the advertised facilities such as
running water and a fridge. Actually, I hadn’t fully read the brochure, so when I arrived,
I was surprised to find an internet connection in the house and I wished I’d brought my
computer with me. Still, I found plenty of healthy things to do, like canoeing and
diving(,Tuy nhiên, tôi vẫn tìm thấy rất nhiều việc lành mạnh để làm, như chèo thuyền và
lặn biển) Q6 and in the evening I could sit in the living room looking out above the
rainforest to the Pacific beyond Q 4. That was great. After a week or so, though, I was a
little tired of the climb to and from the house, so I doubt whether I’d repeat the tree-top
experience. Q1 But I’m sure kids would love it – it’s just a pity I didn’t go there when I
was about ten!”

D Medical student Kirsty Hammond spent a week in Tanzania’s Lake Manyara National
 Park, at the Lake Manyara Tree Lodge. “As we approach it,” she says, “we glimpsed the
buildings up among the branches, with the Great Rift Valley in the background. It was a
wonderful sight. The houses were comfortable, too, with running water, a well-equipped
bathroom and, fortunately, large mosquito nets above the beds – I’m very aware of the
dangers if they bite you(.may mắn là có màn chống muỗi lớn phía trên giường - Tôi rất
biết về sự nguy hiểm nếu chúng cắn bạn.) Q3 I also liked the fact that almost everything
was above ground, even the restaurant. To be honest, I’d had my doubts about some of
the traditional meals I’d seen people eating, but once I tasted them, I realized how good
they were Q10. The only problem there was the high night-time temperature: although
my bedroom had an overhead fan, I didn’t sleep very well. But generally I had a great
time. There’s some fantastic wildlife around, including tree-climbing lions – though
perhaps luckily I didn’t actually see any of those.”

Part 8:
1,At last, we were given the go-ahead to carry out the environmental project
given the go-ahead:cho phép ai bắt đầu làm gì

2,He came under the suspicion of having done away with his dog
under the suspicion of: bị nghi ngờ làm điều gì sai trái

3,His short hair made him a laughing stock

laughing stock : someone or something that seems stupid or silly, especially by trying to be serious or
important and not succeeding

4,The instant the fund petered out, our scheme had to be abandoned
Peter out: Mất năng lượng, giảm, ngừng

5,The coast bore the brunt of the thunderstorm last week

Bear the brunt of : chịu đựng đc gian khổ,khó khăn

6, Jack tried in vain to win the 1 st prize in the National English competition last year
Try in vain to do sth : phí công ,vô ích làm gì

7,The english owed the introduction of potatoes and tobaccos to Walter Raleigh

8,There being no more comment, this plan will be shelved until next...

9,Being told about the joke,both the girls doubled up with laughter

10,Littile revision notwithstanding, he still acquitted himeself well in the end ......
acquaint sb/yourself with sth: make someone or yourself familiar with something

Test 11
Phần 1:
SECTION 1
 Questions 6-10: You will hear an interview with Pamela Green, a young fashion designer.
For questions 6 - 10, choose the best answer (A, B or C).
6. What helped Pamela to decide to become a fashion designer?
A. working as an assistant in a fashion shop
B. doing research into the fashion industry
C. attending a course on fashion design
7. What does Pamela say about having a degree in fashion?
A. It's essential for promotion.
B. It's evidence of your ability.
C. It guarantees you a better income.
8. Pamela says that when starting your own fashion label, it's most important to…
A. enjoy the creative process.
B. contact shops that might sell it.
C. have a business plan.
9. According to Pamela, successful designers need to be able to…
A. predict future fashions.
B. recognise all past styles.
C. get their designs published.
10. What advice does Pamela have for people who want a career in fashion?
A. Be aware of the options available.
B. Don't be afraid of sudden fame.
C. Learn from your own errors.
Your answers:
6. 7. 8.
9. 10.

SECTION 2
Questions 11 - 15: You will hear a man called Steve and a woman called Caroline talking about
summer jobs. Decide if each sentence is correct or incorrect. If it is correct, put a tick ( ) in Yes column.
If it is not correct, put a tick () in No column.
YES NO
11. Steve hasn’t arranged any work for the summer yet.
12. Caroline’s work will allow her to have free time during the day.
13. Caroline’s work will be located in a city.
14. Caroline found out about the job from the internet.
15. Caroline says that work at music festivals is badly paid.

SECTION 3
Questions 16 - 25: You are going to hear somebody giving their opinion about media and its
influence on society. For questions 16-25, complete the sentences with NO MORE THAN THREE
WORDS.
The three form of media are TV, radio and (16) ______________. Politicians use the media during
political (17) ____________________ . Entertainers use it to stay in the (18) ____________________. The
percentage of people who did not have a particular point of view about the privacy of celebrities was
(19)__________________. The most influential form of media is (20)______________________ . We can
be deceived by TV when we are shown carefully selected (21) ____________________. Some TV stations
turn true events into (22)____________________. A newspaper had to pay (23) ____________________
for printing lies about a pop singer. Sometimes a paper can avoid being sued if it makes a public (24)
____________________. There are two kinds of newspaper; the “quality” papers and the (25)
_________________________ .
Your answers:
16. ……………… 17. ……………… 18. ……………… 19. ………………
20. ……………… 21. ……………… 22. ……………… 23. ………………
24. ……………… 25. ………………

Phần 2
Part 1:A.PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
1. If a child knows that he can never .............. a bad behavior, then he is less likely to do it.
A. make out B. put through C. keep up D. get away with
2. My mother always told me that I should .............. the things I believe in, regardless of how others
perceive them.
A. stand up for B. get on with C. put up with D. come up to
3. The doctor told him to keep .............. sweets and chocolate to lose weight.
A. up B. at C. off D. back
4. Some of our volunteers would .............. for teachers in the event of a strike.
A. act up B. fill in C. fit in D. work out
5. She got a bit hot .............. the collar when a colleague started criticizing her work.
A. under B. on C. beyond D. from
6. She bought .............. the deal even though nobody thought she was capable of doing it.
A. in B. down C. out D. off
7. Let’s find a place where we can .............. the storm.
A. wait out B. wear off C. shrug off D. pull through
8. The boss was away, so his assistant had to .............. him and make a speech.
A. make off with B. do away with C. stand in for D. take up on
9. Beaches were .............. as police searched for canisters for toxic waste from the damaged ship.
A. sealed off B. cut off C. washed up D. kept out
10. I thought she was being serious, but she was only having me .............. .
A. up B. on C. over D. round

B. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
1. It ..............that the best way to learn to speak a foreign language is to practice using it.
A. stands in relation B. is a wake-up call
C. stands to reason D. agrees to differ
2. Police are warning the public to be on the .............. for suspicious packages.
A. care B. alert C. guard D. alarm
3. Vietnam’s Got Talent is the game show that has taken audiences ..............
A. by heart B. by night C. by wind D. by storm
4. Clinics will be subject to a new .............. of conduct and stronger controls by local authorities.
A. ground B. system C. code D. set
5. My mother .............. when she found out that I’d forgotten to do the washing-up again.
A. made my blood boil B. felt off color
C. hit the ceiling D. stood her ground
6. You shouldn’t .............. other people’s problems, even if you don’t consider them to be very serious.
A. shed light upon B. come to light
C. make light of D. see the light
7. A journalist is .............. on a politician in order to damage his image.
A. digging it out B. digging up out of the earth
C. digging up dirt D. digging his own grave
8. We were having dinner in a restaurant last night when this guy at the next table .............. because the
waiter brought the wrong thing.
A. flew into the face of danger B. flew off the handle
C. flew by the seat of his pants D. flushed out of some place
9. Losing my job was ............... I never would have found this one if it hadn’t happened.
A. a bone to pick with B. a breath of fresh air
C. a bleeding heart D. a blessing in disguise
10. The inquiry is by no means ............... .
A. chop and change B. cut and dried
C. head and shoulders D. tooth and nail
Part 2:
Read the passage below which contains 10 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and write the corrections in
the corresponding numbered boxes. There is an example at the beginning. (10 points)
LINE A MODERN-DAY PROBLEM
In the hustle and bustle of today’s hectic world, all of us, without exception, has to contend
1 with some level of stress. Obviously, the source and amount of stress are relatively to the
2 individual. Just as causes and quantities of stress are subject to personal factors, so is the way in
3 that a person deals with them. It is a well-known fact that some people flourish when faced with a
4 potentially stress-causing task or situation. On another hand, the majority of people are adversely
5 affected when confront with a serious dilemma. Abnormal levels of stress can be a serious healthy
6 hazard and may prove detrimental to one’s physical health. Stress is said to be the culprit in a high
7 percent of heart problems and stomach disorders. Even certain types of cancer are, reportedly,
8 linked to stress. Knowing that stress is a modern-day malady which we all, in a greater or lesser
9 extent, suffer from, has prompted many people to begin looking seriously at ways of controlling
10 stress. Due to the inevitable factor that stress will always play a part in our lives, it is of paramount
11 important that strategies of stress management be found.
12
13 Your answers:
14 Line Mistake Correction
15 0. 2 has have
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Part 3: Part 1 :Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap.
Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes. (10 points)
Responding to children’s mistakes
Promoting children’s self-esteem seems to be one of the aims of modern childcare and education. It
goes hand in hand with a culture in which children are (1) _______ praised for the most minor
achievements. While this promotion of self-esteem is, rightly, a reaction against sterner times when children
weren’t praised enough, it also seems to be (2) _______ by a fear of how failure will affect children: a fear
that if they don’t succeed at a task, they will somehow be damaged.
However, the opposite may well be true. Many scientists spend years experiencing (3) _______ failure
in the lab until they make a (4) _______. They know that (5) _______ this process advances scientific
knowledge. In the same way, children need to experience failure to learn and grow. If children have been
praised for everything they’ve done, (6) _______ how good it is, then failure in adult life will be all the more
painful.
Life is full of (7) _______ and there is no point in trying to protect children from the disappointments
that (8) _______ them. Parents and educators shouldn’t be afraid of (9) _______ children’s mistakes, as long
as they also praise them when they do well. After all, the heroes children try to emulate, the pop stars and
footballers, have all reached the top in the face of ruthless competition. Like them, children need to learn
how to cope with failure and (10) _______ it to their advantage.
1. A. immensely B. enthusiastically C. thoroughly D. devotedly
2. A. developed B. evolved C. caused D. originated
3. A. concurrent B. consequent C. consecutive D. continual
4. A. success B. breakthrough C. progress D. breakout
5. A. ultimately B. lastly C. conclusively D. latterly
6. A. according to B. regardless of C. consistent with D. depending on
7. A. faults B. checks C. delays D. setbacks
8. A. expect B. anticipate C. await D. approach
9. A. getting round to B. looking down on C. giving way to D. picking up on
10. A. move B. turn C. make D. take
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 2: Read the following text and fill in the blank with ONE suitable word. Write your answers in
corresponding numbered boxes. (10 points)
THE GALAPAGOS
Visitors to the Galapagos Islands could be forgiven for asking all the fuss is (1) _________. Disasters
workers and ecologists (2) _________ outnumber tourists, but there are few visible signs of a disaster. A
wrecked oil tanker, stranded on rocks a mile away, is a blot on the tropical landscape. Simply keeping
catastrophe at (3)_________ was never to satisfy an environmental group that wants the Galapagos Islands
to remain as they were when Darwin visited in 1839, especially since most of the credit for the narrow
escape is thanks to the winds and currents that carried the spill (4) _________ to the sea.
About a third of the island’s 600 or more native plant species are found only there. (5)_________ the
57 species of reptiles, land birds and mammals, more than 80 percent are found nowhere else. Among these
is the world’s largest marine lizard, the only species of penguin found in the tropics, a cormorant that has
lived so long without predators that it has lost the (6)_________ to fly, and many rare species of tortoise. All
are uniquely vulnerable, hence the unique concern.
The Galapagos Islands were (7)_________ a national park in 1959, and developed an apparently model
ecotourism industry- groups are sent (8) _________ hopping to designated sites and always with a guide.
The local conservationists appeared confident at the helm, and the international environmental groups are
pleased to have one (9) _________ place to worry about- until the rusting ship ran (10) _________, and
leaked its cargo of oil.
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 5: Read the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions. (15 pts)
RUNNING WATER ON MARS
Photographic evidence suggests that liquid water once existed in great quantity on the surface of Mars. Two
types of flow features are seen: runoff channels and outflow channels. Runoff channels are found in the
southern highlands. These flow features are extensive systems - sometimes hundreds of kilometers in total
length - of interconnecting, twisting channels that seem to merge into larger, wider channels. They bear a
strong resemblance to river systems on Earth, and geologists think that they are dried-up beds of long-gone
rivers that once carried rainfall on Mars from the mountains down into the valleys. Runoff channels on Mars
speak of a time 4 billion years ago (the age of the Martian highlands), when the atmosphere was thicker, the
surface warmer, and liquid water widespread.
Outflow channels are probably relics of catastrophic flooding on Mars long ago. They appear only in
equatorial regions and generally do not form extensive interconnected networks. Instead, they are probably
the paths taken by huge volumes of water draining from the southern highlands into the northern plains. The
onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped “islands”
(resembling the miniature versions seen in the wet sand of our beaches at low tide) that have been found on
the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels. Judging from the width and depth of the channels, the
flow rates must have been truly enormous - perhaps as much as a hundred times greater than the 105 tons
per second carried by the great Amazon river. Flooding shaped the outflow channels approximately 3 billion
years ago, about the same time as the northern volcanic plains formed.
Some scientists speculate that Mars may have enjoyed an extended early period during which rivers, lakes,
and perhaps even oceans adorned its surface. A 2003 Mars Global Surveyor image shows what mission
specialists think may be a delta - a fan-shaped network of channels and sediments where a river once flowed
into a larger body of water, in this case a lake filling a crater in the southern highlands. Other researchers go
even further, suggesting that the data provide evidence for large open expanses of water on the early Martian
surface. A computer-generated view of the Martian north polar region shows the extent of what may have
been an ancient ocean covering much of the northern lowlands. The Hellas Basin, which measures some
3,000 kilometers across and has a floor that lies nearly 9 kilometers below the basin’s rim, is another
candidate for an ancient Martian sea.
These ideas remain controversial. Proponents point to features such as the terraced “beaches” shown in one
image, which could conceivably have been left behind as a lake or ocean evaporated and the shoreline
receded. But detractors maintain that the terraces could also have been created by geological activity,
perhaps related to the geologic forces that depressed the Northern Hemisphere far below the level of
the south, in which case they have nothing whatever to do with Martian water. Furthermore, Mars
Global Surveyor data released in 2003 seem to indicate that the Martian surface contains too few carbonate
rock layers - layers containing compounds of carbon and oxygen - that should have been formed in
abundance in an ancient ocean. Their absence supports the picture of a cold, dry Mars that never experienced
the extended mild period required to form lakes and oceans. However, more recent data imply that at least
some parts of the planet did in fact experience long periods in the past during which liquid water existed on
the surface.
Aside from some small-scale gullies (channels) found since 2000, which are inconclusive, astronomers have
no direct evidence for liquid water anywhere on the surface of Mars today, and the amount of water vapor in
the Martian atmosphere is tiny. Yet even setting aside the unproven hints of ancient oceans, the extent of the
outflow channels suggests that a huge total volume of water existed on Mars in the past. Where did all the
water go? The answer may be that virtually all the water on Mars is now locked in the permafrost layer
under the surface, with more contained in the planet’s polar caps.

1. The word “merge” in the passage is closest in meaning to …………… .

(A) expand (B) separate (C) straighten out (D) combine
2. What does the discussion in paragraph 1 of runoff channels in the southern highlands suggest about Mars?
(A) The atmosphere of Mars was once thinner than it is today.
(B) Large amounts of rain once fell on parts of Mars.
(C) The river systems of Mars were once more extensive than Earth’s.
(D) The rivers of Mars began to dry up about 4 billion years ago.
3. The word “relics” in the passage is closest in meaning to …………… .
(A) remains (B) sites (C) requirements (D) sources
4. In paragraph 2, why does the author include the information that 105 tons of water flow through the
Amazon River per second?
(A) To emphasize the great size of the volume of water that seems to have flowed through
Mars’outflow channels.
(B) To indicate data used by scientists to estimate how long ago Mars’ outflow channels were
formed.
(C) To argue that flash floods on Mars may have been powerful enough to cause tear-shaped
“islands” to form.
(D) To argue that the force of flood waters on Mars was powerful enough to shape the northern
volcanic plains.
5. According to paragraph 2, all of the following are true of the outflow channels on Mars EXCEPT:
(A) They formed at around the same time that volcanic activity was occurring on the northern plains.
(B) They are found only on certain parts of the Martian surface.
(C) They sometimes empty onto what appear to have once been the wet sands of tidal beaches.
(D) They are thought to have carried water northward from the equatorial regions.
6. All of the following questions about geological features on Mars are answered in paragraph 3 EXCEPT:
(A) What are some regions of Mars that may have once been covered with an ocean?
(B) Where do mission scientists believe that the river forming the delta emptied?
(C) Approximately how many craters on Mars do mission scientists believe may once have been
lakes filled with water?
(D) During what period of Mars’ history do some scientists think it may have had large bodies of
water?
7. According to paragraph 3, images of Mars’ surface have been interpreted as support for the idea that
(A) a large part of the northern lowlands may once have been under water.
(B) the polar regions of Mars were once more extensive than they are now.
(C) deltas were once a common feature of the Martian landscape.
(D) the shape of the Hellas Basin has changed considerably over time.
8. What can be inferred from paragraph 3 about liquid water on Mars?
 (A) If ancient oceans ever existed on Mars’ surface, it is likely that the water in them has evaporated
by now.
(B) If there is any liquid water at all on Mars’ surface today, its quantity is much smaller than the
amount that likely existed there in the past.
(C) Small-scale gullies on Mars provide convincing evidence that liquid water existed on Mars in the
recent past.
(D) The small amount of water vapor in the Martian atmosphere suggests that there has never been
liquid water on Mars.
9. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the sentence in bold type in the
passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
(A) But detractors argue that geological activity may be responsible for the water associated with the
terraces.
(B) But detractors argue that the terraces may be related to geological forces in the Northern
Hemisphere of Mars, rather than to Martian water in the south.
(C) But detractors argue that geological forces depressed the Northern Hemisphere so far below the
level of the south that the terraces could not have been formed by water.
(D) But detractors argue that the terraces may have been formed by geological activity rather than by
the presence of water.
10. According to paragraph 4, what do the 2003 Global Surveyor data suggest about Mars?
(A) Ancient oceans on Mars contained only small amounts of carbon.
(B) The climate of Mars may not have been suitable for the formation of large bodies of water.
(C) Liquid water may have existed on some parts of Mars’ surface for long periods of time.
(D) The ancient oceans that formed on Mars dried up during periods of cold, dry weather.
Part 4. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. (15 pts)
THE LITTLE ICE AGE
A
This book will provide a detailed examination of the Little Ice Age and other climatic shifts, but, before I
embark on that, let me provide a historical context. We tend to think of climate - as opposed to weather - as
something unchanging, yet humanity has been at the mercy of climate change for its entire existence, with at
least eight glacial episodes in the past 730,000 years. Our ancestors adapted to the universal but irregular
global warming since the end of the last great Ice Age, around 10,000 years ago, with dazzling opportunism.
They developed strategies for surviving harsh drought cycles, decades of heavy rainfall or unaccustomed
cold; adopted agriculture and stock-raising, which revolutionised human life; and founded the world's first
pre-industrial civilisations in Egypt, Mesopotamia and the Americas. But the price of sudden climate
change, in famine, disease and suffering, was often high.
B
The Little Ice Age lasted from roughly 1300 until the middle of the nineteenth century. Only two centuries
ago, Europe experienced a cycle of bitterly cold winters; mountain glaciers in the Swiss Alps were the
lowest in recorded memory, and pack ice surrounded Iceland for much of the year. The climatic events of
the Little Ice Age did more than help shape the modern world. They are the deeply important context for the
current unprecedented global warming. The Little Ice Age was far from a deep freeze, however; rather an
irregular seesaw of rapid climatic shifts, few lasting more than a quarter-century, driven by complex and still
little understood interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean. The seesaw brought cycles of intensely
cold winters and easterly winds, then switched abruptly to years of heavy spring and early summer rains,
mild winters, and frequent Atlantic storms, or to periods of droughts, light northeasterly winds, and summer
heat waves.
C
Reconstructing the climate changes of the past is extremely difficult, because systematic weather
observations began only a few centuries ago, in Europe and North America. Records from India and tropical
Africa are even more recent. For the time before records began, we have only 'proxy records' reconstructed
largely from tree rings and ice cores, supplemented by a few incomplete written accounts. We now have
hundreds of tree-ring records from throughout the northern hemisphere, and many from south of the equator,
too, amplified with a growing body of temperature data from ice cores drilled in Antarctica, Greenland, the
Peruvian Andes, and other locations. We are close to a knowledge of annual summer and winter temperature
variations over much of the northern hemisphere going back 600 years.
D
This book is a narrative history of climatic shifts during the past ten centuries, and some of the ways in
which people in Europe adapted to them. Part One describes the Medieval Warm Period, roughly 900 to
1200. During these three centuries, Norse voyagers from Northern Europe explored northern seas, settled
Greenland, and visited North America. It was not a time of uniform warmth, for then, as always since the
Great Ice Age, there were constant shifts in rainfall and temperature. Mean European temperatures were
about the same as today, perhaps slightly cooler.
E
It is known that the Little Ice Age cooling began in Greenland and the Arctic in about 1200. As the Arctic
ice pack spread southward, Norse voyages to the west were rerouted into the open Atlantic, then ended
altogether. Storminess increased in the North Atlantic and North Sea. Colder, much wetter weather
descended on Europe between 1315 and 1319, when thousands perished in a continent-wide famine. By
1400, the weather had become decidedly more unpredictable and stormier, with sudden shifts and lower
temperatures that culminated in the cold decades of the late sixteenth century. Fish were a vital commodity
in growing towns and cities, where food supplies were a constant concern. Dried cod and herring were
already the staples of the European fish trade, but changes in water temperatures forced fishing fleets to
work further offshore. The Basques, Dutch, and English developed the first offshore fishing boats adapted to
a colder and stormier Atlantic. A gradual agricultural revolution in northern Europe stemmed from concerns
over food supplies at a time of rising populations. The revolution involved intensive commercial farming
and the growing of animal fodder on land not previously used for crops. The increased productivity from
farmland made some countries self-sufficient in grain and livestock and offered effective protection against
famine.
F
Global temperatures began to rise slowly after 1850, with the beginning of the Modern Warm Period. There
was a vast migration from Europe by land-hungry farmers and others, to which the famine caused by the
Irish potato blight contributed, to North America, Australia, New Zealand, and southern Africa. Millions of
hectares of forest and woodland fell before the newcomers' axes between 1850 and 1890, as intensive
European farming methods expanded across the world. The unprecedented land clearance released vast
quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, triggering for the first time humanly caused global
warming. Temperatures climbed more rapidly in the twentieth century as the use of fossil fuels proliferated
and greenhouse gas levels continued to soar. The rise has been even steeper since the early 1980s. The Little
Ice Age has given way to a new climatic regime, marked by prolonged and steady warming. At the same
time, extreme weather events like Category 5 hurricanes are becoming more frequent.
Questions 1-6
The Reading has six paragraphs, A-F. Choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph from the
List of Headings below.
LIST OF HEADINGS
i Predicting climatic changes
ii The relevance of the Little Ice Age today
iii How cities contribute to climate change
iv Human impact on the climate
v How past climatic conditions can be determined
vi A growing need for weather records
vii A study covering a thousand years
viii People have always responded to climate change
ix Enough food at last

1. Paragraph A: ……………
2. Paragraph B: ……………
3. Paragraph C: ……………
4. Paragraph D: ……………
5. Paragraph E: ……………
6. Paragraph F: ……………
Questions 7-10
Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.
Weather during the Little Ice Age
Documentation of past weather condition is limited: our main sources of knowledge of conditions in the
distant past are 7. ……………. and ice cores. We can deduce that the Little Ice Age was a time of 8.
……………., rather than of consistent freezing. Within it there were some periods of very cold winters,
others of 9. ……………. and heavy rain, and yet others that saw 10. ……………. with no rain at all.

A climatic shifts B ice pack C tree rings

D glaciers E interactions F weather observations

G heat waves H storms I written accounts

Part 7:
You are going to read an article about children. For questions 47-56, choose from the sections of the
article (A-E). The sections may be chosen more than once. When more than one answer is required,
these may be given in any order.

In which section of the article is the following mentioned?

47 an example of a sign that has become simpler

48 the difference between how the deaf children communicate an image and how other people communicate
the same image

49 the fact that the same signs can be used in the communication of a number of ideas

50 the characteristics of languages in general at different stages of their development

51 a belief that language is learnt by means of a specific part of the mind

52 an aspect of language learning that children are particularly good at

53 how regularly the children have been monitored

54 older children passing their sign language on to younger children

55 the reason why the children created a particular sign

56 opposing views on how people acquire language

Deaf Childern’s Ad Hoc Language Evolves and Instructs

A
A deep insight into the way the brain learns language has emerged from the study of Nicaraguan sign
language, invented by deaf children in a Nicaraguan school as a means of communicating among
themselves. The Nicaraguan children are well-known to linguists because they provide an apparently unique
example of people inventing a language from scratch. The phenomenon started at a school for special
education founded in 1977. Instructors noticed that the deaf children, while absorbing little from their
Spanish lessons, had developed a system of signs for talking to one another. As one generation of children
taught the system to the next, it evolved from a set of gestures into a far more sophisticated form of
communication, and today’s 800 users of the language provide a living history of the stages of formation.

B
The children have been studied principally by Dr. Judy Kegi, a linguist at the University of Southern Maine,
and Dr. Ann Senghas, a cognitive scientist at Columbia University in New York City. In the latest study,
published in Science magazine, Dr. Senghas shows that the younger children have now decomposed certain
gestures into smaller component signs. A hearing person asked to mime a standard story about a cat
waddling down a street will make a single gesture, a downward spiral motion of the hand. But the deaf
children have developed two different signs to use in its place. They sign a circle for the rolling motion and
then a straight line for the direction of movement. This requires more signing, but the two signs can be used
in combination with others to express different concepts. The development is of interest to linguists because
it captures a principal quality of human language – discrete elements usable in different combinations – in
contrast to the one sound, one meaning of animal communication. ‘The regularity she documents here –
mapping discrete aspects of the world onto discrete word choices – is one of the most distinctive properties
of human language’ said Dr. Steven Pinker, a cognitive scientist at Harvard University.

C
When people with no common language are thrown into contact, they often develop an ad hoc language
known to linguists as a pidgin language, usually derived from one of the parent languages. Pidgins are
rudimentary systems with minimal grammar and utterances. But in a generation or two, the pidgins acquire
grammar and become upgraded to what linguists call creoles. Though many new languages have been
created by the pidgin-creole route, the Nicaraguan situation is unique, Dr. Senghas said, because its starting
point was not a complex language but ordinary gestures. From this raw material, the deaf children appear to
be spontaneously fabricating the elements of language.

D
Linguists have been engaged in a longstanding argument as to whether there is an innate, specialised neural
machinery for learning language, as proposed by Noam Chomsky of the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, or whether everything is learned from scratch. Dr. Senghas says her finding supports the view
that language learning is innate, not purely cultural, since the Nicaraguan children’s dis-aggregation of
gestures appears to be spontaneous. Her result also upholds the idea that children play an important part in
converting a pidgin into a creole. Because children’s minds are primed to learn the rules of grammar, it is
thought, they spontaneously impose grammatical structure on a pidgin that doesn’t have one.

E
The Nicaraguan children are a living laboratory of language generation. Dr. Senghas, who has been visiting
their school every year since 1990, said she had noticed how the signs for numbers have developed.
Originally the children represented ’20’ by flicking the fingers of both hands in the air twice. But this
cumbersome sign has been replaced with a form that can now be signed with one hand. The children don’t
care that the new sign doesn’t look like a 20, Dr. Senghas said; they just want a symbol that can be signed
fast.

Part 8: Rewrite the sentences in such a way that they mean almost the same as the sentences printed
before them.
1. Addicts of computer games struggle to distinguish the virtual world from the real world. (DRAW)
Those obsessed .......................................................................................
2,Have a look at this picture. It may help you remember something. (JOG)
.......................................................................................
3.Apparently, a lot of employees will be made redundant when the 21st Century Fox is taken over. (HEAP)
Apparently, many an .......................................................................................
4,Although the beginning may be smooth for a business, one has to think about the worst-case scenario.
(PREOCCUPIED)
Plain .......................................................................................
5. Every possible effort was made by orphanage to find the boy’s parents.
The orphanage left no stone .......................................................................................
6. If something’s worrying you, you should tell me about it now. CHEST
If you have a problem, why don’t you………………………………………..now?
7. I think you should confront your boss right now with how you feel about this.
OUT
Why don’t you………………………………………………………your boss right now?
8. Anna had decided Tom was not telling the truth about what happened. TEETH
Anna was sure Tom ……………………………………………….. about what happened.
9. Perhaps my sister was bad-tempered because she was tired. FACT
I put my sister’s……………………………………….. she was tired.
10. When confronted with his crime the accused was unrepentant. REMORSE
The accused……………………………………………………crime he had committed.

Answers:
Phần 1:\
SECTION 1 (10 points)
Questions 6-10: You will hear an interview with Pamela Green, a young fashion designer. For questions
6 - 10, choose the best answer (A, B or C).
6. B 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. A
SECTION 2 (10 points)
Questions 11 - 15: You will hear a man called Steve and a woman called Caroline talking about
summer jobs. Decide if each sentence is correct or incorrect. If it is correct, put a tick ( ) in Yes column.
If it is not correct, put a tick () in No column.
YES NO
1. Steve hasn’t arranged any work for the summer yet. 
2. Caroline’s work will allow her to have free time during the day. 
3. Caroline’s work will be located in a city. 
4. Caroline found out about the job from the internet. 
5. Caroline says that work at music festivals is badly paid. 

SECTION 3 (20 points)

Questions 16 - 25: You are going to hear somebody giving their opinion about media and its
influence on society. For questions 16-25, complete the sentences with NO MORE THAN THREE
WORDS.

16. newspapers 17. campaigns 18. public eye 19. 4% / four

percent
20. TV 21. images 22. fiction 23. one million
pounds
24. apology 25. tabloids
SECTION 1:
Interviewer: Hello, Pamela, welcome to the programme. So many young people want to be fashion designers
these days, but don't know how to get started.
Pamela Green: Hi. I felt exactly like that myself! You must first discover if this is really what you want to
do. I wasn't sure to begin with, so I started off by looking for a store in my neighbourhood that sold its own
clothes. The owner invited me into her studio and told me what a typical day was like. She allowed me to
ask as many questions as I wanted. Having made up my mind, I then contacted a few colleges to see what
courses in fashion were on offer, and I was lucky to find one that seemed ideal.
Interviewer: So a degree in fashion is a must?
Pamela Green: Well, you often meet designers who go to college later in life, after years of working in the
industry. The truth is the best students aren't always the best designers, but there's no denying that a degree
will show that you've got certain basic skills and get you your first job. Don't be surprised to find colleagues
with fewer qualifications on higher pay than yourself though. Making progress from that point will depend
entirely on your personal talent.
Interviewer: What basic skills do you need?
Pamela Green: When you ask a fashion student what they want to do, they often reply 'have my own line'.
Not an easy task, I must say. You need work experience first, ideally in a successful fashion shop, to
understand that this industry is led by commerce. Starting your own line requires capital and a clear
overview of how it's going to develop. Without it, clothes design can only be a hobby. Of course, if you've
got an eye for colour, style and shape and an ability to draw, you shouldn't let go of the dream.
Interviewer: Where do you get the inspiration for your designs?
Pamela Green: To be a good designer, you have to be aware of the world you live in, you need to go out and
look at people's lives and attitudes, you really have to learn how to observe what's happening around you.
And I don't mean going abroad necessarily - my social circle is invaluable for me, for example - a constant
source of ideas. You have to remember the clothes are not for you, you have to adapt to what other people
want. And don't be tempted to imitate the famous designers, however beautiful their collections might look.
Interviewer: Now you're a successful designer, are things easier?
Pamela Green: It took me a while to learn to cope with criticism, though. You think your design drawings
look brilliant, but you mustn't get upset if the garment doesn't look as you'd imagined it. What I've never
managed to get used to is the sheer amount of work involved in finishing your collection well in advance of
the season. Some designers stop attending fashion shows, for example, which involve lots of time-
consuming travelling, but I'd be unhappy to give that up.
Interviewer: Do you have to do a lot of reading to keep up with trends?
Pamela Green: You have to read fashion magazines and other media that reflect current trends and tastes. It
doesn't matter whether you want to use them in your own designs. Nobody knows what styles will be
fashionable in, say, two years' time, but the point is you have to know just about everything that's been done
before, so that you can spot it when it becomes popular again.
Interviewer: This is a very competitive industry. Realistically, what are the chances for somebody starting?
Pamela Green: Don't make the mistake of aiming just for designing outfits, which is just one part of a vast
industry. You may be perfectly happy as an obscure but competent designer of small pieces for collections -
jewellery, hats, shoes - all of which need to be created. And then somebody has to market them, sell them,
write about them. Fame and glory is just for the top twenty world designers, and life isn't always wonderful
even for them.
Interviewer: Pamela, many thanks.
SECTION 2.
Caroline:So, what are you going to do this summer?
Steve: Well, I’m probably going to go on holiday with my parents and my sister for a week, but I suppose
I really should get a summer job. I haven’t planned anything yet, but I really need to get some
money. What about you?
Caroline:I’m going to Scotland for the summer.
Steve: For the whole summer?
Caroline:Yes, well, I’m going for seven weeks. I’m going to work in a youth hostel in the mountains.
Steve: Really? That sounds great!
Caroline:Yes, I think so. I mean, the work won’t be very interesting. It’ll be mostly cooking, cleaning and
working on reception, selling drinks and things. But my hours are seven till ten in the morning and
five till nine in the evening, so I’ll have plenty of time during the day to go walking.
Steve: That sounds fun! It’ll be like a holiday, but you’ll be earning money too.
Caroline:Yes, it’s a chance to get out of the city and maybe meet some new people.
Steve: I wish I could get a job like that. How did you find out about it?
Caroline:I read about it in a book called Summer Work Round Britain. It tells you about all kinds of
different jobs in different places. You can work at farms picking fruit, or at hotels near the sea.
You can even get work at music festivals.
Steve: Oh I like the sound of that!
Caroline:Yes, of course the problem with that sort of work is that it only lasts a few days. And once you’ve
paid for your accommodation and food, you won’t have much money left.
Steve: Oh yes, I didn’t think about that. And knowing me, I’d spend all my extra money on music. So
do you have to pay for your accommodation and food in Scotland then?
Caroline:Well, it’s quite good. I’ll be staying in a shared bedroom, and they’ll take £15 a week out of my
wages to pay for that. My breakfast will be free, because I’ll probably be cooking breakfast for the
guests! I can get dinner in the evening at a reduced price, so I only have to worry about lunch.
Steve: Well, I hope you have a great time.
Caroline:Thanks. I’ll lend you the book if you like. Maybe you’ll find something too.
Steve: Isn’t it too late to apply?
Caroline:I don’t think so. Anyway, it’s worth a try.
SECTION 3.
Phần 2:

Part 1 : A
1D 2A 3C 4B 5A 6D 7A 8C 9D 10B
1. If a child knows that he can never .............. a bad behavior, then he is less likely to do it.
A. make out B. put through C. keep up D. get away with
get away with sth=to succeed in avoiding punishment for something:
2. My mother always told me that I should .............. the things I believe in, regardless of how others
perceive them.
A. stand up for B. get on with C. put up with D. come up to
stand up for= defend or support a particular idea or a person who is being criticized or attacked
3. The doctor told him to keep .............. sweets and chocolate to lose weight.
A. up B. at C. off D. back
keep off sth=If you keep off a particular subject, you avoid talking about it.
4. Some of our volunteers would .............. for teachers in the event of a strike.
A. act up B. fill in C. fit in D. work out
Fill in for =thay thế,đảm nhận thay cho ai/cái gì
5. She got a bit hot .............. the collar when a colleague started criticizing her work.
A. under B. on C. beyond D. from
Get hot under the collar' = thấy nóng dưới cổ áo -> nghĩa là trở nên tức giận
6. She bought .............. the deal even though nobody thought she was capable of doing it.
A. in B. down C. out D. off
Buy off=đút lót
7. Let’s find a place where we can .............. the storm.
A. wait out B. wear off C. shrug off D. pull through
wait out someone or something=to wait and do nothing until something happens or ends
8. The boss was away, so his assistant had to .............. him and make a speech.
A. make off with B. do away with C. stand in for D. take up on
Do away with = get rid of something or stop using something
9. Beaches were .............. as police searched for canisters for toxic waste from the damaged ship.
A. sealed off B. cut off C. washed up D. kept out
Keep out= not to (allow to) enter=không đi vào
10. I thought she was being serious, but she was only having me .............. .
A. up B. on C. over D. round
have sb on=to persuade someone that something is true when it is not, usually as a joke

B.
1C 2B 3D 4C 5C 6B 7C 8B 9D 10B
1. It ..............that the best way to learn to speak a foreign language is to practice using it.
A. stands in relation B. is a wake-up call
C. stands to reason D. agrees to differ
stands to reason= be obvious
2. Police are warning the public to be on the .............. for suspicious packages.
A. care B. alert C. guard D. alarm
Be on the alert = coi chừng,cảnh giác vs
3. Vietnam’s Got Talent is the game show that has taken audiences ..............
A. by heart B. by night C. by wind D. by storm
Take sth by storm = làm cái gì trở nên nổi tiếng
4. Clinics will be subject to a new .............. of conduct and stronger controls by local authorities.
A. ground B. system C. code D. set
code of conduct=a set of rules that members of an organization or people with a particular job or position
must follow
5. My mother .............. when she found out that I’d forgotten to do the washing-up again.
A. made my blood boil B. felt off color
C. hit the ceiling D. stood her ground
hit the ceiling/roof= cục kỳ tức giận
6. You shouldn’t .............. other people’s problems, even if you don’t consider them to be very serious.
A. shed light upon B. come to light
C. make light of D. see the light
Come to light = được biết tới (to become known to people) sau thời gian nằm trong bí mật, được phơi bày ra
ánh sáng.
shed light upon= làm sáng tỏ vấn đề
make light of= xe nhẹ ai, cái gì
7. A journalist is .............. on a politician in order to damage his image.
A. digging it out B. digging up out of the earth
C. digging up dirt D. digging his own grave
digging up dirt on sth/sb = tìm hiểu và tiết lộ thông tin tổn thất của ai; "vạch lá tìm sâu", "bới lông tìm vết".
dig your own grave=to do something that causes you harm, sometimes serious harm
8. We were having dinner in a restaurant last night when this guy at the next table .............. because the
waiter brought the wrong thing.
A. flew into the face of danger B. flew off the handle
C. flew by the seat of his pants D. flushed out of some place
flew off the handle= tức giận
'Fly into the face of danger' nghĩa là chấp nhận rủi ro, bất chấp hiểm nguy
Fly by the seat of one's pants' = bay bằng mông quần (phi công bay bằng sự phán đoán, vì khi ngành hàng
không mới ra đời, không có phương tiện hỗ trợ hay khả năng liên lạc với mặt đất) -> cụm từ này nghĩa là
dựa trên bản năng, phán đoán (hành động, quyết định...)
. flush out someone/something=to force a person or animal to leave a hiding place
9. Losing my job was ............... I never would have found this one if it hadn’t happened.
A. a bone to pick with B. a breath of fresh air
C. a bleeding heart D. a blessing in disguise
. a blessing in disguise=trong cais rủi có cái may
have a bone to pick with sb=to want to talk to someone about something annoying they have done
a breath of fresh air= điều gì đó mới, khác lạ, làm tỉnh táo/khỏe khoắn (một cách dễ chịu, thích thú); 'làn gió
mới'.
'Bleeding heart' (trái tim rỉ máu) nghĩa là một người được coi là dễ mềm lòng một cách nguy hiểm, thường là
người được cho là quá tự do trong tư tưởng chính trị
10. The inquiry is by no means ............... .
A. chop and change B. cut and dried
C. head and shoulders D. tooth and nail
Cut and dried = trường hợp đã được sắp xếp, chuẩn bị trước và không thể thay đổi. Ngoài ra nó còn có nghĩa
là đơn giản, rõ ràng, dễ hiểu hoặc không thú vị.
Part 2
Line Mistakes Corrections
0. 2 has have
1. 3 relatively relative
2. 4 (in) that (in) which
3. 5 them it
4. 6 another the other
5. 7 confront confronted
6. 8 healthy health
7. 9 percent percentage
8. 11 in (a greater or ... extent) to (a greater or ... extent)
9. 13 factor fact
10. 14 inportant importance

Part 3:
1.B 2. C 3. D 4.B 5. A
6. B 7. D 8. C 9. D 10.B

Responding to children’s mistakes

Promoting children’s self-esteem seems to be one of the aims of modern childcare and education. It
goes hand in hand with a culture in which children are (1) _______ praised for the most minor
achievements. While this promotion of self-esteem is, rightly, a reaction against sterner times when children
weren’t praised enough, it also seems to be (2) _______ by a fear of how failure will affect children: a fear
that if they don’t succeed at a task, they will somehow be damaged.
However, the opposite may well be true. Many scientists spend years experiencing (3) _______ failure
in the lab until they make a (4) _______. They know that (5) _______ this process advances scientific
knowledge. In the same way, children need to experience failure to learn and grow. If children have been
praised for everything they’ve done, (6) _______ how good it is, then failure in adult life will be all the more
painful.
Life is full of (7) _______ and there is no point in trying to protect children from the disappointments
that (8) _______ them. Parents and educators shouldn’t be afraid of (9) _______ children’s mistakes, as long
as they also praise them when they do well. After all, the heroes children try to emulate, the pop stars and
footballers, have all reached the top in the face of ruthless competition. Like them, children need to learn
how to cope with failure and (10) _______ it to their advantage.
1. A. immensely B. enthusiastically C. thoroughly D. devotedly
Enthusiastically praise: tán thưởng,khen ngợi 1 cách nhiệt tình
2. A. developed B. evolved C. caused D. originated
Be caused by: bị gây ra bởi
3. A. concurrent B. consequent C. consecutive D. continual
Continual: frequently recurring; always happening
4. A. success B. breakthrough C. progress D. breakout
Make a breakthrough: tạo ra bước đột phá
5. A. ultimately B. lastly C. conclusively D. latterly
6. A. according to B. regardless of C. consistent with D. depending on
regardless of: bất kể
7. A. faults B. checks C. delays D. setbacks
Setback: a reversal or check in progress
8. A. expect B. anticipate C. await D. approach
9. A. getting round to B. looking down on C. giving way to D. picking up on
Pick up on: give particular attention to something that someone has said or done
10. A. move B. turn C. make D. take
Take it to their advantage: biến cái gì thành lợi thế của ai
Part 4:
1. about 2. far/currently 3. bay 4.out 5. Of
6. ability 7.declared/designated/made 8. island 9. less 10. aground
Part 5: Read the passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions. (15 pts)
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. B
RUNNING WATER ON MARS
Photographic evidence suggests that liquid water once existed in great quantity on the surface of Mars. Two
types of flow features are seen: runoff channels and outflow channels. Runoff channels are found in the
southern highlands. These flow features are extensive systems - sometimes hundreds of kilometers in total
length - of interconnecting, twisting channels that seem to merge into larger, wider channels. They bear a
strong resemblance to river systems on Earth, and geologists think that they are dried-up beds of long-gone
rivers that once carried rainfall on Mars from the mountains down into the valleys. Runoff channels on Mars
speak of a time 4 billion years ago (the age of the Martian highlands), when the atmosphere was thicker, the
surface warmer, and liquid water widespread.
Outflow channels are probably relics of catastrophic flooding on Mars long ago. They appear only in
equatorial regions and generally do not form extensive interconnected networks. Instead, they are probably
the paths taken by huge volumes of water draining from the southern highlands into the northern plains. The
onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped “islands”
(resembling the miniature versions seen in the wet sand of our beaches at low tide) that have been found on
the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels. Judging from the width and depth of the channels, the
flow rates must have been truly enormous - perhaps as much as a hundred times greater than the 105 tons
per second carried by the great Amazon river. Flooding shaped the outflow channels approximately 3 billion
years ago, about the same time as the northern volcanic plains formed.
Some scientists speculate that Mars may have enjoyed an extended early period during which rivers, lakes,
and perhaps even oceans adorned its surface. A 2003 Mars Global Surveyor image shows what mission
specialists think may be a delta - a fan-shaped network of channels and sediments where a river once flowed
into a larger body of water, in this case a lake filling a crater in the southern highlands. Other researchers go
even further, suggesting that the data provide evidence for large open expanses of water on the early Martian
surface. A computer-generated view of the Martian north polar region shows the extent of what may have
been an ancient ocean covering much of the northern lowlands. The Hellas Basin, which measures some
3,000 kilometers across and has a floor that lies nearly 9 kilometers below the basin’s rim, is another
candidate for an ancient Martian sea.
These ideas remain controversial. Proponents point to features such as the terraced “beaches” shown in one
image, which could conceivably have been left behind as a lake or ocean evaporated and the shoreline
receded. But detractors maintain that the terraces could also have been created by geological activity,
perhaps related to the geologic forces that depressed the Northern Hemisphere far below the level of
the south, in which case they have nothing whatever to do with Martian water. Furthermore, Mars
Global Surveyor data released in 2003 seem to indicate that the Martian surface contains too few carbonate
rock layers - layers containing compounds of carbon and oxygen - that should have been formed in
abundance in an ancient ocean. Their absence supports the picture of a cold, dry Mars that never experienced
the extended mild period required to form lakes and oceans. However, more recent data imply that at least
some parts of the planet did in fact experience long periods in the past during which liquid water existed on
the surface.
Aside from some small-scale gullies (channels) found since 2000, which are inconclusive, astronomers have
no direct evidence for liquid water anywhere on the surface of Mars today, and the amount of water vapor in
the Martian atmosphere is tiny. Yet even setting aside the unproven hints of ancient oceans, the extent of the
outflow channels suggests that a huge total volume of water existed on Mars in the past. Where did all the
water go? The answer may be that virtually all the water on Mars is now locked in the permafrost layer
under the surface, with more contained in the planet’s polar caps.

1. The word “merge” in the passage is closest in meaning to …………… .

(A) expand (B) separate (C) straighten out (D) combine
Merge=combine = sáp nhập,kết hợp
2. What does the discussion in paragraph 1 of runoff channels in the southern highlands suggest about Mars?
(A) The atmosphere of Mars was once thinner than it is today.
(B) Large amounts of rain once fell on parts of Mars.
(C) The river systems of Mars were once more extensive than Earth’s.
(D) The rivers of Mars began to dry up about 4 billion years ago.
2. Nội dung thảo luận ở đoạn 1 về các kênh nước chảy ở vùng cao nguyên phía Nam gợi ý điều gì về Sao
Hỏa?
(A) Bầu khí quyển của sao Hỏa đã từng mỏng hơn ngày nay.
(B) Lượng mưa lớn đã từng rơi xuống các phần của Sao Hỏa.
(C) Các hệ thống sông của sao Hỏa đã từng rộng lớn hơn so với hệ thống sông của Trái đất.
(D) Các con sông trên sao Hỏa bắt đầu khô cạn khoảng 4 tỷ năm trước.
Clue:
These flow features are extensive systems - sometimes hundreds of kilometers in total length - of
interconnecting, twisting channels that seem to merge into larger, wider channels. They bear a strong
resemblance to river systems on Earth, and geologists think that they are dried-up beds of long-gone rivers
that once carried rainfall on Mars from the mountains down into the valleys
Các kênh nước chảy tràn được tìm thấy ở vùng cao nguyên phía Nam.Các đặc điểm dòng chảy này là các hệ
thống rộng lớn - đôi khi có tổng chiều dài hàng trăm km - gồm các kênh xoắn, kết nối với nhau dường như
hợp nhất thành các kênh lớn hơn, rộng hơn. Chúng rất giống với các hệ thống sông trên Trái đất, và các nhà
địa chất cho rằng chúng là những lòng sông khô cạn từng mang lượng mưa trên sao Hỏa từ các ngọn núi
xuống các thung lũng.
3. The word “relics” in the passage is closest in meaning to …………… .
(A) remains (B) sites (C) requirements (D) sources
Relics=remain = tàn tích ,vật còn được giữ lại
4. In paragraph 2, why does the author include the information that 105 tons of water flow through the
Amazon River per second?
(A) To emphasize the great size of the volume of water that seems to have flowed through
Mars’outflow channels.
(B) To indicate data used by scientists to estimate how long ago Mars’ outflow channels were
formed.
(C) To argue that flash floods on Mars may have been powerful enough to cause tear-shaped
“islands” to form.
(D) To argue that the force of flood waters on Mars was powerful enough to shape the northern
volcanic plains.
4. Trong đoạn văn 2, tại sao tác giả đưa thông tin rằng 105 tấn nước chảy qua sông Amazon mỗi
giây?
 (A) Để nhấn mạnh kích thước lớn của khối lượng nước dường như đã chảy qua các dòng chảy ra của
sao Hỏa
(B) Để chỉ ra dữ liệu được các nhà khoa học sử dụng để ước tính các kênh chảy ra của sao Hỏa được
hình thành trong bao lâu.
(C) Lập luận rằng lũ quét trên sao Hỏa có thể đủ mạnh để hình thành các “hòn đảo” hình giọt nước.
(D) Lập luận rằng lực của nước lũ trên sao Hỏa đủ mạnh để hình thành các đồng bằng núi lửa phía
bắc.
Clue: The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped
“islands” (resembling the miniature versions seen in the wet sand of our beaches at low tide) that have been
found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels. Judging from the width and depth of the
channels, the flow rates must have been truly enormous - perhaps as much as a hundred times greater than
the 105 tons per second carried by the great Amazon river.
Nước dồn dập dâng lên từ những trận lũ quét này có khả năng cũng tạo thành các “hòn đảo” hình
giọt nước kỳ lạ (giống như các phiên bản thu nhỏ được nhìn thấy trong cát ướt của các bãi biển của chúng ta
khi thủy triều xuống) đã được tìm thấy trên các vùng đồng bằng gần cuối dòng chảy ra.Đánh giá từ chiều
rộng và độ sâu của các kênh, tốc độ dòng chảy phải thực sự rất lớn - có lẽ lớn hơn hàng trăm lần so với 105
tấn mỗi giây do sông Amazon lớn mang theo.

5. According to paragraph 2, all of the following are true of the outflow channels on Mars EXCEPT:
(A) They formed at around the same time that volcanic activity was occurring on the northern plains.
(B) They are found only on certain parts of the Martian surface.
(C) They sometimes empty onto what appear to have once been the wet sands of tidal beaches.
(D) They are thought to have carried water northward from the equatorial regions.
Clue: Flooding shaped the outflow channels approximately 3 billion years ago, about the same time
as the northern volcanic plains formed.=> A
They appear only in equatorial regions and generally do not form extensive interconnected
networks=> B
Instead, they are probably the paths taken by huge volumes of water draining from the southern
highlands into the northern plains.=> D
6. All of the following questions about geological features on Mars are answered in paragraph 3 EXCEPT:
(A) What are some regions of Mars that may have once been covered with an ocean?
(B) Where do mission scientists believe that the river forming the delta emptied?
(C) Approximately how many craters on Mars do mission scientists believe may once have been
lakes filled with water?
(D) During what period of Mars’ history do some scientists think it may have had large bodies of
water?
6. Tất cả các câu hỏi sau đây về các đặc điểm địa chất trên sao Hỏa được trả lời trong đoạn 3 NGOẠI
TRỪ:
(A) Một số khu vực trên sao Hỏa có thể đã từng được bao phủ bởi đại dương?
(B) Các nhà khoa học của sứ mệnh tin rằng con sông hình thành nên đồng bằng đã cạn kiệt ở đâu?
(C) Có khoảng bao nhiêu miệng núi lửa trên sao Hỏa mà các nhà khoa học tin rằng có thể đã từng là
hồ chứa đầy nước?
(D) Trong thời kỳ lịch sử nào của sao Hỏa, một số nhà khoa học nghĩ rằng nó có thể có các khối nước
lớn?
Clue: Some scientists speculate that Mars may have enjoyed an extended early period during which
rivers, lakes, and perhaps even oceans adorned its surface.=> A
2003 Mars Global Surveyor image shows what mission specialists think may be a delta - a fan-
shaped network of channels and sediments where a river once flowed into a larger body of water, in this case
a lake filling a crater in the southern highlands.=> B
Other researchers go even further, suggesting that the data provide evidence for large open expanses
of water on the early Martian surface. A computer-generated view of the Martian north polar region shows
the extent of what may have been an ancient ocean covering much of the northern lowlands. The Hellas
Basin, which measures some 3,000 kilometers across and has a floor that lies nearly 9 kilometers below the
basin’s rim, is another candidate for an ancient Martian sea.=> D
7. According to paragraph 3, images of Mars’ surface have been interpreted as support for the idea that
(A) a large part of the northern lowlands may once have been under water.
 (B) the polar regions of Mars were once more extensive than they are now.
(C) deltas were once a common feature of the Martian landscape.
(D) the shape of the Hellas Basin has changed considerably over time.
7. Theo đoạn 3, các hình ảnh về bề mặt Sao Hỏa được hiểu là hỗ trợ cho ý tưởng rằng
(A) một phần lớn các vùng đất thấp phía bắc có thể đã từng nằm dưới nước.
(B) các vùng cực của sao Hỏa đã từng rộng lớn hơn bây giờ.
(C) các châu thổ đã từng là đặc điểm chung của cảnh quan sao Hỏa.
(D) Hình dạng của lưu vực Hellas đã thay đổi đáng kể theo thời gian
Clue: A computer-generated view of the Martian north polar region shows the extent of what may
have been an ancient ocean covering much of the northern lowlands
Hình ảnh xem do máy tính tạo ra về vùng cực bắc của sao Hỏa cho thấy phạm vi của những gì có thể
là một đại dương cổ đại bao phủ phần lớn các vùng đất thấp phía bắc.
8. What can be inferred from paragraph 3 about liquid water on Mars?
(A) If ancient oceans ever existed on Mars’ surface, it is likely that the water in them has evaporated
by now.
(B) If there is any liquid water at all on Mars’ surface today, its quantity is much smaller than the
amount that likely existed there in the past.
(C) Small-scale gullies on Mars provide convincing evidence that liquid water existed on Mars in the
recent past.
(D) The small amount of water vapor in the Martian atmosphere suggests that there has never been
liquid water on Mars.
8. Điều gì có thể suy ra từ đoạn 3 về nước lỏng trên sao Hỏa?
(A) Nếu các đại dương cổ đại từng tồn tại trên bề mặt Sao Hỏa, thì có khả năng nước trong đó đã bốc hơi
ngay bây giờ.
(B) Nếu có bất kỳ nước lỏng nào trên bề mặt Sao Hỏa ngày nay, thì số lượng của nó sẽ nhỏ hơn nhiều so với
lượng nước có khả năng tồn tại ở đó trong quá khứ.
(C) Những con mòng biển quy mô nhỏ trên sao Hỏa cung cấp bằng chứng thuyết phục rằng nước lỏng đã tồn
tại trên sao Hỏa trong quá khứ gần đây.
(D) Một lượng nhỏ hơi nước trong bầu khí quyển Sao Hỏa cho thấy rằng chưa bao giờ có nước lỏng trên
Sao Hỏa.
Clue: : Some scientists speculate that Mars may have enjoyed an extended early period during which rivers,
lakes, and perhaps even oceans adorned its surface
9. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the sentence in bold type in the
passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
(A) But detractors argue that geological activity may be responsible for the water associated with the
terraces.
(B) But detractors argue that the terraces may be related to geological forces in the Northern
Hemisphere of Mars, rather than to Martian water in the south.
(C) But detractors argue that geological forces depressed the Northern Hemisphere so far below the
level of the south that the terraces could not have been formed by water.
(D) But detractors argue that the terraces may have been formed by geological activity rather than by
the presence of water.
9. Câu nào dưới đây diễn đạt đúng nhất thông tin cần thiết trong câu in đậm trong đoạn văn? Lựa chọn
không chính xác làm thay đổi ý nghĩa theo những cách quan trọng hoặc bỏ qua thông tin cần thiết.
(A) Nhưng những người gièm pha lập luận rằng hoạt động địa chất có thể chịu trách nhiệm về nước liên
quan đến các bậc thang.
(B) Nhưng những người gièm pha cho rằng các bậc thang có thể liên quan đến các lực địa chất ở Bắc bán
cầu của sao Hỏa, hơn là với nước của sao Hỏa ở phía nam.
(C) Nhưng những người gièm pha lập luận rằng các lực địa chất đã làm suy giảm Bắc bán cầu thấp hơn rất
nhiều so với mức của phía nam mà các ruộng bậc thang không thể được hình thành bởi nước.
(D) Nhưng những người gièm pha cho rằng các bậc thang có thể được hình thành do hoạt động địa chất hơn
là do sự hiện diện của nước.
Clue: But detractors maintain that the terraces could also have been created by geological activity, perhaps
related to the geologic forces that depressed the Northern Hemisphere far below the level of the south, in
which case they have nothing whatever to do with Martian water.
Nhưng những người gièm pha vẫn cho rằng các ruộng bậc thang cũng có thể được tạo ra bởi hoạt động địa
chất, có lẽ liên quan đến các lực địa chất làm suy giảm Bắc bán cầu xuống thấp hơn nhiều so với mức của
nam, trong trường hợp đó chúng không liên quan gì đến nước trên sao Hỏa.
10. According to paragraph 4, what do the 2003 Global Surveyor data suggest about Mars?
(A) Ancient oceans on Mars contained only small amounts of carbon.
(B) The climate of Mars may not have been suitable for the formation of large bodies of water.
(C) Liquid water may have existed on some parts of Mars’ surface for long periods of time.
(D) The ancient oceans that formed on Mars dried up during periods of cold, dry weather.
10. Theo đoạn 4, dữ liệu của Nhà khảo sát toàn cầu năm 2003 gợi ý gì về sao Hỏa?
(A) Các đại dương cổ đại trên sao Hỏa chỉ chứa một lượng nhỏ carbon.
(B) Khí hậu của sao Hỏa có thể không thích hợp cho việc hình thành các khối nước lớn.
(C) Nước lỏng có thể đã tồn tại trên một số phần của bề mặt Sao Hỏa trong một thời gian dài.
(D) Các đại dương cổ đại hình thành trên sao Hỏa khô cạn trong thời gian khô lạnh.
Clue: Furthermore, Mars Global Surveyor data released in 2003 seem to indicate that the Martian surface
contains too few carbonate rock layers - layers containing compounds of carbon and oxygen - that should
have been formed in abundance in an ancient ocean. Their absence supports the picture of a cold, dry Mars
that never experienced the extended mild period required to form lakes and oceans
Hơn nữa, dữ liệu của Mars Global Surveyor công bố vào năm 2003 dường như chỉ ra rằng bề mặt sao Hỏa
chứa quá ít lớp đá cacbonat - những lớp chứa hợp chất của cacbon và oxy - lẽ ra phải được hình thành rất
nhiều trong một đại dương cổ đại. Sự vắng mặt của chúng hỗ trợ bức tranh về một sao Hỏa khô lạnh chưa
từng trải qua thời kỳ ôn hòa kéo dài cần thiết để hình thành các hồ và đại dương.
Part 6. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. (15 pts)
1. viii 2. ii 3. v 4. vii 5. ix 6. iv
7. C 8. A 9. H 10. G
THE LITTLE ICE AGE
A
viii People have always responded to climate change

This book will provide a detailed examination of the Little Ice Age and other climatic shifts, but, before I
embark on that, let me provide a historical context. We tend to think of climate - as opposed to weather - as
something unchanging, yet humanity has been at the mercy of climate change for its entire existence, with at
least eight glacial episodes in the past 730,000 years. Our ancestors adapted to the universal but irregular
global warming since the end of the last great Ice Age, around 10,000 years ago, with dazzling opportunism.
They developed strategies for surviving harsh drought cycles, decades of heavy rainfall or unaccustomed
cold; adopted agriculture and stock-raising, which revolutionised human life; and founded the world's first
pre-industrial civilisations in Egypt, Mesopotamia and the Americas. Tổ tiên của chúng ta, bằng chủ nghĩa
cơ hội rất đáng kinh ngạc, đã thích nghi với hiện tượng ấm lên bất thường trên toàn cầu kể từ sau khi kỷ
Băng Hà lớn cuối cùng kết thúc khoảng 10 000 năm trước. Họ đã phát triển các phương thức để tồn tại qua
các chu kỳ hạn hán khắc nghiệt, hàng thập kỷ mưa lớn hoặc lạnh bất thường; Nuôi trồng nông nghiệp và
chăn nuôi, làm sống lại cuộc sống con người; Và thành lập các nền văn minh tiền công nghiệp đầu tiên trên
thế giới ở Ai Cập, Mesopotamia và châu Mỹ.
But the price of sudden climate change, in famine, disease and suffering, was often high.
 Con người luôn phản ứng với biến đổi khí hậu
B ii The relevance of the Little Ice Age today
The Little Ice Age lasted from roughly 1300 until the middle of the nineteenth century. Only two centuries
ago, Europe experienced a cycle of bitterly cold winters; mountain glaciers in the Swiss Alps were the
lowest in recorded memory, and pack ice surrounded Iceland for much of the year. The climatic events of
the Little Ice Age did more than help shape the modern world. They are the deeply important context for the
current unprecedented global warming. Các sự kiện khí hậu của thời đại băng hà nhỏ đã làm được nhiều hơn
không chỉ giúp hình thành thế giới hiện đại.

Chúng là bối cảnh quan trọng cho hiện tượng nóng lên toàn cầu chưa từng có hiện nay. The Little Ice Age
was far from a deep freeze, however; rather an irregular seesaw of rapid climatic shifts, few lasting more
than a quarter-century, driven by complex and still little understood interactions between the atmosphere and
the ocean. The seesaw brought cycles of intensely cold winters and easterly winds, then switched abruptly to
years of heavy spring and early summer rains, mild winters, and frequent Atlantic storms, or to periods of
droughts, light northeasterly winds, and summer heat waves.
Cv How past climatic conditions can be determined
Reconstructing the climate changes of the past is extremely difficult, because systematic weather
observations began only a few centuries ago, in Europe and North America. Records from India and tropical
Africa are even more recent. For the time before records began, we have only 'proxy records' reconstructed
largely from tree rings and ice cores, supplemented by a few incomplete written accounts. We now have
hundreds of tree-ring records from throughout the northern hemisphere, and many from south of the equator,
too, amplified with a growing body of temperature data from ice cores drilled in Antarctica, Greenland, the
Peruvian Andes, and other locations. Trong thời gian trước khi bản ghi bắt đầu, chúng tôi chỉ có các 'bản ghi
đại diện' được dựng lại chủ yếu từ các vòng cây và lõi đá, được cung cấp bởi các báo cáo chưa đầy đủ.
Giờ đây, chúng ta có hàng trăm bản ghi hằng năm từ khắp bắc bán cầu, và cũng có nhiều bản ghi từ phía
nam của xích đạo, được mở rộng với dữ liệu nhiệt độ ngày càng tăng từ lõi băng được khoan thăm dò ở Nam
Cực, Greenland, dãy núi Andes ở Peru và các địa điểm khác.We are close to a knowledge of annual summer
and winter temperature variations over much of the northern hemisphere going back 600 years
 Cách đk khí hậu thời quá khứ được xác định .
D vii A study covering a thousand years
This book is a narrative history of climatic shifts during the past ten centuries, and some of the ways in
which people in Europe adapted to them Cuốn sách này là một câu chuyện lịch sử nói về sự thay đổi khí hậu
trong suốt mười thế kỷ qua, và một số cách mà người dân châu u thích nghi với chúng.. Part One describes
the Medieval Warm Period, roughly 900 to 1200. During these three centuries, Norse voyagers from
Northern Europe explored northern seas, settled Greenland, and visited North America. It was not a time of
uniform warmth, for then, as always since the Great Ice Age, there were constant shifts in rainfall and
temperature. Mean European temperatures were about the same as today, perhaps slightly cooler
 Một nghiên cứu chứa lịch sử hàng nghìn năm .
E ix Enough food at last
It is known that the Little Ice Age cooling began in Greenland and the Arctic in about 1200. As the Arctic
ice pack spread southward, Norse voyages to the west were rerouted into the open Atlantic, then ended
altogether. Storminess increased in the North Atlantic and North Sea. Colder, much wetter weather
descended on Europe between 1315 and 1319, when thousands perished in a continent-wide famine. By
1400, the weather had become decidedly more unpredictable and stormier, with sudden shifts and lower
temperatures that culminated in the cold decades of the late sixteenth century. Fish were a vital commodity
in growing towns and cities, where food supplies were a constant concern. Dried cod and herring were
already the staples of the European fish trade, but changes in water temperatures forced fishing fleets to
work further offshore. The Basques, Dutch, and English developed the first offshore fishing boats adapted to
a colder and stormier Atlantic. A gradual agricultural revolution in northern Europe stemmed from concerns
over food supplies at a time of rising populations. The revolution involved intensive commercial farming
and the growing of animal fodder on land not previously used for crops. The increased productivity from
farmland made some countries self-sufficient in grain and livestock and offered effective protection against
famine. Năng suất tăng lên từ đất nông nghiệp đã khiến một số nước tự cung ứng ngũ cốc và gia súc và
chống lại nạn đói một cách hiệu quả.
 Cuối cùng cũng có đủ thức ăn
F iv Human impact on the climate
Global temperatures began to rise slowly after 1850, with the beginning of the Modern Warm Period. There
was a vast migration from Europe by land-hungry farmers and others, to which the famine caused by the
Irish potato blight contributed, to North America, Australia, New Zealand, and southern Africa. Millions of
hectares of forest and woodland fell before the newcomers' axes between 1850 and 1890, as intensive
European farming methods expanded across the world. The unprecedented land clearance released vast
quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, triggering for the first time humanly caused global
warming. Sự giải phóng đất đai chưa từng thấy đã thải ra một lượng lớn carbon dioxide vào bầu khí quyển,
kích hoạt sự nóng lên toàn cầu lần đầu tiên của loài người.
Temperatures climbed more rapidly in the twentieth century as the use of fossil fuels proliferated and
greenhouse gas levels continued to soar. The rise has been even steeper since the early 1980s. The Little Ice
Age has given way to a new climatic regime, marked by prolonged and steady warming. At the same time,
extreme weather events like Category 5 hurricanes are becoming more frequent.
 Sự tác động của con người lên khí hậu
Part 7:
47 E. Sign representing “20” has become simpler, formerly needing two hands to show and later only one
hand.

48 В. Middle of the paragraph compares how hearing and deaf individuals mime a story about a cat walking
down the street.

49 В. Below the middle of the paragraph. Similar signs in combinations can have different meanings.

50 С. The process of language evolution with pidgin language taken as an example

51 D.First sentence of the paragraph talks about the specialised part of human brain.
52 D. Last sentence of the same paragraph. Children’s minds are “primed” to learn the rules of grammar —
meaning that it is much easier to learn them when young.

53 E. First sentence — the visits have been taking place every year since 1990.

54 A. The second part of the paragraph mentions how older generations of children passed on their
knowledge to the younger ones.

55 E. The last sentence of the paragraph states that the children want a sign for a particular reason, in this
case — one that can be shown quickly.

56 D. The first sentence of the paragraph has two opposing ideas on the language origin.

Part 8: 1,Addicts of computer games struggle to distinguish the virtual world from the real world. (DRAW)
 Those obsessed with computer games (1) | struggle to draw the line between the virtual world and the
real world.
draw the line: đặt ra giới hạn ,phân biệt
2,Have a look at this picture. It may help you remember something. (JOG)
 Have a look at this picture. It may help you jog your memory.
jog your memory : làm ai nhớ lại điều gì
3,Apparently, a lot of employees will be made redundant when the 21st Century Fox is taken over. (HEAP)
 Apparently, many an employee will be thrown on the scrap heap (1) | upon the takeover of 21st Century
Fox.
thrown on the scrap heap : bị sa thải
4,Although the beginning may be smooth for a business, one has to think about the worst-case scenario.
(PREOCCUPIED)
 Plain sailing though/as the beginning of a business may be (1) |, one has to be preoccupied with the
worst-cast scenario.
Plain sailing: thuận buồm xuối gió
5. The orphanage left no stone unturned in their attempt to find the boy’s parents.
left no stone unturned : nỗ lực làm gì
6, If you have a problem, why don’t you get it off your chest?
get it off your chest: nói thẳng ra,không che giấu bí mật về điều gì
7, Why don’t you have it out with your boss right now ?
have it out with: giải quyết 1 cuộc tranh luận vs ai
8, Anna was sure Tom was lying through his teeth about what happened
lying through his teeth : nói dối trắng rợn
9, I put my sister’s bad-temper down to the fact that she was tired.
Put sth down to: quy cái gì là do ,quy cho là
10, The accused showed no remorse for the crime he had committed
showed no remorse: Không tỏ ra ăn năn,hối lỗi về vc gì

Test 12
Phần 1:
I. For questions 6 – 10, you will hear a radio interview with the gardening experts Jed and Helena
Stone. Listen and indicate the most appropriate response, A, B, C, or D.
6. How does Helena feel about the use of Jed's name for their joint business?
A. occasionally frustrated that her contribution goes unnoticed
B. amused that they have a name people tend to remember
C. appreciative of the respect that the name has brought her
D. irritated by the fact that Jed is more of a celebrity than she is
7. What is Jed's attitude to his public profile?
A. He likes the fact that complete strangers often want to talk to him.
B. He's unhappy that it prevents him doing everyday activities.
C. He enjoys it more now than he did when he was younger.
D. He's proud of the way it reflects his achievements.
8. How did Helena feel about her work on The Travel Show?
A. She would have enjoyed it more in different circumstances.
B. It was convenient for her to be away from the house then.
C. It was a welcome alternative to manual work.
D. She felt obliged to do it at that particular time.
9. What explanation does Helena give for the name of the garden?
A. It provided a useful framework for the project.
B. It was a response to the bright colours they wanted there.
C. It allowed them to experiment with a wide range of options.
D. It was meant to inspire them to embrace unconventional ideas.
10. Jed says that, for him, the name 'jewel garden' is ____________.
A. a reminder of the value of creativity
B. an appropriate one for something so beautiful
C. a positive way of combining both past and present
D. a way of explaining his philosophy of design to people

II. For questions 11 - 15, you will hear the historian, George Davies, talking about society and the
theatre in England in the time of William Shakespeare. Decide whether the following statements are
true (T) or false (F).
11. ______ According to Professor Davies, the level of literacy in sixteen-century England matched his
expectations.
12. ______ In Professor Davies' opinion, the advantage of the usual method of communication in the
sixteenth century was that people absorbed more of what they heard.
13. ______ Professor Davies believes that Shakespeare's company developed their basic acting skills by
attending special voice classes.
14. ______ In Professor Davies' view, the advantage of sixteen-century theatres was that the performances
were complemented by everyday life.
15. _____ Professor Davies thinks that sixteen-century plays were expected to deal with personal
confessions.
III. For questions 16 - 25, listen to a piece of VOA news about the huge increase in obesity and fill in
the missing information.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the spaces
provided.
Globally, one in three adults is now considered overweight or obese. In 1980 it was one in five.
The Future Diets report analyzed existing data and found the (16)_________________ has been in
developing nations like Mexico and Egypt, where people are spending their increasing (17)____________
on fatty sugary foods. Numbers almost quadrupled from 250 million to (18)___________ million.
The report also said that western countries which (19)___________________ with the obesity problem
for longer have so far failed to (20)____________________ effectively.
It highlighted a more successful (21)__________________ in South Korea to train women how to
prepare traditional (22)_________________ meals.
The report suggests following the example of some American states in taxing things like
(23)_________________ and sugary sweets. It also warns if current global trends continue, there will be a
huge increase in (24)_________________, strokes and (25)________________.
Phần 2
Part 1:
A. PREPOSITION AND PHRASAL VERBS (5pts)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
21. My fingers are tired! I’ve been hammering away __________ this keyboard for hours.
A. on B. at C. onto D. in
22. There tactics were strongly influenced by reliance on line formation and fire-power, as against
attack__________ close quarters.
A. in B. on C. to. D. at

23. His jokes seemed to be going __________ very well with his audience, if their laughter was
any indication.
A. off B. along C. by D. down
24. The communist government has resigned __________ the background of the widespread
social unrest.
A. against B. from C. to D. as
25. The prisoner was recaptured as he made a dash__________ the gate.
A. at B. to C. for D. from
26. I __________ a small fortune when my uncle died but I managed to squander most of it. I’m
ashamed to say.
A. came into B. came about C. came round to D. came down with
27. At the meeting someone __________ the idea that there should be a student representative on
the committee.
A. put forward B. put across C. put about D. put out
28. Do you have trouble obtaining your copy of Teacher’s Weekly? Why not __________ a
regular subscription and be sure of receiving each edition as soon as it’s published?
A. Take over B. take out C. take on D. take to
29. He originally __________ to beat the land speed record, but weather conditions were
unfavourable.
A. Set to B. set in C. set up D. set out
30. The job itself is well paid and interesting, but commuting to the City every day really
__________me _________
A. gets_ down B. gets_ round C. gets- for D. gets- from
B. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS (5pts)
31. The waiter tried to be friendly to his customers but a ___________ can't change its spots and he was still
very rude.
A. leopard B. lion C. cheetah D. wolf
32. Denise has been ___________ the midnight oil trying to finish this report, so she must be exhausted.
A. lighting B. brightening C. burning D. burnt
33. For some peculiar ___________, they didn’t tell us they were going away.
A. cause B. effect C. justification D. reason
34. Monsoon Wedding was described as a cinematic jewel when it hit the _____________ screen.
A. golden B. silver C. bronze D. diamond
35. How much to tell terminally ill patients is ______________ the discretion of the doctor.
A. leaving to B. left to C. led to D. lead to
36. The British prime minister is too apt to cling to Washington’s ____________ strings.
A. apron B. violin C. heart D. taut
37. After I was nearly expelled in my first year of college, I decided to stop fooling around, put my
____________ to the wheel, and get as much out of my degree as I could.
A. shoulder B. arms C. shoulders D. leg
38. Trying to find her way home through the woods in the dead of night, Sarah lost her ___________ when
the clouds obscured the stars overhead.
A. bearings B. rag C. heart D. marbles
39. I was struggling with the reading before, but now I’ve definitely _________________________.
A. get the wrong end of the stick B. got hold of the wrong end of the stick
C. got the wrong end of the steel D. get hold of the wrong end of the steel
40. Cubans who reach the U.S. are usually _______________ asylum.
A. protested B. protected C. found D. granted
Part 2: . Read the passage below which contains 10 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and write the corrections in the corresponding
numbered boxes.
LINE TEXT
1 Billions of years after the last seas and rivers dried up on Mars, scientists
2 believe they may be able to restore the Red Planet to its formerly glory – by
3 turning it into a blue world with streams, green fields and fresh breezes, and
4 filling it with earthy creatures. Ultimately this could ever provide mankind’s
5 increasing numbers with a new home. This revolutionary scheme of
6 “terraforming” recently formed the focus with a major international debate
7 hosted by America’s space agency, NASA.
8 Terraforming has always been considered as fiction but now, with a multi –
9 billion dollar Mars research programme draw up by NASA, it is the chance
10 to discover the real possibilities of transforming Mars. There are many
11 critics. Foremost among these is Paul Murdin of the institution of
12 Astronomy. He believes the idea of terraforming Mars is extreme and not
13 ridiculous. ‘The idea is actually a real one,’ he says. ‘And I find it incredible
14 that mankind is mucking up this world at an amazing pace and, at the same
time, talking about doing the same as another planet.’
Your answers:
Line Mistakes Corrections
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Part 3: Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. Write your
answers in corresponding numbered boxes. (10 pts)
Public opinion polls show that crime is (1) _____ as one of the most serious problems of many societies.
Yet, penetrating studies have revealed that the amount of violent crime is (2) _____. Our peculiar awareness
and fear is largely brought about by the great attention it is (3) _____ in the mass media and also because of
violent crime being a popular theme for television series and films.
Among all crimes, murder makes the (4) _____ and there is little doubt that homicides still continue to be a
(5) _____ question in a number of countries. The various causes of severe crime are being constantly ( 6)
_____ and innumerable reasons for it are being pointed out. Among these are unemployment, drug ( 7)
_____, inadequate police enforcement, ineffective courts, racial discrimination, television and the general
decline in social values.
An acknowledged fact is that this is mainly poverty that (8) _____ crime. Individuals incapable of securing
for themselves and their families the rudimentary means of living unavoidably (9) _____ to stealing,
burgling or committing other offences. We may try to explain crime on different (10) _____ - cultural,
economic, psychological, but criminologists are still far from detecting the exact source of violent offences
as the direct link between these particular factors isn’t possible to specify.
1. A. believed B. viewed C. alleged D. thought
2. A. outspoken B. overestimated C. presupposed D. upgraded
3. A. granted B. awarded C. devoted D. entrusted
4. A. headlines B. titles C. captions D. broadcast
5. A. lasting B. obstructing C. nagging D. contending
6. A. debated B. conversed C. conflicted D. articulated
7. A. escalation B. abuse C. maltreatment D. disuse
8. A. rears B. nurtures C. breeds D. urges
9. A. turn B. take C. gear D. bring
10. A. motives B. arguments C. reasons D. grounds
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 4 Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE word in
each space. (10 points)
The sixth sense
For many years scientists have been carrying (0) out research into the world of the unknown and
unexplained.
One of the most fascinating categories of psychic phenomena is (1) ___________ of “precognition”, the
ability to foresee future events. Terms such as “prophecies”, “auguries” and “miracles”, familiar in ancient
times, have been replaced by the scientific, (2) ___________ prosaic-sounding term “extrasensory
perception” (ESP). This phenomenon is also commonly known as "the sixth sense", enabling a person who
possesses it to know something in advance of its happening, an experience (3) ___________ unknown by
those who possess the ordinary five senses of hearing, sight, touch, taste and smell. Precognition may occur
in the form of a dream or in a waking State. Many scientists have devoted their careers to investigating ESP
phenomena. They describe their research field as “the Science of parapsychology”, derived (4) ___________
the word “paranormal”, which ESP phenomena are said to be because they seem to be (5) ___________ the
limits of our present understanding. Surveys have shown that belief in psychic powers remains strong all
over the world, (6) ___________ a large percentage of people claiming to have actually experienced ESP.
Considering the influence ESP has had on the history of mankind, from the time of the ancient Greeks, who
often consulted the oracles in moments of crisis, it is difficult to comprehend ( 7) ___________ skeptics can
brush all ESP phenomena aside as mere fantasy, hallucination or superstition, especially ( 8) ___________
the light of so many predictions having been proved to have come true.
Parapsychologists continue to study the paranormal but, as (9) ___________ , it remains unexplained. There
may come a time, (10) ___________ , when ESP may become explicable in rational scientific terms.
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 5: Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to the questions 76 - 85.
THE PANAMA CANAL
While the Panama Canal continues to stand as one of the greatest human achievements in history, its
locks and canals were not built overnight. Its ultimate completion in 1914 was the result of decades of
planning, preparation, and construction, not to mention loss of human life. Two countries, France and the
United States, were the main players in its construction, and both faced numerous hardships during the
project, so many hardships that France, the instigator of the project, eventually had to sell out to the US., the
country that finally completed the canal. Still, the United States faced a trio of major hurdles that threatened
its completion. These obstacles were political, environmental, and geographical. Yet, through perseverance
and will, the United States was ultimately able to create the canal, a vital link between the Pacific and
Atlantic Oceans.
One of the major reasons France had to abandon the Panama Canal project was that it underestimated
the environs of the local area. The region of Panama within which the French worked was a dense, tropical
jungle. Intense heat and humidity did not help their situation either. Before long, many workers began to
succumb to diseases like yellow fever and malaria. Proper measures were not taken to reduce their exposure
and vulnerability, and many died as the workforce and the project as a whole suffered greatly. However,
once the Americans took over the canal project, they immediately implemented better living conditions and
infrastructure for the workforce, including better healthcare facilities. With a stronger workforce and more
extensive healthcare system in place, the Americans stood a better chance of completing the project than the
French ever did.
 But, before The United States could continue with the canal project the French had begun, it had to
receive permission from Colombia. At the time, Panama was within the borders of the country of Colombia.
President Theodore Roosevelt offered the Colombian government ten million dollars, which it immediately
rejected. Ever patient, Roosevelt did not press the issue, and before long, the Panamanians revolted against
Colombia for independence. This gave Roosevelt the opportunity he had been waiting for. He immediately
sent in a substantial military presence to the area to guarantee Panama's independence and to ensure the
future construction of the Panama Canal. With Panama free, the door was open for the Americans to
continue building a canal, which would save 18,000 miles on a trip from San Francisco to New York and
open trade in the Pacific realm.
Once the U.S. was able to get its hands on the area, the next immediate obstacle became a geological
one. While the verdant hills of Panama looked benign enough, the diversity and makeup of the underlying
sediment made it an engineering nightmare. Initially, landslides regularly destroyed weeks or even months
of digging and construction as they did to the French. Yet, in a stroke or two of engineering brilliance,
through the implementation of a system of dams, this issue was reduced and all but alleviated. Also, as the
tidal levels of the Pacific and Atlantic were vastly different, a new canal system, unlike the sea-level canal
attempted by the French, had to be erected. The American engineers decided to install a system of locks to
raise and lower ships to the designated sea level. This way in which they were able to manipulate water
helped the Americans overcome the tough geological conditions which had thwarted the French.
Once completed, the Panama Canal stretched for fifty-one miles across Central America, connecting
the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans by sheer human ingenuity and patience. The canal opened endless new
possibilities for trade and commerce between Asia and the Americans, which still exist today. But the canal
did not come about without severe difficulties and tragedy. It took two countries two separate attempts and
over twenty years of backbreaking labor to achieve. One of these countries, France, had to pack up and go
home in failure. The other, the United States, could relish the milestone it had achieved. Still, in the end,
over thirty thousand men lost their lives directly or indirectly in the building of the Panama Canal, which
proves once and for all what a monumental task it truly was, especially for the age in which it was
attempted.
76. The word perseverance in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. determination
B. procrastination
C. cooperation
D. precision
77. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the Panama Canal?
A. It was finally completed in the first decade of the twentieth century.
B. The United States and France worked in unison on its construction.
C. The original construction of the canal faced few difficult issues.
D. The United States eventually purchased the project from France.
78. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the Americans?
A. They tried to prevent the laborers from deserting the construction sites.
B. They destroyed the dense jungle first to eliminate any form of disease.
C. They were able to learn from the shortcomings that had affected France.
D. They were not prepared for the punishing climate in Central America.
79. According to paragraph 3, politics became a problem because
A. Roosevelt was not aggressive enough when dealing with the canal
B. the presence of the U.S. military frightened many of the workers
C. Panama wished to remain a territory of the country of Colombia
D. Colombia did not wish to give up the right to the land for the canal
80. In stating that Roosevelt did not press the issue, the author means that Roosevelt did not
A. care about the canal
B. want to force the project
C. resort to the media
D. wish to abandon his goal
81. The author discusses the geological obstacle in paragraph 4 in order to
A. note the natural beauty of Panama, which was destroyed by the canal's construction
B. suggest that the workers had to spend a lot of time and effort on reconstruction
C. contrast the geological issues with the oceanic ones the engineers of the project faced
 D. show how landslides were more of a problem for the French than they were for the Americans.
82. The word thwarted in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. defeated
B. protected
C. frustrated
D. destroyed
83. According to paragraph 5, the completion of the Panama Canal
A. created a forty-one-mile link between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
B. helped allow for greater economic benefit between the East and West
C. took much longer than original planned by the first French engineers
D. resulted from the United States having better funding than the French
84. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the
passage?
A. Tens of thousands of men died during the construction of the Panama Canal.
B. Though the project caused many fatalities, it stands as a lofty achievement.
C. The Panama Canal could have been completed later with less loss of life.
D. Men were killed on the job and by residual effects such as disease and injury
85. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of the construction of the Panama Canal?
A. It helped shave thousands and thousands of miles from trips between the eastern and western
United States.
B. it incorporated dams to accelerate the construction process, which helped to make it successful.
C. It was able to proceed when Panama decided to fight for freedom against Colombia.
D. It was easier to achieve because of the similar tidal levels of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.

Part 4. Reading the following passage and answer questions 86 – 105.

Moles happy as homes go underground
A. The first anybody knew about Dutchman Frank Siegmund and his family was when workmen tramping
through a field found a narrow steel chimney protruding through the grass. Closer inspection revealed a
chink of sky-light window among the thistles, and when amazed investigators moved down the side of the
hill they came across a pine door complete with leaded diamond glass and a brass knocker set into an
underground building. The Siegmunds had managed to live undetected for six years outside the border town
of Breda, in Holland. They are the latest in a clutch of individualistic homemakers who have burrowed
underground in search of tranquility.
B. Most, falling foul of strict building regulations, has been forced to dismantle their individualistic homes
and return to more conventional lifestyles. But subterranean suburbia, Dutch-style, is about to become
respectable and chic. Seven luxury homes cosseted away inside a high earth-covered noise embankment next
to the main Tilburg city road recently went on the market for $296,500 each. The foundations had yet to be
dug, but customers queued up to buy the unusual part-submerged houses, whose back wall consists of a
grassy mound and whose front is a long glass gallery.
C. The Dutch are not the only would - be moles. Growing numbers of Europeans are burrowing below
ground to create houses, offices, discos and shopping malls. It is already proving a way of life in extreme
climates; in winter months in Montreal, Canada, for instance, citizens can escape the cold in an underground
complex complete with shops and even health clinics. In Tokyo builders are planning a massive
underground city to be begun in the next decade, and underground shopping malls are already common in
Japan, where 90 percent of the population is squeezed into 20 percent of the land space.
D. Building big commercial buildings underground can be a way to avoid disfiguring or threatening a
beautiful or “environmentally sensitive” landscape. Indeed many of the buildings which consume most land
- such as cinemas, supermarkets, theatres, warehouses or libraries - have no need to be on the surface since
they do not need windows.
E. There are big advantages, too, when it comes to private homes. A development of 194 houses which
would take up 14 hectares of land above ground would occupy 2.7 hectares below it, while the number of
roads would be halved. Under several metres of earth, noise is minimal and insulation is excellent. “We get
40 to 50 enquiries a week,” says Peter Carpenter, secretary of the British Earth Sheltering Association,
which builds 65 similar homes in Britain. “People see this as a way of building for the future.” An
underground dweller himself, Carpenter has never paid a heating bill, thanks to solar panels and natural
insulation.
F. In Europe, the obstacle has been conservative local authorities and developers who prefer to ensure quick
sales with conventional mass produced housing. But the Dutch development was greeted with undisguised
relief by South Limburg planners because of Holland’s chronic shortage of land. It was the Tilburg architect
Jo Hurkmans who hit on the idea of making use of noise embankments on main roads. His two - floored,
four - bedroomed, two - bathroomed detached homes are now taking shape. “They are not so much below
the earth as in it,” he says. “All the light will come through the glass front, which runs from the second floor
ceiling to the ground. Areas which do not need much natural lighting are at the back. The living
accommodation is to the front so nobody notices that the back is dark.”
G. In the US, where energy-efficient homes became popular after the oil crisis of 1973, 10,000 underground
houses have been built. A terrace of five homes, Britain’s first subterranean development, is under way in
Nottinghamshire. Italy’s outstanding example of subterranean architecture is the Olivetti residential centre in
Ivrea. Commissioned by Roberto Olivetti in 1969, it comprises 82 one-bedroomed apartments and 12
marionettes and forms a house/ hotel for Olivetti employees. It is built into a hill and little can be seen from
outside except a glass facade. Patnzia Vallecchi, a resident since 1992, says it is little different from living in
a conventional apartment.
H. Not everyone adapts so well, and in Japan scientists at the Shimizu Corporation have developed “space
creation” systems which mix light, sounds, breezes and scents to stimulate people who spend long periods
below ground. Underground offices in Japan are being equipped with “virtual” windows and mirrors, while
underground departments in the University of Minnesota have periscopes to reflect views and light.
I. But Frank Siegmund and his family love their hobbit lifestyle. Their home evolved when he dug a cool
room for his bakery business in a hill he had created. During a heatwave they took to sleeping there. “We
felt at peace and so close to nature,” he says. “Gradually I began adding to the rooms. It sounds strange but
we are so close to the earth we draw strength from its vibrations. Our children love it; not every child can
boast of being watched through their playroom windows by rabbits.
Questions 86 - 93. Reading Passage has nine paragraphs (A-I). Choose the most suitable heading for
each paragraph from the list of headings below. Paragraph A has been done for you as an example.
There are more headings than paragraphs so you will not use all of them.
List of Headings
i. A designer describes his houses
ii. Most people prefer conventional housing
iii. Simulating a natural environment
iv. How an underground family home developed
v. Demands on space and energy are reduced
vi. The plans for future homes
vii. Worldwide examples of underground living accommodation
viii. Some buildings do not require natural light
ix. Developing underground services around the world
x. Underground living improves health
xi. Homes sold before completion
xii. An underground home is discovered
Example Answer: Paragraph A Answer xii
86. Paragraph B ….
87. Paragraph C ….
88. Paragraph D ….
89. Paragraph E ….
90. Paragraph F ….
91. Paragraph G ….
92. Paragraph H ….
93. Paragraph I ….
Questions 94 – 95.
Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage. Use NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS for each answer.
94. Many developers prefer mass-produced houses because they _____________________.
95. The Dutch development was welcomed by ______________________.
Part 7:
You are going to read an article about various birds in Britain. For questions 47-56, choose from the
sections of the article (A-D). The sections may be chosen more than once.

Of which bird are the following stated?

47 Further attempts to increase its numbers were made once initial attempts had proved successful.

48 Its population growth is a reflection of how tough it is.

49 There is statistical evidence to support the view that it is a very popular bird.

50 There was a particular period when its population plummeted.

51 A criticism could be made of its physical appearance.

52 A common perception of it has proved inaccurate.

53 Growth in its numbers has been much more gradual than desired.

54 There is reason to believe that its progress in a particular region will be maintained.

55 Measures taken in the running of a certain type of countryside have assisted in the growth of its
population.

56 Even though its population has fallen, it can frequently be seen in various particular locations.

WINGED WINNERS AND LOSERS

Birds in Britain come under scrutiny in a massive new study, Birds Britannica. A record of the avian
community in the 21st century, it reveals a continually evolving pattern. Mark Cocker, the principal author
of the tome, selects some cases.

A Red Kite
The red kite’s recent rise from a mere handful to several thousands is among the great stories of modern
conservation. Testimony to its flagship status is a recent Royal Society for the Protection of Birds poll which
ranked it with the golden eagle and song thrush in the nation’s list of favourite birds. The dramatic spread
has hinged on a reintroduction scheme at six sites in England and Scotland using kites originally taken from
Spain and Sweden. The English releases began in the Chilterns in 1989 and when these had achieved a
healthy population, subsequent introductions were made in Northamptonshire and Yorkshire using mainly
English birds. The Scottish releases in the 1980s and 1990s have resulted in populations totalling more than
50 pairs. Altogether there are now about 3,000 kites in Britain

B Dartford Warbler
European countries as well as the north African littoral, and has the smallest world range of any of our
breeding birds. It is also a highly sedentary bird and a major cause of decline is its great susceptibility to the
cold. The worst case occurred in the two successive hard winters of 1961 and 1962 when the numbers fell
from 450 pairs to just 10. Memories of this calamitous decrease, coupled with the bird’s own tiny size and
seeming delicacy, have cemented our sense of an overarching vulnerability. It is one of the best British
examples where a species’ local rarity has been assumed to equal almost constitutional weakness. All the
caution is perfectly understandable as an expression of our protective instincts towards a much-loved bird.
Yet it sits oddly with the warbler’s continuing rise and expansion to a population of 1,925 pairs by the year
2000. It has undoubtedly been helped by mild winters as well as the intensive management and protection of
England’s lowland heath. Yet the Dartford Warbler’s recent history illustrates how easy it is to
underestimate the resilience of a small rare bird.

C White-tailed Eagle
It is difficult to judge which is the more exciting conservation achievement – the reintroduction of this
magnificent bird or of red kites. By wingspan and weight, this is the largest eagle in Europe and one of the
biggest of all birds in Britain. However, if the species itself is on a grand scale, the size of the reintroduced
population is tiny and the pace of increase agonizingly slow. The project involved a remarkable team effort
by various UK environmental groups, as well as the Norwegian conservationists who organized the capture
of the donated birds. Between 1975 and 1985, they released 82 eagles (39 males and 43 females) from a
special holding area on the Inner Hebridean island of Rhum. Eight were later recovered dead, but in 1983
came the first breeding attempt.

Two years later, a pair of white-tailed eagles produced the first British-born chick in 69 years and every
subsequent breeding season has seen a small incremental improvement. There is now an established
breeding nucleus spread between the islands of Skye and Mull as well as the adjacent mainland, and their
recent history suggests that the white-tailed eagle’s increase will continue throughout north-west Scotland.

D Spotted Flycatcher
Even the greatest fans of this lovely bird, with its mouse-grey upper parts and whitish breast and belly,
would have to admit that it is rather drab. They have no more than a thin, squeaky, small song. However,
spotted flycatchers compensate with enormous character.

They are adept at catching large species such as day-flying moths, butterflies, bees and wasps, whose stings
they remove by thrashing the victim against the perch. Their specialized diet means that they are among the
latest spring migrants to return and are now in serious decline because of half a century of pesticide use. In
the past 25 years, their numbers have declined by almost 80 per cent, but they are still sufficiently numerous
(155,000 pairs) to be familiar and are often birds of large gardens, churchyards or around farm buildings.
Part 8: Rewrite the sentences in such a way that they mean almost the same as the sentences printed
before them.
1. The board had a secret meeting in order to discuss changes in company policy. (DOORS)
………………………………………………………………………….
2. Peter was in trouble with his boss because he didn’t finish an important project by the deadline.(HOT)
……………………………………………………………………
3. She told everyone that she had been fired by the company. (SACK)
She let…………………………………………………………
4. Should there be a problem, contact us at all costs. (LINE)
In the ……………………………………………………………
5. Although the manager is sluggish, he is a smooth speaker. (GIFT)
Sluggish …………………………………………………………………
6. Thomas was not given details of the company’s new projects. DARK
………………………………………………………………………………
7. In the area, Thailand is much better than all other countries in football. SHOULDERS
………………………………………………………………………………
8. I’m afraid our problems are just beginning. ICEBERG
………………………………………………………………………………
9. The final version of the plan was quite different from the initial draft. RESEMBLANCE
…………………………………………………………………………
10. I expected the film to be good, but it wasn’t at all. LIVE
...........................................................................................................

KEY
Phần 1:
I. You will hear a radio interview with the gardening experts Jed and Helena Stone. Listen and
indicate the most appropriate response, A, B, C, or D.
Interviewer: Jed Stone's best known now for his talented as a garden designer - but he and his wife Helena
ran a highly successful jewellery business in the nineteen nineties, which brought them fame
and high living. Then they lost it all and some years later, bought a derelict house which they
renovated and now together they've created a garden. They join me in the studio today. You
do seem to do most things in partnership, like the jewellery business, but using Jed's name.
Why's that? Helena?
Helena: Well, this is a bit of a bone of contention, actually. We have a friend in PR who said, "You
have a great name, Jed Stone. People would pay a fortune for such a good name." But, sadly,
at the time, it never crossed my mind that I wouldn't get the credit for what we do, and that
does get to me sometimes - but, there again, I'm very bad at putting myself forward. People
see Jed as a figurehead, which is fine, actually, because I don't enjoy being recognized or get
any thrill out of that, whereas Jed loves it.
Interviewer: Is that right, Jed?
Jed: Obviously, I'd love to say, "No, I don't," but yeah, I do. Even as a child, I thought it must be
marvelous to walk down a street and have people know who you were. Ironically, that's the
worst of it now. It would be nice just to go and buy a paper without somebody saying
something. But I suppose I do like being a public figure. It gives me a sense that I've done
something people appreciate. It doesn't stop me doing anything, but it does modify how I do
it.
Interviewer: But Helena, you did appear on our television screens briefly as a presenter on The Travel
Show. That must have been a dream job, travelling around the world?
Helena: Actually, I thought I was being heroic taking that job. I'd actually rather have gone down a
coal mine. It was ironic really, because Jed adores travelling, whilst I hate it. The timing was
critical though; I mean, we were living in this derelict house. We'd knocked huge holes in the
walls to make windows and we could hardly afford to get the job finished and I wanted to be
there when it was done. So I genuinely didn't want to do the job they were offering, but I felt
I had no choice because, apart from anything else, it would provide us with a reasonable
income.
Interviewer: So what about this jewel garden? Did you have a clear idea of what you wanted to do when
you bought the house?
Jed: Not at all. In fact, we were provoked into action. I was giving a lecture on gardening and I
was including some snaps of our own wilderness to show what certain plans looked like. But
these photos hadn't loaded onto my laptop properly, and you couldn't see a thing. So I started
to make it up - describing this jewel garden with magical colours - It came straight out of my
imagination, it hadn't been a long-term plan or anything. Anyway, as soon as I'd finished,
these journalists came rushing up saying, "We must come and take pictures of your jewel
garden." And I heard myself replying, "Fine, but come when the colours are good, don't
come now." To cut a long story short, we had make the jewel garden before they came, and
actually, we did ninety per cent of the work that summer. That was out incentive!
Interviewer: And why did you call it a "jewel garden"? Having read about the disasters with the jewellery
business, one would have thought you wouldn't want the word "jewel" in your house at all.
Helena: Well, I'd like to work on projects and if you have a project where you're thinking only of
jewel colours then that starts to limit you, and design is all about reduction. Really it was just
a good, positive way of tackling what plants we were putting in, and the way we were going
to design the garden, wasn't it, Jed?
Jed: Yeah. But for me it was also partly a metaphor, it's making something worthwhile out of a
failure. We did spend years doing the jewellery and it wasn't all disastrous; there were good
things about it too and we wanted to salvage them and treasure them. It seemed a waste not
to take that bit of our lives and to somehow incorporate it into our new design venture - to
take the bad experience and use it in a creative way.
Interviewer: Jed and Helena, thank you for telling us about it today.

II. For questions 11 - 15, you will hear the historian, George Davies, talking about society and the
theatre in England in the time of William Shakespeare. Decide whether the following statements are
true (T) or false (F).
You now have one minute to look at Part Two.
Interviewer: We welcome today professor George Davies from the University of Wales. Professor Davies
is an expert on society in sixteenth-century England, the time of Queen Elizabeth the First
and, of course, Shakespeare. So how would you categorize society at that time, Professor?
Professor: Well, it was certainly a society undergoing dramatic changes in which there was an
explosion of interest in the language, even though the printed word hadn't become
universally available. We don't quite know exactly how many people could read and write
but literacy would not have extended to all levels of society. Some historians call it an
illiterate society, but that seems rather pejorative. No, the best way of putting it, in my view,
is to refer to it as a pre-literate society, like most societies that have ever been on planet. In
fact our society, in which we tend to expect everybody to be literate, is the one which is out
of step.
Interviewer: So how did this pre-literacy affect ability to communicate at that time?
Professor: What it meant was that the prime form of communication was direct speech, face to face,
which means communication involving the body, the stance, the distance between people. It
also meant that people were much more finely tuned to the spoken word, they could take in
more of it, they could listen in a more acute way. It's therefore quite natural that the art form
which corresponds to that particular situation should be drama.
Interviewer: One thing that has always puzzled me is where did the actors in the sixteenth century learn
their craft? Were there any drama schools then?
Professor: Well, Shakespeare's actors, the boys and the older men in his company, didn't actually have
any acting training before they joined his company. You see, in Shakespeare's day you
learned your school work by repeating it out loud all day long. The arts of oratory and
rhetoric were part of your normal education and they were also the means by which you
learned. So they had wonderful voice training, which enabled them to develop an individual
style.
Interviewer: I've always thought of the Elizabethan society as one that revelled in its voice, that at its heart
delighted in giving voice to words. Would that be correct?
Professor: I would certainly think that the atmosphere in the average theatre of the time would surprise
us today. I believe it would sound and feel more like a present day football ground! In a
modern theatre there's a sort of reverential hush as the darkness descends and we feel, you
know, that we're in some sort of temple devoted to the worship of great art. But then, the
atmosphere would have been much noisier. Remember Shakespeare and his contemporaries
had theatres which were open to the sky, and so the noise of the city, the shout of the street
sellers, the neighing of horses and so forth would add to and mix with the sounds of the stage
and indeed, in my view, would comment on them.
Interviewer: So, in the same way, this was not a world for the shy or the softly spoken?
Professor: Not at all. People's voices in the sixteenth century, it seems to me, wouldn't have been geared
to the exchange of intimate revelations about the self. This is a notion of speaking that is a
twentieth-century concept, as is our notion that a play should give you the intimate, personal
feelings of the author or of a character on the stage. Then, art was largely about external
issues, how a country should be governed, how one should deal with rebellion, questions of
that order.
Interviewer: Fascinating, Professor. I'd like at this point to bring in another speaker who is going to tell us
about Elizabethan court life and how Shakespeare......

III. For questions 16 - 25, listen to a piece of VOA news about the huge increase in obesity and fill in
the missing information.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the spaces
provided.
You now have one minute to look at Part Three.

Globally, one in three adults is now considered overweight or obese. In 1980 it was one in five.
The Future Diets report analyzed existing data and found the (11) steepest rise has been in developing
nations like Mexico and Egypt, where people are spending their increasing (12) disposable incomes on fatty
sugary foods. Numbers almost quadrupled from 250 million to (13) 904 million.
 The report also said that western countries which (14) have been dealing with the obesity problem for
longer have so far failed to (15) tackle it effectively.
It highlighted a more successful (16) mass campaign in South Korea to train women how to prepare
traditional (17) low-fat meals.
The report suggests following the example of some American states in taxing things like
(18) fizzy drinks and sugary sweets. It also warns if current global trends continue, there will be a huge
increase in (19) heart attacks, strokes and (20) diabetes.
Phần 2:
Part 1 : A
31. My fingers are tired! I’ve been hammering away __________ this keyboard for hours.
B. on B. at C. onto D. in
Đáp án: B
Hammer away at = work without stopping and with a lot of effort
32. There tactics were strongly influenced by reliance on line formation and fire-power, as against
attack__________ close quarters.
B. in B. on C. to. D. at
Đáp án: D
at close quarters/range=(from) a short distance away
33. His jokes seemed to be going __________ very well with his audience, if their laughter was
any indication.
B. off B. along C. by D. down
Đáp án: D
Go down with =suy nhược, tìm kiếm sự chấp thuận
34. The communist government has resigned __________ the background of the widespread
social unrest.
B. against B. from C. to D. as
Đáp án: A
35. The prisoner was recaptured as he made a dash__________ the gate.
A. at B. to C. for D. from
Đáp án: C
Make a dash for = lao thẳng về phía và,nơi đâu
36. I __________ a small fortune when my uncle died but I managed to squander most of it. I’m
ashamed to say.
B. came into B. came about C. came round to D. came down with
Đáp án: A
Came into= thừa kế tài sản
37. At the meeting someone __________ the idea that there should be a student representative on
the committee.
A. put forward B. put across C. put about D. put out
Đáp án: A
Put forward = đề xuất ý kiến,ý tưởng,giải pháp,lý thuyết ...
38. Do you have trouble obtaining your copy of Teacher’s Weekly? Why not __________ a
regular subscription and be sure of receiving each edition as soon as it’s published?
A. Take over B. take out C. take on D. take to
Đáp án: B
Take out = có được một tài liệu hay dịch vụ chính thức//đăng ký dịch vụ
39. He originally __________ to beat the land speed record, but weather conditions were
unfavourable.
A. Set to B. set in C. set up D. set out
Đáp án: D
Set out = start an activity with a particular aim
40. The job itself is well paid and interesting, but commuting to the City every day really
__________me _________
A.gets_ down B. gets_ round C. gets- for D. gets- from
Đáp án: A
get sb down=If something gets you down, it makes you feel unhappy or depressed.:
B.31. The waiter tried to be friendly to his customers but a ___________ can't change its spots and he was
still very rude.
A. leopard B. lion C. cheetah D. wolf
Đáp án: A
A leopard can't change its spots= giang sơn dễ đổi,bản tính khó dời
32. Denise has been ___________ the midnight oil trying to finish this report, so she must be exhausted.
A. lighting B. brightening C. burning D. burnt
Đáp án: C
Burn the midnight oil= thức khuya làm việc, nghiên cứu, học bài...
33. For some peculiar ___________, they didn’t tell us they were going away.
A. cause B. effect C. justification D. reason
Đáp án: D
for peculiar reason= vì một số lý do đặc biệt
34. Monsoon Wedding was described as a cinematic jewel when it hit the _____________ screen.
A. golden B. silver C. bronze D. diamond
Đáp án: B
The silver screen" = màn hình bạc -> nghĩa là rạp chiếu phim, ngành công nghiệp điện ảnh.
35. How much to tell terminally ill patients is ______________ the discretion of the doctor.
A. leaving to B. left to C. led to D. lead to
Đáp án: B
leave to the discretion of= to give (someone) the right to choose (something in a particular situation)
36. The British prime minister is too apt to cling to Washington’s ____________ strings.
A. apron B. violin C. heart D. taut
Đáp án: A
apron strings=The extent to which someone controls, influences, or monitors someone else, especially
parents in relation to their children
37. After I was nearly expelled in my first year of college, I decided to stop fooling around, put my
____________ to the wheel, and get as much out of my degree as I could.
A. shoulder B. arms C. shoulders D. leg
Đáp án: A
Put one’s shoulder to the wheel =to begin to work very hard=gắng sức thực hiện nhiệm vụ
38. Trying to find her way home through the woods in the dead of night, Sarah lost her ___________ when
the clouds obscured the stars overhead.
A. bearings B. rag C. heart D. marbles
Đáp án: A
lose (one's) bearings=To lose sight of or become unable to determine one's orientation, position, or abilities
relative to one's surroundings or situation.
39. I was struggling with the reading before, but now I’ve definitely _________________________.
A. get the wrong end of the stick B. got hold of the wrong end of the stick
C. got the wrong end of the steel D. get hold of the wrong end of the steel
Đáp án: B
got hold of the wrong end of the stick= hiểu nhầm
40. Cubans who reach the U.S. are usually _______________ asylum.
A. protested B. protected C. found D. granted
Đáp án: D
Part 2
Line Mistakes Corrections
1. 3 formerly former
2. 4 earthy earthly
3. 5 ever Even
4. 7 with of
5. 9 as x
6. 10 drawn draw
7. 11 it there
8. 14 and but
9. 15 Man mankind
 10. 13 Institution Institute

Part 3:
Public opinion polls show that crime is (1) _____ as one of the most serious problems of many societies.
Yet, penetrating studies have revealed that the amount of violent crime is (2) _____. Our peculiar awareness
and fear is largely brought about by the great attention it is (3) _____ in the mass media and also because of
violent crime being a popular theme for television series and films.
Among all crimes, murder makes the (4) _____ and there is little doubt that homicides still continue to be a
(5) _____ question in a number of countries. The various causes of severe crime are being constantly ( 6)
_____ and innumerable reasons for it are being pointed out. Among these are unemployment, drug ( 7)
_____, inadequate police enforcement, ineffective courts, racial discrimination, television and the general
decline in social values.
An acknowledged fact is that this is mainly poverty that (8) _____ crime. Individuals incapable of securing
for themselves and their families the rudimentary means of living unavoidably (9) _____ to stealing,
burgling or committing other offences. We may try to explain crime on different (10) _____ - cultural,
economic, psychological, but criminologists are still far from detecting the exact source of violent offences
as the direct link between these particular factors isn’t possible to specify.
1. A. believed B. viewed C. alleged D. thought
Be viewed as: đc xem như là
2. A. outspoken B. overestimated C. presupposed D. upgraded
Overestimated: estimate (something) to be better, larger, or more important than it really is.
3. A. granted B. awarded C. devoted D. entrusted
Devote: give all or a large part of one's time or resources to (a person, activity, or cause)
4. A. headlines B. titles C. captions D. broadcast
Make the headlines: To be featured on the headlines of news articles, as due to being particularly important,
popular, fashionable, et
5. A. lasting B. obstructing C. nagging D. contending
Nagging question: câu hỏi dai dẳng
6. A. debated B. conversed C. conflicted D. articulated
7. A. escalation B. abuse C. maltreatment D. disuse
Drug abuse: làm dụng thuốc phiện
8. A. rears B. nurtures C. breeds D. urges
breed crime: góp phần hình thành nên tội phạm
9. A. turn B. take C. gear D. bring
Take to stealing: chống trộm
10. A. motives B. arguments C. reasons D. grounds

On diferent grounds: trên nhiềucơ sở, lĩnh vực khác nhau

Part 4:
1. that 2. more 3. otherwise 4. from 5. beyond
6. with 7. how 8. in 9. yet 10. however

Part 5
76. A 77. D 78. C 79. D 80. B
81. B 82. C 83. B 84. B 85. D
THE PANAMA CANAL
While the Panama Canal continues to stand as one of the greatest human achievements in history, its
locks and canals were not built overnight. Its ultimate completion in 1914 was the result of decades of
planning, preparation, and construction, not to mention loss of human life. Two countries, France and the
United States, were the main players in its construction, and both faced numerous hardships during the
project, so many hardships that France, the instigator of the project, eventually had to sell out to the US., the
country that finally completed the canal. Still, the United States faced a trio of major hurdles that threatened
its completion. These obstacles were political, environmental, and geographical. Yet, through perseverance
and will, the United States was ultimately able to create the canal, a vital link between the Pacific and
Atlantic Oceans.
 One of the major reasons France had to abandon the Panama Canal project was that it underestimated
the environs of the local area. The region of Panama within which the French worked was a dense, tropical
jungle. Intense heat and humidity did not help their situation either. Before long, many workers began to
succumb to diseases like yellow fever and malaria. Proper measures were not taken to reduce their exposure
and vulnerability, and many died as the workforce and the project as a whole suffered greatly. However,
once the Americans took over the canal project, they immediately implemented better living conditions and
infrastructure for the workforce, including better healthcare facilities. With a stronger workforce and more
extensive healthcare system in place, the Americans stood a better chance of completing the project than the
French ever did.
But, before The United States could continue with the canal project the French had begun, it had to
receive permission from Colombia. At the time, Panama was within the borders of the country of Colombia.
President Theodore Roosevelt offered the Colombian government ten million dollars, which it immediately
rejected. Ever patient, Roosevelt did not press the issue, and before long, the Panamanians revolted against
Colombia for independence. This gave Roosevelt the opportunity he had been waiting for. He immediately
sent in a substantial military presence to the area to guarantee Panama's independence and to ensure the
future construction of the Panama Canal. With Panama free, the door was open for the Americans to
continue building a canal, which would save 18,000 miles on a trip from San Francisco to New York and
open trade in the Pacific realm.
Once the U.S. was able to get its hands on the area, the next immediate obstacle became a geological
one. While the verdant hills of Panama looked benign enough, the diversity and makeup of the underlying
sediment made it an engineering nightmare. Initially, landslides regularly destroyed weeks or even months
of digging and construction as they did to the French. Yet, in a stroke or two of engineering brilliance,
through the implementation of a system of dams, this issue was reduced and all but alleviated. Also, as the
tidal levels of the Pacific and Atlantic were vastly different, a new canal system, unlike the sea-level canal
attempted by the French, had to be erected. The American engineers decided to install a system of locks to
raise and lower ships to the designated sea level. This way in which they were able to manipulate water
helped the Americans overcome the tough geological conditions which had thwarted the French.
Once completed, the Panama Canal stretched for fifty-one miles across Central America, connecting
the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans by sheer human ingenuity and patience. The canal opened endless new
possibilities for trade and commerce between Asia and the Americans, which still exist today. But the canal
did not come about without severe difficulties and tragedy. It took two countries two separate attempts and
over twenty years of backbreaking labor to achieve. One of these countries, France, had to pack up and go
home in failure. The other, the United States, could relish the milestone it had achieved. Still, in the end,
over thirty thousand men lost their lives directly or indirectly in the building of the Panama Canal, which
proves once and for all what a monumental task it truly was, especially for the age in which it was
attempted.
76. The word perseverance in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. determination
B. procrastination
C. cooperation
D. precision
Perseverance=determination= sự bền chí,quyết tâm
77. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the Panama Canal?
A. It was finally completed in the first decade of the twentieth century.
B. The United States and France worked in unison on its construction.
C. The original construction of the canal faced few difficult issues.
D. The United States eventually purchased the project from France.
77. Theo đoạn 1, điều nào sau đây là đúng với kênh đào Pa-na-ma?
A. Cuối cùng nó đã được hoàn thành vào thập kỷ đầu tiên của thế kỷ XX.
B. Hoa Kỳ và Pháp đã đồng tâm hiệp lực xây dựng.
C. Việc xây dựng kênh đào ban đầu gặp một số vấn đề khó khăn.
D. Cuối cùng Hoa Kỳ đã mua dự án từ Pháp.
Clue: Two countries, France and the United States, were the main players in its construction, and both faced
numerous hardships during the project, so many hardships that France, the instigator of the project,
eventually had to sell out to the US., the country that finally completed the canal
Hai quốc gia Pháp và Mỹ là những người đóng vai trò chính trong việc xây dựng nó, và cả hai đã phải đối
mặt với muôn vàn khó khăn trong quá trình thực hiện dự án, nhiều gian khổ đến nỗi Pháp, kẻ chủ mưu của
dự án, cuối cùng phải bán cho Mỹ, nước cuối cùng đã hoàn thành kênh đào.
78. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the Americans?
A. They tried to prevent the laborers from deserting the construction sites.
B. They destroyed the dense jungle first to eliminate any form of disease.
C. They were able to learn from the shortcomings that had affected France.
D. 78. Điều nào sau đây có thể được suy ra từ đoạn 2 về người Mỹ?
A. Họ đã cố gắng ngăn cản những người lao động bỏ trốn khỏi các công trường xây dựng.
B. Họ đã phá hủy khu rừng rậm rạp trước để loại bỏ mọi dạng bệnh tật.
C. Họ đã có thể học hỏi từ những thiếu sót đã ảnh hưởng đến nước Pháp.
D. Họ không được chuẩn bị cho khí hậu khắc nghiệt ở Trung Mỹ. They were not prepared for the punishing
climate in Central America.
Clue: However, once the Americans took over the canal project, they immediately implemented better living
conditions and infrastructure for the workforce, including better healthcare facilities. With a stronger
workforce and more extensive healthcare system in place, the Americans stood a better chance of
completing the project than the French ever did.
uy nhiên, một khi người Mỹ tiếp quản dự án kênh đào, họ ngay lập tức thực hiện các điều kiện sống và cơ sở
hạ tầng tốt hơn cho lực lượng lao động, bao gồm cả các cơ sở chăm sóc sức khỏe tốt hơn. Với lực lượng lao
động mạnh hơn và hệ thống chăm sóc sức khỏe phong phú hơn, người Mỹ có cơ hội hoàn thành dự án cao
hơn người Pháp từng làm
79. According to paragraph 3, politics became a problem because
A. Roosevelt was not aggressive enough when dealing with the canal
B. the presence of the U.S. military frightened many of the workers
C. Panama wished to remain a territory of the country of Colombia
D. Colombia did not wish to give up the right to the land for the canal
79. Theo đoạn 3, chính trị trở thành một vấn đề vì
A. Roosevelt không đủ quyết liệt khi đối phó với kênh đào
B. sự hiện diện của quân đội Hoa Kỳ khiến nhiều công nhân sợ hãi
C. Panama mong muốn vẫn là một lãnh thổ của đất nước Colombia
D. Cô-lôm-bi-a không muốn từ bỏ quyền sở hữu kênh đào
Clue: But, before The United States could continue with the canal project the French had begun, it had to
receive permission from Colombia. At the time, Panama was within the borders of the country of Colombia.
President Theodore Roosevelt offered the Colombian government ten million dollars, which it immediately
rejected.
Tuy nhiên, trước khi Hoa Kỳ có thể tiếp tục với dự án kênh đào mà người Pháp đã bắt đầu, họ phải nhận
được sự cho phép của Colombia. Vào thời điểm đó, Panama nằm trong biên giới của Colombia. Tổng thống
Theodore Roosevelt đề nghị chính phủ Colombia 10 triệu đô la, nhưng chính phủ này ngay lập tức từ chối.
80. In stating that Roosevelt did not press the issue, the author means that Roosevelt did not
A. care about the canal
B. want to force the project
C. resort to the media
D. wish to abandon his goal
80. Khi nói rằng Roosevelt không nhấn mạnh vấn đề, tác giả có nghĩa là Roosevelt đã không
A. quan tâm đến kênh đào
B. muốn cưỡng đoạt dự án
C. nhờ đến các phương tiện truyền thông
D. muốn từ bỏ mục tiêu của mình
Clue: Ever patient, Roosevelt did not press the issue, and before long, the Panamanians revolted against
Colombia for independence. This gave Roosevelt the opportunity he had been waiting for. He immediately
sent in a substantial military presence to the area to guarantee Panama's independence and to ensure the
future construction of the Panama Canal
Luôn kiên nhẫn, Roosevelt không nhấn mạnh vấn đề này, và chẳng bao lâu sau, người Panama nổi dậy
chống lại Colombia để giành độc lập. Điều này đã mang lại cho Roosevelt cơ hội mà anh hằng mong đợi.
Ông ngay lập tức cử một sự hiện diện quân sự đáng kể đến khu vực để đảm bảo sự độc lập của Panama và
đảm bảo việc xây dựng Kênh đào Panama trong tương lai.
81. The author discusses the geological obstacle in paragraph 4 in order to
A. note the natural beauty of Panama, which was destroyed by the canal's construction
B. suggest that the workers had to spend a lot of time and effort on reconstruction
C. contrast the geological issues with the oceanic ones the engineers of the project faced
D. show how landslides were more of a problem for the French than they were for the Americans.
81. Tác giả thảo luận về trở ngại địa chất trong đoạn 4 để
A. lưu ý vẻ đẹp tự nhiên của Panama, nơi đã bị phá hủy bởi việc xây dựng kênh đào
B. gợi ý rằng công nhân đã phải dành nhiều thời gian và công sức để tái xây dựng
C. đối chiếu các vấn đề địa chất với các vấn đề đại dương mà các kỹ sư của dự án phải đối mặt
D. cho thấy lở đất là một vấn đề đối với người Pháp hơn là đối với người Mỹ.
Clue: While the verdant hills of Panama looked benign enough, the diversity and makeup of the underlying
sediment made it an engineering nightmare. nitially, landslides regularly destroyed weeks or even months of
digging and construction as they did to the French...................................
Trong khi những ngọn đồi xanh tươi ở Panama trông đủ lành tính, sự đa dạng và cấu tạo của lớp trầm tích
bên dưới đã khiến nó trở thành một cơn ác mộng về kỹ thuật. Ban đầu, các trận lở đất thường xuyên phá hủy
hàng tuần hoặc thậm chí hàng tháng việc đào và xây dựng như đối với người Pháp.

82. The word thwarted in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. defeated
B. protected
C. frustrated
D. destroyed
Thwarted =frustrated = cản trở
83. According to paragraph 5, the completion of the Panama Canal
A. created a forty-one-mile link between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
B. helped allow for greater economic benefit between the East and West
C. took much longer than original planned by the first French engineers
D. resulted from the United States having better funding than the French
Clue: The canal opened endless new possibilities for trade and commerce between Asia and the Americans,
which still exist today
Kênh đào đã mở ra những khả năng mới vô tận cho giao thương và thương mại giữa châu Á và người Mỹ,
vẫn tồn tại cho đến ngày nay.
84. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the
passage?
A. Tens of thousands of men died during the construction of the Panama Canal.
B. Though the project caused many fatalities, it stands as a lofty achievement.
C. The Panama Canal could have been completed later with less loss of life.
D. Men were killed on the job and by residual effects such as disease and injury
84. Câu nào dưới đây diễn đạt đúng nhất thông tin cần thiết trong câu được tô sáng trong đoạn văn?
A. Hàng chục nghìn người đã chết trong quá trình xây dựng kênh đào Panama.
B. Mặc dù dự án gây ra nhiều người chết nhưng nó vẫn là một thành tựu cao cả.
C. Kênh đào Panama có thể được hoàn thành muộn hơn với ít thiệt hại về người hơn.
D. Nam giới bị giết trong công việc và do các tác động còn lại như bệnh tật và thương tích
Clue: Still, in the end, over thirty thousand men lost their lives directly or indirectly in the building of the
Panama Canal, which proves once and for all what a monumental task it truly was, especially for the age in
which it was attempted.
Tuy nhiên, cuối cùng, hơn ba mươi nghìn người đàn ông đã mất mạng trực tiếp hoặc gián tiếp trong việc xây
dựng Kênh đào Panama, điều này chứng tỏ một lần và mãi mãi nó thực sự là một nhiệm vụ vĩ đại, đặc biệt là
đối với thời đại mà nó đã được thực hiện.
85. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of the construction of the Panama Canal?
A. It helped shave thousands and thousands of miles from trips between the eastern and western
United States.
B. it incorporated dams to accelerate the construction process, which helped to make it successful.
C. It was able to proceed when Panama decided to fight for freedom against Colombia.
D. It was easier to achieve because of the similar tidal levels of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
85. Theo đoạn văn, điều nào sau đây KHÔNG đúng về việc xây dựng kênh đào Pa-na-ma?
A. Nó đã giúp cạo hàng ngàn và hàng ngàn dặm trong các chuyến đi giữa miền đông và miền tây Hoa Kỳ.
B. nó kết hợp các đập để đẩy nhanh quá trình xây dựng, điều này đã giúp nó thành công.
C. Nó đã có thể tiến hành khi Panama quyết định đấu tranh giành tự do chống lại Colombia.
D. Nó dễ dàng đạt thực hiện vì mức thủy triều tương tự ở Thái Bình Dương và Đại Tây Dương.
Clue: Also, as the tidal levels of the Pacific and Atlantic were vastly different, a new canal system, unlike
the sea-level canal attempted by the French, had to be erected. The American engineers decided to install a
system of locks to raise and lower ships to the designated sea level
Ngoài ra, do mức thủy triều của Thái Bình Dương và Đại Tây Dương rất khác nhau, nên một hệ thống kênh
đào mới, không giống như kênh đào trên mực nước biển mà người Pháp đã cố gắng xây dựng, phải được xây
dựng.

Part 6.
86. XI 87. IX 88. VIII 89. V
90. I 91. VII 92. III 93. IV
94. sell (more) quickly 95. (South Limberg) planners
Moles happy as homes go underground
A. The first anybody knew about Dutchman Frank Siegmund and his family was when workmen tramping
through a field found a narrow steel chimney protruding through the grass. Closer inspection revealed a
chink of sky-light window among the thistles, and when amazed investigators moved down the side of the
hill they came across a pine door complete with leaded diamond glass and a brass knocker set into an
underground building. The Siegmunds had managed to live undetected for six years outside the border town
of Breda, in Holland. They are the latest in a clutch of individualistic homemakers who have burrowed
underground in search of tranquility.
B. xi. Homes sold before completion
Most, falling foul of strict building regulations, has been forced to dismantle their individualistic homes and
return to more conventional lifestyles. But subterranean suburbia, Dutch-style, is about to become
respectable and chic. Seven luxury homes cosseted away inside a high earth-covered noise embankment next
to the main Tilburg city road recently went on the market for $296,500 each. The foundations had yet to be
dug, but customers queued up to buy the unusual part-submerged houses, whose back wall consists of a
grassy mound and whose front is a long glass gallery. Nền móng vẫn chưa được đào, nhưng khách hàng đã
xếp hàng dài để mua những ngôi nhà có phần chìm bất thường, có bức tường phía sau là một gò cỏ và phía
trước là một phòng trưng bày bằng kính dài.
=> Những ngôi nhà được bán trước khi hòa thành
C. ix. Developing underground services around the world
The Dutch are not the only would - be moles. Growing numbers of Europeans are burrowing below ground
to create houses, offices, discos and shopping malls
Ngày càng có nhiều người châu Âu đào sâu xuống đất để tạo ra nhà ở, văn phòng, vũ trường và trung tâm
mua sắm
. It is already proving a way of life in extreme climates; in winter months in Montreal, Canada, for instance,
citizens can escape the cold in an underground complex complete with shops and even health clinics. In
Tokyo builders are planning a massive underground city to be begun in the next decade, and underground
shopping malls are already common in Japan, where 90 percent of the population is squeezed into 20 percent
of the land space.
=> Phát triển các dịch vụ ngầm trên khắp thế giới
D. viii. Some buildings do not require natural light
Building big commercial buildings underground can be a way to avoid disfiguring or threatening a beautiful
or “environmentally sensitive” landscape. Indeed many of the buildings which consume most land - such as
cinemas, supermarkets, theatres, warehouses or libraries - have no need to be on the surface since they do
not need windows. Thật vậy, nhiều tòa nhà sử dụng hầu hết đất - chẳng hạn như rạp chiếu phim, siêu thị, rạp
hát, nhà kho hoặc thư viện - không cần phải ở trên bề mặt vì chúng không cần cửa sổ.
=> Một số tòa nhà không cần ánh sáng tự nhiên
E. v. Demands on space and energy are reduced
There are big advantages, too, when it comes to private homes. A development of 194 houses which would
take up 14 hectares of land above ground would occupy 2.7 hectares below it, while the number of roads
would be halved. . Sự phát triển của 194 ngôi nhà chiếm 14 ha đất trên mặt đất sẽ chiếm 2,7 ha bên dưới nó,
trong khi số lượng đường sẽ giảm một nửa.
Under several metres of earth, noise is minimal and insulation is excellent. “We get 40 to 50 enquiries a
week,” says Peter Carpenter, secretary of the British Earth Sheltering Association, which builds 65 similar
homes in Britain. “People see this as a way of building for the future.” An underground dweller himself,
Carpenter has never paid a heating bill, thanks to solar panels and natural insulation. Bản thân là một người
sống dưới lòng đất, Carpenter chưa bao giờ thanh toán hóa đơn sưởi ấm, nhờ các tấm năng lượng mặt trời và
vật liệu cách nhiệt tự nhiên.
=> Nhu cầu về không gian và năng lượng giảm
F. i. A designer describes his houses
In Europe, the obstacle has been conservative local authorities and developers who prefer to ensure quick
sales with conventional mass produced housing. But the Dutch development was greeted with undisguised
relief by South Limburg planners because of Holland’s chronic shortage of land. It was the Tilburg architect
Jo Hurkmans who hit on the idea of making use of noise embankments on main roads. His two - floored,
four - bedroomed, two - bathroomed detached homes are now taking shapeChính kiến trúc sư Jo Hurkmans
của Tilburg đã nảy ra ý tưởng tận dụng các kè chống ồn trên các con đường chính. Những ngôi nhà biệt lập
hai tầng, bốn phòng ngủ, hai phòng tắm của ông hiện đang thành hình.
. “They are not so much below the earth as in it,” he says. “All the light will come through the glass front,
which runs from the second floor ceiling to the ground. Areas which do not need much natural lighting are at
the back. The living accommodation is to the front so nobody notices that the back is dark.”
=> Một nhà thiết kế mô tả những ngôi nhà của mình
G. vii. Worldwide examples of underground living accommodation
In the US, where energy-efficient homes became popular after the oil crisis of 1973, 10,000 underground
houses have been built. A terrace of five homes, Britain’s first subterranean development, is under way in
Nottinghamshire. Italy’s outstanding example of subterranean architecture is the Olivetti residential centre in
Ivrea.
Ở Mỹ, nơi những ngôi nhà tiết kiệm năng lượng trở nên phổ biến sau cuộc khủng hoảng dầu mỏ năm 1973,
10.000 ngôi nhà dưới lòng đất đã được xây dựng. Một sân thượng gồm 5 ngôi nhà, sự phát triển dưới lòng
đất đầu tiên của Anh, đang được tiến hành ở Nottinghamshire. Ví dụ nổi bật của Ý về kiến trúc dưới lòng đất
là trung tâm dân cư Olivetti ở Ivrea.
Commissioned by Roberto Olivetti in 1969, it comprises 82 one-bedroomed apartments and 12 marionettes
and forms a house/ hotel for Olivetti employees. It is built into a hill and little can be seen from outside
except a glass facade. Patnzia Vallecchi, a resident since 1992, says it is little different from living in a
conventional apartment.
=> Các ví dụ trên toàn thế giới về chỗ ở dưới lòng đấ
H. iii. Simulating a natural environment
Not everyone adapts so well, and in Japan scientists at the Shimizu Corporation have developed “space
creation” systems which mix light, sounds, breezes and scents to stimulate people who spend long periods
below ground
ại Nhật Bản, các nhà khoa học tại Tập đoàn Shimizu đã phát triển hệ thống “tạo không gian” kết hợp ánh
sáng, âm thanh, làn gió và mùi hương để kích thích những người ở lâu dưới mặt đất.
. Underground offices in Japan are being equipped with “virtual” windows and mirrors, while underground
departments in the University of Minnesota have periscopes to reflect views and light.
=> Mô phỏng môi trường tự nhiên
I. iv. How an underground family home developed
But Frank Siegmund and his family love their hobbit lifestyle. Their home evolved when he dug a cool room
for his bakery business in a hill he had created. Ngôi nhà của họ đã phát triển khi anh đào một căn phòng
mát mẻ cho công việc kinh doanh tiệm bánh của mình trên một ngọn đồi mà anh đã tạo ra
During a heatwave they took to sleeping there. “We felt at peace and so close to nature,” he says. “Gradually
I began adding to the rooms. It sounds strange but we are so close to the earth we draw strength from its
vibrations. Our children love it; not every child can boast of being watched through their playroom windows
by rabbits.
 Ngôi nhà của gia đình dưới lòng đất đã phát triển như thế nào
Example Answer: Paragraph A Answer xii

Part 7
47 A. First sentence talks about ‘recent rise’ from few to many specimen and then in the middle of the
paragraph they talk of a ‘reintroduction scheme’ inspired by this success.

48 B. Last sentence talks of a ‘resilience of a small bird’. Resilience here means ‘being able to recover
quickly and overcome hardships easily’.

49 A. Royal Society for the Protection of Birds poll suggests that it is one of the most popular bird among
with two other specimen mentioned in sentence two of Paragraph A.

50 B. Two winters in 1961 and 1962 drastically reduced population of this bird according to the middle of
Paragraph B.

51 D. First sentence of the paragraph states that even the most convinced admirers of this bird confess that it
looks rather ‘drab’ — or dull, shabby and not arousing any interest.

52 B. Second part of Paragraph B talks about ‘protective instincts’ for this defenceless birds, yet strangely it
manages to restore its population.

53 C. The middle of third paragraph goes: ‘… the pace of increase agonizingly slow’, implying that faster
pace of reintroduction would have been more than welcome.

54 C. Last sentence of Paragraph C states that there is reason to believe the rate of breeding is going to
continue its increase.

55 B. The second part of Paragraph B talks about ‘intensive management and protection of England’s
lowland heath’ that ensured increased breeding rate of the rare bird.

56 D. The last sentence of fourth paragraph states that these birds ‘are often birds of large gardens’ and other
buildings, meaning that they can still be seen around frequently

Part 8
1. The board met behind the closed door in order to discuss changes in company policy.
behind the closed door: bí mật
2. Peter was in hot water because he didn’t finish an important project by the deadline.
be in hot water:đang gặp khó khăn,có vấn đề
3. She let it be known that she had been given the sack by the company.
let it be known: make certain that people know something:
4. In the event of a problem, drop a line at all costs.
drop a line: để lại lời nhắn
5. Sluggish as the manager is, he has the gift of the gab
the gift of the gab: có tài ăn nói khéo léo
6. Thomas was kept in the dark about the company’s new projects.
kept in the dark: not know about something that other people know about
1. Thailand is/ stands head and shoulders above all other countries in football.
stands head and shoulders above: giỏi,tốt hơn ai,cái gì
8. These problems of ours are just the tip of the iceberg.
the tip of the iceberg: phần nhỏ của vấn đề
9. The final version of the plan bore/ had no/ little resemblance to the final draft.
bore/ had no/ little resemblance: có ít sự giống nha,tương đồng
Or: There was no (little/ not) much resemblance between the final version of the plan and the initial
draft.
10. The film didn’t live up to my expectations at all.
live up to my expectations: đáp ứng nguyện vọng
Test 13
Phần 1:
Part 2: You will hear part of a radio interview with Pete Birtwhistle, a playwright. For questions 11-15,
decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided (1.0pt)
6. Before he started writing, he thought theater had little relevance to his life.
7. When he left his previous job, Pete felt very relieved.
8. According to Pete, the most difficult aspect of writing his first play is finding an appropriate ending.
9. The biggest impact that writing has had on Pete’s life is that it has enabled him to express himself.
10. Pete feels enthusiastic about writing for films.
Your answers:
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 3. You will hear an interview with Marianne Nolan, a surfing champion. Listen carefully and choose
the correct answer A, B or C for each question. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered
boxes. (1.0 pt)
11. What does Marianne Nolan say about entering the senior surfing championships?
A. She is pleased to have the chance to learn from experienced surfers.
B. She has mixed feelings about competing at such a high level.
C. She has confidence that she will succeed in the early rounds.
12. According to Marianne, women surfers today
A. are prepared to take more risks than they did in the past.
B. are determined to achieve the same recognition for their skill as men.
C. are mainly concerned with having a beautiful surfing style.
13. What does Marianne say about being considered a good surfer?
A. It surprised her to receive so much publicity.
B. It gives her hope that she will win the same title.
C. She feels it is both a burden and a compliment.
14. When asked about her future, Marianne says she
A. has changed the idea she previously had for a career.
B. has been too busy with her sport to make decisions about a job.
C. wonders how well she will adjust to having a routine job.
15. What lesson does Marianne say she has learned from competitive surfing?
A. Be generous to people you defeat.
B. Prepared for the unexpected.
C. Know when you have reached your limit.
Your answers:
11. B 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. B

Part 4: You will hear part of a talk by a man called David Barns, who is a director of a company that will
be building a new shopping mall. Complete the sentences by writing NO MORE THAN THREE
WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Write your answers in the space provided. (2.0pts)
Whitesea shopping mall
The mall is expected to open in (16) ______________________ next year.
The total cost will be (17) ______________________ billion pounds.
A new (18) ______________________ will be built next to the shopping mall.
The car park will be situated (19) ______________________ and will have spaces for 3,000 cars.
Three (20) ______________________ will be provided to help shoppers with children.
One section of the mall has a (21) ______________________.
There will be (22) ______________________ cinemas showing a wide range of current films.
(23) ______________________ films will be shown twice a day.
There will be walkways with (24) ______________________ between different areas of the mall.
There will be an exhibition focusing on the (25) ______________________ of the area.
Part 1 : A. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS:
1. I usually _____ work at about 5.30, so I’m home by 6.30 most nights.
A. end up B. kick off C. knock off D. knuckle down
2. We were walking through the woods when we _____ a trap set by hunters.
A. slipped up B. dug up C. chanced upon D. threw out
3. The small boat drifted helplessly _____ the mercy of the wind and waves.
A. in B. with C. to D. at
4. The staff can’t take leaves at the same time. They have to take holidays_____ rotation.
A. on B. under C. by D. in
5. We have been really busy, but things are starting to slacken _____ now.
A. away B. off C. out D. on
6. We had an argument about it and she got al fired _____.
A. up B. on C. against D. away
7. In those days, doctors ladled _____ antibiotics to patients.
A. with B. out C. on D. in
8. We had to _____ pages of legal jargon before we could sign the contract.
A. wade through B. delve into C. dispense with D. blurt out
9. It is necessary to _____ this curse from their country.
A. flare up B. march on C. weed out D. fire away
10. This song is really _____me.
A. growing on B. getting on C. picking up D. coming out
B.Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence
1. Money was short and people survived by ____ and saving.
A.scrimping B.scavenging C.scouring D.scrounging
2. You can try reformatting your computer, but once you open that ____, you’ll probably be working on
it for days.
A.apple of discord B.can of worms C.load of cobblers D.spot of brother
3. The luxurious office accentuated the manager’s position ____ in everything. Every detail is matched
on each side.
A.on the pecking pole B.at the nipping post C.at the nipping post D.in the pecking order
4. The first ____ of the ladder is important in your career.
A.step B.grade C.pushD.rung
5. Anyone who lies under oath will be charged with ____ the course of justice.
A.perverting B.inverting C.converting D.diverting
6. I’m realy glad that pompous oaf lost his court case, maybe that will bring him down a ____ or two.
A.step B.notch C.peg D.rung
7. The designer refuses to glid the ____, preferring clean,simple lines for his creations.
A.lily B.flower C.rose D.daisy
8. -“They say that your wife tends to pry into other people private’s matters.”
- “ I don’t care. It’s no skin off my _______”
A. palm B. skull C. cheek D. Nose
9. Steve used to be easy to work with, but since his promotion he’s begun to______ .
A. throw his weight around B. throw in the towel
C. throw him off balance D. turn up trumps
10. It’s important to keep your _____ about you when you are walking through the African bush.
A. wits B. heads C. brains D. minds
Part 2: The passage below contains 10 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and write
the corrections in the corresponded numbered boxes. (1.0pt)
Line Passage
1 Although air-conditioning has led to economical improvement and has increased daily
2 comfort with people everywhere, its impact on the environment has not been so positively.
3 First, air-conditioning units release polluting chemicals onto the air, that contribute to
4 global warming. Furthermore, running air-conditioning on a large scale requires enomous
5 amount of energy. The burning of coal and oil to produce this energy also contributes to
6 air pollution and thus, to global warming. According to experts, global warming could
 7 result from dramatic changes in climate, rising ocean levels, and more violence storms in
8 the years to come.
9 In some countries, governments and industry are beginning to search for ways to reduce
10 the harm caused by air-conditioning. In Japan, summer temperatures have been risen in
11 office buildings to conserve energy. In the United States, government, industry, and
12 private groups are searching for ways to reduce the amount of dangerous chemicals
13 released by air conditioners, especially those in cars and trucks. Stay cool is important, and
14 many cannot imagine life without air-conditionig. But in the future, we will have to
finding new technologies to make sure that air-conditioning does not create more
problems than it solves.

Your answers:
Line Mistakes Correction
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Part 3: Exercise 1. Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fits each blank in the following passage.
(10 points)
The problems of racial minorities make the headlines occasionally when one group or another
(56)____________ to (57)_____________ their protests against the oppressive treatment of their
authorities. The native Indians have been living within the (58)____________ of their reserves, the
Australian Aborigines have a hard time of integrating with the descendants of the European colonizers and
the African Movement keeps (59)____________ its war against the concealed racial discrimination in
America. There are also cultures and nations whose heritage and history has only remained alive
(60)____________ chronicles and museums. Vast numbers of indigenous populations have been
slaughtered by merciless invaders or persecuted by acquisitive colonizers, then, deprived of their lands,
rights and properties. Many of them have (61)__________ with their oppressors to be finally
(62)___________ 'non-existent'.
One example of such a community is represented by the Ainu people - the original inhabitants of the
Japanese Archipelago whose independent existence was ruined by an extremely rapid assimilation with the
Japanese culture. The Ainu are believed to have possessed very distinct characteristics from those that
(63)__________ the Japanese people. Theirs was a light complexion and thick wavy hair as well as a totally
isolated language. They adored many spirits (64)_________ by natural phenomena like animals, plants or
climatic forces. Once a year they would sacrifice a bear cub at a religious festival which was a sign of
reverent worship for the gods. Now, they are claimed to be no longer existent in their pure form.
By similar means, dozens of other cultures have vanished leaving behind only a trait of their
(65)_________imprinted in the character of the societies that have absorbed them.
56. A. pursues B. resolves C. undergoes D. embarks
57. A. place B. stage C. assure D. expose
58. A. boundaries B. realms C. margins D. zones
59. A. deploying B. engaging C. waging D. tackling
60. A. in lieu of B. in the way of C. by dint of D. for the sake of
61. A. intermingledB. exchanged C. intertwined D. incorporated
62. A. decided B. nicknamed C. presupposed D. classified
63. A. divulge B. typify C. relate D. sport
64. A. embodied B. displayed C. ingrained D. defaced
65. A. legacy B. heredity C. remnant D. heirloom
Part 4. Read the text below and think of the word that best fits each space. Use only one word in each
space. (15 points)
Over the last century the world has become increasingly smaller. Not geographically, of course, but in the
(66)___________ that media, technology and the opening of borders has enabled the world’s citizens to
view, share and gain access to a much wider range of cultures, societies and world views. In this
(67)___________ pot that the world has become, today’s child is privy (68)___________ facets of the
human experience that his immediate predecessors had no inkling even existed. It (69)_____________ to
reason that in order to absorb, configure and finally form opinions about this information-laden planet,
children must be supplied with certain tools. (70)______ in this list of ‘tools’ are: education, social skills,
cultural awareness and the acquisition of languages, the most important of these being the latter. Until
recently, a child who had the ability to speak more than one language would have been considered a very
(71)_____________ entity. This one-language phenomenon could be attributed to a combination of factors.
One of them is that the monolingual environment in which a child was raised played a strong role,
(72)____________ did the limited, biased education of the past. With regard to immigrants, the sad fact was
that non-native parents tended to withhold the teaching of the mother tongue so that the child would acquire
the ‘more prestigious’ language of the adopted country. Nowadays, the situation has (73)___________ an
almost complete reversal. In the majority of North American and European countries, most children are
given the opportunity to learn a second or even a third language. Children acquire these foreign languages
through various and diverse means. In many countries, learning a foreign language is a compulsory subject
in the state school (74)_____________. Other children rely on language schools or private tuition to achieve
their goal. In other instances, children are (75)___________ to bilingual parents, who, if they so desire, may
teach the children two languages
Part 5: : Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. (15 pts)
Solving Deforestation problems
As more and more countries around the globe move towards industrialization in an attempt to compete in
the global market, an environmental crisis over deforestation --- the cutting down, burning and general
damaging of forests --- is looming for mankind. Over the last several decades, environmental specialists
have proposed various strategies aimed at slowing down this process of deforestation in developing
countries. Many of these proposals are indeed valuable ideas in that they are realistic attempts to address
some of the causes of deforestation, such as farming, cattle ranching, and commercial logging. All of them
rely on government involvement of some kind.
There are three broad categories of solutions: state economic policies, internal agreements, and
international programs. ■ A) Economic policies generally attempt to limit the activity of small farmers
through government actions. ■ B) Government actions can include the clear and proper definition and
enforcement of property rights, meaning that squatting, or illegally settling on land, would be more difficult.
■ C) Subsidies can be used to encourage conservation. That is, money may be paid to supplement the
income of those farmers who make an effort to reduce the usual amount of damage to the forest that their
farms cause. In addition, taxes can act as a deterrent to undesirable land use. ■ D) For example, certain
kinds of agriculture, like the slash-and-burn method, as well as cattle ranching, may be taxed to discourage
these activities.
An internal agreement may be made between governments and indigenous or native people living in the
moist rainforests and open woodlands of the tropics, where the vast majority of this deforestation is
occurring. Such an agreement would allow people to carry on traditional activities adapted for some
economic benefit. One example is the rubber-tappers in Brazil. These native people draw sap from rubber
trees in the rainforest, without damaging or killing the trees. The sap, in turn, is sold to rubber companies,
thereby providing the native people with economic benefits.
Finally, international agreements usually involve the exchange of monetary aid in return for government
action to protect its forests. One such plan seeks to help play a nation’s debt in exchange for restrictions on
certain kinds of activities in rainforests. This is appealing for a poor country such as Brazil, which has an
international debt of $160 billion. Instead of selling logging concessions to play down that obligation, the
government receives money for banning or restricting logging in its forests. There is also the proposal of a
global fund created in order to grant money to countries that choose to protect their environments. While all
of these ideas could possibly work, it remains to be seen whether there will be any real progress in rainforest
conservation.
 It is clear that something must be done to protect the forests of the world. If the current rate of
deforestation continues, the world’s rainforests will vanish within 100 years, causing numerous adverse
effects on global climate and eliminating the majority of plant and animal species on the planet.
Deforestation significantly increases the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere each
year, which in turn causes an increase in global temperatures. Also, scientists speculate that the tropical
rainforests, though covering only seven percent of the Earth’s dry surface, contain more than half of the 5
million to 80 million species of plants and animals that comprise the “ biodiversity “ of the planet. The loss
of species resulting from radical climate change will have a drastic effect. The Earth is losing species every
day that could potentially prevent cancer or lead to a cure for AIDS. In addition, other organisms are losing
species they depend upon, and thus face extinction themselves. Unless some form of concrete solution for
deforestation is enacted quickly, the survival of all creatures living on Earth could be in jeopardy.
1. According to paragraphs 3 and 4, what is the main difference between an internal agreement and an
international agreement?
A. International agreements are more effective than internal agreements.
B. An international agreement is between countries; an internal agreement is between a government and its
people.
C. Internal agreements benefit governments; international agreements benefit indigenous groups.
D. Internal agreements are more effective than international ones.
2. The word "obligation" in paragraph 4 could best be replaced by
A. promise B. relationship C. guarantee D. debt
3. In paragraph 1, what does the word "them" refer to?
A. The causes of deforestation
B. Decades
C. Proposals
D. Developing countries
4. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to paragraph 2:
“Deforestation by a peasant farmer is often done to raise crops for subsistence and is driven by the basic
human need for food.”
Where would the sentence best fit? Choose the square [■] where the sentence should be added to the
passage.
A. Line 2 B. Line 3 C. Line 5 D. Line 7
5. Why does the author mention rubber-tappers in paragraph 3?
A. To provide an example of an internal agreement
B. To provide an example of an international agreement
C. To provide an example of a state economic policy
D. To provide an example of why Brazil is a poor nation
6. According to the passage, what are the major adverse effects of deforestation?
A. An increase in carbon dioxide and decrease in biodiversity
B. Warmer weather and an increase in biodiversity
C. Loss of plant and animal species and an increase in global debt
D. An increase in global debt and human diseases
7. Which of the following sentences best expresses the essential information of the highlighted sentence?
A. In coming decades, environmental scientists will suggest several strategies for stopping deforestation in
third-world countries.
B. Environmental scientists, in recent years, have suggested that deforestation slows down the process of
development in various countries.
C. In recent decades, several methods for countering deforestation in poor countries have been suggested by
experts on the environment.
D. Experts on the environment have been concerned about the impact of deforestation on the Earth's
biodiversity in recent decades.
8. From the passage, it can be inferred that
A. state economic policies are more effective than international agreements
B. indigenous peoples in the tropics depend on forestry to make money
C. the three types of solutions mentioned will save the rainforests
D. deforestation is not a very serious problem
9. The word "deterrent" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
A. fine B. penalty C. incentive D. discouragement
10. The word "this" in paragraph 4 refers to
A. a poor country
B. a nation's debt
C. an international agreement
D. an obligation
Your answer
1. 3. 5. 7. 9.
2. 4. 6. 8. 10.
Part 4: Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. (15 pts)
The Hollywood Film Industry
A This chapter examines the ‘Golden Age’ of the Hollywood film studio system and explores how a
particular kind of filmmaking developed during this period in US film history. It also focuses on the
two key elements which influenced the emergence of the classic Hollywood studio system: the advent
of sound and the business ideal of vertical integration. In addition to its historical interest, inspecting
the growth of the studio system may offer clues regarding the kinds of struggles that accompany the
growth of any new medium. It might, in fact, be intriguing to examine which changes occurred during
the growth of Hollywood studio, and compare those changes to comtemporary struggles in which
production companies are trying to define and control emerging industries, such as online film and
interactive television.
B The shift of the industry away from ‘silent’ films began during the late 1920s. Warner Bros.’ 1927
film The Jazz Singer was the first to feature synchronized speech, and with it came a period of turmoil
for the industry. Studios now had proof that ‘talkie’ films would make them money, but the financial
investment this kind of filmmaking would require, from new camera equipment to new projection
facilities, made the studios hesitant to invest at first. In the end, the power of cinematic sound to both
move audiences and enhance the story persuaded studios that talkies were worth investing in. Overall,
the use of sound in film was well-received by audiences, but there were still many technical factors to
consider. Although full integration of sound into movies was complete by 1930, it would take
somewhat longer for them to regain their stylistic elegance and dexterity. The camera now had to be
encased in a big, clumsy, unmoveable soundproof box. In addition, actors struggled, having to direct
their speech to awkwardly-hidden microphones in huge plants, telephones or even costumes.
C Vertical integration is the other key component in the rise of the Hollywood studio system. The
major studios realized they could increase their profits by handling each stage of a film’s life:
production (making the film), distribution (getting the film out to people) and exhibition (owning the
theaters in major cities where films were shown first). Five studios, ‘The Big Five’, worked to achieve
vertical integration through the late 1940s, owning vast real estate on which to construct elaborate
sets. In addition, these studios set the exact terms of films’ release dates and patterns. Warner Bros.,
Paramount, 20th Century Fox, MGM and RKO formed this exclusive club. ‘The Little Three’ studios
- Universal, Columbia and United Artists - also made pictures, but each lacked one of the crucial
elements of vertical integration. Together these eight companies operated as a mature oligopoly,
essentially running the entire market.
D During the Golden Age, the studios were remarkably consistent and stable enterprises, due in large
part to long-term management heads - the infamous ‘movie moguls’ who ruled their kingdoms with
iron fists. At MGM, Warner Bros, and Columbia, the same men ran their studios for decades. The rise
of the studio system also hinges on the treatment of stars, who were constructed and exploited to suit a
studio’s image and schedule. Actors were bound up in seven-year contracts to a single studio, and the
studio boss generally held all the options. Stars could be loaned out to other production companies at
any time. Studio bosses could also force bad roles on actors, and manipulate every single detail of
stars’ images with their mammoth in-house publicity departments. Some have compared the
Hollywood studio system to a factory, and it is useful
to remember that studios were out to make money first and art second.
E On the other hand, studios also had to cultivate flexibility, in addition to consistent factory output.
Studio heads realized that they couldn’t make virtually the same film over and over again with the
same cast of stars and still expect to keep turning a profit. They also had to create product
differentiation. Examining how each production company tried to differentiate itself has led to loose
characterizations of individual studios’ styles. MGM tended to put out a lot of all-star productions
 while Paramount excelled in comedy and Warner Bros, developed a reputation for gritty social
realism. 20th Century Fox forged the musical and a great deal of prestige biographies, while Universal
specialized in classic horror movies.
F In 1948, struggling independent movie producers and exhibitors finally triumphed in their battle
against the big studios’ monopolistic behavior. In the United States versus Paramount federal decree
of that year, the studios were ordered to give up their theaters in what is commonly referred to as
‘divestiture’ - opening the market to smaller producers. This, coupled with the advent of television in
the 1950s, seriously compromised the studio system’s influence and profits. Hence, 1930 and 1948 are
generally considered bookends to Hollywood’s Golden Age.
For question 1- 4 : The reading passage has seven paragraphs A - G. Choose the correct heading for
paragraphs A - G from the list of headings below.

List of Headings
i. The power with each studio
ii. The movie industry adapts to innovation
iii. Contrast between cinema and other media of the time
iv. The value of studying Hollywood’s Golden Age
v. Distinguishing themselves from the rest of the market
vi. A double attack on film studios’ power
vii. Gaining control of the industry
viii The top movies of Hollywood’s Golden Age

Example: Paragraph A ______iv____

1. Paragraph B __________
2. Paragraph C __________
Example: Paragraph D ____i_____
3. Paragraph E __________
4. Paragraph F __________
For question 5- 7: Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage?
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
5. After The Jazz Singer came out, other studios immediately began making movies with synchronized
sound.
6. There were some drawbacks to recording movie actors’ voices in the early 1930s.
7. There was intense competition between actors for contracts with the leading studios.
Complete the summary below.
For questions 8 – 10, choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
THE HOLLYWOOD STUDIOS
Throughout its Golden Age, the Hollywood movie Industry was controlled by a handful of studios.
Using a system known as (8) ______________, the biggest studios not only made movies, but handled their
distribution and then finally showed them in their own theaters. These studios were often run by autocratic
bosses - men known as (9) ______________, who often remained at the head of organisations for decades.
However, the domination of the industry by the leading studios came to an end in 1948, when they were
forced to open the market to smaller producers - a process known as (10) ______________.
Part 7:
You are going to read an article about various paintings. For questions 47-56, choose from the sections
of the article (A-D). The sections may be chosen more than once.

Of which painting is the following stated?

47 It is of something that no longer exists.

48 The artist points out that it is based on things actually observed, even though it
49 The artist specialises in things that most people regard as ugly.

50 A deduction that could be made about what is happening in this picture is not what artist is actually
showing.

51 The artist took a risk while creating it.

52 The artist checks that nothing important is missing from preparatory work.

53 It was completely altered in order to produce various connections.

54 Its artist produces paintings in different locations.

55 In one way, it is unlike any other painting the artist has produced.

56 The artist likes to find by chance subjects that have certain characteristics.

Watercolour competition
First prize
A Carol Robertson – Interrupted
Field Carol Robertson’s Interrupted Field is a worthy winner, a more or less geometric composition that
exploits the qualities of evenly-applied washes of colour. The painting is vast – ‘the largest I’ve ever
attempted’- so the big, even area of blue in the centre is, apart from anything else, something of a technical
achievement.

Robertson is keen to stress that her abstract compositions are firmly rooted in reality. Though she does not
‘seek to confirm or record the way the world looks’, her work is never disconnected from the natural world,
so the coloured stripes and bands in this painting have a specific source. Over the past five years, Robertson
has been working in Ireland, on the northwest coast of County Mayo. The coloured stripes stimulate
‘memories of coastal landscape, brightly painted cottages, harbours and fishing boats, things seen out of the
corner of my eye as I explored that coastline by car and on foot. The colour mirrors the fragments of life that
caught my eye against a background of sea and sky.’

Runners up
В Geoffrey Wynne – Quayside
Geoffrey Wynne describes himself as ‘an open-air impressionist watercolour painter’, though he adds that
‘larger works’, this prize-winning picture among them, ‘are developed in the studio’.

Perhaps the most noteworthy aspect of this painting is the sheer number of people in it. According to the
title, they are on a quay somewhere, and the number of suitcases they have with them suggests they have just
landed from a boat on the first stage of a holiday. ‘Yes, that’s almost right,’ Wynne told me, ‘except that
we’re on the boat in the early morning, just arrived back from Mallorca, and the people are waiting to get on.
This painting took a long time to finish, and many earlier attempts were abandoned. To achieve a unity, I
immersed the half-finished painting in the bath, then added the black with a big brush. It’s dangerous to do,
because you can’t really control the effects. Then I reworked everything, establishing links with colour and
tone throughout the composition, creating a kind of web or net of similar effects.’

C Arthur Lockwood – Carbonizer Tower

Arthur Lockwood has a big reputation among watercolour painters and watercolour enthusiasts, chiefly for
his accomplished pictures of industrial sites, subjects that are generally thought to be unsightly, but have
striking visual qualities all their own. Among them is a kind of romanticism stimulated by indications of
decay and the passing of irrecoverable time. Lockwood’s subjects are, after all, ruins, the modern equivalent
of Gothic churches overgrown by ivy. He aims not only to reveal those qualities, but to make a visual record
of places that are last being destroyed.
This painting, a good example of his work in general, is one of an extensive series on the same subject. What
we see is part of a large industrial plant that once made smokeless coal briquettes. It has now been closed
and demolished to make way for a business park.

D Michael Smee – Respite at The Royal Oak

Michael Smee was once a successful stage and television designer. This is worth stressing, because this
prize-winning painting makes a strong theatrical impression. Smee agrees, and thinks it has much to do with
the carefully judged lighting. ‘As a theatre designer, you make the set, which comes to life only when its lit’.

Smee prefers to happen on pubs and cafes that are intriguing visually and look as though they might be
under threat, lie has a strong desire to record ‘not only the disappearing pub culture peculiar to this country,
but also bespoke bar interiors and the individuals therein’, He works his paintings up from informative
sketches. ‘I get there early, before many people have arrived, sit in the corner and scribble away. Then, once
the painting is in progress in the studio, I make a return visit to reassure myself and to note down what I’d
previously overlooked.’ His main aim isn’t topographical accuracy, however; it’s to capture the appearance
of artificial and natural light together, as well as the reflections they make.

Part 8: Rewrite the sentences in such a way that they mean almost the same as the sentences printed
before them.
1. David should concentrate more on his studies. (APPLY)
David____________________________________________________________________
2. That the socialists won the election was totally unexpected. (SURPRISE)
The socialist’s______________________________________________________________
3. I have to write everything out in triplicate and I’m completely fed up with it. (DEATH)
I’m_______________________________________________________________________
4. I’m sick of that program because I’ve watched it too often. (OFF)
I’ve_______________________________________________________________________
5. Tom teased Alice about her new hairstyle. (POKED)
Tom_________________________________________________
6. Do you understand what he’s written at the end? (SENSE)
Can you__________________________________________________
7. If the referee hadn’t intervened promptly, a fight would have developed on the pitch.
(INTERVENTION)
But for____________________________________________
8. Fiona will not join the strike because she thinks it is morally incorrect. (PRINCIPLE)
It is________________________________________________
9. Our plans to visit Jamaica this summer have fallen through again. (NOTHING)
Our plans___________________________________________________________________
10. Mary was always making Jones the subject of her cruel jokes. (BUTT)
- Jones_________________________________________________________________

KEY
Phần 1;
Part 1: Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes
provided (1.0pt)
6. T 7. F 8. F 9. T 10. F

Part 2. Listen carefully and choose the correct answer A, B or C for each question. (1.0 pt)
11. B 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. B
Part 3: Complete the sentences by writing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for
each answer. (2.0pts)
16. July 17. twelve/12 18. railway / 19. underground 20. nurseries
train station
21. fairground 22. seven/7 23. Classic 24. flowers 25. ecology
Part 1:
Interviewer: This evening on Arts Alive I'm talking to Pete Birtwhistle, whose new play, Time Talking, has
just opened at the Court Theatre in London. Pete, thank you for joining us.
Pete: Glad to be here.
Interviewer: Before we talk about your new play, I'd like to ask you how you started writing for the theatre
in the first place. I think I'm right in saying that your background isn't exactly typical for a playwright?
Pete: I suppose you could put it like that! You see, l was a miner until my mid-30s, but then my health got
bad and I had to leave the pit. But the theatre was the last thing on my mind! I don't think I'd ever been to a
play - apart from taking the kids to pantomimes at Christmas - and I wasn't even curious about it: I didn't
feel it had any bearing on me and mv life at all.
Interviewer: So what prompted you to write your first play?
Pete: Doctor's orders. Being out of work was terrible - it really got me down when I realised I had to stop
working down the mine, and in the end I was in such a bad wav that mv local GP sent me to a psychiatrist.
She suggested I write a story about what had happened to me, how I felt about working in the mine and then
having to leave. All therapy, really. Well, of course, it was pretty hard at first, writing a play from scratch.
Interviewer: Getting the dialogue and story right, I imagine?
Pete: Funny you should say that. I started off thinking I could invent a group of characters and have them
put forward different views. But when I sat down to write, I couldn't get them to do what I wanted, no matter
how hard I tried. In the end, I discovered I had to let them do and say what they wanted.
Interviewer: What do you mean, exactly?
Pete: They took on a life of their own. So I had to sit back and let them go whichever way they wanted. And
once I let myself give them that freedom, the play wrote itself. The odd thing is I feel all the character s I
create are part of me, so I'm revealing different aspects of myself.
Interviewer: Is that the most profound effect writing has had on you?
Pete: I think so, yes. Practical things have changed as well, of course - we've just bought a new house - but
material benefits are fairly peripheral in the end.
Interviewer: Turning to your new play about time travel - isn't that an unusual theme for the theatre?
Pete: Definitely! But it's not deliberate. I mean, I don't go round looking for novel subjects just to be
different. It’s more a case of finding an issue that doesn't have easy answers, a topic that stretches you when
you start thinking about it.
Interviewer: I hear you're going to start work on a screenplay for a film in the next few months. Is that an
exciting prospect?
Pete: Yes, but there are so many stories of films that never get made, writers and directors who throw
themselves into the task of making a film and then get terribly disappointed when it all falls apart. So I have
to watch out that I don't take the whole thing too seriously ...
Part 2:
Interviewer: You've been junior surfing champion since you were 13, but now at 18 you'll be entering
senior championship events for the first time. How do you feel about this?
Marianne: I don't know. It's scary, but it's also something I'm looking forward to. I'm going to take things
easy, though. The people who I'm going to be surfing against, well they are all more experienced, they're
older. So I'm not expecting to go through and win. But, I just want to give it a shot and do mv best.
Interviewer: These days there are more women in competitive surfing than in the past. But do women still
have to work harder?
Marianne: It's to do with showmanship. Women's surfing and men's surfing is not the same. There are lots
of differences. The women are probably more athletic, and more interesting to watch, but up to now I think
they took less risks than the male surfers. But I think, recently, things have started changing, and now you
can start to see the women surfers doing some pretty exciting things, which puts them more on a par with the
men, which is great. And I think slowly, we're going to see men and women surfers becoming more equal -
doing the same things. You know, men and women, there's never been a difference in quality when it comes
to professional teachers or trainers in surfing, so it's great that the gap is being narrowed in the competition,
too.
Interviewer: You started surfing as a small child. In your opinion, have things changed for girls in your
generation of surfers?
Marianne: Sure, I really think they have. When I was growing up, we were all really optimistic. We were
always encouraging each other, supporting one another. And it made me want to try harder and go further in
my sport, I think, the attitude that my generation has. but of course, we have to be grateful for all the women
who came before us. Because, of course, without them, and the work they did, we wouldn't be here surfing
now not as an international sport, anyway.
Interviewer: People have started to see you as one of the most promising surfers.
Marianne: Well, that's nice, of course! It's flattering.
But, also, it's a big responsibility, it means I can't let my supporters down. And really, I'm just doing my own
thing - following my own path. Who knows if I can actually get to win a world championship. I'd love to, of
course. I'll try my hardest, and if I succeed, great. But, you know, I'm just happy that I can do something that
I love doing. Not everyone can do something professionally that they are passionate about. But I can, and
that means a lot to me.
Interviewer: You've just finished college. Any other plans for what you might do later?
Marianne: I once had ambitions to be a singer, but, you know. I'm not that much of a singer! Just in the car,
maybe, or in the bath. I do have plans to go to college, and I'd like to work in a school, as a teacher. I like
working with kids. But surfing has taken up so much of my time recently. When I've finished competing,
though, I'd like to go back and finish my education.
Interviewer: What has surfing taught you?
Marianne: Surfing has taught me how to be flexible. The sea is like life - it's always changing, never the
same. You have to react and change your plans quickly. You can't take things for granted. There are always
going to be surprises. Of course, sometimes you win, sometimes you lose. So you have to be able to deal
with the losses, to pick yourself up and start all over again. There's no point feeling bad if you lose or
focusing on the negative side of things. Just carry on and try again. The important thing is to have a can-do
attitude, believe in yourself. If you can do that, anything's possible.

Part 3:
Good morning to you all. Thank you for attending this press conference. My name is David Barns and I'm
director of Shopright Contractors, the company that will be constructing the new shopping mall. I'll begin
with some practical information. As you know, construction is set to begin next month, so I'd like to start by
talking about when we expect building to finish and about the overall costs of the project.
I'm going to stick my neck out and say we'll meet the original targets, which is to have the mall open by July
next year. I think that's entirely manageable judging by the progress we've been making so far, which is
thanks to the builders and design team working closely together.
As for the costs, well, again our estimate was £12 billion, and I'm pretty confident the final cost will not
exceed that. I'd be happy to discuss further financial implications later on, if you could save any questions
till the end.
I'd like to move on now to our investors. What can they expect to get for the kind of money they're putting
into the project? What is it that's going to make this place special? What will attract customers to the mall?
Well, lots of things! For a start, there's a new railway station being built right next door, so people will be
able to reach us from the city centre in under 20 minutes.
Of course, we need to provide parking space for those who'll be driving to visit us. The underground car
park we've designed has room for 3,000 vehicles, and we're just off the motorway, too, which will mean
easy access for customers living up to 100 kilometres from the mall. On top of that, we've put a great deal of
thought into how to make shopping easier for families with small children. One excellent idea we have is to
provide nurseries - three of them, in fact - so people can leave toddlers in the completely safe hands of
qualified staff while they do their shopping. This means the kids are happy and the adults are content in the
knowledge that their children are being well looked after.
It goes without saying that we'll have the usual wide range of shopping facilities, from clothing and footwear
to furniture and food, but we also intend to offer a range of other attractions in order to persuade customers
to shop here.
Indeed, we've put a huge amount into providing those other attractions. There's a fairground in one corner of
the mall, which is aimed at providing a bit of fun for visitors. For people who aren't actually shopping, we
have some other fun things on offer. For example, we have seven cinemas showing a good range of modern
films, including the latest releases. That should suit our younger visitors but we've also come up with an idea
for the older generation - in one of the cinemas we'll show classic films - from 40 or 50 years ago - twice a
day, morning and afternoon. We're confident that these facilities will make the mall suitable for people of all
ages to enjoy together.
As you'll have read in our earlier press statement, we're also planning to make our shopping mall 'greener'.
Let me tell you a bit more about what I mean by that. People have become very demanding and prefer malls
to have an open, airy atmosphere. So, we're planning to have walkways between the different buildings, with
flowers lining the paths, giving the impression that you're actually outdoors. And we're building a Nature
Centre, where we'll have a permanent exhibition about the ecology of the area. We're going to have models,
photographs and displays to inform people about the wildlife of the local area. So, you see, it isn't simply a
mall, but a day out for the whole family.
I'm going to wrap things up there, but before we finish, I'd be happy to answer any questions you might have
about the project. Who would like to go first?

Part 1: A
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. A
1. I usually _____ work at about 5.30, so I’m home by 6.30 most nights.
A. end up B. kick off C. knock off D. knuckle down
kick off = start doing something
2. We were walking through the woods when we _____ a trap set by hunters.
A. slipped up B. dug up C. chanced upon D. threw out
chanced upon= tình cờ gặp ai
3. The small boat drifted helplessly _____ the mercy of the wind and waves.
A. in B. with C. to D. at
At the mercy of= phó mặc cho điều gì
4. The staff can’t take leaves at the same time. They have to take holidays_____ rotation.
A. on B. under C. by D. in
in rotation=one after the other, in a regular order
5. We have been really busy, but things are starting to slacken _____ now.
A. away B. off C. out D. on
Slack off= work less hard or to be less than is usual or necessary
6. We had an argument about it and she got al fired _____.
A. up B. on C. against D. away
fired up=Feeling very excited or passionate about something.
7. In those days, doctors ladled _____ antibiotics to patients.
A. with B. out C. on D. in
Ladle in = put in with or as if with a ladle
8. We had to _____ pages of legal jargon before we could sign the contract.
A. wade through B. delve into C. dispense with D. blurt out
dispense with= get rid of or stop using something or someone that you do not need
wade through= spend a lot of time and effort doing something boring or difficult, especially reading a lot of
information
delve into= examine something carefully in order to discover more information about someone or something
blurt out= say something suddenly and without thinking, usually because you are excited or nervous
9. It is necessary to _____ this curse from their country.
A. flare up B. march on C. weed out D. fire away
march on=to move on or pass quickly
flare-up=a situation in which something such as violence, pain, or anger suddenly starts or gets much worse
weed out= to get rid of people or things that are not wanted
fire away= used to tell someone they may begin asking questions
10. This song is really _____me.
A. growing on B. getting on C. picking up D. coming out
grow on sb=If someone or something grows on you, you like him, her, or it more and more than you did at
first
B.1. Money was short and people survived by ____ and saving.
A.scrimping B.scavenging C.scouring D.scrounging
Scrimping and saving: sống tằn tiện,dè dặt
2. You can try reformatting your computer, but once you open that ____, you’ll probably be working on
it for days.
A.apple of discord B.can of worms C.load of cobblers D.spot of brother
.can of worms: chuyện rắc rối
3. The luxurious office accentuated the manager’s position ____ in everything. Every detail is matched
on each side.
A.on the pecking pole B.at the nipping post C.at the nipping post D.in the pecking order
in the pecking order: xếp hạng phân bậc về mức độ quan trọng của các thành viên trong một tổ chức hay thứ
hạng trong một cuộc thi đấu
4. The first ____ of the ladder is important in your career.
A.step B.grade C.pushD.rung
The first rung of the ladder: 1 giai đoạn trong 1 quá trình,thoog qua đó để đạt được sự tiến bộ
5. Anyone who lies under oath will be charged with ____ the course of justice.
A.perverting B.inverting C.converting D.diverting
perverting the course of justice.: hđ bất hợp pháp để tránh bị phạt hoặc bắt nhầm người bị trừng phạt
6. I’m realy glad that pompous oaf lost his court case, maybe that will bring him down a ____ or two.
A.step B.notch C.peg D.rung
bring him down a beg or two: làm ai bớt huênh hoang,vênh váo
7. The designer refuses to glid the ____, preferring clean,simple lines for his creations.
A.lily B.flower C.rose D.daisy
Glid the lily: tô điểm
8. -“They say that your wife tends to pry into other people private’s matters.”
- “ I don’t care. It’s no skin off my _______”
A. palm B. skull C. cheek D. Nose
no skin off my skull: không dính dáng đến ai
9. Steve used to be easy to work with, but since his promotion he’s begun to______ .
A. throw his weight around B. throw in the towel
C. throw him off balance D. turn up trumps
throw one’s weight around: cư xử 1 cách kiêu căng
10. It’s important to keep your _____ about you when you are walking through the African bush.
A. wits B. heads C. brains D. minds
keep your wits _ about: cảnh giác,thận trọng vè điều gì
Part 2
Line Mistakes Correction
1 1 economical economic
2 2 with for
3 2 positively positive
4 3 that which
5 4 amount amounts
6 6 from in
7 7 violence violent
8 9 risen raised
9 12 stay staying
10 13 finding find
Part 3
56. B 57. B 58. A 59. C 60. C
61. A62. D 63. B 64. A 65. A
The problems of racial minorities make the headlines occasionally when one group or another
(56)____________ to (57)_____________ their protests against the oppressive treatment of their
authorities. The native Indians have been living within the (58)____________ of their reserves, the
Australian Aborigines have a hard time of integrating with the descendants of the European colonizers and
the African Movement keeps (59)____________ its war against the concealed racial discrimination in
America. There are also cultures and nations whose heritage and history has only remained alive
(60)____________ chronicles and museums. Vast numbers of indigenous populations have been
slaughtered by merciless invaders or persecuted by acquisitive colonizers, then, deprived of their lands,
rights and properties. Many of them have (61)__________ with their oppressors to be finally
(62)___________ 'non-existent'.
One example of such a community is represented by the Ainu people - the original inhabitants of the
Japanese Archipelago whose independent existence was ruined by an extremely rapid assimilation with the
Japanese culture. The Ainu are believed to have possessed very distinct characteristics from those that
(63)__________ the Japanese people. Theirs was a light complexion and thick wavy hair as well as a totally
isolated language. They adored many spirits (64)_________ by natural phenomena like animals, plants or
climatic forces. Once a year they would sacrifice a bear cub at a religious festival which was a sign of
reverent worship for the gods. Now, they are claimed to be no longer existent in their pure form.
By similar means, dozens of other cultures have vanished leaving behind only a trait of their
(65)_________imprinted in the character of the societies that have absorbed them.
56. A. pursues B. resolves C. undergoes D. embarks
Resolve to = make a decision formally or with determination
57. A. place B. stage C. assure D. expose
Stage one’s protest = A protest is the act of saying or showing publicly that you object to something
58. A. boundaries B. realms C. margins D. zones
within the boundaries of =trong giới hạn của cái gì
59. A. deploying B. engaging C. waging D. tackling
wage war=tiến hành đấu tranh,đấu tranh chống lại ai/cái gì
60. A. in lieu of B. in the way of C. by dint of D. for the sake of
by dint of= nhờ vào,do
in lieu of= thay vào đó,thay thế
for the sake of=vì lợi ích của
in the way of= if there is not much in the way of something, there is not much of that particular thing
61. A. intermingled B. exchanged C. intertwined D. incorporated
Intermingle with = become mixed together
62. A. decided B. nicknamed C. presupposed D. classified
Classify= divide things or people into groups according to their type, or to say which group or type
something or someone belongs to
63. A. divulge B. typify C. relate D. sport
Typify= to be characteristic of something
64. A. embodied B. displayed C. ingrained D. defaced
Embody= represent a quality or an idea exactly// include as part of something
65. A. legacy B. heredity C. remnant D. heirloom
Legacy = something that is a part of your history or that remains from an earlier time
Part 4:
66. sense 67. melting 68. to 69. stands 70. included
71. rare 72. as 73. undergone 74. curriculum 75. born
Part 5
: Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. (15 pts)
– 1,5 pts/correct answer ( (TOEFL iBT advanced
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A
6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. D
As more and more countries around the globe move towards industrialization in an attempt to compete in
the global market, an environmental crisis over deforestation --- the cutting down, burning and general
damaging of forests --- is looming for mankind. Over the last several decades, environmental specialists
have proposed various strategies aimed at slowing down this process of deforestation in developing
countries. Many of these proposals are indeed valuable ideas in that they are realistic attempts to address
some of the causes of deforestation, such as farming, cattle ranching, and commercial logging. All of them
rely on government involvement of some kind.
There are three broad categories of solutions: state economic policies, internal agreements, and
international programs. ■ A) Economic policies generally attempt to limit the activity of small farmers
through government actions. ■ B) Government actions can include the clear and proper definition and
enforcement of property rights, meaning that squatting, or illegally settling on land, would be more difficult.
■ C) Subsidies can be used to encourage conservation. That is, money may be paid to supplement the
income of those farmers who make an effort to reduce the usual amount of damage to the forest that their
farms cause. In addition, taxes can act as a deterrent to undesirable land use. ■ D) For example, certain
kinds of agriculture, like the slash-and-burn method, as well as cattle ranching, may be taxed to discourage
these activities.
An internal agreement may be made between governments and indigenous or native people living in the
moist rainforests and open woodlands of the tropics, where the vast majority of this deforestation is
occurring. Such an agreement would allow people to carry on traditional activities adapted for some
economic benefit. One example is the rubber-tappers in Brazil. These native people draw sap from rubber
trees in the rainforest, without damaging or killing the trees. The sap, in turn, is sold to rubber companies,
thereby providing the native people with economic benefits.
Finally, international agreements usually involve the exchange of monetary aid in return for government
action to protect its forests. One such plan seeks to help play a nation’s debt in exchange for restrictions on
certain kinds of activities in rainforests. This is appealing for a poor country such as Brazil, which has an
international debt of $160 billion. Instead of selling logging concessions to play down that obligation, the
government receives money for banning or restricting logging in its forests. There is also the proposal of a
global fund created in order to grant money to countries that choose to protect their environments. While all
of these ideas could possibly work, it remains to be seen whether there will be any real progress in rainforest
conservation.
It is clear that something must be done to protect the forests of the world. If the current rate of
deforestation continues, the world’s rainforests will vanish within 100 years, causing numerous adverse
effects on global climate and eliminating the majority of plant and animal species on the planet.
Deforestation significantly increases the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere each
year, which in turn causes an increase in global temperatures. Also, scientists speculate that the tropical
rainforests, though covering only seven percent of the Earth’s dry surface, contain more than half of the 5
million to 80 million species of plants and animals that comprise the “ biodiversity “ of the planet. The loss
of species resulting from radical climate change will have a drastic effect. The Earth is losing species every
day that could potentially prevent cancer or lead to a cure for AIDS. In addition, other organisms are losing
species they depend upon, and thus face extinction themselves. Unless some form of concrete solution for
deforestation is enacted quickly, the survival of all creatures living on Earth could be in jeopardy.
1. According to paragraphs 3 and 4, what is the main difference between an internal agreement and an
international agreement?
A. International agreements are more effective than internal agreements.
B. An international agreement is between countries; an internal agreement is between a government and its
people.
C. Internal agreements benefit governments; international agreements benefit indigenous groups.
D. Internal agreements are more effective than international ones.
1. Theo đoạn 3 và 4, điểm khác biệt chính giữa thỏa thuận nội bộ và thỏa thuận quốc tế là gì?
A. Các hiệp định quốc tế có hiệu lực hơn các hiệp định nội bộ.
B. Thỏa thuận quốc tế là giữa các quốc gia; một thỏa thuận nội bộ là giữa chính phủ và người dân.
C. Các thỏa thuận nội bộ có lợi cho các chính phủ; các hiệp định quốc tế mang lại lợi ích cho các nhóm bản
địa.
D. Các hiệp định nội bộ có hiệu lực hơn các hiệp định quốc tế.
Clue: - An internal agreement may be made between governments and indigenous or native people living in
the moist rainforests and open woodlands of the tropic
- Finally, international agreements usually involve the exchange of monetary aid in return for government
action to protect its forests.
2. The word "obligation" in paragraph 4 could best be replaced by ________.
A. promise B. relationship C. guarantee D. debt
Obligation: nghĩa vụ ,bổn phận ,mắc nợ
3. In paragraph 1, what does the word "them" refer to?
A. The causes of deforestation
B. Decades
C. Proposals
D. Developing countries
4. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to paragraph 2:
“Deforestation by a peasant farmer is often done to raise crops for subsistence and is driven by the basic
human need for food.”
Where would the sentence best fit? Choose the square [■] where the sentence should be added to the
passage.
A. Line 2 B. Line 3 C. Line 5 D. Line 7
5. Why does the author mention rubber-tappers in paragraph 3?
A. To provide an example of an internal agreement
B. To provide an example of an international agreement
C. To provide an example of a state economic policy
D. To provide an example of why Brazil is a poor nation
5. Tại sao tác giả đề cập đến những chiếc vòi cao su trong đoạn 3?
A. Để cung cấp một ví dụ về một thỏa thuận nội bộ
B. Để cung cấp một ví dụ về một thỏa thuận quốc tế
C. Để cung cấp một ví dụ về chính sách kinh tế của nhà nước
D. Để cung cấp một ví dụ về lý do tại sao Brazil là một quốc gia
Clue: Such an agreement would allow people to carry on traditional activities adapted for some economic
benefit. One example is the rubber-tappers in Brazil (Một thỏa thuận như vậy sẽ cho phép mọi người thực
hiện các hoạt động truyền thống được điều chỉnh vì một số lợi ích kinh tế. Một ví dụ là những người cạo mủ
cao su ở Brazil.)
6. According to the passage, what are the major adverse effects of deforestation?
A. An increase in carbon dioxide and decrease in biodiversity
B. Warmer weather and an increase in biodiversity
C. Loss of plant and animal species and an increase in global debt
D. An increase in global debt and human diseases
Clue: If the current rate of deforestation continues, the world’s rainforests will vanish within 100 years,
causing numerous adverse effects on global climate and eliminating the majority of plant and animal species
on the planet. Deforestation significantly increases the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the
atmosphere each year, which in turn causes an increase in global temperatures. (Nếu tốc độ phá rừng tiếp
diễn như hiện nay, các khu rừng nhiệt đới trên thế giới sẽ biến mất trong vòng 100 năm, gây ra nhiều tác
động xấu đến khí hậu toàn cầu và loại bỏ phần lớn các loài động thực vật trên hành tinh. Phá rừng làm tăng
đáng kể lượng carbon dioxide (CO2) thải vào khí quyển mỗi năm, do đó làm tăng nhiệt độ toàn cầu.)
7. Which of the following sentences best expresses the essential information of the highlighted sentence?
A. In coming decades, environmental scientists will suggest several strategies for stopping deforestation in
third-world countries.
B. Environmental scientists, in recent years, have suggested that deforestation slows down the process of
development in various countries.
C. In recent decades, several methods for countering deforestation in poor countries have been suggested by
experts on the environment.
D. Experts on the environment have been concerned about the impact of deforestation on the Earth's
biodiversity in recent decades.
=> Trong những thập kỷ gần đây, một số phương pháp để chống lại nạn phá rừng ở các nước nghèo đã được
các chuyên gia về môi trường đề xuất.
8. From the passage, it can be inferred that ________.
A. state economic policies are more effective than international agreements
B. indigenous peoples in the tropics depend on forestry to make money
C. the three types of solutions mentioned will save the rainforests
D. deforestation is not a very serious problem
Clue: One example is the rubber-tappers in Brazil. These native people draw sap from rubber trees in the
rainforest, without damaging or killing the trees. The sap, in turn, is sold to rubber companies, thereby
providing the native people with economic benefits(.Một ví dụ là những người cạo mủ cao su ở Brazil.
Những người bản địa này lấy nhựa từ cây cao su trong rừng nhiệt đới, mà không làm hư hại hoặc giết chết
cây. Đến lượt mình, nhựa cây được bán cho các công ty cao su, nhờ đó mang lại lợi ích kinh tế cho người
dân bản địa.)
9. The word "deterrent" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. fine B. penalty C. incentive D. discouragement
Deterrent: làm nản lòng,răn đe
10. The word "this" in paragraph 4 refers to _________.
A. a poor country
B. a nation's debt
C. an international agreement
D. an obligation

Part 6. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. (15 pts)- 1,5 pts/correct answer
1. ii
2. vii
3. v
4. vi
5. False
6. True
7. NOT GIVEN
8. vertical integration
9. movie moguls
10. divestiture
The Hollywood Film Industry
A This chapter examines the ‘Golden Age’ of the Hollywood film studio system and explores how a
particular kind of filmmaking developed during this period in US film history. It also focuses on the two key
elements which influenced the emergence of the classic Hollywood studio system: the advent of sound and
the business ideal of vertical integration. In addition to its historical interest, inspecting the growth of the
studio system may offer clues regarding the kinds of struggles that accompany the growth of any new
medium. It might, in fact, be intriguing to examine which changes occurred during the growth of Hollywood
studio, and compare those changes to contemporary struggles in which production companies are trying to
define and control emerging industries, such as online film and interactive television.
B ii. The movie industry adapts to innovation
the shift of the industry away from ‘silent’ films began during the late 1920s. Warner Bros’
1927 film The Jazz Singer was the first to feature synchronized speech, and with it came a period
of turmoil for the industry. Studios now had proof that ‘talkie’ films would make them money,
but the financial investment this kind of filmmaking would require, from new
camera equipment to new projection facilities, made the studios hesitant to invest at first
(Q20). In the end, the power of cinematic sound to both move audiences and enhance the story
persuaded studios that talkies were worth investing in. Overall, the use of sound in film was
well-received by audiences, but there were still many technical factors to consider.
Although full integration of sound into movies was complete by 1930 (Q15), it would take
somewhat longer for them to regain their stylistic elegance and dexterity. The camera now had to
be encased in a big, clumsy, unmoveable soundproof box. In addition, actors struggled,
having to direct their speech to awkwardly-hidden microphones in huge plants, telephones
or even costumes (Q21).
 Turmoil /ˈtɜː.mɔɪl/ (noun): sự hỗn loạn
 Hesitant to do something /ˈhez.ɪ.tənt/ (adj): do dự
 Dexterity /dekˈster.ə.ti/ (noun): sự khéo léo
 Encase something /ɪnˈkeɪs/ (verb): bao, bọc
Sự chuyển dịch của ngành công nghiệp khỏi phim ‘câm’ bắt đầu vào cuối những năm 1920. Bộ
phim năm 1927 The Jazz Singer của Warner Bros là bộ phim đầu tiên có lời đồng bộ, và cùng với
nó là một thời kỳ hỗn loạn đối với ngành công nghiệp này. Các hãng phim hiện tin rằng phim âm
thanh sẽ kiếm tiền cho họ, nhưng việc đầu tư tài chính cho loại hình làm phim này, từ thiết bị máy
quay mới đến phương tiện chiếu mới, đã khiến các hãng phim do dự đầu tư lúc đầu. Cuối cùng,
sức mạnh của âm thanh điện ảnh vừa khiến khán giả xúc động vừa nâng cao câu chuyện đã
thuyết phục các hãng phim rằng phim đáng đầu tư. Nhìn chung, việc sử dụng âm thanh trong
phim được khán giả đón nhận, nhưng vẫn còn nhiều yếu tố kỹ thuật cần xem xét. Mặc dù việc tích
hợp đầy đủ âm thanh vào phim đã hoàn tất vào năm 1930, nhưng đã mất nhiều thời gian hơn để
chúng lấy lại sự sang trọng và khéo léo trong phong cách của mình. Máy ảnh bây giờ phải ở trong
một cái hộp cách âm to lớn, vụng về và không thể di chuyển được. Ngoài ra, các diễn viên gặp
khó khăn khi phải hướng lời nói của họ đến những chiếc micro được giấu một cách vụng về trong
những cây to, điện thoại hay thậm chí là trang phục.

C vii. Gaining control of the industry

Vertical integration is the other key component in the rise of the Hollywood studio system. The major
studios realized they could increase their profits by handling each stage of a film’s life: production (making
the film), distribution (getting the film out to people) and exhibition (owning the theaters in major cities
where films were shown first). Five studios, ‘The Big Five’, worked to achieve vertical integration through
the late 1940s, owning vast real estate on which to construct elaborate sets. In addition, these studios set the
exact terms of films’ release dates and patterns. Warner Bros., Paramount, 20th Century Fox, MGM and
RKO formed this exclusive club. ‘The Little Three’ studios - Universal, Columbia and United Artists - also
made pictures, but each lacked one of the crucial elements of vertical integration. Together these eight
companies operated as a mature oligopoly, essentially running the entire market.
Vertical integration is the other key component in the rise of the Hollywood studio system.
The major studios realized they could increase their profits by handling each stage of a
film’s life: production (making the film), distribution (getting the film out to people) and
exhibition (owning the theaters in major cities where films were shown first) (Q24). Five
studios, ‘The Big Five’, worked to achieve vertical integration through the late 1940s, owning vast
real estate on which to construct elaborate sets. In addition, these studios set the exact terms of
films’ release dates and patterns. Warner Bros., Paramount, 20th Century Fox, MGM and RKO
formed this exclusive club. ‘The Little Three’ studios – Universal, Columbia and United Artists –
also made pictures, but each lacked one of the crucial elements of vertical integration. Together
these eight companies operated as a mature oligopoly, essentially running the entire
market (Q16).
 Exclusive /ɪkˈskluː.sɪv/ (adj): độc quyền
 Oligopoly /ˌɒl.ɪˈɡɒp.əl.i/ (noun): thế độc quyền
Tích hợp theo chiều dọc là một thành phần quan trọng khác trong sự trỗi dậy của hệ thống trường
quay Hollywood. Các hãng phim lớn nhận ra rằng họ có thể tăng lợi nhuận bằng cách xử lý từng
giai đoạn trong vòng đời của một bộ phim: sản xuất (làm phim), phân phối (đưa phim đến với mọi
người) và triển lãm (sở hữu các rạp chiếu ở các thành phố lớn nơi phim được chiếu đầu tiên). Năm
studio, ‘The Big Five’, đã làm việc để đạt được sự tích hợp theo chiều dọc đến cuối những năm
1940, sở hữu bất động sản rộng lớn để xây dựng các bộ phim công phu. Ngoài ra, các hãng phim
này đặt ra các điều khoản chính xác về ngày và hình thức phát hành của các bộ phim. Warner
Bros., Paramount, 20th Century Fox, MGM và RKO đã thành lập câu lạc bộ độc quyền này. Các
hãng phim của ‘The Little Three’ – Universal, Columbia và United Artists – cũng đã thực hiện các
bức tranh, nhưng mỗi hãng đều thiếu một trong những yếu tố quan trọng của tích hợp theo chiều
dọc. Cùng với nhau, tám công ty này hoạt động như một tổ chức độc quyền lớn mạnh, về cơ bản
điều hành toàn bộ thị trường.

D i. The power with each studio

During the Golden Age, the studios were remarkably consistent and stable enterprises, due in large part to
long-term management heads - the infamous ‘movie moguls’ who ruled their kingdoms with iron fists. At
MGM, Warner Bros, and Columbia, the same men ran their studios for decades. The rise of the studio
system also hinges on the treatment of stars, who were constructed and exploited to suit a studio’s image and
schedule. Actors were bound up in seven-year contracts to a single studio, and the studio boss generally held
all the options. Stars could be loaned out to other production companies at any time. Studio bosses could
also force bad roles on actors, and manipulate every single detail of stars’ images with their mammoth in-
house publicity departments. Some have compared the Hollywood studio system to a factory, and it is useful
to remember that studios were out to make money first and art second.
During the Golden Age, the studios were remarkably consistent and stable enterprises, due
in large part to long-term management heads – the infamous ‘movie moguls’ who ruled
their kingdoms with iron fists. At MGM, Warner Bros, and Columbia, the same men ran their
studios for decades (Q17) (Q25). The rise of the studio system also hinges on the treatment of
stars, who were constructed and exploited to suit a studio’s image and schedule. Actors were
bound up in seven-year contracts to a single studio, and the studio boss generally held all the
options. Stars could be loaned out to other production companies at any time. Studio bosses
could also force bad roles on actors, and manipulate every single detail of stars’ images
with their mammoth in- house publicity departments (Q23). Some have compared the
Hollywood studio system to a factory, and it is useful to remember that studios were out to make
money first and art second.
 Infamous /ˈɪnfəməs/ (adj): khét tiếng
 Mogul /ˈməʊɡl/ (noun): ông trùm
 Hinge on somebody/ something /hɪndʒ/ (phrasal verb): phụ thuộc vào
 Mammoth /ˈmæməθ/ (adj): khổng lồ
Trong suốt thời kỳ Hoàng kim, các hãng phim là những doanh nghiệp ổn định và nhất quán, phần
lớn là do những người đứng đầu quản lý lâu năm – những ‘ông trùm điện ảnh’ khét tiếng, những
người cai trị vương quốc của họ bằng nắm đấm sắt. Tại MGM, Warner Bros và Columbia, chính
những người đàn ông này đã điều hành hãng phim của họ trong nhiều thập kỷ. Sự nổi lên của hệ
thống studio cũng xoay quanh việc đối xử với các ngôi sao, những người được xây dựng và khai
thác để phù hợp với hình ảnh và lịch trình của studio. Các diễn viên bị ràng buộc trong hợp đồng
bảy năm với một hãng phim duy nhất, và ông chủ hãng phim thường nắm giữ tất cả các lựa chọn.
Các ngôi sao có thể được cho các công ty sản xuất khác mượn bất cứ lúc nào. Các ông chủ hãng
phim cũng có thể buộc các diễn viên đóng vai xấu, và thao túng từng chi tiết nhỏ nhất trong hình
ảnh của các ngôi sao bằng các bộ phận quảng cáo nội bộ khổng lồ của họ. Một số người đã so
sánh hệ thống trường quay của Hollywood với một nhà máy, và thật hữu ích khi nhớ rằng các
hãng phim kiếm tiền trước tiên và nghệ thuật thứ hai.

E v. Distinguishing themselves from the rest of the market

On the other hand, studios also had to cultivate flexibility, in addition to consistent factory output. Studio
heads realized that they couldn’t make virtually the same film over and over again with the same cast of
stars and still expect to keep turning a profit. They also had to create product differentiation. Examining how
each production company tried to differentiate itself has led to loose characterizations of individual studios’
styles. MGM tended to put out a lot of all-star productions while Paramount excelled in comedy and Warner
Bros, developed a reputation for gritty social realism. 20th Century Fox forged the musical and a great deal
of prestige biographies, while Universal specialized in classic horror movies.
On the other hand, studios also had to cultivate flexibility, in addition to consistent factory
output. Studio heads realized that they couldn’t make virtually the same film over and over
again with the same cast of stars and still expect to keep turning a profit. They also had to
create product differentiation (Q18). Examining how each production company tried to
differentiate itself has led to loose characterizations of individual studios’ styles. MGM tended to
put out a lot of all-star productions while Paramount excelled in comedy and Warner Bros,
developed a reputation for gritty social realism. 20th Century Fox forged the musical and a great
deal of prestige biographies, while Universal specialized in classic horror movies.
 Cultivate something /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/ (verb): trau dồi, phát triển
 Differentiate somebody/ something (verb): phân biệt, làm cho khác
Mặt khác, các hãng phim cũng phải trau dồi tính linh hoạt, bên cạnh đầu ra ổn định của nhà máy.
Những người đứng đầu hãng phim nhận ra rằng họ không thể làm đi làm lại cùng một bộ phim với
cùng một dàn ngôi sao và vẫn kỳ vọng tiếp tục thu được lợi nhuận. Họ cũng phải tạo ra sự khác
biệt của sản phẩm. Việc kiểm tra xem mỗi công ty sản xuất cố gắng tạo sự khác biệt như thế nào
đã dẫn đến những đặc điểm lỏng lẻo về phong cách của từng studio. MGM có xu hướng đưa ra
nhiều tác phẩm toàn sao trong khi Paramount xuất sắc trong mảng hài và Warner Bros, đã phát
triển danh tiếng về chủ nghĩa hiện thực xã hội gay gắt. 20th Century Fox đã tạo ra vở nhạc kịch và
rất nhiều tiểu sử danh tiếng, trong khi Universal chuyên về phim kinh dị cổ điển.

F vi. A double attack on film studios’ power

In 1948, struggling independent movie producers and exhibitors finally triumphed in their battle against the
big studios’ monopolistic behavior. In the United States versus Paramount federal decree of that year, the
studios were ordered to give up their theaters in what is commonly referred to as ‘divestiture’ - opening the
market to smaller producers. This, coupled with the advent of television in the 1950s, seriously
compromised the studio system’s influence and profits. Hence, 1930 and 1948 are generally considered
bookends to Hollywood’s Golden Age.
In 1948, struggling independent movie producers and exhibitors finally triumphed in their battle
against the big studios’ monopolistic behavior. In the United States versus Paramount
federal decree of that year, the studios were ordered to give up their theaters in what is
commonly referred to as ‘divestiture’ – opening the market to smaller producers. This,
coupled with the advent of television in the 1950s, seriously compromised the studio
system’s influence and profits (Q19) (Q26). Hence, 1930 and 1948 are generally considered
bookends to Hollywood’s Golden Age.
 Triumph /ˈtraɪʌmf/ (verb): chiến thắng
 Order somebody to do something /ˈɔːdə(r)/ (verb): yêu cầu
  Disvestiture /daɪˈvestɪtʃə(r)/ (noun): thu hồi vốn
Năm 1948, các nhà sản xuất phim độc lập và các nhà triển lãm đang gặp khó khăn cuối cùng đã
chiến thắng trong cuộc chiến chống lại hành vi độc quyền của các hãng phim lớn. Tại Hoa Kỳ so
với nghị định liên bang của Paramount vào năm đó, các hãng phim đã được lệnh từ bỏ rạp chiếu
của họ trong cái thường được gọi là ‘thu hồi vốn’ – mở cửa thị trường cho các nhà sản xuất nhỏ
hơn. Điều này, cùng với sự ra đời của truyền hình vào những năm 1950, đã ảnh hưởng nghiêm
trọng đến ảnh hưởng và lợi nhuận của hệ thống studio. Do đó, những năm 1930 và 1948 thường
được coi là Thời kỳ Hoàng kim của Hollywood.
Part 7
47 C. Last sentence of the text. The tower had been closed and demolished (destroyed)

48 A. Second sentence of paragraph two says that the artist ‘does not seek to confirm how the world looks’.
This means that the works are fairly abstract rather than objective in their nature.

49 C. First sentence of the paragraph mentions that most find the industrial sites ‘unsightly’ — not very
pretty or outright ugly.

50 B. In the middle of second paragraph the author describes his own interpretation of his picture, which is
rather different from other people’s.

51 B. Second paragraph, second half of it tells of how the artist had to put the painting in bathtub to achieve
certain colour or artistic effect.Next sentence says that it can be dangerous because the results can’t be
controlled.
52 D. In the lower part of second paragraph the artist mentions how he comes to the same cafe twice to
make sure that no minor details are missing from his painting.

53 B. The last sentence of second paragraph mentions how the artist reworked everything to ‘establish links
throughout the composition’.

54 B. The very first sentence says that he uses both studio and open-air locations for painting. We can’t use
Paragraph A for answer even though the artist mentions exploring the coastline. This is because the question
is asked in Present Simple, meaning that the artist does that on a regular basis. Paragraph A talks of an
experience that is in the past.

55 A. The artist states that the painting is ‘the largest I’ve ever attempted’. It is the size of the painting that
makes it different from other works of the same author.

56 D. The author looks for ‘bespoke interiors’ and individuals that attend those pubs

Part 8
1. David should concentrate more on his studies.
David should apply himself more to his studies.
apply oneself more to: make oneself work hard in order to complete something successfully

2. That the socialists won the election was totally unexpected.

The socialists’winning the election came as a surprise.
came as a surprise: là điều gây ngạc nhiên,gây bất ngờ
3. I have to write everything out in triplicate and I’m completely fed up with it.
I’m sick to death of having to write everything out in triplicate.
- Sick to death of someone or something: exceedingly wearied by, bored of or exasperated with someone or
something
4. I’m sick of that program because I’ve watched it too often.
I’ve gone off that program because I’ve watched it too often.
- Go off something: be bored of something
5. Tom teased Alice about her new hairstyle.
Tom poked fun at Alice’s new hairstyle.
- Poke fun at something: cười nhạo,lấy ai làm trò đùa
6. Do you understand what he’s written at the end?
- Can you make any sense of what he’s written at the end?
Make sense of something: hiểu rõ cái gì
7. If the referee hadn’t intervened promptly, a fight would have developed on the pitch.
- But for the referee’s prompt intervention, a fight would have developed on the pitch.
8. Fiona will not join the strike because she thinks it is morally incorrect.
- It is a matter of principle that she won’t join the strike.
A matter of principle: a situation that requires something be done a certain way because one believes it is the
only right way
4. Our plans to visit Jamaica this summer have fallen through again.
- Our plans to visit Jamaica this summer have come to nothing again.
Come to nothing: thất bại,không đi đến kết quả
5. Mary was always making Jones the subject of her cruel jokes.
- Jones was always the butt of Mary’s cruel jokes.
Be the butt of something: if you are the butt of jokes or criticism, people often make jokes about you or
criticize you.

Test 14
Phần 1;
Part 1: You will hear a radio interview with a woman called Sarah who was rescued from a sinking yacht.
For questions 6-10, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. Write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (10 pts)
6. What was the weather like when Sarah and the others set out?
A. as they had anticipated
B. like it had been the day before
C. better than on the outward journey
D. showing signs of improvement
7. Sarah and Peter decided to turn back rather than continue because
A. the crew were getting tired.
B. the boat was leaking.
C. it was a shorted distance to cover.
D. they followed the advice they were given.
8. What problem did they have when the tanker arrived?
A. The plane had given the wrong position.
B. They weren’t visible.
C. It came too close to them.
D. The flares wouldn’t work.
9. Why were there difficulties with the small rescue boat?
A. The four men were too heavy for it.
B. It was brought up too fast.
C. The people holding it weren’t strong enough.
D. It hadn’t been fixed to the rope carefully enough.
10. What mistake does Sarah now realize she made during the rescue?
A. trying to save as many valuables as possible
B. underestimating the difficulty of climbing a rope ladder
C. letting the others be rescued first
D. trying to save the boat from sinking
Your answers:
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 2: You will hear an interview with an Irish-Australian writer and broadcaster called Patrick O’Reilly
who writes in the Irish-Gaelic language. For questions 11-15, decide whether the statements are true (T)
or false (F). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (10 pts)
11. The Irish language is significant to Patrick because it is a major part of his cultural heritage.
12. Irish has particularly impressed Patrick with its role in broadcasting.
13. Patrick was keen to learn Irish because he wanted to be actively involved in its revival.
14. According to Patrick, what makes Irish different from other languages in Australia is that it has not gone
through a process of evolution.
15. Concerning other people’s explanations of why they are learning English, Patrick says that they may not
reveal the whole truth.
Your answers:
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Part 3: You will hear a radio interview with a stuntman. For questions 16-25, complete the notes which
summarise what the speaker says. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (10 pts)
16. Actors don’t always do all the _______________________ in a film.
17. Bill had to fight with ________________________ in his latest film.
18. Bill says that every job is ______________________.
19. Bill works for less than half the _________________________.
20. When Bill isn’t working, he’s with ______________________.
21. ________________________ are not necessary to become a stuntman.
22. _____________________ are available for people thinking of doing stunt work.
23. Stuntmen need to learn ________________________properly.
24. Bill was a _____________________ before he became he became a stuntman.
25. The first film Bill worked on was about ________________________.
Your answers:
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

Part 1: A.PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS

31. “Don’t be a law __________ yourself!” – the mom shouted.
A. onto B. up after C. in for D. unto
32. Linda was __________ herself with joy when her friends threw a surprise party for her birthday.
A. beyond B. on and off C. beside D. at
33. Until this evening, Hannah is still ___________ away at her unfinished report.
A. hammering B. grinding C. whiling D. axing
34. After a four-day holiday, they began to work ____________.
A. on end B. out of bounds C. in proportions D. in earnest
35. The fact that a member holding authoritative power rides roughshod _________ innocent residents
exists in any society, even the democratic one.
A. on B. over C. at D. against
36. One’s childhood heavily rubs ____________ one’s character traits.
A. off on B. together C. in with D. along
37. You don’t ____________ all this nonsense, do you?
A. cordon off B. buy into C. edge out D. hit on
38. After our busy day, we both sat and ____________ in front of the TV.
A. nodded off B. slipped out C. flaked off D. knocked out
39. The story draws heavily ____________ how strict the writer’s upbringing was.
A. toward B. in C. on D. into
40. Jacobin cuckoo is a _____________ of monsoon.
A. forerunner B. harbinger C. premonition D. herald

B.. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS

31. This lovely new dress fist like a __________.
A. treat B. gauntlet C. gown D. glove
32. The designer refuses to gild the _________, preferring clean, simple lines for his creations.
A.lily B. flower C. rose D. daisy
33. Gina finally __________ and admitted that she had broken the vase.
A. threw in the towel B. made a clean breast of it
C. read her the riot act D. let her hair down
34. There are no hills around and the area is as flat as a ____________.
A. stick B. coin C. feather D. pancake
35. It’s time we changed the ___________ regarding the roles in the family.
A. idée fixe B. carte blanche C. hoi polloi D. social milieu
36. During pioneer days a lot of land in the United States was up for ________.
A.gain B. promotion C. taking D. grabs
37. I warned her not to say sensitive things but she was like a bull in a(n) ____________ shop
A. India B. Nepal C. China D. Japan
38. The argument drove a ___________ between party members.
A. wedge B. linchpin C. needle D. sword
39. The government is making little _________ in its fight to beat inflation.
A. advance B. headway C. forward D. forward
40. It must be true. I heard it straight from the _________mouth.
A. dog's B. horse's C. camel's D. cat's
Part 2: . The passage below contains 10 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and write the corrections in the corresponded numbered
boxes. (10pt)
Line
0 For at less five centuries attempts have been made to devise a system of notation to
1 record the sequence of movement in dances. Scholars believe that the ancient
2 Egyptians made use of hieroglyphs to do this and that Romans employed a method of
3 notation for formal gestures. However, the earliest known attempt, recording in two
4 manuscripts preserved in the Municipal Archives of Cervera, Spain, dates from the
5 second half of the fifteenth century. From that time, many other systems have been
6 devised. Some were published and achieved a measure of popularity for a while, but
7 almost all, until the present day, fell eventually in disuse.
8 It is significant that music notation, which opened the way for development in the art
9 of music as we know it today, was first conceived in their modern form in the eleventh
10 century, but was not established as a uniform system till the beginning of the
11 eighteenth. Dance notation got off to a much later start and has undergone a long
12 success of false attempts. Those so many successful beginnings were made is not
13 surprising. Dance is more complex than music lest it exists in space as well as in time
14 and because the body itself is capable of so many simultaneous modes of action.
15 Consequently, the problems of formulating a movement notation that can be easily
16 written and read are numerical.
17
18

Your answers:
Line Mistakes Correction
0 0 Less Least
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Part 3:From the words listed below, choose the one which best fits the space, A, B, C or D.
 LONDON’S BLACK CABS
Black cabs, officially known as Hackney Carriages, are (1) _______ London and are special for a number of
reasons. For a start, they are the only taxis in the city that can be hailed from the kerb with a raised hand
signal to get the driver’s attention. Currently, it is estimated that there are 20,000 black cabs (2) _______ on
the capital’s streets. Their origin, in fact, can be (3) _______ the name ‘Hackney Carriage’ said to derive
from the French word haquenée referring to the type of horse used to pull the carriages in the days of horse-
drawn carriages. The first horse-drawn Hackney coaches appeared on London’s streets in the 17th century
during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. As transport developed and motor cars were (4) _______, motor cabs
replaced the horse-drawn carriages. Since the end of the 19th century, various car manufacturers’ vehicles
have been used as motor cabs but it was not until the mid-20th century that the cabs we have been (5)
_______ over the last decades first appeared.
It is such a(n) (6) _______ of becoming a black cab driver in London and it is (7) _______. If you want to
gain this honour you will need to have passed the infamous test known as ‘the Knowledge’, which was first
introduced in 1851 following (8) _______ of complaints by passengers whose cab drivers got lost. This
incredibly difficult test can take around three or four years to prepare for and you can often catch a glimpse
of those drivers who are doing just this zipping around London on their mopeds, with a map (9) _______ to
a clipboard on their handlebars. These people are essentially trying not only to master the 25,000 or so
streets within a six-mile radius of Charing Cross, but also to work out the most direct routes from place to
place. They must know thousands of ‘points of interest’ such as hotels, hospitals, places of worship, theatres,
stations, sports and leisure facilities, to name but a few. Practically everywhere and anywhere that a potential
passenger would wish to be taken to or from must be known, so a nodding acquaintance, for a black cab
driver, is (10) _______, and perhaps this is the most difficult part, knowing the quickest way to get from one
place to another. Little wonder so few people are successful.

1. A. commensurate with B. equivalent to C. synonymous with D. tantamount to

2. A. hereabouts B. hither and thither C. or thereabouts D. there and then
3. A. ferreted out from B. hunted down from C. mapped out to D. traced back to
4. A. all the rage B. of high standing C. of repute D. in vogue
5. A. clued in on B. gunned up on C. in the know about D. no stranger to
6. A. handiwork B. procurement C. realisation D. undertaking
7. A. beyond you B. no brainer C. no mean feat D. over your head
8. A. droves B. hordes C. packs D. swarms
9. A. chained B. fastened C. linked D. sealed
10. A. beyond measure B. beyond redemption C. beyond the pale D. beyond the
veil
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 4. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each
gap. Write your answer in correspondent numbered boxes. (10pts)
Despite the continued resilience of those early town perks, it wasn’t until the Depression that modern
Hershey started to take (1) …………. Perhaps the only town in the country actually to prosper during the
1930s, it thrived because Hershey vowed his Utopia would never be on the (2) …………... Instead he
funded a massive building boom that gave (3) …………. to the most visited buildings in today’s Hershey
and delivered wages to more than 600 workers. He admitted that his (4) …………. were partly selfish: “If I
don’t provide work for them, I’ll have to feed them. And since building materials are now at their lowest
cost levels, I’m going to build and give them jobs.” He seems to have spared no (5) ………….; most of the
new buildings were strikingly opulent. The first to be finished was the three-million-dollar limestone
Community Centre, home to the 1,904-seat Venetian-style Hershey Community Theatre, which has played
(6) …………. since 1933 to touring Broadway shows and to music, dance, and opera performances. It offers
just as much to look at when the lights are on and the curtains closed. The floors in the aptly (7) ………….
Grand Lobby are polished Italian lava rock, surrounded by marble walls and capped with a bas-relief ceiling
showing (8) …………. of wheat, beehives, swans, and scenes from Roman mythology. With dazzling inner
foyer, Hershey (9) …………. his nose even harder at the ravages of the Depression: The arched ceiling is
tiled in gold, the fire curtain bears a painting of Venice, and the ceiling is studded with 88 tiny lightbulbs to
re-create a star-(10) …………. night.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10.

Part 5 Read the following passage and choose the answer that best fits. (15 points)
RIGHT-HAND DOMINANCE
Humans are disproportionately right-handed. Scientists have not been able to agree over the exact
percentages of right versus left-handers because there is no accepted standard for identifying which hand is
dominant. For example, some people who write or throw with their right hands may perform other tasks with
their left hands or may kick a ball with their left foot. Absent an objective measure, therefore, the range of
estimates is wide. Right-handers are said to make up 85% to 95% of all people and left-handers 5%-15%,
while the remaining tiny percentage are ambidextrous, so they can use both hands with equal ability.
Perhaps the most unusual fact about right-hand dominance is how little we know about its causes.
Several theories have been proposed. Some evidence exists that the phenomenon is genetic, but genetics
cannot agree on the process by which handedness may be passed on by inheritance. Social and cultural
forces can also cause a preference for one hand, as when teachers or parents force a naturally left-handed
child to use their right hand. And it has been observed by anthropologist that left-handedness tends to be less
common in restrictive societies and more common in permissive ones. But no consensus has been reached
on how that could occur.
The most credible explanations center on functions inside the brain. It has been shown that the
brain’s two hemispheres control the opposite side of the body. It has been suggested that the nerves in the
brain cross over at neck level to the other side of the body so that the right half of the brain governs the left
side of the body while the left half governs the right side. Scientists believe that the left half of the brain
evolved in such a way as to predominate over the right half. As a result, the right side of the body is
controlled by the more influential left hemisphere, causing the right side to be more adept at physical tasks.
But when a person is born with a dominant right hemisphere, that person will be left-handed. Some
researchers have argued that some left-handedness may have a pathological origin, having been caused by
brain trauma during birth.
A theory grounded in evolution is the “warrior and his shield theory”. This theory explains that right-
handedness evolved over time to be dominant because a right-handed warrior would hold his shield in his
left hand to protect his heart and to leave his right hand to free to hold a weapon. A left-handed warrior, in
contrast, would hold his weapon in his left hand and his shield in his right, leaving his heart exposed. Thus a
right-handed warrior, with his heart protected against enemy attacks, was more likely to survive. By the
process of natural selection, the trait for right-handedness became favored over that for left-handedness.
Another theory focuses on the naturally asymmetrical arrangement of the human body. Such
asymmetry is evidenced by the observable facts that the right side of the face is slightly different from the
left, that one leg is stronger or longer than the other, and that one foot is larger than the other one. Right-
handedness, the theory proposes, is just another example of this natural asymmetry.
(A) A consequence of right-hand dominance is that most common consumer products are geared to
right-handers only, leaving left-handers to struggle to adapt to designs not made with them in mind. (B)
Some of these include scissors, doorknobs, locks, screwdrivers, automobile fixtures, refrigerators, can
openers, clothes buttons, and fasteners, and musical instruments. (C) The result of this design bias can be
more than mere inconvenience. (D) Some left-handed soldiers shooting rifles designed for right-handers
have sustained eye hand head injuries from ejected shell casings.
Hand dominance does not seem to occur in non-human animal species. While some individual
animals can be seen developing a preference for one hand or the other, there is no evidence that this
preference is common to the species as a whole, as it is in humans. Some scientists claim to have observed
such dominance in animals but only in controlled settings, such as a zoo or laboratory, and only when the
animals are performing manual tasks that do not mirror how they use their hands in the wild.
1. The word “absent” in the passage is closest in meaning to
a. using b. resisting c. lacking d. substituting
2. According to paragraph 3, which of the following is a possible cause of left-hand dominance?
a. the dominance of the brain’s left hemisphere
b. the natural weakness of a human’s right side
c. a child’s choice upon reaching school age
d. brain trauma in birth
3. The word “adept” in the passage is closest in meaning to
a. speedy b. skilled c. careful d. accustomed
4. According to paragraph 4, which of the following are true about the “warrior and his shield theory”?
a. a left-handed warrior is favored by natural selection.
b. a right-handed warrior holds his weapon in his left hand.
c. a left-handed warrior holds his weapon in his right hand.
d. a left-handed warrior leaves his heart unprotected.
5. The word “that” in the passage refers to
a. warrior b. heart c. process of natural selection d. trait
6. According to paragraph 6, left-handers would have trouble handling all of the following EXCEPT:
a. refrigerators b. violins c. pencils d. shirt buttons
7. The word “asymmetrical” in the passage is closest in meaning to
a. deformed b. imbalanced c. geometrical d. variable
8. Look at the four letters (A) (B) (C) (D) that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the
passage.
Left-handers often search for custom-made versions of these products.
Where would the sentence best fit?
a. (A) b. (B) c. (C) d. (D)
9. Why does the author mention “eye and head injuries” suffered by some left-handed soldiers shooting
their rifles?
a. to illustrate the “warrior and his shield theory”
b. to give an example of the problems faced by left-handers
c. to argue that soldiers should wear head protection
d. to contrast rifle design with the design of common consumer products
10. According to the last paragraph, which of the following is true about hand dominance in animals?
a. it is the same as in humans.
b. it is observed only in the wild.
c. animals in controlled settings adopt the hand dominance of their handlers.
d. it has been observed only with manual tasks.
Part 6
. The reading passage has five paragraphs A-E.
For questions 1-5, choose the correct heading for paragraphs A, B, C, D, and E from the list
of the headings below. Write your answers in answer box below. (10pts)

List of Headings
i Complaints about the impact of a certain approach
ii Fundamental beliefs that are in fact incorrect
iii Early recommendations concerning business activities
iv Organizations that put a new approach into practice
v Companies that have suffered from changing their approach
vi What people are increasingly expected to do
vii How to achieve outcomes that are currently impossible
viii Neither approach guarantee continuous improvement
Evidence that a certain approach can have more disadvantages than
ix
advantages

1. Paragraph A ___________
2. Paragraph B ___________
3. Paragraph C ___________
4. Paragraph D ___________
5. Paragraph E ___________

WHY COMPANIES SHOULD WELCOME DISORDER

A. Organizations is big business. Whether it is of our lives – all those inboxes and calendars or how
companies are structured, a multi-billion dollar industry helps to meet this need. We have more strategies for
time management, project management and self-organization than at any other time in human history. We
are told that we ought to organize our company, our home life, our week, our day and even our sleep, all as a
means to becoming more productive. Every week, countless seminars and workshops take place around the
world to tell a paying public that they ought to structure their lives in order to achieve this. This rhetoric has
also crept into the thinking of business leaders and entrepreneurs, much to the delight of self-proclaimed
perfectionists with the need to get everything right. The number of business schools and graduates has
massively increased over the past 50 years, essentially teaching people how to organize well.
B. Ironically, however, the number of business that fail has also steadily increased. Work-related stress
has increased. A large proportion of workers from all demographics claim to be dissatisfied with the way
their work is structures and the way they are managed. This begs the question: what has gone wrong? Why
is it that on paper the drive for organization seems a sure shot for increasing productivity, but in reality falls
well short of what is expected?
C. This has been a problem for a while now. Frederick Taylor was one of the forefathers of scientific
management. Writing in the first half of the 20 th century, he designed a number of principles to improve the
efficiency of the work process, which have since become widespread in modern companies. So the approach
has been around for a while.
D. New research suggests that this obsession with efficiency is misguided. The problem is not
necessarily the management theories or strategies we use to organize our work; it’s the basic assumptions we
hold in approaching how we work. Here it’s the assumption that order is a necessary condition for
productivity. This assumption has also fostered the idea that disorder must be detrimental to organizational
productivity. The result is that businesses and people spend time and money organizing themselves for the
sake of organizing, rather than actually looking at the end goal and usefulness of such an effort.
E. What’s more, recent studies show that order actually has diminishing returns. Order does increase
productivity to a certain extent, but eventually the usefulness of the process of order reduces productivity.
Some argue that in a business, if the cost of formally structuring something outweighs the benefits of doing
it, then that thing ought not to be formally structured. Instead, the resources involved can be better used
elsewhere.
For questions 6 - 10, choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS to complete the
sentences below. (10pts)
6. Numerous training sessions are aimed at people who feel they are not ________ enough.
7. Being organized appeal to people who regard themselves as ________.
8. Many people feel ________ with aspects of their work.
9. Both businesses and people aim at order without considering its ultimate________.
10. Recent studies show that one shortcoming of order is that it may bring some _______________ to
productivity.
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 7
You are going to read an article about the design of new stations on the London Underground railway
system. For questions 47-56, choose from the sections of the article (A-D). The sections may be chosen
more than once.

In which section of the article are the following mentioned?

47 the previously unattractive nature of the locations of most of the stations

48 a comparison Paoletti made to illustrate his approach to the JLE project

49 the immediate and massive effect that one of the stations had on its surroundings

50 a description that Paoletti considered not to be wholly accurate

51 a fundamental question concerning the function of station in underground systems

52 an explanation Paoletti gave for why certain comments about the new buildings were incorrect

53 Paoletti’s desire to unite elements that had previously been seen as wholly different from each other

54 personal qualities that enabled Paoletti to tackle the JLE project successfully

55 parts of a station architects were not responsible for in the past

56 Paoletti’s opinion of those previously responsible for designing stations

An architect who revolutionized the lives of London’s commuters

A
Roland Paoletti was the driving force behind the dramatic, award-winning stations on the ?3 billion Jubilee
Line Extension (JLE) to the London Underground system, the most ambitious building programme on the
Tube for many decades. An irascible Anglo-Italian, Paoletti possessed the persuasiveness and tenacity to
take on the vested political interests at play in the planning of the 10-mile Jubilee Line Extension to ensure
good design and innovation. Historically, architects employed on Tube projects had been restricted to
‘fitting out’ the designs of railway and civil engineers with few or no aesthetic concerns, and whom Paoletti
dismissed as visionless ‘trench-diggers’. The Jubilee line would be unique in that for the first time the
architects would be responsible for designing entire underground stations.

В
As the commissioning architect in overall charge, Paoletti’s approach was to let light flood down into the
stations along the line. The project’s centrepiece was the extraordinary huge new station at Canary Wharf,
designed by Norman Foster and Partners to handle up to 40,000 passengers an hour at peak times.
‘Everybody keeps saying that it’s like a cathedral,’ complained Paoletti. ‘They’re wrong. It actually is a
cathedral.’ Explaining his approach to designing underground stations, Paoletti likened the Jubilee line to
architectural free-form jazz, the stations responding to their different contexts as dramatic variations on a
theme. Instead of uniformity, Paoletti envisaged variety achieved in the beauty of raw materials like
concrete, and the architectural power of simple, large spaces for robust and practical stations.

C
He procured the most talented individual architects he could find to design 11 new stations along the line,
creating a unique variety of architectural statement pieces – notably different but all beautiful – in what had
been a largely desolate stretch off urban east London. ‘For the price of an underground ticket,’ he promised,
‘you will see some of the greatest contributions to engineering and architecture worldwide.’ Paoletti’s
sweeping vision did not disappoint. With their swagger and individualism, the stations have been widely
acclaimed as a tour de force in public transport architecture.

D
In pressing for a seamless marriage between architecture and engineering, Paoletti was concerned to make
the stations pleasing to the eye, and the daily grind of commuters using them as uplifting an experience as
possible. The result was generally reckoned to be the finest set of stations since the classic designs for the
Piccadilly line by Charles Holden In the 1930s. In Holden’s day, design stopped at the top of the escalators
leading down to the platforms, a symptom of the Tube’s tradition of treating architecture and engineering as
separate disciplines. From the start Paoletti promised ‘a symbiosis of architecture and engineering’
throughout. This is particularly evident at Westminster station, where Michael Hopkins solved structural
difficulties by designing fantastic supporting structures redolent of science-fiction – what Paoletti called
‘engineering that expresses itself as architecture … in which people can delight’.

E
He wanted the designs of the JLE stations to have a uniformity of voice, or, as he put it, ‘a philosophical
uniformity’. Paoletti contrasted the drama of MacCormac Jamieson Prichard’s design for Southwark station
with the vast glass drum of Ron Herron’s Canada Water station, intended as a response to the area’s
bleakness, ‘a big, splendid beacon that has transformed the area from a wasteland almost overnight’. To
critics who complained about the expense of these grand designs, Paoletti pointed out that the same cut-and-
cover, box-station design that allowed his architects a free hand with their various structures also saved
London Underground millions in tunnelling costs. ‘In any case,’ he noted, ‘you have to decide at the
beginning whether you’re going to see an underground station as a kind of vehicular underpass that happens
to have people in it, or whether it’s a building; a building with some other kind of job to do, like making
people comfortable.

Part 8
7. I didn’t work long hours because I was aware of health risks. (BETTER)
I knew_______________________________________________________________
8. We must go back to the beginning and find the error. (SQUARE)
We___________________________________________________________________
9, Tim failed to get into university and he gets very annoyed if it’s mentioned. (CHIP)
Timothy_______________________________________________________________
10. The reason they did not give him the job was because he could not use a computer. (inability)
Had it not ............................................................................................................................
11. If there is a fire, people should not use the lift. (event)
In .........................................................................................................................................
12. Harry knows about the new regulations so let’s ask him. (brains)
Let’s ......................................................................................................................................
13. I managed to persuade John not to resign. (talk)
I managed ..............................................................................................................................
14. Why did you have to cause so much trouble over something so unimportant? (dance)
Why did you have to ..............................................................................................................??
15, It was blindingly obvious that he knew nothing about the subject.

-It stood out......................................................................

16, I’m so busy at the moment that I can’t take on any extra work.
I have............................................................

Key
Phần 1:
Part1: Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (10 pts)
6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. A

Part 2.Decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F). (10 pts)
11. T 12. F 13. F 14. T 15. T

Part 3: Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. (10 pts)
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
scenes a crocodile different year his/the family
21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
Qualifications Short courses how to fall professional a shipwreck
diver

Part 1:
Interviewer: Welcome, Sarah. I understand that you’re a keen sailor but a recent trip didn’t go quite as
planned.
Sarah: That’s right. And in fact I’m lucky to be here at all.
Interviewer: So what happened?
Sarah: Well, we’d sailed from Hong Kong to the Philippines in our sailing yacht. Seven of us, my husband,
Peter, my two young sons and myself and three crew members who were also friends. We’d had a wonderful
journey there, clear skies, full moon at night and we were looking forward to the journey back.
Interviewer: I’m sure.
Sarah: Well, the day before we were due to leave there was no change in the weather but the forecast
said to expect strong winds. The forecast was proved right but we still felt confident as we set off despite
the wind. After a while, however, conditions began to deteriorate further.
Interviewer: And that’s when the problems started.
Sarah: Yes, it was night time and I was getting comfortable in my bunk when there was a sound like
someone ripping open a cardboard box followed by a sharp change in the boat’s direction as the mast
crashed down into the sea. There was a call from a member of the crew who had seen it all happening. “All
hands! The mast has gone!”
Interviewer: So what did you do?
Sarah: We checked for damage and we were taking in water in two places but we managed to repair the
holes. Then we talked through what we needed to do. We put out a message on the radio and we were also in
touch with the Rescue Co-ordination Centre by satellite phone. Instead of continuing upwind towards
HongKong, 350 miles away, Peter and I made the decision to retrace our path towards the Philippines,
which was less than half the distance away. Although the crew were strong and the engine was still
functioning, the waves were still huge and there was a near-gale blowing. So we put on our safety gear and
hoped for the best.
Interviewer: But you got help?
Sarah: Yes, we did. After a while we realized weren’t going to make it and we were told that a ship, a
110,000-tonne tanker, had been diverted to help us. The Rescue Centre sent a plane out first so they could
determine our position. We had plenty of flares which you can light to show where you are but we’d used
them all by the time the tanker arrived. Because our boat was white and the tips of the waves were white,
it was a bit awkward for a huge ship to locate us- it took ages. They couldn’t get directly alongside us so
they put a small boat down for us to get into and they asked the men from our boat to go first.
Interviewer: Why was that?
Sarah: Not sure actually - maybe to see if they could manage before my sons and I tried. So the men
swam to the rescue boat and got into it. That wasn’t easy of course in the huge waves but the difficult bit
was to come. The men on the tanker hauled the little rescue boat up which was attached to the tanker by a
rope. They were quite careful but it was swaying all over the place and we discovered later this was
because the rope hadn't been attached properly to the rescue boat. At one point the boat was almost
vertical and the four of them were really hanging on.
Interviewer: But they got up?
Sarah: They did but two of them were hurt when the boat banged against the side of the tanker. Not
seriously, thankfully.
Interviewer: So what about the rest of you?
Sarah: My sons and I were still in the yacht. This time they sent across some life rings attached to ropes and
my sons went across. The men pulled the boys towards the tanker and then they had to clamber up the rope ladder. They
managed to make that look straightforward which it isn’t of course at the best of times. The crew threw the life rings
back and I decided to attach our bags with all our wallets and documents in them. I was agonizing about what to try
to keep and I should have iust left the lot and gone across myself. By the time they sent the life ring back for me the
boat was really tilting and I only just got off in time before it sank.
Interviewer: Phew! What a frightening experience. But with a happy ending, thank goodness.

Part 2:
Interviewer: Good evening everyone, and welcome to the Language Programme. With me in the studio
today is Patrick O'Reilly, a third-generation Irish-Australian who is a writer and broadcaster and
passionate supporter of the Irish-Gaelic language, which is one of several Gaelic languages. Welcome,
Patrick.
Patrick: Thank you Sinead, I liked that introduction.
Interviewer: Tell me Patrick, what significance does Irish have for you?
Patrick: Well, as you said, I’m an Irish-Australian. Irish is my second language; I didn’t learn it in
Ireland, but here in Australia. In the 18th century it was the first language of many of the Irish people who
settled here.
Interviewer: And didn't it almost slip away at one point?
Patrick: That's right, but it never quite vanished. So to me, Irish is a language of this country.
It's in the streets of a Melbourne suburb, the heat of Australian summers. It’s the language in which I
speak to mv daughter, in which I broadcast and in which I write. I’m conscious of its history here.
Interviewer: And how do you feel about the language itself?
Patrick: Well, Irish is a language of passionate songs, and it has one of the oldest literatures in western
Europe. It’s descended from the language of those Celts who arrived in the British Isles at the end of the
Bronze Age, so it dates back thousands of years. But for me. what is truly remarkable is that when Ireland
finally became independent early in the last century, the Irish language acquired a new literature, a place as a
vehicle of scholarship. Now it has a television network and has achieved something inconceivable, even 20
years aao: it’s become fashionable.
Interviewer: Mmm, and what made you want to learn Irish as a language?
Patrick: You may well ask! When I began learning the language some 30 years ago, my enthusiasm was
viewed as eccentric.
Interviewer: Why was that?
Patrick: Well, some people thought that Irish-Gaelic was dead, like Latin, although in fact it was still spoken
as a first language by a few thousand people on the west coast of Ireland. So why did I learn it? Ireland
wasn't a part of my childhood in any significant way. My great-grandparents had come here from Southern
Ireland during the Gold Rush, and we had become solidly Australian. But I liked languages and the worlds
they could reveal. Perhaps Irish promised me a world of mv own. From an early age I was aware, I
think, that my people's past lay elsewhere.
Interviewer: And your Irish ancestry has played a big part in your writing too. I believe?
Patrick: Mmm, that's right. The stories I write in Irish are published only in Ireland, yet they can be seen as
an attempt to deal with the peculiar situation of the language here in Australia. If I write in English, I use a
language which has had time to adapt to Australia over the centuries. It’s adapted to a different light, a new
history, a new society. It has its own accent, its own everyday language. This has also happened with Italian,
but Italian is the first or second language of a whole community. Irish in this country is much more the
language of scattered individuals, so it hasn’t adapted to modern needs. As an Australian who writes in
Irish, I must accomplish in mv own lifetime the linguistic adaptation which it has taken 200 years to
accomplish in English.
Interviewer: Mmm. And yet you said earlier that Irish had become fashionable. What did you mean by that?
Patrick: Well, in Australia, it actually means that every year a number of people go to Irish language classes,
and that a very small minority eventually become fluent. Irish is fashionable partly because Ireland
itself is fashionable. Thousands of Australians visit Ireland every year. They seek the house their great-
grandmother was born in, Irish relatives. They're looking for a shining image composed of the round
towers, enchanted light and green landscape of old legends. For some, the Irish language is part of all this.
I once interviewed a young woman from Melbourne who became so fascinated by traditional Irish singing
while on holiday that she learned Irish and now works in the Aran Islands off the coast of Ireland!
Interviewer: Oh! And what other motivation would Australians have for learning Irish?
Patrick: Well, many will tell vou that it's something to do with their interest in languages. But I would
sav that other motives are concealed in this phrase - motives as various as the individuals. But it's also
true, surely, that it allows the expression of an aspect of identity long suppressed, and yet felt to be vital.
Few people can bear to be rootless. We must all come from somewhere, and language is a fundamental part
of identity. Not many feel the need to explore their past by learning Irish, but that even a few should do so,
is significant.
Interviewer: Thank you Patrick, it's been interesting talking to you.
Patrick: It’s been a pleasure.

Part 3
Presenter: Hello, and welcome to another episode of 'What do they do?' Today, I'm joined in the studio by
Bill Peters, who's a stuntman. Bill, what do stuntmen actually do?
Bill: Well, it's quite simple really. If there are scenes in a movie that are too dangerous for the actors to do -
you know, like jumping onto a train or diving off a cliff - then we do them.
Presenter: So you often have to put yourself in danger, then?
Bill: Well, things can go wrong, of course, but it's not as bad as people think. We're very careful to make
sure the stunt is safe. For example, I'm working on the new James Bond movie at the moment, and, in one of
the scenes, James Bond is attacked by a crocodile. I actually did that scene and, although the crocodile was
real - it wasn't plastic, or anything like that - it had a mask over its mouth so it couldn't bite me when I was
wrestling with it. The scene looks great, but I wasn't in any real danger.
Presenter: So what's your typical day like?
Bill: Well, one of the great things about being a stunt man is that, every time you go to work, you're doing
something different. You know, one week I might be filming on location in the desert, the next might be
doing underwater scenes off the coast of Italy. You never know. But, actually, I only work for about twenty
weeks a year. The rest of the time I spend with the family. I've got two young daughters and it's lovely to
have the time to watch them grow up.
Presenter: How does someone become a stunt man?
Bill: Well, you don't need any qualifications, or anything like that. You don't have to study stunt work at
university. But, having said that, more and more stuntmen - and women, let's not forget lots of the people
in my profession are women - more and more stunt men do actually get into the profession by going on
short courses. These are run by professionals, and they teach you how to fall without hurting yourself,
safety techniques, and things like that. When I started, oh, over fifteen years ago now, those kinds of
courses didn't really exist. I was a professional diver, and got a call from a producer who was shooting a
movie about a shipwreck with lots of underwater scenes and needed some help. I had so much fun,
decided to become a full-time stuntman. Best decision I ever made.
Presenter: Bill Peters, thank you very much for joining us today.

Part 1:A.
31. “Don’t be a law __________ yourself!” – the mom shouted.
A. onto B. up after C. in for D. unto
be a law unto yourself=to behave in a way that is independent and does not follow the usual rules for a
situation
32. Linda was __________ herself with joy when her friends threw a surprise party for her birthday.
A. beyond B. on and off C. beside D. at
to be beside oneself with joy=Mừng phát điên lên
33. Until this evening, Hannah is still ___________ away at her unfinished report.
A. hammering B. grinding C. whiling D. axing
Hammer away at = làm việc cật lực ,không ngừng nghỉ
34. After a four-day holiday, they began to work ____________.
A. on end B. out of bounds C. in proportions D. in earnest
in earnest=serious; not joking=nghiêm túc
35. The fact that a member holding authoritative power rides roughshod _________ innocent residents
exists in any society, even the democratic one.
A. on B. over C. at D. against
ride over=1. To come over (to someone or something) while riding on something, like a vehicle or animal. A
noun or pronoun can be used between "ride" and "over" to specify what is being ridden.//2. To go on top of
and pass over someone or something while riding on something, like a vehicle or animal. A noun or pronoun
can be used between "ride" and "over" to specify what is being ridden.
36. One’s childhood heavily rubs ____________ one’s character traits.
A. off on B. together C. in with D. along
rub off on someone=to become part of someone because that person has been in a place where it was present
37. You don’t ____________ all this nonsense, do you?
A. cordon off B. buy into C. edge out D. hit on
buy into sth=to completely believe in a set of ideas
38. After our busy day, we both sat and ____________ in front of the TV.
A. nodded off B. slipped out C. flaked off D. knocked out
Nodded off= ngủ thiếp đi
39. The story draws heavily ____________ how strict the writer’s upbringing was.
A. toward B. in C. on D. into
draw on sth=to use information or your knowledge of something to help you do something
40. Jacobin cuckoo is a _____________ of monsoon.
A. forerunner B. harbinger C. premonition D. herald
A harbinger of = a person or thing that shows that something is going to happen soon, especially something
bad
B.31. This lovely new dress fist like a __________.
A. treat B. gauntlet C. gown D. glove
Fist like a glove = vừa khít, vừa như in
32. The designer refuses to gild the _________, preferring clean, simple lines for his creations.
A.lily B. flower C. rose D. daisy
Gild the lily = tô điểm
33. Gina finally __________ and admitted that she had broken the vase.
A. threw in the towel B. made a clean breast of it
C. read her the riot act D. let her hair down
made a clean breast of= thừa nhận,hay thú nhận về những việc mình làm,thường là những vc sai trái hc có
lỗi
let sb hair down =put one’s feet up = relax
threw in the towel= đầu hàng ,chịu thua
read (sb) the riot act=to speak angrily to someone about something they have done and warn that person that
they will be punished if it happens again
34. There are no hills around and the area is as flat as a ____________.
A. stick B. coin C. feather D. pancake
As flat as pancake = xẹp lép,phẳng lỳ ,không mấp mô,ghồ ghề
35. It’s time we changed the ___________ regarding the roles in the family.
A. idée fixe B. carte blanche C. hoi polloi D. social milieu
idée fixe =a belief that someone refuses to change their mind about, even though it may be wrong
36. During pioneer days a lot of land in the United States was up for ________.
A.gain B. promotion C. taking D. grabs
Up for grabs = có đủ cho tất cả mọi người
37. I warned her not to say sensitive things but she was like a bull in a(n) ____________ shop
A. India B. Nepal C. China D. Japan
Like a bull in a China shop= người lóng ngóng,vụng về
38. The argument drove a ___________ between party members.
A. wedge B. linchpin C. needle D. sword
Drive wedge between = chia rẽ quan hệ giữa mọi người
39. The government is making little _________ in its fight to beat inflation.
A. advance B. headway C. forward D. forward
Make headway =có bước tiến triển,tiến bộ,phát triển ....
40. It must be true. I heard it straight from the _________mouth.
A. dog's B. horse's C. camel's D. cat's
Heard sth from the horse’s mouth = nghe thông tin gì từ nguồn đáng tin cậy
Part 2:
Line Mistakes Correction
0 0 less least
1 1 movement movements
2 2 Romans the Romans
3 4 recording recorded
4 6 From Since
5 8 in into
6 10 their its
7 13 success succession
8 13 Those That
9 15 lest because
10 18 numerical numerous
Part 3.
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C
5. D 6. B 7. C 8. D
9. B 10. A
LONDON’S BLACK CABS
Black cabs, officially known as Hackney Carriages, are (1) _______ London and are special for a number of
reasons. For a start, they are the only taxis in the city that can be hailed from the kerb with a raised hand
signal to get the driver’s attention. Currently, it is estimated that there are 20,000 black cabs (2) _______ on
the capital’s streets. Their origin, in fact, can be (3) _______ the name ‘Hackney Carriage’ said to derive
from the French word haquenée referring to the type of horse used to pull the carriages in the days of horse-
drawn carriages. The first horse-drawn Hackney coaches appeared on London’s streets in the 17th century
during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. As transport developed and motor cars were (4) _______, motor cabs
replaced the horse-drawn carriages. Since the end of the 19th century, various car manufacturers’ vehicles
have been used as motor cabs but it was not until the mid-20th century that the cabs we have been (5)
_______ over the last decades first appeared.
It is such a(n) (6) _______ of becoming a black cab driver in London and it is (7) _______. If you want to
gain this honour you will need to have passed the infamous test known as ‘the Knowledge’, which was first
introduced in 1851 following (8) _______ of complaints by passengers whose cab drivers got lost. This
incredibly difficult test can take around three or four years to prepare for and you can often catch a glimpse
of those drivers who are doing just this zipping around London on their mopeds, with a map (9) _______ to
a clipboard on their handlebars. These people are essentially trying not only to master the 25,000 or so
streets within a six-mile radius of Charing Cross, but also to work out the most direct routes from place to
place. They must know thousands of ‘points of interest’ such as hotels, hospitals, places of worship, theatres,
stations, sports and leisure facilities, to name but a few. Practically everywhere and anywhere that a potential
passenger would wish to be taken to or from must be known, so a nodding acquaintance, for a black cab
driver, is (10) _______, and perhaps this is the most difficult part, knowing the quickest way to get from one
place to another. Little wonder so few people are successful.
1. A. commensurate with B. equivalent to C. synonymous with D. tantamount to
equivalent to: having the same amount, value, purpose, qualities, etc.:
commensurate with :in a correct and suitable amount compared to something else
synonymous with : having the same meaning//If you say that one thing is synonymous with another, you
mean that the two things are so closely connected in most people's minds that one suggests the other
tantamount to: being almost the same or having the same effect as something, usually something bad
2. A. hereabouts B. hither and thither C. or thereabouts D. there and then
there and then=khắp mọi nơi
hither and thither =in many directions
or thereabouts =approximately
hereabouts= in this area, or near this place
3. A. ferreted out from B. hunted down from C. mapped out to D. traced back to
traced back to: bắt nguồn từ
ferreted out from= discover someone or something, esp. information, after searching
. hunted down from =search everywhere for someone or something until you find him, her, or it
. mapped out to: plan something in detail
4. A. all the rage B. of high standing C. of repute D. in vogue
all the rage: thịnh hành,thời thượng
in vogue=hợp thời trang
5. A. clued in on B. gunned up on C. in the know about D. no stranger to
Be no stranger to: không xa lạ,khác với cái gì
clued in on= knowing a lot about something; having a lot of information about something.
gunned up on= cause something to slow down or stop working
in the know about= If you are in the know about something, especially something that is not known about or
understood by many people, you have information about it.
6. A. handiwork B. procurement C. realisation D. undertaking
Procurement: the action of obtaining or procuring something.
7. A. beyond you B. no brainer C. no mean feat D. over your head
no mean feat: đạt được thành tựu/thành công vĩ đại, nhưng không hề dễ dàng.
over your head= too difficult or strange for you to understand
8. A. droves B. hordes C. packs D. swarms
Swarms of complaints: 1 loạt lời phàn nàn,khiếu nại
9. A. chained B. fastened C. linked D. sealed
Fasten to: buộc chặt,gắn liền với
10. A. beyond measure B. beyond redemption C. beyond the pale D. beyond the
veil
beyond measure: rất lớn, rất mãnh liệt, bao la, bát ngát
beyond redemption=vô phương cứu vãn
beyond the pale =không thể chấp nhận được (lời nói/hành vi/cách cư xử)
beyond the veil= nơi huyền bí, nhất là trạng thái tồn tại không xác định sau khi chết
Part 4. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each
gap. Write your answer in correspondent numbered boxes. (10pts)
1. shape 2. breadline 3. rise 4.
intentions/intents/aims/purposes/objectives/goals/plans/schemes/aspirations/ambitions/desires
5. expense 6. host 7. named 8. sheaves 9. thumbed 10. studded/lit
Part 5
1. c 2. d 3. b 4. d 5. d
6. c 7. b 8. c 9. b 10. d
Humans are disproportionately right-handed. Scientists have not been able to agree over the exact
percentages of right versus left-handers because there is no accepted standard for identifying which hand is
dominant. For example, some people who write or throw with their right hands may perform other tasks with
their left hands or may kick a ball with their left foot. Absent an objective measure, therefore, the range of
estimates is wide. Right-handers are said to make up 85% to 95% of all people and left-handers 5%-15%,
while the remaining tiny percentage are ambidextrous, so they can use both hands with equal ability.
Perhaps the most unusual fact about right-hand dominance is how little we know about its causes.
Several theories have been proposed. Some evidence exists that the phenomenon is genetic, but genetics
cannot agree on the process by which handedness may be passed on by inheritance. Social and cultural
forces can also cause a preference for one hand, as when teachers or parents force a naturally left-handed
child to use their right hand. And it has been observed by anthropologist that left-handedness tends to be less
common in restrictive societies and more common in permissive ones. But no consensus has been reached
on how that could occur.
The most credible explanations center on functions inside the brain. It has been shown that the
brain’s two hemispheres control the opposite side of the body. It has been suggested that the nerves in the
brain cross over at neck level to the other side of the body so that the right half of the brain governs the left
side of the body while the left half governs the right side. Scientists believe that the left half of the brain
evolved in such a way as to predominate over the right half. As a result, the right side of the body is
controlled by the more influential left hemisphere, causing the right side to be more adept at physical tasks.
But when a person is born with a dominant right hemisphere, that person will be left-handed. Some
researchers have argued that some left-handedness may have a pathological origin, having been caused by
brain trauma during birth.
A theory grounded in evolution is the “warrior and his shield theory”. This theory explains that right-
handedness evolved over time to be dominant because a right-handed warrior would hold his shield in his
left hand to protect his heart and to leave his right hand to free to hold a weapon. A left-handed warrior, in
contrast, would hold his weapon in his left hand and his shield in his right, leaving his heart exposed. Thus a
right-handed warrior, with his heart protected against enemy attacks, was more likely to survive. By the
process of natural selection, the trait for right-handedness became favored over that for left-handedness.
Another theory focuses on the naturally asymmetrical arrangement of the human body. Such
asymmetry is evidenced by the observable facts that the right side of the face is slightly different from the
left, that one leg is stronger or longer than the other, and that one foot is larger than the other one. Right-
handedness, the theory proposes, is just another example of this natural asymmetry.
(A) A consequence of right-hand dominance is that most common consumer products are geared to right-
handers only, leaving left-handers to struggle to adapt to designs not made with them in mind. (B) Some of
these include scissors, doorknobs, locks, screwdrivers, automobile fixtures, refrigerators, can openers,
clothes buttons, and fasteners, and musical instruments. (C) The result of this design bias can be more than
mere inconvenience. (D) Some left-handed soldiers shooting rifles designed for right-handers have sustained
eye hand head injuries from ejected shell casings.
Hand dominance does not seem to occur in non-human animal species. While some individual animals can
be seen developing a preference for one hand or the other, there is no evidence that this preference is
common to the species as a whole, as it is in humans. Some scientists claim to have observed such
dominance in animals but only in controlled settings, such as a zoo or laboratory, and only when the animals
are performing manual tasks that do not mirror how they use their hands in the wild.
1. The word “absent” in the passage is closest in meaning to
a. using b. resisting c. lacking d. substituting
absent =lacking = thiếu
2. According to paragraph 3, which of the following is a possible cause of left-hand dominance?
a. the dominance of the brain’s left hemisphere
b. the natural weakness of a human’s right side
c. a child’s choice upon reaching school age
d. brain trauma in birth
2. Theo đoạn 3, điều nào sau đây là nguyên nhân có thể dẫn đến sự thống trị của cánh tay trái?
A. sự thống trị của bán cầu não trái
B. điểm yếu tự nhiên của mặt phải của con người
C. lựa chọn của một đứa trẻ khi đến tuổi đi học
D. chấn thương não khi sinh
Clue: But when a person is born with a dominant right hemisphere, that person will be left-handed. Some
researchers have argued that some left-handedness may have a pathological origin, having been caused by
brain trauma during birth.
Nhưng khi một người sinh ra với bán cầu phải trội thì người đó sẽ thuận tay trái. Một số nhà nghiên cứu đã
lập luận rằng một số người thuận tay trái có thể có nguồn gốc bệnh lý, do chấn thương não trong khi sinh.
3. The word “adept” in the passage is closest in meaning to
a. speedy b. skilled c. careful d. accustomed
adept=skilled=lão luyện,có kỹ năng
4. According to paragraph 4, which of the following are true about the “warrior and his shield theory”?
a. a left-handed warrior is favored by natural selection.
b. a right-handed warrior holds his weapon in his left hand.
c. a left-handed warrior holds his weapon in his right hand.
d. a left-handed warrior leaves his heart unprotected.
4. Theo đoạn 4, điều nào sau đây là đúng về “lý thuyết về chiến binh và chiếc khiên của anh ta”?
A. một chiến binh thuận tay trái được ưu ái bởi chọn lọc tự nhiên.
NS. một chiến binh thuận tay phải cầm vũ khí của mình trong tay trái.
NS. một chiến binh thuận tay trái cầm vũ khí trong tay phải.
Dmột chiến binh thuận tay trái khiến trái tim không được bảo vệ.
Clue: A left-handed warrior, in contrast, would hold his weapon in his left hand and his shield in his right,
leaving his heart exposed. Thus a right-handed warrior, with his heart protected against enemy attacks, was
more likely to survive.
Ngược lại, một chiến binh thuận tay trái sẽ cầm vũ khí của mình ở tay trái và khiên ở tay phải, để trái tim
của anh ta lộ ra ngoài. Vì vậy, một chiến binh thuận tay phải, với trái tim được bảo vệ trước các cuộc tấn
công của kẻ thù, có nhiều khả năng sống sót hơn.
5. The word “that” in the passage refers to
a. warrior b. heart c. process of natural selection d. trait
6. According to paragraph 6, left-handers would have trouble handling all of the following EXCEPT:
a. refrigerators b. violins c. pencils d. shirt buttons
Clue: Some of these include scissors, doorknobs, locks, screwdrivers, automobile fixtures, refrigerators, can
openers, clothes buttons, and fasteners, and musical instruments.
Một số trong số này bao gồm kéo, tay nắm cửa, ổ khóa, tua vít, đồ đạc ô tô, tủ lạnh, dụng cụ mở đồ hộp, nút
quần áo và dây buộc, và nhạc cụ
7. The word “asymmetrical” in the passage is closest in meaning to
a. deformed b. imbalanced c. geometrical d. variable
asymmetrical=imbalanced =mất cân đối,đối xứng,cân bằng
8. Look at the four letters (A) (B) (C) (D) that indicate where the following sentence could be added to
the passage.
Left-handers often search for custom-made versions of these products.
Where would the sentence best fit?
a. (A) b. (B) c. (C) d. (D)
9. Why does the author mention “eye and head injuries” suffered by some left-handed soldiers shooting
their rifles?
a. to illustrate the “warrior and his shield theory”
b. to give an example of the problems faced by left-handers
c. to argue that soldiers should wear head protection
d. to contrast rifle design with the design of common consumer products
9. Tại sao tác giả đề cập đến "vết thương ở mắt và đầu" do một số binh sĩ thuận tay trái bắn súng trường của
họ?
A. để minh họa "chiến binh và lý thuyết về chiếc khiên của anh ta"
B. để đưa ra một ví dụ về những vấn đề mà những người thuận tay trái phải đối mặt
NS. lập luận rằng binh lính nên đeo bảo vệ đầu
NS. để tương phản thiết kế súng trường với thiết kế của các sản phẩm tiêu dùng thông thường
Clue; The result of this design bias can be more than mere inconvenience. (D) Some left-handed soldiers
shooting rifles designed for right-handers have sustained eye hand head injuries from ejected shell casings.
Kết quả của sự thiên lệch thiết kế này có thể không chỉ là sự bất tiện đơn thuần. (D) Một số binh sĩ thuận tay
trái bắn súng trường được thiết kế cho người thuận tay phải bị thương ở mắt ở đầu do vỏ đạn bắn ra.
10. According to the last paragraph, which of the following is true about hand dominance in animals?
a. it is the same as in humans.
b. it is observed only in the wild.
c. animals in controlled settings adopt the hand dominance of their handlers.
d. it has been observed only with manual tasks.
10. Theo đoạn cuối, điều nào sau đây là đúng về sự thống trị tay ở động vật?
Một. nó cũng giống như ở người.
NS. nó chỉ được quan sát trong tự nhiên.
NS. động vật trong môi trường được kiểm soát thông qua sự thống trị bằng tay của người xử lý chúng.
D.nó đã được quan sát chỉ với các nhiệm vụ thủ công.
Clue: Some scientists claim to have observed such dominance in animals but only in controlled
settings, such as a zoo or laboratory, and only when the animals are performing manual tasks that do
not mirror how they use their hands in the wild
Một số nhà khoa học tuyên bố đã quan sát thấy sự thống trị như vậy ở động vật nhưng chỉ trong
những môi trường được kiểm soát, chẳng hạn như sở thú hoặc phòng thí nghiệm và chỉ khi động vật
đang thực hiện các công việc thủ công không phản ánh cách chúng sử dụng tay trong tự nhiên.
Part 6
1. vi 2. i 3. iii 4. ii 5. ix
 6. productive 7. perfectionists 8. dissatisfied 9. goal 10. diminishing
and returns
usefulness

WHY COMPANIES SHOULD WELCOME DISORDER

A. vi What people are increasingly expected to do
Organizations is big business. Whether it is of our lives – all those inboxes and calendars or how companies
are structured, a multi-billion dollar industry helps to meet this need. We have more strategies for time
management, project management and self-organization than at any other time in human history. We are told
that we ought to organize our company, our home life, our week, our day and even our sleep, all as a means
to becoming more productive. Every week, countless seminars and workshops take place around the world
to tell a paying public that they ought to structure their lives in order to achieve this. This rhetoric has also
crept into the thinking of business leaders and entrepreneurs, much to the delight of self-proclaimed
perfectionists with the need to get everything right. The number of business schools and graduates has
massively increased over the past 50 years, essentially teaching people how to organize well.
=> Việc tổ chức/sắp xếp là một việc lớn, từ chuyện quản lí hòm thư hay sắp xếp lịch cho đến việc
các công ty được vận hành như thế nào. Chúng ta được bảo là phải biết quản lí, tổ chức tốt, ngày càng
có nhiều chiến lược, buổi hội thảo, trường học được mở ra để dạy ta sắp xếp tổ chức mọi việc tốt hơn.
B. i Complaints about the impact of a certain approach
Ironically, however, the number of business that fail has also steadily increased. Work-related stress has
increased. A large proportion of workers from all demographics claim to be dissatisfied with the way their
work is structures and the way they are managed. This begs the question: what has gone wrong? Why is it
that on paper the drive for organization seems a sure shot for increasing productivity, but in reality falls well
short of what is expected?
=> Tuy ở đoạn A, người ta mở nhiều lớp dạy cách tổ chức, nhưng mỉa mai thay, nó lại không hiểu
quả, cụ thể qua khảo sát của các nhân viên, khi họ nói rằng mình không hài lòng với cách được quản
lí và tổ chức. Vậy lí do là gì?
C. iii Early recommendations concerning business activities
This has been a problem for a while now. Frederick Taylor was one of the forefathers of scientific
management. Writing in the first half of the 20 th century, he designed a number of principles to improve the
efficiency of the work process, which have since become widespread in modern companies. So the approach
has been around for a while.
=> Một ông nào đó đề ra một số nguyên tắc để cải thiện năng suất làm việc mà từ đó trở nên phổ
biến trong các công ty hiện đại. Và phương pháp đó đã được thử nghiệm một thời gian
D. ii Fundamental beliefs that are in fact incorrect
New research suggests that this obsession with efficiency is misguided. The problem is not necessarily the
management theories or strategies we use to organize our work; it’s the basic assumptions we hold in
approaching how we work. Here it’s the assumption that order is a necessary condition for productivity. This
assumption has also fostered the idea that disorder must be detrimental to organizational productivity. The
result is that businesses and people spend time and money organizing themselves for the sake of organizing,
rather than actually looking at the end goal and usefulness of such an effort.
=> Đoạn này nói về quan điểm sai lầm rằng: sự hỗn loạn , thiếu trật tự có hại cho năng suất. Nên cuối
cùng họ dành thời gian tổ chức sắp xếp chỉ để sắp xếp cho thỏa cái thành kiến trên, chứ không nhìn
vào mục đích cuối cùng hay lợi ích của cái việc sắp xếp đó.
E. ix Evidence that a certain approach can have more disadvantages than advantages
What’s more, recent studies show that order actually has diminishing returns. Order does increase
productivity to a certain extent, but eventually the usefulness of the process of order reduces productivity.
Some argue that in a business, if the cost of formally structuring something outweighs the benefits of doing
it, then that thing ought not to be formally structured. Instead, the resources involved can be better used
elsewhere.
=> Dù việc sắp xếp có làm tăng năng suất một phần, nhưng lợi ích và giá trị của cái quy
trình tổ chức sẽ giảm đến cái đoạn mà dù có cố quản lí sắp xếp thêm nữa thì cũng sẽ chỉ
làm giảm năng suất thôi. Cái chi phí để quản lí còn tốn hơn lợi ích nó mang lại thì không
nên làm.
Section A: đoạn này nói về sự phổ biến, sự chạy theo organisation/management, mọi người được
bảo là nên có tính kỉ luật/tổ chức. So với đáp án: i-phàn nàn không phải, ii-Fundamental beliefs
niềm tin cơ bản có vẻ đúng khi có vẻ như đoạn này nói về việc người ta chạy theo organisation.
iii- đề xuất ban đầu cũng có vẻ hợp lí vì người ta đã mở các lớp để mọi người học về organisation
mà. v-các công ty thì sai chắc vì đoạn A chưa đề cập đến các công ty nào, mà còn chịu đựng sự
thay đổi thì càng không. vi-mọi người được kì vọng đề làm, khá hợp lí vì đoạn A người ta nói
chúng ta được bảo rằng nên có tính kỉ luật, là đáp án sát nhất lúc này. vi-kết quả là không thể,
đoạn A chưa nói gì đến mục tiêu. viii-không có phương pháp nào đảm bảo.. đoạn này chưa nói pp
gì hết nên sai. ix-bằng chứng cho phương pháp mà hại nhiều hơn lợi, sai nốt vì chưa nói gì đến
lợi hại. Tóm lại, từ đầu tới giờ mình thấy vi là hợp lí nhất (vì We are told that we ought to = What
people are increasingly expected to do), ii, iii cũng hao hao. Nếu chưa chắc chắn ta note cả ba lại
để đó.
Section B: đoạn B nói về sự thật là theo nhân khẩu học thì các nhân viên không hài lòng với
việc tổ chức/quán lí –> ta loại được iii (vì không có đề xuất gì ở đây); iv (vì chưa thấy new
approach), v (vì chưa có sự thay đổi approach nào); vi-(không ai được kì vọng cả); vii(không nói
đến outcomes) , i- có vẻ đúng vì nói đến phàn nàn (trong đoạn mình có từ dissatified tương
đương); viii và ix cũng cảm thấy có sự đúng đúng, khi đều nói về nhược điểm của thứ gì đó. Chưa
chắc chắn mình lại note.
Section C: một ông nào đó từ đầu thế kỷ 20 đưa ra những nguyên tắc để cải thiện hiệu quả công
việc. Liệu có giống early recommendations? lại còn liên quan đến business activities (chính bằng
efficiecy of the work process) –> đáp án iii khá khớp. Mình xem qua các đáp án còn lại, cảm thấy v
có vẻ cũng phù hợp vì nói đến new approach, nhưng là các công ty áp dụng new approach nên
không liên quan, mấy đáp án còn lại đều không liên quan. Cậu này có thể khá chắc chắn chọn iii.
Section D: đoạn này nói về chuyện đề cao tính tổ chức là một sai lầm, với cái quan điểm cơ bản
(thấy ngày basic assumption = Fundamental beliefs), trên thực tế lại còn sai, thì đúng là đoạn D
nói về sự sai lầm (misguided) là cái quan điểm đó không tốt như ta tưởng –> Khá chắc chắc đáp
án ii. Cũng có khi ta nhầm với ix nhưng đoạn này không thấy đưa evidence gì cả. viii cũng na ná
vì biết đâu đang nói chuyện pp này không thể duy trì tốt mãi được? Không chắc chắn ta cứ note
lại.
Section E: đoạn này nói rõ là cái pp quản lí đó chẳng tốt đẹp gì, nói đến tiêu cực, ta khoanh
được ngay các đáp án i, v, vii, viii, ix. i sai vì không có phàn nàn, mà nó khớp với đoạn B hơn. v:
chưa thấy sự thay đổi pp gì, imposible cũng không thấy đề cập, còn viii và ix hợp lí hơn cả nhưng
ix rõ ràng hợp lí hơn vì nhắc đến evidence (=recent studies show that) rồi thì pp hiện tại nhiều hại
hơn lợi.

Part 7
47 C. ‘what had been a largely desolate stretch’ — desolate here means ‘gloomy, depressing’. Past Perfect
tense implies that it is no longer so, the design has changed for the better.

48 B. Middle of the paragraph starts with ‘Explaining his approach to designing …’, Paoletti compares his
style to one of ‘free-form jazz’.

49 E. Second sentence of that paragraph how the design has radically transformed the appearance of the
station.

50 B. Paoletti complains how the station he designed is compared to a cathedral, and he jokingly complains
that it isa cathedral, not something that looks like one.

51 E. Last sentence of this paragraph contains Paoletti’s thoughts on the function of the underground
stations.

52 E. Middle of the same paragraph gives Paoletti’s comments on the criticism and how he managed to
‘save millions in tunnelling costs’.

53 D. Very beginning of the paragraph: ‘seamless marriage of architecture and engineering’— two different
elements that Paoletti attempts to unite seamlessly(without any visible transition between one and the other).
54 A. Second sentence claims that Paoletti ‘possessed the persuasiveness and tenacity’ to accomplish this
project. ‘Tenacity’ means persistence and willpower.

55 D. Third sentence mentions: ‘design stopped at the top of the escalators leading down to the
platforms…’. This was as far as architects were allowed to go with their ideas.

56 A. Last but one sentence contains the architect’s opinion on his predecessors:‘whom Paoletti dismissed as
visionless ‘trench-diggers’’

Part 8
7. I didn’t work long hours because I was aware of health risks.
- I knew better than to work long hours because I was aware of health risks.
- Know better than: be wise or polite enough to avoid doing a particular thing
8. We must go back to the beginning and find the error.
- We must go back to square one to find the error.
- Square one: bắt đầu lại từ đầu

9. Tim failed to get into university and he gets very annoyed if it’s mentioned.
- Timothy has got a chip on his shoulder about his failure to get into university.
Get a chip on one’s shoulder: to seem angry all the time because you think you have been treated unfairly or
feel you are not as good as other people.

10. If there is a fire, people should not use the lift. (event)
In the event of a fire, people should not use the lift.
In the event of: trong trường hơp
11. Harry knows about the new regulations so let’s ask him. (brains)
Let’s pick Harry’s brains about the new regulations
pick Harry’s brains: hỏi ý kiến của ai về vc gì
12. I managed to persuade John not to resign. (talk)
I managed to talk John out of resigning.
Talk sb out of: thuyết phục ai không làm gì
Talk into : thuyết phục ai làm gì
13. Why did you have to cause so much trouble over something so unimportant? (dance)
Why did you have to make such a song and dance about something so unimportant
make a song and dance about: làm to chuyệ về vc gì
14, -It stood out a mile that he knew nothing about the subject.
Stood out a mile: rõ rãng ,dễ thấy
15, I have so much on my plate at the moment that I can’t take on any extra work.
Have so much on one’s plate: có quá nhiều việc phải làm,giải quyết
16, His latest theory is flies in the face of mainstream thinking.

Flies in the face: annoying things

Test 15
Phần 1:
Part 1.You will hear two students, Bella and Tom, discussing an article they have read about a woman
astronaut. For questions 1-5, decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F). (10
points)
1. The speakers agree that being an astronaut is an unexpected job for woman.
2. Bella particularly admires the astronaut Ellen Ochoa because of her determination to fulfil a childhood
dream.
3. Tom was surprised to learn that people who want to become astronauts should have experience as
aeroplane pilots.
4. Bella thinks the most interesting part of Ellen’s life is coping with unexpected problems.
5. Tom and Bella both now decide to go to some talks on space travel in films and literature.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Part 2. You will hear part of a psychologist being interviewed about friendship. Choose the answer (A, B
C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. (10 points)
1. From three to five years old, children ________
A. are happy to play alone.
B. prefer to be with their family.
C. have rather selfish relationships
D. have little idea of ownership.
2. From age five to eight or ten, children ________
A. change their friends more often.
B. decide who they want to be friends with.
C. admire people who don’t keep to rules.
D. learn to be tolerant of their friends.
3. According to Sarah Browne, adolescents ________
A. may be closer to their friends than to their parents.
B. develop an interest in friends of the opposite sex.
C. choose friends with similar personalities to themselves.
D. want friends who are dependable.
4. Young married couple ________
A. tend to focus on their chidren.
B. often lose touch with their friends.
C. make close friends less easily.
D. need fewer friends than single people.
5. In middle or old age people generally prefer ________
A. to stay in touch with old friends.
B. to see younger friends more often.
C. to have friends who live nearby.
D. to spend more time with their friends.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Part 3: You will hear a part of an interview with a man called Ewan Richardson, who is trying to
persuade people to use less paper. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences with NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS for each gap. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (20 points)
1. Every year, the average UK citizen uses about ________ of paper.
2. Most of the world’s paper comes from very _______ forests.
3. The production of paper causes terrible ________ in some places.
4. The destruction of the forests is a much bigger cause of global warming than ________
5. Ewan says that there are already paper recycling bins in many ________
6. You can use less paper by avoiding unnecessary ________ when you are studying or working.
7. You can often reuse________ that you have received.
8. To receive less junk mail, don’t ask for _______ when you buy something.
9. Stop receiving any magazines you don’t always read, or________ them with others.
10. Most ________ published in Britain are now printed on recycled paper.
Your answers:
1. 3. 5. 7. 9.
2. 4. 6. 8. 10.

Part 1:A: PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
1. The free tickets for the band’s concert were ______________ within seconds by the enthusiasts flocking
at the hall door.
A. run up B. broken up C. drawn up D. snapped up
2. The whole business sounds too irrational to me to risk ______________ all my life savings.
A. running through B. pulling down C. calling up D. handing over
3. Our grandfather can ______________ his war experiences all day round. Sometimes, we all get truly
bored with it.
A. figure out B. harp on C. turn away D. split up
4. ‘Do you think Robert is a good candidate for the job?’ ‘ Well, I have known the boy for many years and I
can ______________ his great capacity for solving complex questions.’
A. vouch for B. set in C. take back D. account for
5. You’d better be ______________ your toes all day round in case a new alarm is raised.
A. in B. on C. with D. about
6. There’s no point ______________ at Dr. Barker. She’s not responsible for what’s happened.
A. cottoning on B. warding off C. blacking out D. lashing out
7. You should ______________ your parents ______________ and see what they think of your plan.
A. answer …back B. sound …out C. crowd …around D. pick …on
8. The photo’s got a couple of marks on it, so I’ll scan it and ______________ it __________ with some
software I’ve got.
A. make …up B. touch …up C. scrap …through D. write …off
9. These carrots have ______________ a bit, so I think I’ll throw them out.
A. shrivelled up B. creased up C. summoned up D. played up
10. That wall would fall over if it wasn’t ______________ with planks of wood.
A. watered down B. propped up C. chanced upon D. stored up

B. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
1. I don’t think you have been watering the plants near the gate. The soil is _____.
A. as dry as rice B. as dry as a tile
C. as dry as a bone D. as dry as wood
2. They are happily married although, of course, they argue _____.
A. every now and then B. from day to day
C. most times D. on the occasion
3. Mr. Jones knew who had won the contest, but he kept it under his _____ until it was announced publicly.
A. cap B. tongue C. hat D. umbrella
4. The professor’s _____ theory is that singing preceded speech.
A. fancied B. fond C. preferable D. pet
5. I'll have to go to the wedding of Ms. Jane, a _____ of mine.
A. heart to heart B. body and soul
C. flesh and blood D. skin and bones
6. If he tries to _____ ignorance as his excuse, just tell him we’ve got a copy of the authorization with his
signature on it.
A. defend B. plead C. pretend D. protest
7. I know you are upset about breaking up with Tom, but there are plenty more _____.
A. horses in the stable B. cows in the shed
C. tigers in the jungle D. fish in the sea
8. James never remembers anything; he’s got a memory like _____.
A. a cow B. a mouse C. a sieve D. a bucket
9. He travelled _____ for twenty years and then he decided to return home.
A. far from it B. the farthest of all
C. far and wide D. farther away
10. Indicate the most suitable response to complete the following exchange
- Nadine “I’ve been offered $550 for my stereo. Should I take it or wait a better one?”
- Kitty: “Take the $550. _____.”
A. Actions speak louder than words
B. Kill two birds with one stone
C. The early bird catches the worm
D. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush
Part 2: The passage below contains 10 mistakes. Underline the mistakes and write their correct
forms in the space provided in the column on the right. (10 points)
Line Have you ever tried a strawberry pizza? If you went to Oxnard, the "Strawberry Capital
1. of California," in May, you could!
2. Oxnard is in Southern California and the part of the state takes its strawberries very
3. serious. At the two-day California Strawberry Festival you can sample strawberries
4. prepared in all kinds of ways. In addition to traditional treatment such as strawberry
5. shortcake, strawberry jam, strawberry tarts and strawberries dipped into chocolate,
6. there is strawberry pizza! This dessert pizza is topped with strawberries, sour cream,
7. cream cheese and whipped cream on a sweetened bread baked like a pizza. Strawberry
8. kabobs dipped in powdered sugar are another delicacy. And drinks like a strawberry
9. smoothie can wash it all away.
10. Strawberries are a big business in Oxnard. Twenty-four companies harvest and cool
11. nearly 16 million trays of berries, which are shipped throughout North America as long
12. as to Germany and Japan. The festival, which attracts more than 85,000 visitors,
13. features three stages with musical entertainment, 335 arts and crafting exhibits,
14. strolling musicians, clowns, artists, face-painting, contests, and a "Strawberry land" for
15. children with puppets, magicians, musicians, and a petting zoo.
16.
17.
Line Mistake Correction
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Part 3: Part 1: For questions 1–10, read the following passages and decide which answer (A, B, C or D)
best fits each gap. Write your answers (A, B, C, or D) in corresponding numbered boxes. (10pts)
Does wealth have anything to do with how (86) _____ and generous a person is? Can we (87) _____ greater
generosity to the better off in society? And are people stingier the less (88) _____ they are? Research by
psychologists in the UK and the US has revealed that, on the contrary, when it comes to charity and (89)
_____, it seems that poverty brings out the (90) _____ in people. They found that although the wealthiest
gave more in absolute terms, they gave less as a proportion of their income. While the poorest appear to give
over three per cent of their monthly income to good causes, the richest are giving less than two per cent. But
the (91) _____ classes aren’t only more (92) _____, they also
seem to be less thoughtful and kind. An experiment to find out which cars were most likely to stop for a
pedestrian at a zebra crossing revealed that the grander and more expensive the car, the less (93) _____ the
driver was to stop. Does this mean that the more privileged you are, the more (94) _____ you feel, in this
case to get there more quickly without having to stop for others? But it isn’t all bad news for the well-to-do
when it comes to generosity. There are many great (95) _____ who are prepared to give away their fortunes
to the more vulnerable in society, and it has been found that the rich are more likely to do voluntary work
than the poor.
86 A prosperous B vulnerable C affluent D empathetic
87 A attach B bring about C attribute D credit
88 A well-heeled B well-kept C opulent D shady
89 A affluence B miserliness C compassion D want
90 A best B worst C most D least
91 A wanting B moneyed C thrifty D cautious
 92 A thick-skinned B impassive C impartial D tight-fisted
93 A likely B often C possible D expected
94 A entitled B essential C indispensable D critical
95 A misanthropes B sponsors C philanthropists D donors
Part 4: Read the text below and think of one word which best fits each space. Use only ONE WORD for
each space. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (10 pts)

Busy, busy, busy

With obesity having shot up across the globe to dangerously high levels in recent years, it is litle
wonded that people have started to ask why. True, (1)______ have changed; we all know that we live in a
McWorld, hunting and gathering our food from fast-food outlets and supermarket aisles, but it can’t all be
down to diet, can it?
Technology has changed modern life to such an extent that few aspects of life today bear any
(2)______ to lives only a couple of generations ago. Just taking fobs as an example, how many of us today
spend twelve hours a day on our feet physically slogging ourselves (3)______ the ground? Or how many
families could you imagine living without a car? Kids walking to school, parents going to half a (4)______
local shops, on foot, to buy the week’s food, family holidays by bus to the nearest seaside town. Take Tina
Jameson, a mother of two (5)______ has to juggle home and a part-time job. She says ‘I have’t got time to
walk annywhere. But I’d have even (6)______ time without a washing machine or dishwasher’. We now
have so many (7)______ in our lives that allow us such drastically better lifestyle choices that at times it can
be difficult to picture these in a negative way.
Without doubt there are (8)______ to these changes. The number of people who suffer debilitaing
injuries at work is miniscule in comparison to the past. Fewer hours working and more efficient transport are
all (9)______ our benefit in allowing us a greater amount of leisure time. At what cost though? We may save
a few hours day travelling and enjoy less physically demanding working conditons, but is this really
(10)_____ it when the cost to our health and life expectancy is so high? Modern lifestyles have become
shockingly sedentary and incombinaton with the deterioration in diet this is surely creating a ticking time
bomb for modern humanity.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 5
Read the text below. For questions 1-10, choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) according to the text. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes. (15 pts)
Paragrap Decisions
h In a theoretical model of decision making, a decision is defined as the process of
selecting one option from among a group of options for implementation. []4A.
Decisions are formed by a decision maker, the one who actually chooses the final
option, in conjunction with a decision unit, all of those in the organization around
the decision maker who take part in the process. []4B. In this theoretical model, the
1 members of the decision unit react to an unidentified problem by studying the
problem, determining the objectives of the organization, formulating options,
evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of each of the options, and reaching a
conclusion. []4C. Many different factors can have an effect on the decision,
including the nature of the problem itself, external forces exerting an influence on
the organization, the internal dynamics of the decision unit, and the personality of
the decision maker. []4D
During recent years, decision making has been studied systematically by drawing
from such diverse areas of study as psychology, sociology, business, government,
history, mathematics, and statistics. Analyses of decisions often emphasize one of
2 three principal conceptual perspectives (though often the approach that is actually
employed is somewhat eclectic).
In the oldest of the three approaches, decisions are made by a rational actor,
who makes a particular decision directly and purposefully in response to a specific
threat from the external environment. It is assumed that this rational actor has clear
3 objectives in mind, develops numerous reasonable options, considers the
 advantages and disadvantages of each option carefully, chooses the best option after
careful analysis, and then proceeds to implement it fully. A variation of the rational
actor model is a decision maker who is a satisfier, one who selects the first
satisfactory option rather than continuing the decision-making process until the
optimal decision has been reached.
A second perspective places an emphasis on the impact of routines on decisions
within organizations. It demonstrates how organizational structures and routines
such as standard operating procedures tend to limit the decision-making process in
a variety of ways, perhaps by restricting the information available to the decision
unit, by restricting the breadth of options among which the decision unit may
choose, or by inhibiting the ability of the organization to implement the decision
quickly and effectively once it has been taken. Pre-planned routines and standard
4 operating procedures are essential to coordinate the efforts of large numbers of
people in massive organizations. However, these same routines and procedures can
also have an inhibiting effect on the ability of the organization to arrive at optimal
decisions and implement them efficiently. In this sort of decision-making process,
organizations tend to take not the optimal decision but the decision that best fits
within the permitted operating parameters outlined by the organization.
A third conceptual perspective emphasizes the internal dynamics of the decision
unit and the extent to which decisions are based on political forces within the
organization. This perspective demonstrates how bargaining among individuals
who have different interests and motives and varying levels of power in the
decision unit lead to eventual compromise that is not the preferred choice of any of
5 the members of the decision unit.
Each of these three perspectives on the decision-making process demonstrates a
different point of view on decision making, a different lens through which the
decision-making process can be observed. It is safe to say that decision making in
most organizations shows marked influences from each perspective; i.e., an
organization strives to get as close as possible to the rational model in its decisions,
6 yet the internal routines and dynamics of the organization come into play in the
decision.

1. It can be inferred from the information in paragraph 1 that the theoretical decision-making process
A. involves only the decision maker
B. requires the contemplation of numerous options.
C. is made without the decision unit
D. does not work in real situations
2. The phrase in conjunction with in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by
A. along with B. tied to C. apart from D. connected to
3. All of the following are listed in paragraph 1 as having an effect on decisions EXCEPT
A. evaluation of the problem B. focus on objectives
C. generation of options D. open-ended discussions
4. Look at the four squares [] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage
Additionally, when a decision must be made in a crisis situation, both stress and the speed at which events
are progressing can have an effect, often a negative one, on the decision process.
5. The word eclectic in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
A. bizarre B. personal C. mixed D. organized
6. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that a rational actor would be least likely to
A. deal with a specific threat B. work in a random fashion
C. ponder various options D. consider disadvantages of options
7. The word it in paragraph 3 refers to
A. each option B. the best option C. careful analysis D. variation
8. Why does the author mention a satisfier, one who selects the first satisfactory option rather than
continuing the decision-making process until the optimal decision has been reached in paragraph 3?
A. A satisfier shows contrasting behavior to a rational actor.
B. A satisfier exhibits more common behavior than a rational actor.
C. A satisfier is the predecessor of a rational actor.
D. A satisfier shares some characteristics with a rational actor.
9. According to paragraph 5, what is the end result of political bargaining within an organization?
A. No decision is ever reached.
B. Differing interests and motives are changed.
C. No one is completely satisfied with the final outcome.
D. The members of the decision unit leave the unit.
10. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in
paragraph 4? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Set routines within organizations tend to constrain decisions.
B. The restriction of information limits the number of options in a decision.
C. Organizations need to set up strict procedures to maximize the effectiveness of decisions.
D. Procedures are needed to ensure that decisions are implemented quickly and effectively.

Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 4. Read the passage and answer the questions from 1-10 (15 pts)

TACKLING OBESITY IN THE WESTERN WORLD

A. Obesity is a huge problem in many Western countries and one which now attracts considerable
medical interest as researchers take up the challenge to find a cure for the common condition of being
seriously overweight. However, rather than take responsibility for their weight, obese people have often
sought solace in the excuse that they have a slow metabolism, a genetic hiccup which sentences more than
half the Australian population (63% of men and 47% of women) to a life of battling with their weight. The
argument goes like this: it doesn’t matter how little they eat, they gain weight because their bodies break
down food and turn it into energy more slowly than those with a so-called normal metabolic rate.
B. “This is nonsense,” says Dr Susan Jebb from the Dunn Nutrition Unit at Cambridge in England.
Despite the persistence of this metabolism myth, science has known for several years that the exact opposite
is in fact true. Fat people have faster metabolisms than thin people. “What is very clear,” says Dr Jebb, “ is
that overweight people actually burn off more energy. They have more cells, bigger hearts, bigger lungs and
they all need more energy just to keep going.”
C. It took only one night, spent in a sealed room at the Dunn Unit to disabuse one of their patients of the
beliefs of a lifetime: her metabolism was fast, not slow. By sealing the room and measuring the exact
amount of oxygen she used, researchers were able to show her that her metabolism was not the culprit. It
wasn’t the answer they expected and probably not the one she wanted but she took the news philosophically.
D. Although the metabolism myth has been completely disproved, science has far from discounted our
genes as responsible for making us whatever weight we are, fat or thin. One of the world’s leading obesity
researchers, geneticist Professor Stephen O’Rahilly, goes so far as to say we are on the threshold of a
complete change in the way we view not ony morbid obesity, but aslo everyday overweight.
Prof.O’Rahilly’s groundbreaking work in Cambridge has proven that obesity can be caused by our genes.
“These people are not weak-will, slothful or lazy,” says Pro.O’Rahilly, “They have a medical condition due
to genetic defect and that causes them to be obese.”
E. In Australia, the University of Sydney’s Professor Ian Caterson says while major genetic defects may
be rare, many people probably have minor genetic variations that combine to dictate weight and are
responsible for things such as how much we eat, the amount of exercise we do and the amount of energy we
need. When you add up all these little variations, the result is that some people are genetically predisposed
to putting on weight. He says while the fast/slow metabolism debate may have been settled, that doesn’t
mean some other subtle changes in the metabolism gene won’t be found in overweight people. He is
confident that science will, eventually, be able to “cure” some forms of obesity but the only effective way
for the vast majority of overweight and obese people to lose weight is a change of diet and an increase in
exercise.
F. Despite the $500 million a year Australians spend trying to lose weight and the $830 million it costs
the community in health care, obesity is at epidemic proportions here, as it is in all Western nations. Until
recently, research and treatment for obesity had concentrated on behaviour modification, drugs to decrease
appetite and surgery. How the drugs worked was often not understood and many caused severe side effects
and even death in some patients. Surgery for obesity has also claimed many lives.

Questions 1-5: Choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph. Write the appropriate numbers (i-
ix) in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.

i. Obesity in animals Paragraph A x

ii. Hidden dangers
iii. Proof of the truth 1. Paragraph B
iv. New perspective on the horizon 2. Paragraph C
v. No known treatment 3. Paragraph D
vi. Expert explains energy requirements of obese people 4. Paragraph E
vii. Nature or nurture 5. Paragraph F
viii. Shifting the blame
ix. Lifestyle change required despite new findings

Questions 6-10
Complete the summary below, using the words from the box provided.
OBESITY
People with a weight problem often try to deny responsibility. They do this by seeking to blame their 6.
________ for the fact that they are overweight and erroneously believe that they use 7. ________ energy
than thin people to stay alive. However, recent research has shown that a 8.________ problem can be
responsible for obesity as some people seem programmed to 9.________ more than others. The new
research points to a shift from trying to change people’s 10.________ to seeking an answer to the problem in
the laboratory.

List of words
weight exercise sleep
mind bodies exercise
metabolism more genetic
less physical consume
behaviour use mental

Part 7

You are going to read about four independent jewellery designers. For questions 47-56, choose from the
sections of the article (A-D). The sections may be chosen more than once.

Which designer …

47 is concerned about the sourcing of her materials?

48 is claimed to have the wrong attitude to business?

49 uses the same combination of metals and precious stones in each piece of jewellery?

50 creates designs that feature different versions of the same symbol?

51 intends her jewellery to stand the test of time?

52 designs pieces to reflect her beliefs that everything is linked by patterns?

53 uses inspirations from experiences when she was young?

54 makes jewellery that is easily attributable to her?

55 does not work exclusively on making jewellery?

56 was originally inspired by a social connection?

Shining lights

A Emma Franklin
‘It has always been about animals,’ Emma Franklin says. ‘My friend’s grandmother had an amazing stag
brooch with huge antlers and that’s where it started. Everyone has a relationship with an animal in my
collection.’ Franklin has focused on jewellery design since her teens and graduated from Central Saint
Martins in 2005, setting up her own business immediately. Based in east London, Franklin, twenty-nine,
hand-makes each necklace, bangle, ring, cuff link and pin, featuring any of fourteen animal heads, from a
pig to a triceratops, as well as a shotgun. All her pieces are made in solid silver, plated in twenty-two-carat
yellow gold or black rhodium,with black diamonds and freshwater pearls. Bespoke commissions,
predominantly engagement rings, not all animal-related, are becoming more frequent. Franklin’s robust
designs are instantly recognisable, as she has discovered. ‘Recently in a pub this girl was wearing one of my
rings at the bar, so I introduced myself. She was completely star-struck and fetched over her dad, who had
bought it for her. I had to explain that it was really me who was excited.’

В Alexandra Jefford
‘My design style constantly evolves,’ Alexandra Jefford says. ‘But even though I try new things, I can’t kick
my art background. I’m really inspired by art, architecture, design, furniture design.’ Jefford, forty-two,
graduated in 1992 with a degree in fine art, began designing jewellery in 2003 and sold her first piece, a gold
ring, on its first outing, at dinner with a friend. Her designs, produced on a project-by-project basis rather
than as collections, include her signature Alphabet series for which she designed a slim font. Her recent О
project interprets that letter in various typefaces. She combines jewellery design with other artistic pursuits
such as sculptural welding and life drawing. Fans range from her daughter’s friends to her mother’s friends,
although she doesn’t always want to sell. ‘I become emotionally involved with all my pieces, so I find it
really hard to let go. There are still some pieces that I hide “for the family museum”. My husband says that I
work as a shopper rather than a seller.’

C Hattie Rickards
Hattie Rickards’ first collection of twelve rings, entitled Revealed, was launched last November and was an
instant success. Her second, Geo, came out last month to even greater acclaim. ‘The ethos behind Geo is
connection and relationships, bringing tessellating or geometrical shapes together making one, for example,
the Kindredring, where two puzzle pieces fit neatly together.’ Hampshire-born Rickards, set up on her own
last year. ‘I wanted to create a high-end, luxury jewellery brand with an ethical backbone, which coincided
with a gap in the market.’ All Hattie Rickards’ jewellery is made using Fairtrade precious stones from
Thailand and India and eighteen-carat, Fairtrade, fair-mined gold from Colombia. HRJ is one of the first
twenty companies to become a certified user of this type of gold, many of its pieces having the premium
‘ecological’ label. There are no plans for e-commerce, as Rickards believes this detracts from the meaning
behind the piece. ‘I am passionate that people understand the symbolism behind my work. I don’t want it to
just be a ring on a website. The story is so important.’

D Mawi Keivom
Mawi Keivom, thirty-nine, is known for her architectural statement jewellery: chunky box chains with
coloured pearls, spiked gold rings and brightly-coloured gems. Born in the north-east of India, forty miles
from the Burmese border, into the Mahr tribe, Keivom draws her influences from a peripatetic childhood
with her diplomat parents that took them to Africa, the Middle East, south-east Asia and Europe. Keivom
studied fashion design in New Zealand, then, after a stint in New York, moved to London in 1993, where
she met her husband, Tim Awan, and together they set up Mawi in 2001 – she as the jewellery designer, he
as the business brain. ‘My style of jewellery is very individual and not for the faint-hearted. I have a very
strong vision that translates into an industrial, graphic aesthetic offset with crystals and pearls that are a little
bit feminine. I don’t try to do something that is for the moment. My pieces are classics in their own right, not
trend-specific
Part 8
Rewrite the sentences in such a way that they mean almost the same as the sentences printed before
them.
1. A new house is impossible – we can not afford it. Question
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The fact that the judge had been involved in some illegal activities was not revealed until several years
after his death. Light

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Don’t forget those who are at work on this lovely, sunny day! Spare
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. The severity of the punishment bore no relation to the seriousness of the crime.
Proportion
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. The impression most people have of him is that he is an honest person. Comes
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. The manager told his staff that he was pleased, but he could do better. Room
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. They’ll cause a lot of trouble. Cat

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Some people say that there’s hardly any difference between love and hate. Line
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. She can buy anything she wants – She’s very rich. Rolling
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. A rise in temperature in the next century seems likely. Chance

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

KEY
Phần 1:

Part 1. You will hear two students, Bella and Tom, discussing an article they have read about a woman
astronaut. For questions 1-5, decide whether following statements are True (T) or False (F). (10 pts) –
(CAE trainer)

1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. T

Part 2. You will hear part of a psychologist being interviewed about friendship. Choose the answer (A, B
C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. (10 points)

1.C 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.A

Part 3: You will hear a part of an interview with a man called Ewan Richardson , who is trying to
persuade people to use less paper. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences with NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS for each gap. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (20 points)
(FCE TRAINER)
 1. 250 kilos 3. pollution 5. 7. envelopes 9. share
schools

2. old/ancient 4. Air travel 6. printing 8. more 10. newspapers

information

Part 1.
Tom: That was a really interesting article the tutor recommended about Ellen Ochoa, wasn't it, Bella?
Bella: It certainly was, Tom. I used to dream of going into space when I was a kid. Though I know now I
wouldn't be the right kind of person for the job.
Tom: But surely they need all sorts of different types of people?
Bella: Mm. I'm not sure about that I’d get too panicky if there were problems I think. (1) Anyway,I found if
particularly interesting to read about a spacewoman. There aren't too many of those around
Tom: You're right there!
Bella: Anyway. I'm sure they'd be just as able as men to cope with all the challenges of the job. The article
certainly suggests that Ellen was something special, the way she defied all the odds in her determination to
do what she’d wanted to do ever since she was small. (2) What I liked best were the sections which quoted
her – I thought she was amazingly good at conveying what it was like to go into space.
Tom: True. And she's also obviously a very talented scientist
Bella: Yes, she did amazing work and I think she sounds as if she must have been a wonderful colleague for
the others in her team.
Tom: Absolutely, Bella. I also found the article interesting in what it said about the requirements for
becoming an astronaut. I knew you'd have to have done loads of flight hours as an ordinary aircraft pilot of
course. And l suppose it's not that surprising they want people who are good at sport and who aren't either
too small or too tall.
Bella: Mm. well, I was surprised, Tom that being shorter than the average was not acceptable I wouldn't
have expected that to be an issue. (3) But I never imagined that you needed to have a post-graduate degree I
don't think l even realised you had to be a graduate.
Tom: Me neither. I never imagined that. Anyway, she does have an interesting life, doesn't she?
Bella: Yes, Tom I know. Imagine walking in space and having to work inside and outside the capsule when
you're weightless.
Tom: Yes, that must be extraordinary. For me I think the most interesting bit would be having to deal with
all the little unexpected problems that arise, having to sort things out within your little team. That must be
amazing.
Bella: Yes, it must. (4) But I was particularly intrigued by her account of the role she sometimes has as one
of the people on earth who are in control of the mission. You know when she helps them communicate with
other astronauts in space. I thought that sounded really fascinating. Being the one person present on the
ground who really understands what life is like for the space crew. She must be able to make things go much
more smoothly Anyway, all in all I thought it was a brilliant article.
Tom: Yes. it was. Though I thought it was a pity it didn’t tell us as much as it might have done about the
less pleasant sides of being in space. I can't believe that it's always straightforward, that all they do is
admire the views and carry out lots of ground-breaking scientific research There must be some low points -
even if it’s only being irritated by some annoying habit of a fellow crew member or getting fed up with the
same old food.
Bella: Well, we could always try to do a bit more research into that sort of area, if you liked. Tom. I
wondered even If Ellen Ochoa’s experiences might make a topic for that science coursework we’ve got to do
next term. Or, you know, we could see what we could learn about everyone who’s gone into space from
Yuri Gagarin to the present day.
Tom: Well, I’m not sure about that. I was quite keen to do something on the funding of space research.
Anyway, I suppose we could bear it in mind. (5) But what I do fancy doing is going to a series of lectures
I've seen advertised on astronauts and how they’re portrayed in the cinema and in books.
Bella: Wow! That sounds brilliant! Do you mind it I come along too?
Tom: Of course not, Bella. It'd be good to do it together.
Part 2
Interviewer: And now Sarah Brown is here to talk to us about her latest book. Patterns of Friendship.
Sarah, you’ve found that there are quite noticeable patterns in the way that people make friends…
Sarah Brown: Mmm, absolutely. For example, friendship becomes important quite early on, in children as
young as three. But up to about five, children have what you could call unchosen playmates, based quite
practically on what’s available, they can’t exactly go out to look for them… often the children of their
parents’friends, or family relations. (1C)– And it’s actually quite an egoistic relationship at this stage there
may be frequent quarrels over possessions-toys and so on…
Interviewer: Yes, you think they’ll play together happily sharing their toys and the next thing you know,
one’s in floods of tears and you have to sort out …
Sarah Brown: Yes, but by the time the child’s about five it starts to change. (2B) Once they’re at school,
children begin to choose their own playmates– other children in the same class, or living nearby, maybe in
the same street. And they start to co-operate more. But friendship’s still a way of serving self-interest, and
friends are expected to keep to certain rules.
Interviewer: Yes, I noticed with my own kids that they can get really upset with their friends.
Sarah Brown: Yes, exactly, and this carries on to eight or ten years old, but gradually they begin to be able
to see things from other people’s point of view and er this, marks the point at which the child is beginning to
acquire knowledge of social relationships.
Interviewer: And how do they develop these social skills?
Sarah Brown: Well, from 12 onwards, as they enter adolescence, children are beginning to stand on their
own feet, er, the influence of their parents tend to decline, and they feel the need for a close friend, nearly
always with someone of the same sex. (3D) They’re looking for friends who are people they admire, who
they see as similar to the sort of person they’d like to be and these friendships take on great importance.
Friends have got to be trustworthy and friendships are very exclusive, but at the same time there’s the group
thing, they’re developing networks of friends, having fun together.
Interviewer: So they go to clubs and cafes big groups.
Sarah Brown: Mmm, yes, and spend a lot of their free time together. And this continues for some years – so
young adults – from 18 to 25, or when they get married, have close friendships, like adolescents, and may
see their friends every day, and spend hours on the phones.
Interviewer: I suppose that for most of us, this is probably the period when our circle of friends is at its
widest, isn’t it? But is it affected by marriage?
Sarah Brown: oh yes, quite considerably – the couple may move away, they may have children. Friends
still see one another, but instead of every day or every week, they might get together once 2 month or just at
special times…parties and so on.
Interviewer: And what about new friends?
Sarah Brown: (4C) They may make some, but they tend to be based more on neighbourhood and work
contacts, and they’re often less intimate than the friendships formed earlier on.
Interviewer: So less in the way of sharing secrets and confidences.
Sarah Brown: Yes, exactly. (5A) And in middle age, between 55 and 65 or even older, after retirement,
people take on new friends even less easily. At this time of life they hold on to earlier friendships which are
often more intimate than the more recent ones, even though they see these older friends less often. Friends
now aren’t based so much on neighbourhood they can be with people of any age. And ironically, when they
give up work there’s a further decline in contacts with friends.
Interviewer: Really?
Sarah Brown: Yes, because of transport difficulties, illness, that sort of thing. They’re more likely to turn
back to their families at this point full circle, as you might say!
Interviewer: Sarah Brown, thank you

Part 3.
Interviewer: I have with me in the studio the environmentalist Ewan Richardson, who believes we all use
far too much paper in our everyday lives. So tell me, Ewan, how much of it per year do we in the UK
actually get through?
Ewan: The figures are truly amazing. Last year the world total came to around 335 millions tonnes, with
those here accounting for 12.5 millions tonnes of that. And whereas somebody in one of the poorer parts of
the world might use about 20 kilos of paper annually, (1) in this country the equivalent figure is
approximately 250 kilos per person. In other words, we use around 20 tonnes over our lifetime, and nearly
all of that is simply thrown away. Apart, perhaps, from the books we keep.
Interviewer: And why is it so important that we use less? Surely most paper these days comes from new
trees?
Ewan: That’s what many people think, that they just replace the trees that are cut down with young, fast-
growing ones in brand-new forests, probably in Scandinavia. But (2) in fact those that produce nearly all the
paper we use are really old, in countries such as Canada and Russia where they may take centuries to grow.
And the process of turning the trees into paper can be extremely harmful to the environment, too.
Interviewer: In that way?
Ewan: It involves the use of very powerful chemicals and these often end up in rivers and lakes, so (3) the
resulting pollution has an awful effect on the wildlife there. And of course most of the paper eventually ends
up as rubbish buries in the ground, which increases the amount of carbon dioxide released into the
atmosphere. As does the deforestation. It’s now a major cause of global warming.
Interviewer: It’s that bad?
Ewan: Definitely. Although energy production and use is the biggest single cause, (4) the massive loss of
forests is in second place, well ahead, for instance, of air travel, which we hear a lot more about in the
media. And for what? Junk mail that advertisers keep sending us, even though the know that 99% of it will
be thrown away, magazines we don’t read, and so on.
Interviewer: So what can people do about it? Recycle more paper?
Ewan: Yes. (5) Special bins for this, rather like bottle banks, can certainly help. Nowadays you often see
them in schools, and quite a lot of shops and officials are planning to install bins to recycle all the waste
paper they create, instead of just throwing it all out. But of course the most important thing is not to use so
much in the first place. For instance, when we’re on the computer, we often get into the habit of (6) printing
pages, whether or not we actually need them for our work or studies. Clicking on ‘save as’ is much quicker
and better for the environment.
Interviewer: In the same way that emailing friends is better than posting letters to them.
Ewan: Sure. By the way, whenever someone sends you documents in (7) one of those big envelopes, it
makes sense to use it again when you next need to mail something large. Just put a sticker over your address
and re-address it. But don’t forget the stamps!
Interviewer: And what can you do about junk mail?
Ewan: Well, it’s easy to have your name taken off the direct mail list so you’re not automatically sent
advertising material. Also, (8) whenever you pay for a product or service, you should never tick the box that
says “more information”. Doing so usually means you’ll soon be getting unwanted stuff through the post.
Of course, there are bound to be other things coming through your letter box that you don’t really need.
Interviewer: Such as?
Ewan: Catalogues. And magazines. There are probably some of those we hardly look at, so why not cancel
the subscription? If you don’t want to do that, why not (9) find out who else takes the same one, and share it
with them?
Interviewer: I’m sure that individuals doing things like that can make a difference in the end, but what
about big organizations? What are they doing?
Ewan: It’s encouraging that publishing firms are using more and more recycled paper in their products.
Magazines have been rather slow in that respect, and for books it depends on the publisher, but (10) the
figure for UK newspapers is now 70%, which is very pleasing for all of us concerned about this problem.

Phần 2:
Part 1 : A.

1. D 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. B

1. The free tickets for the band’s concert were ______________ within seconds by the enthusiasts flocking
at the hall door.
A. run up B. broken up C. drawn up D. snapped up
snap up something=to buy or obtain something quickly and enthusiastically
2. The whole business sounds too irrational to me to risk ______________ all my life savings.
A. running throughB. pulling down C. calling up D. handing over
Run through= use up an amount of something quickly
3. Our grandfather can ______________ his war experiences all day round. Sometimes, we all get truly
bored with it.
A. figure out B. harp on C. turn away D. split up
harp on (about sth)=to talk or complain about something many times
4. ‘Do you think Robert is a good candidate for the job?’ ‘ Well, I have known the boy for many years and I
can ______________ his great capacity for solving complex questions.’
A. vouch for B. set in C. take back D. account for
vouch for something/someone=to support the truth of something or the good character of someone, based on
your knowledge or experience
5. You’d better be ______________ your toes all day round in case a new alarm is raised.
A. in B. on C. with D. about
on your toes=Someone or something that keeps you on your toes forces you to continue directing all your
attention and energy to what you are doing
6. There’s no point ______________ at Dr. Barker. She’s not responsible for what’s happened.
A. cottoning on B. warding off C. blacking out D. lashing out
lash out=to suddenly attack someone or something physically or criticize him, her, or it in an angry way
7. You should ______________ your parents ______________ and see what they think of your plan.
A. answer …back B. sound …out C. crowd …around D. pick …on
sound out someone=to discover someone's opinions or intentions
8. The photo’s got a couple of marks on it, so I’ll scan it and ______________ it __________ with some
software I’ve got.
A. make …up B. touch …up C. scrap …through D. write …off
touch up something=to improve something with small changes
9. These carrots have ______________ a bit, so I think I’ll throw them out.
A. shrivelled up B. creased up C. summoned up D. played up
shrivelled up=co,teo ,nhăn ,quăn
10. That wall would fall over if it wasn’t ______________ with planks of wood.
A. watered down B. propped up C. chanced upon D. stored up
propped up= lift and give support to something by putting something under it:
water down something=to make something weaker or less effective
chance upon = tình cờ gặp ai
store up = keep a lot of something in one place, to be used in the future// remember things, usually so that
you can tell people about them later

B.
1.C 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.D
1. I don’t think you have been watering the plants near the gate. The soil is _____.
A. as dry as rice B. as dry as a tile
C. as dry as a bone D. as dry as wood
As dry as a bone = khô như khúc xương -> nghĩa là khô thật khô (to be extremely dry); khô như ngói.
2. They are happily married although, of course, they argue _____.
A. every now and then B. from day to day
C. most times D. on the occasion
every now and then= sometimes
3. Mr. Jones knew who had won the contest, but he kept it under his _____ until it was announced publicly.
A. cap B. tongue C. hat D. Umbrella
Keep sth under one’s hat = giữ bí mật điều gì
4. The professor’s _____ theory is that singing preceded speech.
A. fancied B. fond C. preferable D. pet
Pet theory = project, or subject is one that they particularly support or like.
5. I'll have to go to the wedding of Ms. Jane, a _____ of mine.
A. heart to heart B. body and soul
C. flesh and blood D. skin and bones
flesh and blood = người thật, bằng da bằng thịt
6. If he tries to _____ ignorance as his excuse, just tell him we’ve got a copy of the authorization with his
signature on it.
A. defend B. plead C. pretend D. protest
7. I know you are upset about breaking up with Tom, but there are plenty more _____.
A. horses in the stable B. cows in the shed
C. tigers in the jungle D. fish in the sea
'there are plenty more fish in the sea', điều đó có nghĩa là có nhiều lựa chọn khác trong một tình huống. Câu
này thường được nói để an ủi ai đó khi vừa trải qua tan vỡ quan hệ tình cảm (biển còn nhiều cá).
8. James never remembers anything; he’s got a memory like _____.
A. a cow B. a mouse C. a sieve D. a bucket
'Have a memory like a sieve' = có trí nhớ như cái sàng/cái rây -> người trí nhớ kém, nhanh quên
9. He travelled _____ for twenty years and then he decided to return home.
A. far from it B. the farthest of all
C. far and wide D. farther away
from far and wide=from many places
10. Indicate the most suitable response to complete the following exchange
- Nadine “I’ve been offered $550 for my stereo. Should I take it or wait a better one?”
- Kitty: “Take the $550. _____.”
A. Actions speak louder than words
B. Kill two birds with one stone
C. The early bird catches the worm
D. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush= said when you recognize that you should not risk losing
something you already have by trying to get something you think might be better
Kill two birds with one stone= một mũi tên trúng 2 đích
Actions speak louder than words = said to emphasize that what you do is more important and shows
your intentions and feelings more clearly than what you say
The early bird catches the worm= nghĩa là ai đến sớm/xuất hiện sớm sẽ có khả năng thành công hơn. Tiếng Việt cũng có một
câu thành ngữ tương ứng là "Trâu chậm uống nước đục".

Part 2:
Line Mistake Correction
1. 2 the this
2. 3 serious seriously
3. 4 kinds sorts
4. 5 treatment treats
5. 6 into in
6. 8 sweetened sweet
7. 10 away down
8. 11 a big business big business
9. 13 long far
10. 15 crafting crafts

Part 3
1.B 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.A
Does wealth have anything to do with how (86) _____ and generous a person is? Can we (87) _____ greater
generosity to the better off in society? And are people stingier the less (88) _____ they are? Research by
psychologists in the UK and the US has revealed that, on the contrary, when it comes to charity and (89)
_____, it seems that poverty brings out the (90) _____ in people. They found that although the wealthiest
gave more in absolute terms, they gave less as a proportion of their income. While the poorest appear to give
over three per cent of their monthly income to good causes, the richest are giving less than two per cent. But
the (91) _____ classes aren’t only more (92) _____, they also
seem to be less thoughtful and kind. An experiment to find out which cars were most likely to stop for a
pedestrian at a zebra crossing revealed that the grander and more expensive the car, the less (93) _____ the
driver was to stop. Does this mean that the more privileged you are, the more (94) _____ you feel, in this
case to get there more quickly without having to stop for others? But it isn’t all bad news for the well-to-do
when it comes to generosity. There are many great (95) _____ who are prepared to give away their fortunes
to the more vulnerable in society, and it has been found that the rich are more likely to do voluntary work
than the poor.
86. A prosperous B vulnerable C affluent D empathetic
Empathetic: showing an ability to understand and share the feelings of another
87 A attach B bring about C attribute D credit
Attribute sth to sth: góp phần vào
88 A well-heeled B well-kept C opulent D shady
well-heeled = rich
89 A affluence B miserliness C compassion D want
compassion: a strong feeling of sympathy for people or animals who are suffering and a desire to help them
90 A best B worst C most D least
Bring out the best in" nghĩa là khiến ai đó thể hiện điểm nổi bật nhất hoặc tốt nhất của một người nào đó.
91 A wanting B moneyed C thrifty D cautious
moneyed: rich and therefore powerful
92 A thick-skinned B impassive C impartial D tight-fisted
tight-fisted: not willing to spend or give much money
93 A likely B often C possible D expected
likely : such as well might happen or be true; probable
94 A entitled B essential C indispensable D critical
Entitled: believing oneself to be inherently deserving of privileges or special treatment.
95 A misanthropes B sponsors C philanthropists D donors
philanthropist: a rich person who helps the poor and those in need, especially by giving money
misanthrope: a person who hates and avoids other people

Part 4.
1. diet 2. resemblance 3. into 4. dozen 5. who
6. less 7. conveniences 8. positives 9. to 10. worth

Part 5
Read the text below. For questions 1-10, choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) according to the text. Write your
answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (15 pts)
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. D 5. C
6. B 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. A
Decisions
In a theoretical model of decision making, a decision is defined as the process of selecting one option from
among a group of options for implementation. []4A. Decisions are formed by a decision maker, the one
who actually chooses the final option, in conjunction with a decision unit, all of those in the organization
around the decision maker who take part in the process. []4B. In this theoretical model, the members of the
decision unit react to an unidentified problem by studying the problem, determining the objectives of the
organization, formulating options, evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of each of the options, and
reaching a conclusion. []4C. Many different factors can have an effect on the decision, including the nature
of the problem itself, external forces exerting an influence on the organization, the internal dynamics of the
decision unit, and the personality of the decision maker. []4D
During recent years, decision making has been studied systematically by drawing from such diverse areas
of study as psychology, sociology, business, government, history, mathematics, and statistics. Analyses of
decisions often emphasize one of three principal conceptual perspectives (though often the approach that is
actually employed is somewhat eclectic).
In the oldest of the three approaches, decisions are made by a rational actor, who makes a particular
decision directly and purposefully in response to a specific threat from the external environment. It is
assumed that this rational actor has clear objectives in mind, develops numerous reasonable options,
considers the advantages and disadvantages of each option carefully, chooses the best option after careful
analysis, and then proceeds to implement it fully. A variation of the rational actor model is a decision maker
who is a satisfier, one who selects the first satisfactory option rather than continuing the decision-making
process until the optimal decision has been reached.
A second perspective places an emphasis on the impact of routines on decisions within organizations. It
demonstrates how organizational structures and routines such as standard operating procedures tend to limit
the decision-making process in a variety of ways, perhaps by restricting the information available to the
decision unit, by restricting the breadth of options among which the decision unit may choose, or by
inhibiting the ability of the organization to implement the decision quickly and effectively once it has been
taken. Pre-planned routines and standard operating procedures are essential to coordinate the efforts of large
numbers of people in massive organizations. However, these same routines and procedures can also have an
inhibiting effect on the ability of the organization to arrive at optimal decisions and implement them
efficiently. In this sort of decision-making process, organizations tend to take not the optimal decision but
the decision that best fits within the permitted operating parameters outlined by the organization.
A third conceptual perspective emphasizes the internal dynamics of the decision unit and the extent to
which decisions are based on political forces within the organization. This perspective demonstrates how
bargaining among individuals who have different interests and motives and varying levels of power in the
decision unit lead to eventual compromise that is not the preferred choice of any of the members of the
decision unit.
Each of these three perspectives on the decision-making process demonstrates a different point of view
on decision making, a different lens through which the decision-making process can be observed. It is safe to
say that decision making in most organizations shows marked influences from each perspective; i.e., an
organization strives to get as close as possible to the rational model in its decisions, yet the internal routines
and dynamics of the organization come into play in the decision.

1. It can be inferred from the information in paragraph 1 that the theoretical decision-making process
A. involves only the decision maker
B. requires the contemplation of numerous options.
C. is made without the decision unit
D. does not work in real situations
1. Có thể suy ra từ thông tin trong đoạn 1 rằng lý thuyết quá trình ra quyết định
A. chỉ liên quan đến người ra quyết định
B. đòi hỏi sự cân nhắc của nhiều lựa chọn.
C. được thực hiện mà không có đơn vị quyết định
D. không hoạt động trong các tình huống thực tế
Clue: In a theoretical model of decision making, a decision is defined as the process of selecting one option
from among a group of options for implementation.
Trong một mô hình lý thuyết về ra quyết định, một quyết định được định nghĩa là quá trình lựa chọn một
phương án trong số một nhóm các phương án để thực hiện.
2. The phrase in conjunction with in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by
A. along with B. tied to C. apart from D. connected to
In conjunction with (someone or something)" -> nghĩa là liên kết, cùng chung/chung với.=along with
3. All of the following are listed in paragraph 1 as having an effect on decisions EXCEPT
A. evaluation of the problem B. focus on objectives
C. generation of options D. open-ended discussions
3. Tất cả những điều sau đây được liệt kê trong đoạn 1 là có ảnh hưởng đến các quyết định NGOẠI TRỪ
A. đánh giá vấn đề B. tập trung vào các mục tiêu
C. tạo ra các lựa chọn D. thảo luận kết thúc mở
Clue: In this theoretical model, the members of the decision unit react to an unidentified problem by
studying the problem, determining the objectives of the organization, formulating options, evaluating the
strengths and weaknesses of each of the options, and reaching a conclusion
rong mô hình lý thuyết này, các thành viên của đơn vị quyết định phản ứng với một vấn đề chưa được xác
định bằng cách nghiên cứu vấn đề, xác định mục tiêu của tổ chức, xây dựng các phương án, đánh giá điểm
mạnh và điểm yếu của mỗi phương án và đi đến kết luận.
4. Look at the four squares [] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage
Additionally, when a decision must be made in a crisis situation, both stress and the speed at which events
are progressing can have an effect, often a negative one, on the decision process.
5. The word eclectic in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
A. bizarre B. personal C. mixed D. organized
Eclectic=mixed
6. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that a rational actor would be least likely to
A. deal with a specific threat B. work in a random fashion
C. ponder various options D. consider disadvantages of options
6. Có thể suy ra từ đoạn 3 rằng một diễn viên lý trí sẽ ít có khả năng
A. đối phó với một mối đe dọa cụ thể B. hoạt động một cách ngẫu nhiên
C. suy ngẫm về các phương án khác nhau D. cân nhắc nhược điểm của các phương án
Clue: It is assumed that this rational actor has clear objectives in mind, develops numerous reasonable
options, considers the advantages and disadvantages of each option carefully, chooses the best option after
careful analysis, and then proceeds to implement it fully.
7. The word it in paragraph 3 refers to
A. each option B. the best option C. careful analysis D. variation
8. Why does the author mention a satisfier, one who selects the first satisfactory option rather than
continuing the decision-making process until the optimal decision has been reached in paragraph 3?
A. A satisfier shows contrasting behavior to a rational actor.
B. A satisfier exhibits more common behavior than a rational actor.
C. A satisfier is the predecessor of a rational actor.
D. A satisfier shares some characteristics with a rational actor.
8. Tại sao tác giả lại đề cập đến một người thỏa mãn, một người chọn phương án thỏa mãn đầu tiên thay vì
tiếp tục quá trình ra quyết định cho đến khi đạt được quyết định tối ưu trong đoạn 3?
A. Người thỏa mãn thể hiện hành vi tương phản với một diễn viên lý trí
B. Một người thỏa mãn thể hiện hành vi phổ biến hơn một tác nhân duy lý.
C. Vật thỏa mãn là tiền thân của tác nhân duy lý.
D. Một vật thỏa mãn chia sẻ một số đặc điểm với một tác nhân duy lý.
Clue: A variation of the rational actor model is a decision maker who is a satisfier, one who selects the first
satisfactory option rather than continuing the decision-making process until the optimal decision has been
reached.
Một biến thể của mô hình diễn viên lý trí là người ra quyết định là người thỏa mãn, người chọn phương án
thỏa mãn đầu tiên thay vì tiếp tục quá trình ra quyết định cho đến khi đạt được quyết định tối ưu.
9. According to paragraph 5, what is the end result of political bargaining within an organization?
A. No decision is ever reached.
B. Differing interests and motives are changed.
C. No one is completely satisfied with the final outcome.
D. The members of the decision unit leave the unit.
9. Theo đoạn 5, kết quả cuối cùng của thương lượng chính trị trong một tổ chức là gì?
A. Không có quyết định nào được đưa ra.
B. Sở thích khác nhau và động cơ bị thay đổi.
C. Không ai hoàn toàn hài lòng với kết quả cuối cùng.
D. Các thành viên trong đơn vị quyết định ra khỏi đơn vị.
Clue: This perspective demonstrates how bargaining among individuals who have different interests and
motives and varying levels of power in the decision unit lead to eventual compromise that is not the
preferred choice of any of the members of the decision unit.
Quan điểm này cho thấy cách thương lượng giữa các cá nhân có lợi ích và động cơ khác nhau và mức độ
quyền lực khác nhau trong đơn vị quyết định dẫn đến thỏa hiệp cuối cùng không phải là lựa chọn ưu tiên của
bất kỳ thành viên nào trong đơn vị quyết định.
10. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in
paragraph 4? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Set routines within organizations tend to constrain decisions.
B. The restriction of information limits the number of options in a decision.
C. Organizations need to set up strict procedures to maximize the effectiveness of decisions.
D. Procedures are needed to ensure that decisions are implemented quickly and effectively.
10. Câu nào dưới đây thể hiện thông tin cần thiết trong câu gạch chân ở đoạn 4? Lựa chọn không chính xác
làm thay đổi ý nghĩa theo những cách quan trọng hoặc bỏ qua thông tin cần thiết.
A. Đặt ra các thói quen trong tổ chức có xu hướng hạn chế các quyết định.
B. Việc hạn chế thông tin làm hạn chế số lượng lựa chọn trong một quyết định.
C. Tổ chức cần thiết lập các thủ tục chặt chẽ để tối đa hóa hiệu quả của các quyết định.
D. Cần có các thủ tục để đảm bảo rằng các quyết định được thực hiện một cách nhanh chóng và hiệu quả.
Clue: A second perspective places an emphasis on the impact of routines on decisions within organizations.
It demonstrates how organizational structures and routines such as standard operating procedures tend to
limit the decision-making process in a variety of ways, perhaps by restricting the information available to the
decision unit, by restricting the breadth of options among which the decision unit may choose, or by
inhibiting the ability of the organization to implement the decision quickly and effectively once it has been
taken
Quan điểm thứ hai nhấn mạnh vào tác động của các thói quen đối với các quyết định trong tổ chức. Nó thể
hiện cách cơ cấu tổ chức và các thói quen như các thủ tục hoạt động tiêu chuẩn có xu hướng hạn chế quá
trình ra quyết định theo nhiều cách khác nhau, có thể bằng cách hạn chế thông tin có sẵn cho đơn vị quyết
định, bằng cách hạn chế phạm vi lựa chọn mà đơn vị quyết định có thể lựa chọn. , hoặc bằng cách ức chế
khả năng của tổ chức để thực hiện quyết định một cách nhanh chóng và hiệu quả sau khi nó đã được thực
hiện.

Part 6. Read the passage and do questions from 1-10 (15 pts)
1. vii 2. iii 3. iv 4. xi 5. ii
6. metabolism 7. less 8. genetic 9. consume 10. behaviour

TACKLING OBESITY IN THE WESTERN WORLD

A. Obesity is a huge problem in many Western countries and one which now attracts considerable
medical interest as researchers take up the challenge to find a cure for the common condition of being
seriously overweight. However, rather than take responsibility for their weight, obese people have often
sought solace in the excuse that they have a slow metabolism, a genetic hiccup which sentences more than
half the Australian population (63% of men and 47% of women) to a life of battling with their weight. The
argument goes like this: it doesn’t matter how little they eat, they gain weight because their bodies break
down food and turn it into energy more slowly than those with a so-called normal metabolic rate.
B. vi. Expert explains energy requirements of obese people
“This is nonsense,” says Dr Susan Jebb from the Dunn Nutrition Unit at Cambridge in England. Despite the
persistence of this metabolism myth, science has known for several years that the exact opposite is in fact
true. Fat people have faster metabolisms than thin people. “What is very clear,” says Dr Jebb, “ is that
overweight people actually burn off more energy. They have more cells, bigger hearts, bigger lungs and they
all need more energy just to keep going.” Người béo chuyển hóa nhanh hơn người gầy. Tiến sĩ Jebb nói:
“Điều rất rõ ràng là những người thừa cân thực sự đốt cháy nhiều năng lượng hơn. Chúng có nhiều tế bào
hơn, trái tim lớn hơn, phổi lớn hơn và chúng đều cần nhiều năng lượng hơn chỉ để tiếp tục hoạt động ”.
=> Chuyên gia giải thích nhu cầu năng lượng của người béo phì
C. iii. Proof of the truth
It took only one night, spent in a sealed room at the Dunn Unit to disabuse one of their patients of the beliefs
of a lifetime: her metabolism was fast, not slow. By sealing the room and measuring the exact amount of
oxygen she used, researchers were able to show her that her metabolism was not the culprit. Bằng cách niêm
phong căn phòng và đo lượng oxy chính xác mà cô ấy sử dụng, các nhà nghiên cứu đã có thể cho cô ấy thấy
rằng quá trình trao đổi chất của cô ấy không phải là thủ phạm
It wasn’t the answer they expected and probably not the one she wanted but she took the news
philosophically.
=> Bằng chứng của sự thật
D. iv. New perspective on the horizon
Although the metabolism myth has been completely disproved, science has far from discounted our genes as
responsible for making us whatever weight we are, fat or thin. One of the world’s leading obesity
researchers, geneticist Professor Stephen O’Rahilly, goes so far as to say we are on the threshold of a
complete change in the way we view not ony morbid obesity, but aslo everyday overweight . khi nói rằng
chúng ta đang ở ngưỡng của một sự thay đổi hoàn toàn trong cách chúng ta nhìn nhận không phải bệnh béo
phì nặng, mà là tình trạng thừa cân hàng ngày.
Prof.O’Rahilly’s groundbreaking work in Cambridge has proven that obesity can be caused by our genes.
“These people are not weak-will, slothful or lazy,” says Pro.O’Rahilly, “They have a medical condition due
to genetic defect and that causes them to be obese.”
Eix. Lifestyle change required despite new findings
 In Australia, the University of Sydney’s Professor Ian Caterson says while major genetic defects may
be rare, many people probably have minor genetic variations that combine to dictate weight and are
responsible for things such as how much we eat, the amount of exercise we do and the amount of energy we
need. When you add up all these little variations, the result is that some people are genetically predisposed
to putting on weight. He says while the fast/slow metabolism debate may have been settled, that doesn’t
mean some other subtle changes in the metabolism gene won’t be found in overweight people. He is
confident that science will, eventually, be able to “cure” some forms of obesity but the only effective way
for the vast majority of overweight and obese people to lose weight is a change of diet and an increase in
exercise. Ông tin tưởng rằng cuối cùng khoa học sẽ có thể “chữa khỏi” một số dạng béo phì nhưng cách hiệu
quả duy nhất để đại đa số người thừa cân và béo phì giảm cân là thay đổi chế độ ăn và tăng cường vận động.
=> Cần thay đổi lối sống bất chấp những phát hiện mới
F. ii. Hidden dangers
Despite the $500 million a year Australians spend trying to lose weight and the $830 million it costs
the community in health care, obesity is at epidemic proportions here, as it is in all Western nations. Until
recently, research and treatment for obesity had concentrated on behaviour modification, drugs to decrease
appetite and surgery. How the drugs worked was often not understood and many caused severe side effects
and even death in some patients. Surgery for obesity has also claimed many lives.
Cách thức hoạt động của thuốc thường không được hiểu rõ và nhiều loại thuốc gây ra tác dụng phụ nghiêm
trọng và thậm chí tử vong ở một số bệnh nhân. Phẫu thuật chữa bệnh béo phì cũng đã cướp đi sinh mạng của
nhiều người.
 Nguy hiểm tiềm tàng
Part 7
47. C HRJ is the first company to use the type of material branded’ecological’ (Middle of the paragraph).

48. B Last sentence about husband calling her a shopper (or the one who buys) rather than a seller.

49. A Middle of the paragraph: “All her pieces are made …”

50. B The O symbol is the main idea of the collection.

51. D Last sentence, about the jewellery pieces being a classic “in their own right”.

52. C Beginning of the paragraph: “The ethos behind Geo …”.

53. D Middle of the paragraph: “Keivom draws her influences from a peripatetic childhood …”.

54. A Third sentence: “Everyone has a relationship with an animal in my collection.”

55. B She designed a font for the Alphabet project. (Middle of the paragraph)

56. A Beginning of the text “My friend’s grandmother had an amazing stag brooch …”. This impression
moved her to start

Part 8
1,A new house is out of question – we can not afford it.
out of the question: không thể

2,the fact that the judge had been involved in some illegal activities did not come to the light until several
years after his death.
come to the light;đưa ra ánh sáng,sáng tỏ vấn đề

3,Spare a/ some thought for those who are at work on this lovely, sunny day!
Spare a/ some thought for: suy nghĩ về cái gì
4,The punishment was out of (all) proportion to the crime.
out of (all) proportion: không tương xứng

5,He comes over as (being) an honest person.

Come over : seem to be a particular type of person
6,The manager told his staff that there was room for (some) improvement
room for (some) improvement: a possibility or hope that someone or something will improve
7,They will put the cat among the pigeons.
put the cat among the pigeons: làm vấn đề trở nên rắc rối hơn

8,Some people say that there’s a thin line between love and hate.

Thin line: ranh giới mơ hồ

9,She can buy anything she wants – she is rolling in money.

rolling in money: rất giàu ,có nhiều tiền

10,There is a (reasonable) chance that there will be a rise in temperature in the next century.
You must resgin yourself to the fact that she has left you
resgin yourself to the fact that: chấp nhận,cam chịu thực tế rằng

Test 16
Phần 1:
Part 1. Complete the form below using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each
answer. Write your answers in the space provided. (10pt)
PET PROTECT UK
PET DETAILS
Type of pet: dog
Pet’s name: (1) …………………
Pet’s D.O.B: May 19, 2013
For Dogs Only:
Is the dog a guide dog? ……..No…….
Has the dog been neutered? (2) ……………..
Your answers:
1. 2. Type of dog:3. (3) ………………. 4. 5.
Part 2.You will hear three people discussing a film they have just seen at the cinema (Wendy, Mrs. Turner
CUSTOMER
and Adrian). Listen carefully and chooseDETAILS
the best answer A, B or C for each question. Write your answers
in the corresponding numbered
Name:boxes
Peterprovided. (10 points)
(4) …………….
1. What did Wendy’s mum think of the film?
Address:
A. It was not her favourite (5) ………………………, NW8 3HD
film.
B. She loved the film.
C. She absolutely hated it.
2. Adrian mentions doing a course in order to show that ________.
A. he wants to change the subject
B. Mrs. Turner is wrong about the dinosaurs
C. he knows what he is talking about
3. Adrian feels that watching a film at home ______.
A. is always better than going to the cinema
B. is not something he wants to do again
 C. has advantages and disadvantages
4. When Adrian suggests that Wendy was frightened, she _______.
A. admits that she felt scared
B. denies that she felt scared
C. complains about the length of the film
5. What do Wendy and her mum disagree about?
A. whether or not the film was frightening
B. whether or not Wendy covered her eyes
C. whether or not the film is P.G. rated
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Part 3. You will hear an interview with a woman called Jane talking about her exciting story of survival
at sea, against all the odds, and decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F). Write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (10 points)
1. Jane was sailing from Panama and had completed about a thousand miles.
2. Jane's boat hit a surface obstruction.
3. Jane could have used the GPS to call for help.
4. Jane wasn't concerned about her food rations.
5. Jane didn't panic because she didn't consider herself in danger.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Part 4. You will hear an interview with a woman called Sophie Doyle, who organizes adventure holidays
in Australia for teenagers. Listen carefully and complete the following sentences with NO MORE THAN
TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes
provided. (20 points)
AUSTRALIAN ADVENTURE HOLIDAYS
The Australian Adventure Holiday is usually in the month of (1) ………………………….
In each group, there are (2) ……………………… teenagers plus four leaders.
The price covers everything except (3) ………………………….
When they visit the islands, they will sleep in a (4) ……………………
They will first meet the other young people at the (5) ……………………..
They will visit the largest (6) ……………………. island in the world.
They will sleep next to a (7) ………………….. when they are in the outback.
At the Great Barrier Reef, (8) …………………….. will be available for those who need them.
From the boat on the river, you will see (9) …………………. on the banks.
Teenagers normally stay in touch with people at home by (10) ……………………
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Phần 2
Part 1:A. PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS (5PTS)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
21. He’s a tough politician – he knows how to ______ the storm.
A. ride out B. run down C. keep up D. push back
22. I was __________ by the beautiful music.
A. carried up B. carried out C. carried away D. carried on
23. That sneaky real estate agent cons me ______ selling her my house for a lot less than it was worth.
A. out B. on C. at D. into
24. The ringleader was extremely lucky to get ____________ a suspended sentence.
A. off with B. away C. throught to D. through
25. I got impatient waiting for my turn to _________.
A. go out B. set out C. come out D. work out
26. Over the centuries the feet of many visistors have ________ the steps to the castle.
A. worn out B. worn down C. worn through D. worn in
27. We’re going to ________ Mark since he moved into a new house.
A. call on B. call at C. call into D. call for
28. Fireworks __________ the attraction of the festival night.
A. appeared to B. increased to C. added up to D. added to
29. Susan’s face ________ when she heard the good news.
A. lit up B. lightened up C. is bright D. brightened
30. Your plan doesn’t allow ________changes in the weather .
A. with B. on C. for D. into
B. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS (5PTS)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
31. If she gets a ________ of anger, don’t panic, that’s her uasual self.
A. fit B. breath C. period D. look
32. Scientists think that resource shortages will cause an escalation of conflicts during this century,and will
widen the ___________ between the rich and the poor.
A. blank B. gulf C. difference D. hole
33. The government should take measures to prevent nuclear waste from being _______ at sea.
A. dropped B. discharged C. dumped D. disposed
34. The actor was so nervous that he could only remember small ________ of dialogue.
A. shreds B. pieces C. patches D. snatches
35. I was kept awake for most of the night by the ________ of a mosquito in my ear.
A. whine B. moan C. groan D. screech
36. They are a real ________ organisation; they are only interested in making a profit.
A. devil-may-care B. fly-by-night C. open-handed D. down-to-earth
fly-by-night: a person or business that is dishonest and only interested in making money quickly
37. I’am afraid you’ve caught me on the _____. I wasn’t expecting you until this afternoon.
A. stove B. Grapevine C. spot D. hop
38. Every delicacy Miss Cook produces is done __________.
A. to a turn B. at will C. there and then D. sooner or later
39. Richard started the race well but ran out of __________ in the later stages.
A. power B. force C. effort D. steam
40. He might look kind and sympathetic, but deep down he’s as hard as ____
A. nails B. a mountain C. a gangster D. an iceberg

Part 2:
Identify and correct 10 erros in the passage. Write your answer in the numbered boxes
(10 points)
Line

1.
2.
3. Gambling was legalised in Nevada in 1931 to increase venue for the state. Today
4. the casinos are very all-important for the financial growth of Las Vegas. Bugsy
5. Siegel, the gangster and casino owner, is the developer we remember most. A Capone
6. syndicate boss, Siegel came to Las Vegas in the late 1930s and saw a potential gold
7. mine in the book operations that casinos used to get bets on horse races in Florida,
8. New York, and California, Offering his syndicate’s race-reporting Continental Wire
9. Service to the bookbinders at a lower price than any of the existing services, Siegel
10. cornered the market. Then, in 1942, the competition was eliminated, Siegel abruptly
11. raised the prices and demanded a profit share from each book. Without another souce
12. for race results, and frightened by Siegel’s connections to Capone, in which the
13.
14.
 15.
16.
17. casinos capitulated.
18.

With the profits, Siegel started his own casino. The ambitious Flamigo Hotel was
finished in 1946. Situated on a strip of land along the Los Angeles Highway and
designed to be an elegant resort rather than a faux Western gambling hall, the
Flamingo forever moved the concentration of Las Vegas away from downtown. This
helped the town assure of the succes of gambling as its major industry. Freeing from
the confinement of their Western heritage, European-style casinos and resorts
flourished in the years after 1946. Siegel was shot in a gangland execution in 1947,
but his legacy lives on in the gaudy formalism of casinos like Ceasar’s Palace and
The Sands.

Your answers

Line Mistake Correction Line Mistake Correction

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.

Part 3: Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. (10 pts)
Is Prince William an embryonic bard? A research team in Germany claim they have found evedence that he
is descended from Shakespeare and may thus have inherited literary genius.
Frustrated by a lack of first-hand evidence, researchers trying to (1)___________ together details of the
Bard’s life have long turned to his sonests as the only words of his that might be autobiographical. For
centuries, academics have been trying to solve the (2)_________ riddle of the “Dark Lady”, the mystery
person to whom Shakepeare addressed his sonnets. Those involved in the most recent detective
(3)__________ have come up with some evidence that the Bard’s bloodline is linked to the youngest
generation of the royal family.
This bold claim is (4)_______ by clues hidden in paintings of the previously unidentified noblewoman, to be
named by a German academic team as Shakespeare’s dark-haired lover. They were assisted by forensic
experts from the German police.
But who was the Dark Lady? So many (5)________________ theories have been advanced that some
scholars have abandoned the search. In fact, the answer may be (6)________ us in the face. According to
one emenent academic, a portrait of the mysterywoman is on show in Hampton Court Palace in London,
(7)______________ it is known as The Persian Lady . She argues that the pregnant woman depicted there is
Elizabeth Vernon, a lady-in-waiting to Queen Elizabeth, who, after an illicit affair with Shakepeare, went on
to marry his patron. (8)____________ this woman, Elizabeth, third countess of Southamton, bore
Shakespeare a daughter, Penelope, who grew up to tie the (9)_______ with William, second Baron Spencer,
and their descendant was the father of Diana, Princess of Wales and grandfather of Prince William.
So far, Prince William’s talents have shown themselves in the sport field. But, who knows? His uncle, Earl
Spencer, did after all receive world-wide acclaim for his (10) at the funeral of his sister.
1. A. part B. mold C. piece D. weld
2. A. enticing B. appalling C. tantalizing D. petrifying
3. A. series B. hunt C. wave D. thread
 4. A. held up B. rallied round C. backed up D. stuck up for
5. A. rival B. no-nonsense C. holistic D. orthodox
6. A. staring B. looking C.glaring D. ogling
7. A. lest B. where C. for D. while
8. A. Supposedly B. Strangely C. KnowinglyD. Seemingly
9. A. loop B. bond C. hitch D. knot
10. A. monologueB. elocution C. oratory D. address
Your answers:

Part 4. Read the text below and think of one word which best fits each space. Use only ONE WORD
for each space. Write your answer in the space provided.(10 pts)
From Royalist to Republican
Erskine Childers was not what you would call your (1) _______ Irish freedom fighter, A Briton by birth, and
a proud (2) _______ at that – for most of the early years of his life, Childers was a decorated soldier of the
British Admiralty (3) _______ had demonstrated unwavering commitment and loyalty to both king and
country. And yet, somewhere along the way, disillusionment (4) _______ in.
While it is difficult to pinpoint the precise moment when doubt started to creep into Childers' mind (5)
_______ to whether his loyalty was misguided, what was essentially a complete philosophy shift - a total
realignment of ideals - did occur. Childers went from (6) _______ a royalist to a staunch nationalist,
obsessed with the cause of Irish freedom.
He befriended the (7) _______ of Eamon DeVelera and Michael Collins, key figures in the Irish Republican
camp, and even went so far as to ship illegal armaments to the leaders of the ill-fated Easter Rising of 1916,
which was easily put (8) _______ by the British army.
Later, he would fight on the side of the Irish rebels in the War of Independence, (9) _______ an uneasy truce
was agreed between Britain and Ireland. Eventually, a treaty was signed partitioning the country. For
Childers, by now totally devoted to the cause of Irish freedom and the notion of a united Ireland, partition
was (10) _______ bitter a pill to swallow.
Your answers:
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.

Part 5Read the passage and choose the best answer.

It stands to reason that galaxies, large star systems that contain millions or even billions of stars, should
collide with one another fairly often, given that the average separation between galaxies is only
approximately 20 times the diameter of the average galaxy. In contrast, stars almost never collide because
the average distance between stars is astronomical, perhaps 10,000,000 times their diameter.
Using a telescope, it is possible to find hundreds of galaxies that appear to be colliding. However, when
two galaxies appear to come into contact, there is in reality no direct contact between the stars of one galaxy
and the stars of the other. Instead, the two galaxies pass through each other, and the gravitational forces in
the two galaxies alter the shapes of the galaxies, often producing tails and bridges. One well-known pair of
colliding galaxies, for example, is called the Mice because each of the two interacting galaxies resembles a
mouse with a long tail, and the Whirlpool galaxy appears to be connected to a smaller galaxy by means of a
bridge extending from one of its long spirals. It is impossible for astronomers to monitor the changing
shapes of colliding galaxies because the interactions between galaxies last hundreds of millions of years, but
it is possible to study galaxies in various stages of collision and draw conclusions about what happens when
galaxies collide.
In certain situations, when two galaxies collide, they do not always pass through each other and emerge
as two separate galaxies. In one situation, if two galaxies are moving slowly enough, they may collide and
then may not have enough velocity to escape each other's gravitational pull after the collision. In this case,
the two galaxies will collide, and then move past each other, and then be pulled back to collide again, and
continue this way until they eventually merge into a single galaxy. In another situation, if a much larger
galaxy comes into contact with a smaller galaxy, the larger galaxy may absorb the smaller one in a process
called galactic cannibalism. In this process, a larger galaxy first pulls away the outer stars of the smaller
galaxy and then begins to pull at the denser core. While the process of galactic cannibalism is taking place
and the two galaxies are merging into one, the cores of both the larger galaxy and the smaller galaxy can be
clearly visible.
Some giant elliptical galaxies, with what appear to be multiple nuclei, have been found in the skies, and
astronomers once thought that these giant galaxies were giant galactic cannibals that had consumed many
smaller galaxies recently enough that the cores of the cannibalized galaxies were still intact. One such
galaxy, with what appeared to be eight separate nuclei, was found and was used to put forth the hypothesis
that galaxies could be voracious monsters capable of swallowing up uncountable other galaxies
simultaneously. However, further studies have shown that the numerous nuclei that seemed to be part of a
single large galaxy were in reality the nuclei of smaller galaxies that were in front of or behind the larger
galaxy. Thus, astronomers are now confident that galactic cannibalism exists among a limited number of
interacting galaxies; however, astronomers are not convinced of the existence of cannibalistic galactic
monsters that swallow up large numbers of smaller galaxies simultaneously.
Signs of galactic cannibalism exist even in our own galaxy, the Milky Way. Astronomers have found
younger stars south of the galaxy's disk, where only older stars should be found, suggesting that the younger
stars formed when our galaxy cannibalized a smaller galaxy. Furthermore, it can be clearly seen now that
our galaxy is beginning to digest the Magellanic Clouds, which are small irregular galaxies that are
companions to the Milky Way and are visible in the southern skies over Earth.
1. Which of the following is NOT true according to paragraph 1?
A. Galaxies may contain billions of stars.
B. On the average, the distance between galaxies is around 20 times the diameter of a galaxy.
C. It is unusual for stars to collide.
D. The average distance between stars is 70 times their diameter
2. The author mentions tails and bridges in paragraph 2 in order to
A. provide a visual image of the parts of galaxies that have been affected by gravitational forces
B. provide examples of the types of galaxies that tend to collide
C. describe the recognizable characteristics of the colliding galaxies called the Mice
D. create a visual roadmap of the routes that galaxies take through the skies
3. The word last in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by
A. end in B. endure for C. finish with D. lose out to
4. The word merge in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
A. divide B. swallow C. join D. appear
5. What occurs during galactic cannibalism, according to paragraph 3?
A. A larger galaxy is absorbed by a smaller one.
B. The first step involves pulling at the core of the smaller galaxy.
C. The outer stars of the smaller galaxy are absorbed by its core.
D. The core of the smaller galaxy generally manages to remain visible
6. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph
4?
A. Astronomers have recently found some giant galaxies that have cannibalized a number of galaxies.
B. Astronomers used to think that certain giant galaxies that appeared to have a number of nuclei were
galactic cannibals
C. When astronomers find galaxies with multiple nuclei, they know that they have found galactic
cannibals.
D. Even though a galaxy has multiple nuclei, it is not certain whether or not the galaxy is a galactic
cannibal.
7. The phrase put forth in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
A. encounter B. understand C. deny D. promote
8. Why does the author mention voracious monsters in paragraph 4?
A. To emphasize how violently the galaxies strike each other
B. To emphasize how much energy the giant galaxies consume
C. To emphasize how many smaller galaxies the giant galaxies seem to consume
D. To emphasize how really big the giant galaxies are
9. It is stated in paragraph 4 that scientists today are quite certain that
 A. galactic cannibalism does not really exist
B. there is a limited amount of galactic cannibalism
C. galactic cannibalism is commonplace
D. galactic cannibals are capable of taking over numerous small galaxies at the same time
10. Based on the information in paragraph 5, what will be most likely to happen to the Magellanic Clouds in
the distant future?
A. They will become galactic cannibals.
B. They will develop separate nuclei.
C. They will become regular galaxies.
D. They will become part of the Milky Way

Part 6: Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow.
A. The space around us affects us profoundly – emotionally, behaviorally, cognitively. In Britain, that space
is changing at a pace not seen for a generation. Surely psychology has something to say about all this
change. But is anyone listening? “There is a huge amount of psychology research that is relevant but at
the moment we are talking to ourselves” says Chris Spencer, professor of environmental psychology at
the University of Sheffield. Spencer recalls a recent talk he gave in which he called on fellow
researchers to make greater effort to communicate their findings to architects and planners. “I was
amazed at the response of many of the senior researchers who would say: I’m doing my research for
pure science. The industry can take it or leave it”. But there are models on how to apply environmental
psychology to real problems if you know where to look. Professor Frances Kuo is an example.
B. Kuo’s website provides pictures and plain English summaries of research conducted by her Human
Environment Research Laboratory. Among these is a study using police records that found inner-city
Chicago apartment buildings surrounded by more vegetation suffered 52 percent fewer crimes than
apartment blocks with little or no greenery. Frances and her co-researcher William Sullivan believe that
greenery reduces crimes so long as visibility is preserved because it reduces aggression, bring local
residents together outdoors and the conspicuous presence of people deters criminals.
C. “Environmental psychologists are increasingly in demand” says David Uzzel, professor of environmental
psychology. “We are asked to contribute to the planning, design, and management of many different
environments ranging from neighborhoods, offices, schools, health, transport, traffic and leisure
environments for the purpose of improving quality of life and creating better people-environment fit”.
Uzzel points to the rebuilding of one south London school as a striking example of how building design
can affect human behavior positively. Before its redesign, it was ranked as the worst school in the area –
now it is recognized as one of the country‘s twenty most improved schools.
D. Uzzell has been involved in a pioneering project between MSc students in England and Scotland.
Architecture students in Scotland acted as designers while environmental psychology students in
England acted as consultants, as together they worked on a community project in a run-down area of
Glasgow. “The psychology students encouraged the architecture students to think about who their client
group was to consider issues crowding and social cohesion and they introduced them to psychological
methodologies, for example observation and interviewing residents about their needs”. The
collaborative project currently stands as a one-off experiment. “Hopefully, these trainee architects will
now go away with some understanding of the psychological issues involved in design and will take into
account people’s needs” says Uzzel.
E. Hilary Barker, a recent graduate in psychology, now works for a design consultancy. She is part of a
four-person research team that contributes to the overall work of the company in helping clients use
their office space more productively. Her team all has backgrounds in psychology or social science but
the rest of the firm consists mainly of architects and interior designers. “What I do is pretty rare to be
honest,” Barker says “I feel very privileged to be able to use my degree in such a way.” Barker explains
that the team carries out observational studies on behalf of companies to identify exactly how occupants
are using their building. The companies are often surprised by the findings, for example that staff use
meeting room for quiet, individual work.
F. One area where the findings from environment-behavior research have certainly influenced building is in
hospital design. “The government has a checklist of criteria that must be met in the design of new
hospital and these are derived largely from the work of behavioral scientist Professor Roger Ulrich”
Chris Spencer says. Ulrich’s work has shown, for example, how a view from patient’s window can
affect their recovery. Even a hospital’s layout can impact on people’s health according to Dr John
 Zeisel. “If people get lost in hospitals, they get stressed, which lowers their immune system and means
their medication works less well. You might think that way-finding round the hospital is the
responsibility of the person who puts all the signs up but the truth is that the basic layout of s building is
what helps people find their way around,” he says.
G. Zeisel also points to the need for a better balance between private and shared rooms in hospitals. “Falls
are reduced and fewer medication errors occur in private rooms,” he says. There is also research
showing how important it is that patients have access to the outdoors and that gardens in hospitals are a
major contributor to well-being. However, more generally, Zeisel shares Chris Spencer’s concerns that
the lessons from environmental research are not getting through. “There is certainly a gap between what
we in social science know and the world of designers and architects,” says Zeisel. He believes that most
industries, from sports to film making, have now recognized the importance of an evidence-base
approach and that the building trade needs to formulate itself more in that vein and to recognize that
there is relevant research out there. “It would be outrageous, silly to go ahead with huge building
projects without learning the lessons from the new town established between 30 and 40 years ago,” he
warns.
Choose one correct heading for each paragraph
I. A comparison between similar buildings
II. The negative reaction of local residents
III. An unusual job for a psychologist
IV. A type of building benefiting from prescribed
guidelines
V. The need for government action
VI. A failure to use available information in practical ways
VII. Academics with an unhelpful attitude
VIII. A refusal by architects to accept criticism
IX. A unique co-operative scheme
X. The expanding scope of environmental psychology

0. Paragraph A: _VII__
1. Paragraph B: ______
2. Paragraph C: ______
3. Paragraph D: ______
4. Paragraph E: ______
5. Paragraph F: ______
6. Paragraph G: ______

Which TWO of the following benefits are said to arise from the use of environmental psychology when
planning buildings?
A. better relationships between staff
B. improved educational performance
C. reduction of environmental pollution
D. fewer mistakes made by medical staff
E. easier detection of crime

Which TWO of the following research methods are mentioned in the passage?
A. the use of existing data relating to a geographical area
B. measuring the space given to a variety of activities
C. watching what people do in different parts of a building
D. analyzing decisions made during a planning of a building
E. observing patients’ reactions to each other

Part 7
You are going to read about a certain genre of movies. For questions 47-56, choose from the sections of the
article (A-D). The sections may be chosen more than once.

In which section does the writer…

47 praise the quality of some more serious films?

48 point out the value of feel-good films in difficult economic times?

49 mention a film character who learns from his experiences?

50 explain how a director uses a film as a vehicle for his own opinion?

51 comment on the artistic merit of the cinema?

52 talk about the importance of escapism in films?

53 mention a special technique used to create a feel good reaction?

54 insist that lighter films can also be clever?

55 talk about films that make us reflect on life?

56 refer to films where ordinary people triumph over authority?

Films that make you feel good

A
Feel-good films stretch back right into the early days of cinema. The Brits were pioneers of the form.
Producer Cecil Hepworth’s Rescued By Rover (1905), a winsome yarn about a dog retrieving a kidnapped
baby, was an early example of feel-good film-making. What distinguished it was the tempo. The film-
makers used cross-cutting to crank up the tension, which is only finally released when the baby is found.
The film “marks a key stage in the medium’s development from an amusing novelty to the ‘seventh art,’
able to hold its own alongside literature, theatre, painting, music and other more traditional forms,” claims
the British Film Institute’s Screen online website. Film historians today continue to study Hepworth’s
storytelling abilities but that wasn’t what interested the 1905 audiences who flocked to see it. They went
because it was a feel-good film.

В
There has long been a tendency to sneer at feel-good films. Serious, self-conscious auteurs are often too
busy trying to express their innermost feelings about art and politics to worry about keeping audiences
happy. However, as Preston Sturges famously showed in his comedy Sullivan’s Travels(1941), if you’re
stuck on a prison chain gang, you don’t necessarily want to watch Battleship Potemkin. Sullivan’s Travels is
about John L Sullivan, a glib and successful young Hollywood director of comedies, who yearns to be taken
seriously. Sullivan dresses up as a hobo and sets off across America to learn more about the plight of the
common man. He ends up sentenced to six years in prison. One of the prisoners’ few escapes from drudgery
is watching cartoons. As he sits among his fellow cons and sees their faces convulsed with laughter at a
piece of what he regards as throwaway Disney animation, he rapidly revises his own priorities. “After I saw
a couple of pictures put out by my fellow comedy directors, which seemed to have abandoned the fun in
favour of the message, I wrote Sullivan’s Travels to satisfy an urge to tell them to leave the preaching to the
preachers,” Sturges recalled.

C
A few years ago there were a lot of ‘deep-dish’ movies. We had films about guilt, (Atonement) about the all-
American dream coming apart at the seams (Revolutionary Road) and even a very long account of a very
long life backwards(the deeply morbid The Curious Case Of Benjamin Button). Deep-dish, feel-bad films
have plenty to recommend them. If you’re not teenager and you don’t just want to see the next summer tent-
pole blockbuster, you’ll welcome movies that pay attention to characterisation and dialogue and don’t just
rely on CGI or the posturing of comic book heroes. However, as film-makers from Preston Sturges to Danny
Boyle have discovered, there is no reason that a feel-good movie needs to be dumb. You can touch on social
deprivation and political injustice: the trick is to do so lithely and, if possible, with a little leavening humour.

D
Historically, the best feel-good movies have often been made at the darkest times. The war years and their
immediate aftermath saw the British turning out some invigorating, entertaining fare alongside all the
propaganda. The Age of Austerity was also the age of the classic Ealing comedies, perfect examples of feel--
good film-making. In the best of these films like Passport To Pimlico or Whisky Galore, a community of
eccentric and mildly anarchic characters would invariably come together to thwart the big, bad, interfering
bureaucrats. Stories about hiding away a hoard of whisky or setting up a nation state in central London were
lapped up by the audiences. To really work, feel-good movies must have energy and spontaneity – a reckless
quality that no amount of script tinkering from studio development executives can guarantee. The best take
you by surprise. What makes the perfect feel-good movie? That remains as hard to quantify as ever – you
only know one when you see one

Part 8
1.Al Pacino gave the best performance of all as the bride’s father.
-Al Pacino stole ……………………………………………..
2.When it comes to money, I saw what he was really like.COLORS
He showed ………………………………………..
3.Could you explain everything about the job to the new secretary tomorrow? rope
Do you ………………………………………
4.I don’t wish to appear more important than you, but I have this to say.UPSTAGE
-I don’t ………………………………………………………………….
5.The shops are near our house. STONE
The shops ………………………………………………………….
6,Experience has taught me not to trust people too much.
I have learned ……………………………………
7,You won’t tell anyone about it, will you? HAT
You will ……………………………………
8,Dad got really angry when I told him about the fight.end
Dad ……………………………………
9,He was shabbily dressed and a little drunk as well.Heel
Not only ……………………………………
10,Whatever you do, don’t annoy the boss when we ask for a rise.
Under no circumstances should you get ……………………………………

KEY:
Phần 1:
Part 1. Complete the form below using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each
answer. Write your answers in the space provided. (10pt)

1. Fenton 2.Yes 3.Mixed breed 4.Pischinger 5.27 Cherry Drive

Part 2.You will hear three people discussing a film they have just seen at the cinema (Wendy, Mrs. Turner
and Adrian). Listen carefully and choose the best answer A, B or C for each question. Write your answers in
the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (10 points)
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. A

Part 3. You will hear an interview with a woman called Jane talking about her exciting story of survival
at sea, against all the odds, and decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F). Write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (10 points)
1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F
Part 4. You will hear an interview with a woman called Sophie Doyle, who organizes adventure holidays
in Australia for teenagers. Listen carefully and complete the following sentences with NO MORE THAN
TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes
provided. (20 points)
1. August 2. 18 3. (the) air fares/ 4. boat 5. beach
airfares
6. sand 7. campfire/ 8. diving lessons 9. (huge) 10. email(s)/ e-
(camp) fire crocodiles mail(s)
TRANSCRIPT
PART 1:
EMPLOYEE: Pet Protect UK, how can I help?
CUSTOMER: Oh, hello, there. I'm calling to inquire about your pet insurance plans.
EMPLOYEE: Of course, just give me a second, please.
CUSTOMER: Sure.
EMPLOYEE: So, have you checked our website already to see the options we offer?
CUSTOMER: I've had a quick glance, and I think I'm interested in the Basic Plan.
EMPLOYEE: Great. I just need to ask a few questions first, then. Is your pet a dog, a cat or a rabbit?
CUSTOMER: It's a dog.
EMPLOYEE: And is it a puppy, or. .. ?
CUSTOMER: No, he's three years old.
EMPLOYEE: Right. May I ask, has your dog been insured before?
CUSTOMER: I just adopted him from the rescue centre last week and I think he'd been there a while, so I
doubt it.
EMPLOYEE: OK. So you've had him for a week, then.
CUSTOMER: That's correct.
EMPLOYEE: Great. I apologise for asking this, but your dog ... What's his name, by the way?
CUSTOMER: Fenton.
EMPLOYEE: Fenton. Is that spelled with an F?
CUSTOMER: Yeah, F-E-N-T-O-N.
EMPLOYEE: Great, thank you for that. So, according to the rescue centre, has Fenton ever attacked, bitten
or been aggressive towards a person or another animal?
CUSTOMER: No, not at all.
EMPLOYEE: Excellent. And is he a guide dog, or ... ?
CUSTOMER: No, just a house pet.
EMPLOYEE: Great. And you said he's three years old. Do you know the exact date of birth?
CUSTOMER: Oh, yes, it's on the adoption certificate. Just give me a sec. Um, it's May 19th, 2013.
EMPLOYEE: And do you know, has Fenton been neutered?
CUSTOMER: Yes, he's been castrated.
EMPLOYEE: Excellent. And final question, what type of dog is Fenton? Is he a pedigree, a crossbreed or a
mixed breed?
CUSTOMER: A crossbreed, I think.
EMPLOYEE: Right. Cross ... breed ...
CUSTOMER: Wait, sorry. What's the difference between the three?
EMPLOYEE: A pedigree is a dog whose parents are of the same breed. A crossbreed is from two different
breeds, while a mixed breed is three or more.
CUSTOMER: Then he's a mixed breed. Sorry about that.
EMPLOYEE: Right, no worries. So, could I take your full name, please?
CUSTOMER: My name is Peter Pischinger. That's P-I-S-C-H-I-N-G-E-R.
EMPLOYEE: Right, thank you for that. And your address?
CUSTOMER: That's 27 Cherry Drive, NW8 3HD.
EMPLOYEE: 3 ... H ... D ... And finally a telephone number, please?
CUSTOMER: 020 3634 7957.
….
(Source: IELTS PREMIER with 8 practice tests – Third edition)
PART 2:
W = Wendy M = Mrs. Turner A = Adrian
W: What a load of old rubbish. You hated it too, didn't you, Mum?
M: Well, I have seen better films. I mean it wasn't as good as 'Aliens' or that 'Werewolf' film, you know the
one.
A: Oh, come on, some bits were brilliant. What about the scene where the accountant is ...
W: Well, you always like these mindless special-effects movies; I mean, where was the acting?
M: The dinosaurs were good. The last film I saw with dinosaurs - you could see they were made of rubber
but these ones looked real. It's amazing.
A: It's all done with computer graphics. I will say they looked much better on the big screen than they did on
my mate's pirate video - but at least I could smoke at my mate's house.
W: Well, if everyone was smoking in the cinema you wouldn't be able to see the picture, would you?
Anyway, that's one movie I won't be bothering to take out on video.
A: You just didn't like it because you were frightened.
W: No, I wasn't! What are you talking about?
A: I saw you covering your eyes!
W: I wasn't covering my eyes, I was laughing.
M: Well, I couldn't look sometimes. I mean, it was only a P.G. film but some of the scenes were ... well ...
pretty ...
W: You mean hilarious. Well, at least it wasn't too long. Look, it's only quarter past ten.
M: Ooh, yes. Ten minutes till last orders. Why don't we go for a quick one at the King's Head?
W: Adrian can't. Don't you remember? He's driving.
M: Don't worry. I'll have a fruit juice and I can drive us home.
A: That's very kind of you, Mrs. Turner, but I'm afraid you're not insured to drive my car and if the police
stopped us we'd both be in trouble.
(Source: Successful FCE 10 practice test – 2015)
PART 3:
Edward: Have you ever been out on a boat in the middle of a calm lake? Felt the soft breeze in your hair
and felt it gently rock your boat. It's difficult to think of anything more relaxing, isn't it? But for my guest
tonight on Special People, Jane Walters, being becalmed on any stretch of water in a boat would bring
rushing back memories of a terrifying experience she encountered last year in the Pacific Ocean. Jane, am I
right in thinking my lake image did not comfort you at all?
Jane: Hi, Edward. No, it pains me still to think of myself out on the water in any type of situation similar to
that which you described.
Edward: Could you tell our listeners what happened to you?
Jane: Well, basically, I had crossed the Pacific, west to east and was bound for Panama. A thousand miles
west of Panama, my yacht "The Belle Trieste", hit what I can only assume was either a whale or a log
floating in the water. It was four o'clock in the morning and I couldn't see a thing.
Edward: So the yacht was holed?
Jane: Oh yes, I started taking on water immediately. You just can't believe the utter panic that grips you in a
situation like that. I realized I had about two to three minutes to get off the boat, onto my life raft with as
much useful equipment as I could possibly manage. But I made a big mistake.
Edward: Oh?
Jane: I threw into the lifeboat a few extra supplies on top of what was always stored there. You know, the
lifeboat is there already stocked up...as a timesaver. I threw in a few extra things but I forgot the most
important thing which was my G.P.S. device.
Edward: Now, could you explain what G.P.S. is for our listeners, Jane?
Jane: Yeah, sure...now G.P.S. stands for global positioning system. It uses a network of satellites in orbit
around the Earth to pinpoint the exact position of everybody who has a G.P.S. set. Down to a couple of
meters, it can know where you are. So it's obviously a really useful tool for people such as sailors, trekkers
and the like. If you have it with you!
Edward: I would have thought there would have been a device with G.P.S. in the life raft.
Jane: Ah, yes there was! But I had taken it out two days previously to check something and I had really
stupidly forgotten to put it back. It was negligence of the highest order and it almost cost me my life. "The
Belle Trieste" sank and took two fully operational G.P.S. devices with her to the bottom of the ocean. And I
was left with an 8ft life raft and enough supplies for about a week...which I thought would suffice.
Edward: I can't imagine how terrifying an experience it would be out there, you know, in the middle of
nowhere on a small boat. Didn't you feel absolutely powerless, Jane?
Jane: Err, not so much actually. Us sailors are well used to the rigors of being in the middle of nowhere as
you put it. I was certainly concerned about the G.P.S. device...I thought things were going to be a lot trickier
without that, but I can't say I lost my cool, lost control of the situation. I was pretty calm considering the
great danger that I had just been thrust into.
(SOURCE: http://www.esl-lounge.com/student/listening/4L4-survival-transcript.php)
PART 4:
Interviewer: I; Sophie: S
I: Today I have with me in the studio Sophie Doyle from the travel organization Adventure Holidays
International, and she’ going to be telling us about some exciting ideas for teenagers for the summer. Sophie,
what kind of holidays do you organize?
S: They’re three-week trips to a variety of destinations in the country chosen, normally from late June to
mid-July in the USA and the first three weeks of August in the case of Australia. Trips in New Zealand are
available from early September, when the weather is a little warmer, bearing in mind that our summer is
their winter. The Australian holidays are currently the most popular though, probably because they’re
mainly in the north of the country where it never gets cold.
I: And who goes on the Australian ones? Who looks after the people on them?
S: There are always four experienced leaders with every group, which consists of 18 young people aged 15
or 16 at the time of the trip. This means there’s one leader for every 4 or 5 teenagers, all of whom are close
to each other in age.
I: Is it very expensive? What’s included in the price?
S: For next year, it’ll be 4,990 euro. For that you get accommodation, three meals a day, all transport apart
from air fares, entry fees and any equipment needed for activities.
I: And what kind of accommodation is there? Tents?
S: No, it’s not like a summer camp. In fact, there’s a whole range of places, from huts in the rainforests to
motels on the desert roads, boats when we’re visiting tropical islands and comfortable apartments in surfing
resorts.
I: So where do you actually go?
S: Well, for the teen it all begins when we meet you at Brisbane Airport Arrivals. We take you to a hostel on
the coast and help you settle in. After a good night’s sleep, which you’ll probably need after all that
travelling, we’ll introduce you to your travelling companions, and what better place to do that could there be
than the beach? You’ll spend all day there, swimming and surfing if you like. Then, in the morning, it’s off
to Fraser Island, on the Pacific Coast of Queensland.
I: What are the attractions there?
S: Well, it has the most wonderful beaches, including one that’s 75 miles – 120 kilometers long. It seems to
go on forever. In fact, the island as a whole is in the record books as the biggest one on Earth made entirely
of sand. It’s a long way from being a desert island, though. It has beautiful lakes, huge forests and some
fascinating wildlife.
I: And where do you go next?
S: Inland. The next stop is in the outback; it really is a huge area where almost nobody lives. There you have
the chance to see remarkable animals including kangaroos of course, swim in a lake and then spend the night
Australian-style; by the campfire in a sleeping bag. After several days in the outback, it’s back to the coast,
but further north, and out to the islands of the Great Barrier Reef, for over a week.
I: That sounds wonderful, but you don’t need to be an experienced diver?
S: No, because we’ll arrange diving lessons if you don’t already have a certificate. That’s all included. As
are wetsuits and other diving equipment for everyone, of course.
I: And after that?
S: It’s north again, towards the north-eastern trip Australia and into the tropical rainforest. You start with a
cruise along the fast-moving river there, which cuts right through the forest.
I: What do you usually see there?
S: Well, there are some very big fish in the water and colorful tropical birds in the trees, as well as some
huge crocodiles in the mud on either side. You might also have the odd giant butterfly fluttering around the
boat – there are some wonderful species unique to the area.
I: Do you spend quite some time in the rainforest?
S: Yes, most of the rest of the trip, in fact.
I: And in all these remote places, how do you stay in touch with your family and friends?
S: Well, you can bring your mobile phone but normally we ask people to keep them switched off. Otherwise,
there are constant incoming calls, which interrupt everything. But every few days we make sure we’re
somewhere you can email people. Of course, if there’s an emergency, we’ll arrange it so you can speak to
your family, but that rarely seems to happen.
I: That’s good to hear. Thank you, Sophie.
(Source: FCE Trainer)

Part 1: A.
KEY:
21. A 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. A 30. C
21. He’s a tough politician – he knows how to ______ the storm.
A. ride out B. run down C. keep up D. push back
ride (out) the storm=to manage not to be destroyed, harmed, or permanently affected by the difficult
situation you experience
22. I was __________ by the beautiful music.
A. carried up B. carried out C. carried away D. carried on
be/get carried away=to be so excited about something that you cannot control what you say or do:
23. That sneaky real estate agent cons me ______ selling her my house for a lot less than it was worth.
A. out B. on C. at D. into
con (someone) into (something)=To trick or deceive someone into doing something.
24. The ringleader was extremely lucky to get ____________ a suspended sentence.
A. off with B. away C. throught to D. through
get off with sb=to begin a sexual relationship with someone:
25. I got impatient waiting for my turn to _________.
A. go out B. set out C. come out D. work out
26. Over the centuries the feet of many visistors have ________ the steps to the castle.
A. worn out B. worn down C. worn through D. worn in
wear sb down=to make someone feel tired and less able to deal successfully with a situation
27. We’re going to ________ Mark since he moved into a new house.
A. call on B. call at C. call into D. call for
call on someone=to ask someone to do something:
28. Fireworks __________ the attraction of the festival night.
A. appeared to B. increased to C. added up to D. added to
add to something) to make something such as a feeling or a quality greater or more extreme
29. Susan’s face ________ when she heard the good news.
A. lit up B. lightened up C. is bright D. brightened
light (sth) up=If your face or eyes light up, or if a smile lights up your face, you suddenly look happy:
30. Your plan doesn’t allow ________changes in the weather .
A. with B. on C. for D. into
allow for sth=to consider something when you are planning something
B.

31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A 36. B 37. D 38. A 39. D 40. A
31. If she gets a ________ of anger, don’t panic, that’s her uasual self.
A. fit B. breath C. period D. look
A fit of anger = throw a tantrum= rất tức giận
32. Scientists think that resource shortages will cause an escalation of conflicts during this century,and will
widen the ___________ between the rich and the poor.
A. blank B. gulf C. difference D. hole
Widen the gulf = mở rộng khoảng cách giữa 2 điều gì ngyaf càng rộng
33. The government should take measures to prevent nuclear waste from being _______ at sea.
A. dropped B. discharged C. dumped D. disposed
dumped at sea = hoang mang,không biết gì cả
34. The actor was so nervous that he could only remember small ________ of dialogue.
A. shreds B. pieces C. patches D. snatches
Snatches of dialogue= 1 đoạn hội thoại
35. I was kept awake for most of the night by the ________ of a mosquito in my ear.
A. whine B. moan C. groan D. screech
By the whine of a mosquito= tiếng muỗi kêu
36. They are a real ________ organisation; they are only interested in making a profit.
A. devil-may-care B. fly-by-night C. open-handed D. down-to-earth
fly-by-night: a person or business that is dishonest and only interested in making money quickly
37. I’am afraid you’ve caught me on the _____. I wasn’t expecting you until this afternoon.
A. stove B. Grapevine C. spot D. hop
Catch sb on the hop= làm ai bất ngờ,choáng váng
38. Every delicacy Miss Cook produces is done __________.
A. to a turn B. at will C. there and then D. sooner or later
be done to a turn=To be done for exactly the right amount of time necessary or desired.
39. Richard started the race well but ran out of __________ in the later stages.
A. power B. force C. effort D. steam
run out of steam=to suddenly lose the energy or interest to continue doing what you are doing
40. He might look kind and sympathetic, but deep down he’s as hard as ____
A. nails B. a mountain C. a gangster D. an iceberg
as hard as nails= (of a person) very tough or callous
Part 2
Line Mistake Correction Line Mistake Correction
6. 1 venue Revenue 1. 10 in which to which

7. 2 very all- very 2. 14 Concentration focus

important important /
all-
important
8. 5 get make / place 3. 14 assure itself Assure
/ put / take
9. 6 bookbinders bookmakers 4. 15 Freeing Freed
/ bookies
10. 8 was eliminate 5. 15 confinement Confines
eliminated

Part 3: (10 pts) 1 pt/correct answer

1.C 2. C 3.D 4.C 5. A 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.D 10. D

Is Prince William an embryonic bard? A research team in Germany claim they have found evedence that he
is descended from Shakespeare and may thus have inherited literary genius.
Frustrated by a lack of first-hand evidence, researchers trying to (1)___________ together details of the
Bard’s life have long turned to his sonests as the only words of his that might be autobiographical. For
centuries, academics have been trying to solve the (2)_________ riddle of the “Dark Lady”, the mystery
person to whom Shakepeare addressed his sonnets. Those involved in the most recent detective
(3)__________ have come up with some evidence that the Bard’s bloodline is linked to the youngest
generation of the royal family.
This bold claim is (4)_______ by clues hidden in paintings of the previously unidentified noblewoman, to be
named by a German academic team as Shakespeare’s dark-haired lover. They were assisted by forensic
experts from the German police.
But who was the Dark Lady? So many (5)________________ theories have been advanced that some
scholars have abandoned the search. In fact, the answer may be (6)________ us in the face. According to
one emenent academic, a portrait of the mysterywoman is on show in Hampton Court Palace in London,
(7)______________ it is known as The Persian Lady . She argues that the pregnant woman depicted there is
Elizabeth Vernon, a lady-in-waiting to Queen Elizabeth, who, after an illicit affair with Shakepeare, went on
to marry his patron. (8)____________ this woman, Elizabeth, third countess of Southamton, bore
Shakespeare a daughter, Penelope, who grew up to tie the (9)_______ with William, second Baron Spencer,
and their descendant was the father of Diana, Princess of Wales and grandfather of Prince William.
So far, Prince William’s talents have shown themselves in the sport field. But, who knows? His uncle, Earl
Spencer, did after all receive world-wide acclaim for his (10) at the funeral of his sister.
1. A. part B. mold C. piece D. weld
Piece together = put the parts of something into place
2. A. enticing B. appalling C. tantalizing D. petrifying
Tantalizing: causing excitement, interest, and desire=> tantalizing riddle
3. A. series B. hunt C. wave D. thread
Thread: The thread of a book, discussion, speech, etc. is its story or the way that it develops, one part
connecting with another
4. A. held up B. rallied round C. backed up D. stuck up for
Back up=(someone or something that provides) support or help, or something that you have arranged in case
your main plans, equipment, etc. go wrong//a copy of information held on a computer that is stored
separately from the computer
5. A. rival B. no-nonsense C. holistic D. orthodox
Rival : competing with other people, companies, products, etc. for the same thing or in the same area
6. A. staring B. looking C.glaring D. ogling
star sb in the face=Nhìn thẳng/trực tiếp vào mặt ai mà không chớp mắt; đương đầu hoặc đối mặt với một vấn
đề một cách trực tiếp.
7. A. lest B. where C. for D. while
8. A. Supposedly B. Strangely C. KnowinglyD. Seemingly
Seemingly = appearing to be something, especially when this is not true//according to the facts that you
know
9. A. loop B. bond C. hitch D. knot
Tie the knot = get married
10. A. monologueB. elocution C. oratory D. address

Part 4: (10 pts) 1 pt/correct answer

1. average 2. one 3. who 4. set 5. as
6. being 7. likes 8. down 9. until 10. Too

Part 5
1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D
6. B 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. D
It stands to reason that galaxies, large star systems that contain millions or even billions of stars, should
collide with one another fairly often, given that the average separation between galaxies is only
approximately 20 times the diameter of the average galaxy. In contrast, stars almost never collide because
the average distance between stars is astronomical, perhaps 10,000,000 times their diameter.
Using a telescope, it is possible to find hundreds of galaxies that appear to be colliding. However, when
two galaxies appear to come into contact, there is in reality no direct contact between the stars of one galaxy
and the stars of the other. Instead, the two galaxies pass through each other, and the gravitational forces in
the two galaxies alter the shapes of the galaxies, often producing tails and bridges. One well-known pair of
colliding galaxies, for example, is called the Mice because each of the two interacting galaxies resembles a
mouse with a long tail, and the Whirlpool galaxy appears to be connected to a smaller galaxy by means of a
bridge extending from one of its long spirals. It is impossible for astronomers to monitor the changing
shapes of colliding galaxies because the interactions between galaxies last hundreds of millions of years, but
it is possible to study galaxies in various stages of collision and draw conclusions about what happens when
galaxies collide.
In certain situations, when two galaxies collide, they do not always pass through each other and emerge
as two separate galaxies. In one situation, if two galaxies are moving slowly enough, they may collide and
then may not have enough velocity to escape each other's gravitational pull after the collision. In this case,
the two galaxies will collide, and then move past each other, and then be pulled back to collide again, and
continue this way until they eventually merge into a single galaxy. In another situation, if a much larger
galaxy comes into contact with a smaller galaxy, the larger galaxy may absorb the smaller one in a process
called galactic cannibalism. In this process, a larger galaxy first pulls away the outer stars of the smaller
galaxy and then begins to pull at the denser core. While the process of galactic cannibalism is taking place
and the two galaxies are merging into one, the cores of both the larger galaxy and the smaller galaxy can be
clearly visible.
Some giant elliptical galaxies, with what appear to be multiple nuclei, have been found in the skies, and
astronomers once thought that these giant galaxies were giant galactic cannibals that had consumed many
smaller galaxies recently enough that the cores of the cannibalized galaxies were still intact. One such
galaxy, with what appeared to be eight separate nuclei, was found and was used to put forth the hypothesis
that galaxies could be voracious monsters capable of swallowing up uncountable other galaxies
simultaneously. However, further studies have shown that the numerous nuclei that seemed to be part of a
single large galaxy were in reality the nuclei of smaller galaxies that were in front of or behind the larger
galaxy. Thus, astronomers are now confident that galactic cannibalism exists among a limited number of
interacting galaxies; however, astronomers are not convinced of the existence of cannibalistic galactic
monsters that swallow up large numbers of smaller galaxies simultaneously.
Signs of galactic cannibalism exist even in our own galaxy, the Milky Way. Astronomers have found
younger stars south of the galaxy's disk, where only older stars should be found, suggesting that the younger
stars formed when our galaxy cannibalized a smaller galaxy. Furthermore, it can be clearly seen now that
our galaxy is beginning to digest the Magellanic Clouds, which are small irregular galaxies that are
companions to the Milky Way and are visible in the southern skies over Earth.
1. Which of the following is NOT true according to paragraph 1?
A. Galaxies may contain billions of stars.
B. On the average, the distance between galaxies is around 20 times the diameter of a galaxy.
C. It is unusual for stars to collide.
D. The average distance between stars is 70 times their diameter
1. Điều nào sau đây KHÔNG đúng theo đoạn 1?
A. Các thiên hà có thể chứa hàng tỷ ngôi sao.
B. Trung bình, khoảng cách giữa các thiên hà bằng khoảng 20 lần đường kính của một thiên hà.
C. Các ngôi sao va chạm vào nhau là điều bất thường.
D. Khoảng cách trung bình giữa các ngôi sao gấp 70 lần đường kính của chúng
Clue: given that the average separation between galaxies is only approximately 20 times the diameter of
the average galaxy
do sự khoảng cách trung bình giữa các thiên hà chỉ bằng khoảng 20 lần đường kính của thiên hà trung
bình
2. The author mentions tails and bridges in paragraph 2 in order to
A. provide a visual image of the parts of galaxies that have been affected by gravitational forces
B. provide examples of the types of galaxies that tend to collide
C. describe the recognizable characteristics of the colliding galaxies called the Mice
D. create a visual roadmap of the routes that galaxies take through the skies
2. Tác giả đề cập đến đuôi và cầu trong đoạn 2 nhằm mục đích
A. cung cấp hình ảnh trực quan về các phần của thiên hà đã chịu tác dụng của lực hấp dẫn
B. cung cấp ví dụ về các loại thiên hà có xu hướng va chạm
C. mô tả các đặc điểm dễ nhận biết của các thiên hà va chạm được gọi là the Mice
D. tạo ra một lộ trình trực quan về các tuyến đường mà các thiên hà đi qua bầu trời
Clue: Instead, the two galaxies pass through each other, and the gravitational forces in the two galaxies
alter the shapes of the galaxies, often producing tails and bridges.
3. The word last in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by
A. end in B. endure for C. finish with D. lose out to
Last= kéo dài,chịu đựng =endure for
4. The word merge in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
A. divide B. swallow C. join D. appear
Merge=join= hợp nhất,gộp lại
5. What occurs during galactic cannibalism, according to paragraph 3?
A. A larger galaxy is absorbed by a smaller one.
B. The first step involves pulling at the core of the smaller galaxy.
 C. The outer stars of the smaller galaxy are absorbed by its core.
D. The core of the smaller galaxy generally manages to remain visible
5. Điều gì xảy ra trong quá trình nuốt chửng của các thiên hà, theo đoạn 3?
A. Thiên hà lớn hơn bị hấp thụ bởi thiên hà nhỏ hơn.
B. Bước đầu tiên liên quan đến việc kéo lõi của thiên hà nhỏ hơn.
C. Các ngôi sao bên ngoài của thiên hà nhỏ hơn bị hấp thụ bởi lõi của nó.
D. Lõi của thiên hà nhỏ hơn nói chung vẫn có thể nhìn thấy được
Clue: While the process of galactic cannibalism is taking place and the two galaxies are merging into
one, the cores of both the larger galaxy and the smaller galaxy can be clearly visible.
Trong khi quá trình nuốt chửng/hút đồng loại của các thiên hà đang diễn ra và hai thiên hà đang hợp nhất
thành một, có thể nhìn thấy rõ lõi của cả thiên hà lớn hơn và thiên hà nhỏ hơn.
6. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph
4?
A. Astronomers have recently found some giant galaxies that have cannibalized a number of galaxies.
B. Astronomers used to think that certain giant galaxies that appeared to have a number of nuclei were
galactic cannibals
C. When astronomers find galaxies with multiple nuclei, they know that they have found galactic
cannibals.
D. Even though a galaxy has multiple nuclei, it is not certain whether or not the galaxy is a galactic
cannibal.
6. Câu nào dưới đây thể hiện thông tin cần thiết trong câu được đánh dấu ở đoạn 4?
A. Các nhà thiên văn gần đây đã tìm thấy một số thiên hà khổng lồ đã ăn thịt một số thiên hà.
B. Các nhà thiên văn từng nghĩ rằng một số thiên hà khổng lồ dường như có một số hạt nhân là thiên hà
hút các thiên hà khác
C. Khi các nhà thiên văn tìm thấy thiên hà có nhiều hạt nhân, họ biết rằng họ đã tìm thấy thiên hà ăn thịt
người.
D. Mặc dù một thiên hà có nhiều hạt nhân nhưng không thể chắc chắn thiên hà đó có phải là thiên hà ăn
thịt đồng loại hay không.
Clue: astronomers once thought that these giant galaxies were giant galactic cannibals that had consumed
many smaller galaxies recently enough that the cores of the cannibalized galaxies were still intact
và các nhà thiên văn từng nghĩ rằng những thiên hà khổng lồ này là những kẻ nuốt chửng khổng lồ đã
hút nhiều thiên hà nhỏ hơn gần đây đủ để lõi của các thiên hà ăn thịt người vẫn còn nguyên vẹn.
7. The phrase put forth in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
A. encounter B. understand C. deny D. promote
Put forth =promote= thúc đẩy
8. Why does the author mention voracious monsters in paragraph 4?
A. To emphasize how violently the galaxies strike each other
B. To emphasize how much energy the giant galaxies consume
C. To emphasize how many smaller galaxies the giant galaxies seem to consume
D. To emphasize how really big the giant galaxies are
8. Tại sao trong đoạn 4 tác giả lại nhắc đến những con quái vật phàm ăn?
A. Để nhấn mạnh mức độ dữ dội của các thiên hà tấn công nhau
B. Để nhấn mạnh mức năng lượng mà các thiên hà khổng lồ tiêu thụ
C. Để nhấn mạnh có bao nhiêu thiên hà nhỏ hơn mà các thiên hà khổng lồ dường như tiêu thụ
D. Để nhấn mạnh mức độ thực sự lớn của các thiên hà khổng lồ
Clue; One such galaxy, with what appeared to be eight separate nuclei, was found and was used to put
forth the hypothesis that galaxies could be voracious monsters capable of swallowing up uncountable other
galaxies simultaneously.
Một thiên hà như vậy, với những gì dường như là tám hạt nhân riêng biệt, đã được tìm thấy và được sử
dụng để đưa ra giả thuyết rằng các thiên hà có thể là những con quái vật phàm ăn có khả năng nuốt chửng
các thiên hà khác không đếm được đồng thời.
9. It is stated in paragraph 4 that scientists today are quite certain that
A. galactic cannibalism does not really exist
B. there is a limited amount of galactic cannibalism
C. galactic cannibalism is commonplace
D. galactic cannibals are capable of taking over numerous small galaxies at the same time
 9. Trong đoạn 4 có nêu rằng các nhà khoa học ngày nay khá chắc chắn rằng
A. thiên hà nuốt chửng đồng loại không thực sự tồn tại
B. số lượng thiên hà nuốt chửng/hút đồng loại có hạn
C. thiên hà nuốt chửng đồng loại là phổ biến
D. những nuốt chửng thiên hà khác có khả năng chiếm đoạt nhiều thiên hà nhỏ cùng một lúc
Clue: Thus, astronomers are now confident that galactic cannibalism exists among a limited number of
interacting galaxies
Do đó, các nhà thiên văn học hiện nay tin chắc rằng thiên hà nuốt chửng thiên hà khác tồn tại trong một
số lượng hạn chế các thiên hà tương tác;
10. Based on the information in paragraph 5, what will be most likely to happen to the Magellanic Clouds in
the distant future?
A. They will become galactic cannibals.
B. They will develop separate nuclei.
C. They will become regular galaxies.
D. They will become part of the Milky Way
10. Dựa vào thông tin ở đoạn 5, hãy cho biết điều gì có khả năng xảy ra với Đám mây Magellan trong tương
lai xa?
A. Chúng sẽ trở thành những kẻ ăn thịt thiên hà.
B. Chúng sẽ phát triển các hạt nhân riêng biệt.
C. Chúng sẽ trở thành những thiên hà thông thường.
D. Chúng sẽ trở thành một phần của Dải Ngân hà
Clue: Furthermore, it can be clearly seen now that our galaxy is beginning to digest the Magellanic Clouds,
which are small irregular galaxies that are companions to the Milky Way and are visible in the southern
skies over Earth.
Hơn nữa, có thể thấy rõ rằng hiện nay thiên hà của chúng ta đang bắt đầu tiêu hóa các Đám mây Magellan,
là những thiên hà nhỏ không đều, là bạn đồng hành của Dải Ngân hà và có thể nhìn thấy ở bầu trời phía nam
trên Trái đất.
Part 6:
1. I 2. X 3. IX 4. III 5. IV
6. VI 7. B/D 8. B/D 9. A/C 10. A/C
A. The space around us affects us profoundly – emotionally, behaviorally, cognitively. In Britain, that space
is changing at a pace not seen for a generation. Surely psychology has something to say about all this
change. But is anyone listening? “There is a huge amount of psychology research that is relevant but at
the moment we are talking to ourselves” says Chris Spencer, professor of environmental psychology at
the University of Sheffield. Spencer recalls a recent talk he gave in which he called on fellow
researchers to make greater effort to communicate their findings to architects and planners. “I was
amazed at the response of many of the senior researchers who would say: I’m doing my research for
pure science. The industry can take it or leave it”. But there are models on how to apply environmental
psychology to real problems if you know where to look. Professor Frances Kuo is an example.
B. I. A comparison between similar buildings
Kuo’s website provides pictures and plain English summaries of research conducted by her Human
Environment Research Laboratory. Among these is a study using police records that found inner-city
Chicago apartment buildings surrounded by more vegetation suffered 52 percent fewer crimes than
apartment blocks with little or no greenery. Trong số này, một nghiên cứu sử dụng hồ sơ của cảnh sát
cho thấy các tòa nhà chung cư nội thành Chicago được bao quanh bởi nhiều thảm thực vật hơn bị tội
phạm ít hơn 52% so với các khu chung cư có ít hoặc không có cây xanh. Frances và đồng nghiên cứu
của cô
Frances and her co-researcher William Sullivan believe that greenery reduces crimes so long as visibility
is preserved because it reduces aggression, bring local residents together outdoors and the conspicuous
presence of people deters criminals.
=> So sánh giữa các tòa nhà tương tự
C. X. The expanding scope of environmental psychology

“Environmental psychologists are increasingly in demand” says David Uzzel, professor of environmental
psychology. “We are asked to contribute to the planning, design, and management of many different
 environments ranging from neighborhoods, offices, schools, health, transport, traffic and leisure
environments for the purpose of improving quality of life and creating better people-environment fit
“Các nhà tâm lý học môi trường ngày càng có nhu cầu cao. “Chúng tôi được yêu cầu đóng góp vào việc lập
kế hoạch, thiết kế và quản lý nhiều môi trường khác nhau, từ các khu dân cư, văn phòng, trường học, y
tế, giao thông, giao thông và môi trường giải trí nhằm mục đích cải thiện chất lượng cuộc sống và tạo ra
môi trường phù hợp với con người hơn”
”. Uzzel points to the rebuilding of one south London school as a striking example of how building design
can affect human behavior positively. Before its redesign, it was ranked as the worst school in the area –
now it is recognized as one of the country‘s twenty most improved schools.
=> Phạm vi mở rộng của tâm lý học môi trường
D. IX. A unique co-operative scheme
Uzzell has been involved in a pioneering project between MSc students in England and Scotland.
Architecture students in Scotland acted as designers while environmental psychology students in
England acted as consultants, as together they worked on a community project in a run-down area of
Glasgow Uzzell đã tham gia vào một dự án tiên phong giữa các sinh viên MSc ở Anh và Scotland. Sinh
viên kiến trúc ở Scotland đóng vai trò là nhà thiết kế trong khi sinh viên tâm lý môi trường ở Anh đóng
vai trò là nhà tư vấn, khi họ cùng nhau thực hiện một dự án cộng đồng ở một khu vực hoang tàn của
Glasgow.
. “The psychology students encouraged the architecture students to think about who their client group was
to consider issues crowding and social cohesion and they introduced them to psychological
methodologies, for example observation and interviewing residents about their needs”. The
collaborative project currently stands as a one-off experiment. “Hopefully, these trainee architects will
now go away with some understanding of the psychological issues involved in design and will take into
account people’s needs” says Uzzel.
 Một chương trình hợp tác độc đáo
E III. An unusual job for a psychologist
Hilary Barker, a recent graduate in psychology, now works for a design consultancy. She is part of a four-
person research team that contributes to the overall work of the company in helping clients use their
office space more productively. Her team all has backgrounds in psychology or social science but the
rest of the firm consists mainly of architects and interior designers. “What I do is pretty rare to be
honest,” Barker says “I feel very privileged to be able to use my degree in such a way.” Barker explains
that the team carries out observational studies on behalf of companies to identify exactly how occupants
are using their building. The companies are often surprised by the findings, for example that staff use
meeting room for quiet, individual work.
Thành thật mà nói, những gì tôi làm là khá hiếm,” Barker nói “Tôi cảm thấy rất vinh dự khi có thể sử dụng
bằng cấp của mình theo cách như vậy.” Barker giải thích rằng nhóm thực hiện các nghiên cứu quan sát
thay mặt cho các công ty để xác định chính xác cách những người cư ngụ đang sử dụng tòa nhà của họ.
Các công ty thường ngạc nhiên trước những phát hiện này, chẳng hạn như việc nhân viên sử dụng phòng
họp để làm việc riêng, yên tĩnh.
 Một công việc bất thường cho một nhà tâm lý học
F IV. A type of building benefiting from prescribed guidelines
One area where the findings from environment-behavior research have certainly influenced building is in
hospital design. Một lĩnh vực mà những phát hiện từ nghiên cứu hành vi-môi trường chắc chắn đã ảnh
hưởng đến việc xây dựng là trong thiết kế bệnh viện. “The government has a checklist of criteria that
must be met in the design of new hospital and these are derived largely from the work of behavioral
scientist Professor Roger Ulrich” Chris Spencer says. Ulrich’s work has shown, for example, how a
view from patient’s window can affect their recovery. Even a hospital’s layout can impact on people’s
health according to Dr John Zeisel. “If people get lost in hospitals, they get stressed, which lowers their
immune system and means their medication works less well. You might think that way-finding round
the hospital is the responsibility of the person who puts all the signs up but the truth is that the basic
layout of s building is what helps people find their way around,” he says. Bạn có thể nghĩ rằng việc tìm
đường xung quanh bệnh viện là trách nhiệm của người đặt tất cả các biển báo nhưng sự thật là cách bố
trí cơ bản của tòa nhà mới là thứ giúp mọi người tìm đường, ”anh nói.
=> Một loại tòa nhà được hưởng lợi từ các hướng dẫn quy định
G. VI. A failure to use available information in practical ways
Zeisel also points to the need for a better balance between private and shared rooms in hospitals. “Falls are
reduced and fewer medication errors occur in private rooms,” he says. There is also research showing
how important it is that patients have access to the outdoors and that gardens in hospitals are a major
contributor to well-being. However, more generally, Zeisel shares Chris Spencer’s concerns that the
lessons from environmental research are not getting through. “There is certainly a gap between what we
in social science know and the world of designers and architects,” says Zeisel. He believes that most
industries, from sports to film making, have now recognized the importance of an evidence-base
approach and that the building trade needs to formulate itself more in that vein and to recognize that
there is relevant research out there. “It would be outrageous, silly to go ahead with huge building
projects without learning the lessons from the new town established between 30 and 40 years ago,” he
warns.
Ông tin rằng hầu hết các ngành công nghiệp, từ thể thao đến làm phim, hiện đã nhận ra tầm quan trọng
của phương pháp tiếp cận dựa trên bằng chứng và thương mại xây dựng cần phải hình thành nhiều hơn
theo hướng đó và nhận ra rằng đã có nghiên cứu phù hợp ở đó. Ông cảnh báo: “Sẽ là thái quá và ngớ
ngẩn nếu tiếp tục với những dự án xây dựng khổng lồ mà không học hỏi những bài học từ thị trấn mới
được thành lập từ 30 đến 40 năm trước.
 Thất bại trong việc sử dụng thông tin có sẵn theo những cách thực tế
Part 7
47 C. Middle of the paragraph: “… you’ll welcome movies that pay attention to characterisation and
dialogue…“.

48 D. Second sentence of Paragraph D goes on about the importance of a feel-good

movie during a less fortunate period of human history.

49 B. The movie’s character “revises his own priorities” after going through a difficult period of their life.

50 В. Last sentence of the paragraph explains what made author make the movie and what message he
decided to carry across — “leave preaching to the preachers”.

51 A. It is stated in the middle of the paragraph how cinema becomes a recognised form of art, just like
music, theatre, painting and the rest.

52 B. Escapism is desire to escape from harsh reality. Second part of the sentence mentions the importance
of it in the example with cartoons.

53 A. The technique of cross-cutting was used that made the narrative more dramatic and the culmination —
more satisfying.

54 C. Second part of the paragraph states that a feel-good movie doesn’t have to ‘be dumb’.

55 B. This is a tricky one — it is about the example with Battleship Potemkin. The author hints at the idea,
without saying it outright — when you are in a tough situation, you start worrying about the basics and not
something exquisite.

56 D. Middle of the paragraph mentions how a group of characters manages to win the struggle with ‘big,
bad, interfering bureaucrats‘.

Part 8:
1,-Al Pacino stole the show with his performance as the bride’s father.
Steal the show: if you say that someone steals the show, you mean that they get a lot of attention or praise
because they perform better than anyone else in a show or event.
2,He showed his true colors when it came to money.
Show one’s true colors: to show what one is really like : to reveal one's real nature or character
3,Do you mind showing the new secretary the ropes tomorrow?
Show someone the ropes: to explain or demonstrate to one how to do or perform a job, task, or activity.
4,She’d better see a doctor; she is black and blue after falling down the stairs.
Black and blue: with dark marks on your skin caused by being hit or having an accident
5,I’m in Uncle Edward’s black books at the moment.
6,Jun answers my questions not in a month of Sundays.
Not in a month of Sundays: never
7,Talking to her is like banging your head against a brick wall.
Bang one’s head against the wall: useless
8,the town hall has given the green light to the plans for the new sports center.
9,- You’d better get your skates on if you want to be on time for the performance.
Get one’s skates on: be hurry
10,My boss hauled me over the coals for not keeping my deadlines.
Haul someone over the coals: to scold, reprimand, or reprove someone

Test 17
Phần 1:
Part 1: You will hear a television news report about stress. For questions 6-105, decide whether the
following statements are true (T) or false (F). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes
provided (1.0pt)
6. Canadians have less stress than Americans.
7. The most common sources of stress are jobs and money.
8. Only the richest members of society experience stress.
9. Mexico had the lowest rate of stress in the survey.
10. France is a stress-free country to live in.
Your answers:
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 2. You will hear an interview with a sports writer about football referees. Listen carefully and
choose the correct answer A, B or C for each question. Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered boxes. (1.0 pt)
11. Martin says that referees become concerned if
A. they are no longer chosen for important matches.
B. they cease to cause strong reactions.
C. they feel that other referees do not regard them highly.
D. they attract a lot of attention from strangers.
12. Martin says that referees think they gain the respect of players by
A. resorting to strict disciplines when it is necessary.
B. adopting different approaches with different players.
C. showing that they do not care what players think of them.
D. treating players with a certain amount of tolerance.
13. According to Martin, it would be wrong to believe that referees
A. are not passionately interested in football.
B. do not feel that they are performing a duty.
C. are largely motivated by their own vanity.
D. are poorly paid for their efforts.
14. What does Martin say about the system for assessing referees?
A. It causes some referees to be indecisive.
B. It requires referees not to be sensitive people.
C. It enables poor referees to be identified quickly.
D. It leads to inconsistencies in referees’ decisions.
15. Martin says that a referee should deal with the bad behavior of players by
A. informing them that they cannot influencehis decisions.
B. admitting to them when they has made a mistake underpressure.
C. deciding rapidly what a player’s real intention was.
D. treating the worst offences with the greatest severity.
Your answers:
 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Part 3: You will hear a man called Neil Brown giving a talk about cycling. Complete the sentences
by writing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Write your
answers in the space provided. (2.0pts)
The Cycle Campaign Network promotes cycling as a (16) ______________________, a sport, and a
means of transport.
Cycling helps reduce pollution caused by (17) ______________________ from cars and also traffic
noise.
Local authorities are starting to emphasize (18) ______________________ by developing special
cycle routes.
Cycling is now being taught at a number of (19) ______________________.
However, if the project is to develop, (20) ______________________ will be needed.
A regimen of regular cycling can prevent (21) ______________________ disease and strokes.
It also makes your body better able to recover from (22) ______________________.
Neil suggests that an individual’s (23) ______________________ may be enhanced by cycling to
work.
The majority of organized cycling events are (24) ______________________ to anone wishing to
take part.
Some organizations participate in Bike Week to promote cycling and (25)
______________________ for charity.
Phần 2
Part 1:A.PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (10 pts)
Choose the best option.
21. It’s like banging your head ………………… a brick wall.
A. into B. against C. onto D. up
22. We lay in the sun until our bodies felt saturated…………………..the heat.
A. up B. with C. upon D. within
23. Some very important issues was taking…………………..all his attention.
A. up B. on C. out D. within
24. He……………………….by pointing out the dangers involved in rock climbing.
A. started on B. started off C. started up D. started out
25. She……………….till the early hours listening to pop music.
A. help me up B. caught me up C. kept me up D. took me up
26. Old Mr Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will………………………..
A. pull through B. pull up C. pull back D. pull out
27. I do wish you wouldn’t……………Charles. I’m trying to talk to your father.
A. put off B. call up C. butt in D. tell off
28. After the accident at the nuclear power station, the authorities tried to ………….. the danger to the
public from radioactive waste.
A. calm down B. get through C. get over D. play down
29. The witness’s evidence………….what Peter had said.
A. bore out B. gave off C. told off D. wiped out
30. When David started speaking everyone fell …….laughing.
A. up B. at C. in D. about

B COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS (10 pts)

Choose the best option.
31. Thanks for listening to me complain about my boss. I just needed to__________
A. cry my heart out B. get this off my chest
C. face the music D. stick my neck out
32. The news of his death was like a bolt _____
A. from the red B. from the blue C. from the black D. from the white
33. This is an exciting book which ____________ new ground in the educational research
A. breaks B. reaches C. scratches D. turns
34. Were you on the __________ when you said you had resigned from work?
 A. wagon B. flat C. level D. town
35. This painting stands a good _____ of winning the prize.
A. possibility B. chance C. opportunity D. certainty
36. The optician says you have to wear glasses, like it or ___________ it.
A. jump B. loathe C. dislike D. lump
37. When her daughter didn't come home on the last bus, Mrs. Lee was at _____.
A. a loss B. death’s door
C. her wits' end D. the crack of dawn
38. Her health has improved in _____.
A. leaps and bounds B. odds and ends
C. sick and tired D. trial and error
39. We've lost everything. Still, there's no point in complaining. We’ll just have to try and make _____.
A. the best of a bad job B. no bones about it
C. a splash D. a clean sweep
40. He made a number of _____ remarks about my cooking, which upset us.
A. slashing B. stabbing C. chopping D. cutting
Part 2:
The passage below contains 10 mistakes. Identify the errors and write the corrections. (10 points)
Line
1 Human and primates, the family of apes, gorillas, and chimpanzees,
2 among others, divide many common traits. While primates are deemed the
3 most intelligent of animals, most researchers believed they lack the capacity
4 to produce language. However, a research project in the 1970s at University
5 of Georgia showed promise that chimpanzees have the abilit to learn a
6 certain language, just as human children do. The project used several
7 chimpanzees as test subjects in which Lana , a female chimp was the study
8 focus .Though the primates lack the vocal construct ions to make human
9 speech patterns, the researchers created a language called Yerkish, using
10 lexigram made up of symbols that represent sounds and words. 125 symbols
11 were placed on a keyboard, which Lana was taught how to use the board to
12 communicate with the researchers. She successfully expressed her thoughts
13 by pressing different keys in succession. In some cases, she used up to seven
14 at times.
15
16

Key
Line Mistake Correction Line Mistake Correction
2 divide share 9 study focus study’s focus
4 believed have believed 9 though since
5 University the University 11 up of of
7 just as just like 12 which and
8 in which among which 16 at times times

Part 3: . For questions 1-10, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each
space. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided (10pts).
Oxford is a city with such a mind-blowing reputation that many who come here find themselves
intimidated by the place and can't wait to leave, while others, taking to it like a (1.)_________ to water, find
themselves returning again and again. The college lawns provide a gorgeous backdrop to serious study, and
in the right light, on a sunny winter's morning say, one feels as if one is ( 2.)_________ on air, such is the
sense of unreality. Oxford may like to pretend that it is at the intellectual (3.)_________ of things, but in
many ways it is no more than a sleepy backwater where, to mix metaphors, transitory students, the
(4.)_________ of their generation, wait in the wings, allowing their talents to (5.)_________ before moving
off into the industrial or political fast-lane. Much of this is a myth, of course. Hardship and hard work are
very much part and (6.)_________ of student life. The (7.)_________ get through the three years' hard
(8.)_________ by simply putting their shoulders to the (9.)_________ before going on to fairly average
jobs. Only for the tiny minority is Oxford the first (10.)_________ on the ladder to fame and fortune.
1. A. fish B. duck C. boat D. swimmer
2. A. flying B. gliding C. floating D. swimming
3. A. wheel B. engine C. spoke D. hub
7. A. froth B. cream C. fat D. caviar
5. A. flourish B. open C. spread D. float
6. A. package B. section C. province D. parcel
7. A. level-headed B. hot-headed C. hot-blooded D. kind-hearted
8. A. push B. pul1 C. grind D. roughage
9. A. cart B. wheel C. engine D. boat
10. A. step B. position C. elevation D. ascent
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

2. For questions 1-10, fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word and write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (10pts)
THE HAPPINESS APP
Until recenly, if psychologists wanted to know in (1) ____________________ way an experience or
activity affected us, they had to put their trust (2) ____________________ our ability to remember. With the
advent of smartphone apps, that has changed. Researchers at Havard University have persuaded thousands
of people to take (3) ____________________ in studies in which an app downloaded to their phones
periodically asks (4)____________________ they happen to be in their city or town, what they’re doing,
what they’re thinking and how happy they feel. I’m one of (5) ____________________.
It’s been an irritating but enlightening experience. More often (6) ____________________ not, I’ve
found myself muttering “Leave me alone!” when my phone beeped at some inopportune moment but it’s
also made me aware of how frequently I’m distracted and how, when distracted, I feel a lot (7)
____________________ contented than I want to be. It seems I’m not the (8) ____________________ one.
The researchers have found that whatever we’re doing, if we’re thinking about something (9)
____________________, we just don’t feel as happy as we might. So focus! It will (10)
__________________ you good.

Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 5
Read the passage and choose the right answer for each question. (10 points)
READING WATS
In many developed countries literacy skirts are under siege. This is true even in societies where access to
primary education is universal and governments invest heavily in education. New Zealand, for example, was
leading the world in literacy rates in 1970, but tumbled to thirteenth place in 2001 and then again to twenty-
fourth just a few years later. Test scores in the USA also stumped ten percent during the 1990s despite the
country riding an economic boom for much of the decade. In some cases these statistics reverse trends that
were in motion for over a century and a haft. The steady, graduate expansion of literacy across social groups
and classes was one of the greatest successes of the period of industrialization that began in the mid-1850s.
This reversal of fortunes has lead to widespread contention over the pedagogy of teaching Literacy. What
was once a dry and technical affair—the esoteric business of linguists and policy analysts—rapidity
escalated into a series of skirmishes that were prayed out in high-visibility forums: Newspapers ran special
features, columns and letters-to-the-editor on the literacy crisis; politicians successfully ran their national
campaigns on improving reading test scores; and parents had their say by joining Parent Teacher
Associations (PTAs) and obi groups.
The arguments around reading pouted into two different classroom methodologies: constructivism and
behaviorism. The constructivist methodology grew from a holistic conception of knowledge creation that
understood reading and writing to be innate, humanistic and interpretative practices that suffered when they
were spliced and formalized within rigid doctrines, strict ruts and universal skill-sets. Constructivists
associate words with meanings; each word might be thought of as a Chinese ideogram. Students are
encouraged to learn individual words and skip over and guess words they do not understand, or learn to
interpret those words by situating them within the lexical infrastructure of the sentence and the story's wider
narrative. These practices materialize as learning processes centered on guided group reading and
independent reading of high-quantity, culturally diverse literature or textual composition that emphasizes
pup[is conveying their own thoughts and feelings for rear purposes such as letters to pen pats or journal
entries.
Behaviorism sees the pedagogy cat process in a tests dialectical fashion—words are initially taught not
toxically, as vehicles to convey meaning, but rather sub-rexicatty, as a combination of features that can be
separated and learn in a schematic process. The behaviorist approach does not focus on words at all in the
early stages of learning. Rather, it is centered on a universally applicable method of teaching students to
isolate graphemes and phonemes with the intention that students will eventually learn to synthesize these
individual parts and make sense of spoken words textually. In this way, individual components are not
equated with the strokes of a brush on a Chinese ideogram, but rather as the focal pieces of interpretation—
as in, for example, learning to read musical notations or Morse code. Because of its emphasis on universal
rules, behaviorism is much more conducive to format examination and the consolidation of results across
regions and countries. The ability to master language is considered to rest in the acquisition of a set of skills
that exist independently of individuals. Classroom learning is therefore based upon the transmission of
knowledge from tutor to student, rather than seen as an internalized process that erupts within the students
themselves.
So who comes out on top? It is not easy to say. Champions of behaviorism have claimed victory because
constructivist learning took over in the late 1980s, just before test scores on literacy began sinking across the
West. Constructivists, however, can make the valid claim that the behaviorist approach has a heavy
methodological bias towards testing and examination, and that test results do not represent the ability of
individuals to use and interpret language freely and creatively. Furthermore, different socio-economic
groups respond in different ways to each method. Those from wealthier families tend to do well regardless
of the method, but thrive on the constructivist approach imp emended in the 1990s. Children from poorer
families, however, are better served by behaviorism. These outcomes have ramped up levels of socio-
economic based educational disparities in educational systems that have pushed the constructivist method.
It is unlikely that either constructivism or behaviorism will be permanently sidelined from curricula in the
near future. Most teachers find it easier to incorporate aspects of each approach. Constructivism may
ultimately hold the trump card because of its proven success with pupils who come from families where
they are introduced to reading and writing in various forms from a young age—this process of 'living and
(earning' and immersing oneself in language is a sound principle. In a world rife with social inequities,
households with illiterate parents and a scarcity of funding for education, however, the behaviorist approach
may have the upper hand in teaching children to access the basic skills of literacy quickly and efficiently,
even if some linguistic creativity is crushed in the process.
1. Which of the following topics is the passage primarily concerned with?
A. The rise and fall of literacy in countries around the world
B. Reasons why language teaching has been on firm ground
C. Main features of two languages teaching approaches
D. Best classroom methodologies in literacy approaches
2. Which describes one attitude towards a teaching method mentioned in the text?
A. Too many rules and regulations can hinder natural knowledge mastery
B. Dependence on learning assistants is no longer praiseworthy now
C. Understanding deserves much more emphasis that putting knowledge to use
D. Universal rules must be must be appreciated if individual interpretation of ideas is to be achieved
3. By ‘was a dry and technical affair’, the writer means that:
A. Literacy education was less flexible and cultural than it is
B. There was one time when language teaching was very technological
C. Nobody but linguistics and politicians found literacy was a matter of interest
D. Literacy teaching methods used to be entitled to specialists only
4. Which is one feature of constructivism?
A. People are naturally inclined to develop language abilities
B. Students learn best by working on their own
C. It is vital that a disciplined and regulated approach is used
 D. Everyone learns to read and write in a similar manner
5. Which is one feature of behaviorism?
A. There is hardly a common set of conventions
B. Meaning is created by connecting word fragments
C. Linguistic capacities are built into people
D. Self-study is crucial in acquiring language knowledge
6. Which is NOT one feature of constructivism?
A. Context can provide helpful cues to understand words
B. Language is best learned as a single, organic process
C. Practical means are used to encourage individual and self-expression
D. It is crucial that students understand every words they encounter
7. The phrase ‘hold the trump card’ mostly means:
A. Achieve dominance
B. Be described in documents
C. Maintain its originality
D. Overcome challenges
8. Which is NOT one feature of behaviorism?
A. Students often learn by receiving information from teachers
B. The whole word is less important than its parts
C. It is difficult to judge how well students are doing collectively
D. Test results, rather than real abilities, are more likely to be achieved
9. What is one disadvantage of behaviorism teaching and learning?
A. It is only suitable to children with a good financial background
B. It may discourage learners’ creative abilities in language acquisition
C. It seems to overemphasize the needs for tests and examinations
D. It lessens the possibility of equality in education between social classes
10. Which best summarizes the writer’s general conclusion?
A. Constructivism is better, while behaviorism leads to negative social effects
B. Ideally, constructivism would be used, but behaviorism is more pragmatic
C. Neither is particular useful, and there needs to be new alternative
D. Each method complements the other, and their application should be integrated
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 6: You are going to read an article. Read the passage and answer the questions (10pts).

HELIUM’S FUTURE UP IN THE AIR

A In recent years we have all been exposed to dire media reports concerning the
impending demise of global coal and oil reserves, but the depletion of another key non renewable resource
continues without receiving much press at all. Helium – an inert,
odourless, monatomic element known to lay people as the substance that makes
balloons float and voices squeak when inhaled – could be gone from this planet within a
generation.

B Helium itself is not rare; there is actually a plentiful supply of it in the cosmos. In
fact, 24 per cent of our galaxy’s elemental mass consists of helium, which makes it the
second most abundant element in our universe. Because of its lightness, however, most
helium vanished from our own planet many years ago. Consequently, only a miniscule
proportion – 0.00052%, to be exact – remains in earth’s atmosphere. Helium is the byproduct of millennia of
radioactive decay from the elements thorium and uranium. The
helium is mostly trapped in subterranean natural gas bunkers and commercially
extracted through a method known as fractional distillation.
C The loss of helium on Earth would affect society greatly. Defying the perception
of it as a novelty substance for parties and gimmicks, the element actually has many
vital applications in society. Probably the most well known commercial usage is in
airships and blimps (non-flammable helium replaced hydrogen as the lifting gas du jour
after the Hindenburg catastrophe in 1932, during which an airship burst into flames and
crashed to the ground killing some passengers and crew). But helium is also
instrumental in deep-sea diving, where it is blended with nitrogen to mitigate the dangers
of inhaling ordinary air under high pressure; as a cleaning agent for rocket engines; and,
in its most prevalent use, as a coolant for superconducting magnets in hospital MRI
(magnetic resonance imaging) scanners.

D The possibility of losing helium forever poses the threat of a real crisis because
its unique qualities are extraordinarily difficult, if not impossible to duplicate (certainly, no
biosynthetic ersatz product is close to approaching the point of feasibility for helium,
even as similar developments continue apace for oil and coal). Helium is even cheerfully
derided as a “loner” element since it does not adhere to other molecules like its cousin,
hydrogen. According to Dr. Lee Sobotka, helium is the “most noble of gases, meaning
it’s very stable and non-reactive for the most part … it has a closed electronic configuration, a very tightly
bound atom. It is this coveting of its own electrons that
prevents combination with other elements’. Another important attribute is helium’s
unique boiling point, which is lower than that for any other element. The worsening
global shortage could render millions of dollars of high-value, life-saving equipment
totally useless. The dwindling supplies have already resulted in the postponement of
research and development projects in physics laboratories and manufacturing plants
around the world. There is an enormous supply and demand imbalance partly brought
about by the expansion of high-tech manufacturing in Asia.

E The source of the problem is the Helium Privatisation Act (HPA), an American
law passed in 1996 that requires the U.S. National Helium Reserve to liquidate its helium
assets by 2015 regardless of the market price. Although intended to settle the original
cost of the reserve by a U.S. Congress ignorant of its ramifications, the result of this fire
sale is that global helium prices are so artificially deflated that few can be bothered
recycling the substance or using it judiciously. Deflated values also mean that natural
gas extractors see no reason to capture helium. Much is lost in the process of extraction.
As Sobotka notes: "[t]he government had the good vision to store helium, and the
question now is: Will the corporations have the vision to capture it when extracting
natural gas, and consumers the wisdom to recycle? This takes long-term vision because
present market forces are not sufficient to compel prudent practice”. For Nobel-prize
laureate Robert Richardson, the U.S. government must be prevailed upon to repeal its
privatisation policy as the country supplies over 80 per cent of global helium, mostly from
the National Helium Reserve. For Richardson, a twenty- to fifty-fold increase in prices
would provide incentives to recycle.

F A number of steps need to be taken in order to avert a costly predicament in the

coming decades. Firstly, all existing supplies of helium ought to be conserved and
released only by permit, with medical uses receiving precedence over other commercial
or recreational demands. Secondly, conservation should be obligatory and enforced by a
regulatory agency. At the moment some users, such as hospitals, tend to recycle
diligently while others, such as NASA, squander massive amounts of helium. Lastly,
research into alternatives to helium must begin in earnest.
Passage 4 has six paragraphs, A–F.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A–F
1. A use for helium which makes an activity safer
2. The possibility of creating an alternative to helium
3. A term which describes the process of how helium is taken out of the ground
4. A reason why users of helium do not make efforts to conserve it
5. A contrast between helium’s chemical properties and how non-scientists think
about it
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Complete the summary below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Sobotka argues that big business and users of helium need to help look after helium
stocks because 6……………….. will not be encouraged through buying and selling
alone. Richardson believes that the 7……………….. needs to be withdrawn, as the
U.S. provides most of the world’s helium. He argues that higher costs would mean
people have 8……………….. to use the resource many times over.
People should need a 9……………….. to access helium that we still have.
Furthermore, a 10 ……………….. should ensure that helium is used carefully.

Your answers:
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 7

You are going to read about items from science fiction that became real. For questions 47-56, choose
from the sections of the article (A-D). The sections may be chosen more than once.

Which science fiction work …

47 had a purpose other than pure entertainment?

48 presented a concept that is familiar today but through a different process?

49 was written by an author who has more famous fictional creations?

50 features machines that threaten to cause the downfall of man?

51 shows us a device that would have enormous significance for us if it really existed?

52 was created by a writer whose name will never be forgotten?

53 was given a title that might be better understood by people today than when it was written?

54 revolves around a character who uses a particular device to escape from the reality of a situation?

55 delighted people over a period of many years?

56 foresaw something that is controversial today?

We’ve seen it all before!

Just how many of the technological advances we take for granted today were actually predicted in science
fiction years ago? Karen Smith checks out four influential works.

A
R.U.R
Originally a word that appeared solely in science fiction, the term ‘robot’ has now become commonplace as
developments in technology have allowed scientists to design ever more complex machines that can perform
tasks to assist us at work or home. But how did the word originate and when? To answer this, we have to go
back nearly 100 years to a play written in 1920 by a Czech playwright, Karel Capek, called R. U. R —
Rossum’s Universal Robots. The word is a derivation from the Czech robota, meaning ‘forced labour’, or
rab, meaning ‘slave’. Capek’s robots are biological machines which are uncannily similar to what we today
refer to as ‘clones’ or ‘androids’ but are assembled from various parts rather than being genetically ‘grown.’
The play eerily predicts problems that concern people today regarding machines that can think
independently. Rossum’s robots plan a rebellion against their creator, a man who in his own words, wants to
‘play God’. The famous science fiction writer Isaac Asimov was unimpressed by the literary value of
Capek’s play but believed it had enormous significance because it introduced the word robot to the world.

В
Ralph 124C41+
If you’re a science fiction aficionado, you’ll definitely have heard of Hugo Gernsback. Considered by many
to be the founding father of science fiction back in 1926 with the publication of his magazine Amazing
Stories, his name has been immortalised in the annual science fiction awards, the ‘Hugos’. However, the
quality of his writing is questionable and his stories are more highly regarded for their content rather than
plot or character development. Gernsback was deeply interested in the world of electronics and, believing
that science-fiction should inspire future scientists, he filled his stories with ideas for numerous new gadgets
and electronic devices. An extraordinary number of his predictions have actually come true. Today we have
television, televised phone calls, sliding doors and remote controls, to name only a few, and the precursors
of many of these can be found in just one novel: Ralph 124C41+.The mystifying title is itself a prediction of
language used in text talk today: ‘one to foresee for all (1+)’! Gernsback’s prophetic stories included other
predictions which currently remain unfulfilled, such as complete weather control, thought records and
aircabs. Watch this space!

C
From the London Town of 1904
Mark Twain is a familiar name to most of us as the author of magnificent books such as Huckleberry Finn
and Tom Sawyer . He is less well-known, however, for his science fiction but to avid readers of that genre,
he is considered one of the best writers of all time. It is also quite possible that he predicted one of the most
influential scientific inventions the world has ever seen — something that we all use and rely on every day:
the Internet! It is in a little-known short story called From the London Town of 1904 that a character invents
a device called a ‘telectroscope’. This is a machine that uses telephone line links across the world to enable
him to see and hear what is going on in any place on the globe at a given time. How familiar does that
sound? The character, while on death row for a murder that he did not commit, uses his machine to ‘call up’
different places in the world and the narrator of the story comments that although in a prison cell, the man is
‘almost as free as the birds.’

D
Star Trek
These days mobile phones have become such an integral part of our daily lives that we would be lost without
them but there was a time when we had to communicate using landlines or — horror of horrors — by
writing letters! Viewers watching the birth of a new TV science fiction series in the 1960s would have been
amazed at the thought that the ‘communicator’ used by Star Trek’s Captain Kirk would one day become an
everyday form of communication available to us all. Kirk’s ‘communicator’ was a small device he used to
flip open and, in retrospect, it seems surprisingly similar to a mobile phone that became popular in the late
90s. The long-running series also featured several other devices that have since moved from fiction to the
real world. However, the famous Star Trek ‘Transporter’, through which people can immediately materialise
in different places, still remains the Holy Grail for many in the world of science. Now, that really would
make a difference to our lives. ‘Beam us up, Scottie,’ please?
Part 8
11,She should see a doctor; she bruised herself terribly when she fell down the stairs. BLACK
She’d better see a doctor; she is ……………………………………
12,I’m not very popular with Uncle Edward at the moment. BOOKS
I’m in ……………………………………
13,Jun never answers my questions. Month
Jun answers ……………………………………
14,Talking to her is useless - she doesn’t respond. HEAD
Talking to her is like ……………………………………
15,The town hall has approved the plans for the new sports centre.GREEN
The town hall has ……………………………………
16,You’d better get hurry if you want to be on time for the performance.SKATES
- You’d better ……………………………………
17,My boss criticized me for not keeping my deadlines. COALS
My boss ……………………………………
18,It really put Betty in her place when the boss said she was the office junior. TWO
-The boss really ……………………………………
19,I think having to earn his own living was quite a shock to Billy.
-Billy was brought ……………………………………
20,I’m only here for a minute; I’m due at the hospital shortly.FLYING
-I’m only here on ……………………………………

KEY
Phần 1:
Part 1: You will hear a television news report about stress. For questions 6-105, decide whether the
following statements are true (T) or false (F). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes
provided (1.0pt)

6.F 7.T 8.F 9.T 10.F

Part 2. You will hear an interview with a sports writer about football referees. Listen carefully and choose
the correct answer A, B or C for each question. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered
boxes. (1.0 pt)

11. B 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C

Part 3: You will hear a man called Neil Brown giving a talk about cycling. Complete the sentences by
writing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Write your
answers in the space provided. (2.0pts)

16.leisure 17.(carbon 18.road safety 19.(comprehensive) 20. new

activity dioxide) schools recruits
emissions
21. (coronary) 22. injuries 23. mental 24. free of charge 25. raise
heart and fractures performance money
PART 1
A: News Anchor
B: Dr. Sachs
A: Good morning. If you’ve just joined us on The Morning Neat-It’s 7:20.
If you’re like many of our viewers, you’re probably getting ready for the day, the kids need to get off to
school, and you’re looking at another long commute to work. Maybe you’re thinking about the bills that you
need to pay, or the mortgage, or next month’s paycheck. So, is the answer moving to another country where
life is less stressful? Canada, perhaps, or France, Germany, or Italy?
The bad news is that people in those countries are almost as stressed as we are in the United States. A recent
poll in 10 countries around the world found some surprising results. Our neighbors to the north often tell us
that they lead a more relaxed lifestyle in Canada. But according to this survey, the same number of
Canadians and Americans reported that they sometimes or frequently experienced stress. That number? Over
75%.
That’s right. Three-quarters of the North American population is stressed out. To find out why, we’re joined
by our chief medical correspondent, Dr.Tim Sachs. Dr.Tim, what’s going on? Why all the stress. Why all the
stress?
B: Sue, blame it on the modern world. In almost every country surveyed, the number one source of stress
was either money or jobs, which amounts to the same thing. Financial stress either means you don’t have
enough money or you want more. Wealth has become so important in our society that we are literally
making ourselves ill because of it. More and more people are working two or more jobs, or working crazy
hours every week just to make a living.
A: It’s interesting to me how similar the results of the poll are in so many countries. The same levels of
stress. Why is that?
B: I think we’re exporting our stress. It’s a common misconception that technology makes our life easier.
But technology means fewer manual jobs because factories use robots not people. Email, cell phones, and
the Internet mean that some businesses are switched on for 24 hours a day. And with more people owning
bigger cars and living further our of the cities, commutes are getting longer. In fact, you see more stress at
every level of society. People without much money find that it’s harder and harder to survive. The middle
classes need to make more money in order to maintain their standards of living. Meanwhile, the wealthiest
members of society are often those with the most stressful jobs.
A: Okay, so where should we go to escape? I understand Mexico is a good choice.
B: Mexico is a great country- I was there on vacation last year. And it’s true that Mexicans reported the least
stress of all the countries in the survey-fewer than half the people questioned there experienced frequent
stress. That’s not to say life is perfect there. Far from it. There is widespread poverty and very high crime
rates in parts of Mexico.
A: But at least they’re cool about it! What about Europe?
B: The results from Europe were very interesting. The stereotype is that the French don’t care about the
modern world, and that they spend their days calmly sipping coffee and discussing philosophy. But they are
as stressed as any nation. The survey asked this question: “Do you ever feel that you have lost control over
your life? And nearly half of the French respondents replied yes. That’s close to the highest result on that
question, which by the way was found in Britain. Our transatlatic cousins in the U.K feel like they’re losing
control.
A: What’s the story in Germany? I read that the Germans don’t have that feelings of life being beyond
control, but they do have a high level of stress. What does that mean?
B: I think it means that the Germans are really good at handling their stress. They live stressful lives, but
they keep their stress under control. We could learn a lesson or two from them.

PART 2.
Presenter (P): I’m talking to Martin Groves, who’s written a series of articles about football referees.
Martin, something you discovered, didn’t you, that most people might not realize, is how competitive the
average referee is?
Martin: Yes, referees regard selection for the most glamorous matches, such as cup finals and international
games, with every bit as much longing and pride as players do. They suffer from tension before and during
matches. They admit to jealousy and vindictiveness among their fraternity. They become minor celebrities.
They receive letters of praise and sour abuse from people they have never met. They see themselves as part
of the action, closer to it than managers and coaches. Just as with the players, it is when a referee stops
getting letters and is no longer bieng booed outside football grounds that he worries most about his future.
P: What’s the relationship between players and referees really like then, Martin?
M: Referees like to feel that they are respected by players for their astuteness and their fairness. They are, in
this respect, like schoolteachers who regard themselves as close to the boys or police detectives who think
what that give-and-take with criminals is the best way to deal with them in the long run. For example, I
spoke to one referee who expressed this attitude explicitly when he said, with evident pleasure and pride,
that a certain international player, known for his unpredictable temper,”responds to the right treatment”. By
and large, he found professional footballers were “a great crowd”, which is generous of him, considering
the low opinion players are often prepared to give of referees. It’s striking how closely referees like to align
themselves with the players, in contrast with the scorn with which players will detach themselves from
connection with referees. There is no question about who would like to change places with whom.
P: Now what makes someone want to be a referee?
M: It is romantic and, it seems to me, most unrealistic view of refereeing to say, as one president of the
international football authority FIFA once did, that “it is a job for volunteers, who are doing a service to
their community”. Plainly it is not public-spiritedness that motivates men into the ambition of controlling
big football matches, even if the authorities insist on treating them like servants of duty. As with managers
and directors, there is undoubtedly a deep absorption in football here, and the material reward is
insubstantial to say the least. But there is much more satisfying of ego than disinterest in the motive. The
referee wants to be recognized in the game, and he wants to feel he is important to it. He even wants to be
liked.
P: Now referees get assessed, don’t they, they get given marks for their performance in each game by
representatives of the clubs involved, don’t they?
M: Yes, and the reports on the referees are sent to the football authorities, to whom the referees are directly
responsible. So the referee is in the unsatisfactory position of a consultant brought in to adjusticate,
instructed to brook no interference and then made subject to the criticism of his employers on the grounds
that he was not up to the job. Under these circumstances one referee I spoke to could hardly be siad to be
overstating the referee’s predicament when he said that he needed, above all else, “ a skin like a rhinoceros
and to be as deaf as a post”. Fire is breathed on him from crowd, obscenity may be muttered at him by the
players and afterwards he can be accused of both laxity and over-jealousness by assessors. As that referee
said: “The referee’s only got to make one bad mistake and everything else he does in the game is forgotten.”
P: So they’re under a lot of pressure. I mean, referees get some awful stick from players, don’t they? That
must put them off quite a bit.
M: Yes, but a referee ought to be able to differentiate quickly between the spontaneous expletives of
angered players and the malevolent abuse of those trying to intimidate him. In a game which creates as much
passion and as much demand on a man’s resources as does professional football, there are bound to be
moments when gamesmanship and outright villainly test a referee to his limit. There are also times when he
has to decide instantly which of the two is present in an incident. The good referee is not the man who plays
safe with either a blind eye or a public display of moral outrage, but the one who can unobtrusively deal with
the offence and defuse the situation.
P: Who’d be a referee?Thanks, Martin. And now…
PART 3
You will hear a man called Neil Brown giving a talk about cycling.
Neil: Good evening, everyone. My name is Neil Brown and I’m here to talk to you about the merits of a
favourite pastime of mine:cycling. I am involved in the Cycle Campaign Network, an organization which
helps to promote cycling- as a sport, as a viable means of transport and also as a pleasurable leisure activity.
In 1996 the National Cycling Strategy was launched, whose aim is to promote and develop cycling as
a means of transport. It’s come a logn way towards achieving its aims, but there’s still room for
improvement. Some of you may be wondering: why cycle to work in this cold, wet climate of ours? Well,
there are numerous reasons. For one thing, the bike offers a valuable alternative to the car in that not only
does it make for reduced carbon dioxide emissions and noise levels, but as more people use it regularly to
get to and from work, the less congestion there is in town and city centres. Increasingly, local authorities are
becoming aware of the potential benefits to the community and are taking steps to create safer cycle routes
and provide cycle training programmes to promote road safety. The upshot of this is that we are now more
able to actively encourage children to cycle to school. I am delighted to say that many compreshensive
schools have already incorporated cycling into their sports curriculum, and this has been received
enthusiastically by teachers and students alike. We’re hoping to expand the project further and are looking
for new recruits to help us.
So, er, don’t hesitate to add your names, please! Aside from the obvious benefits to the environment
cycling is also good for you. Regualr cycling encourages you to breathe more deeply, assisting circulation
and burning off body fat. It can provide protection against such health problems as coronary heart disease,
strokes and mild diabetes, among others. It strengthens your musculo-skeletal system, which in turn protects
you against the effects of fractures and injuries sustained during falls. And another benefit has recently been
uncovered by research. Those people who cycle to work regularly generally arrive at the office feeling more
alert, confident and ready for action. So there’s a possibility that cycling to work has made me more
efficient. And because these days I rarely take sick leave, my relations with my boss have definitely
improved.
Cycling is easy and enjoyable and won’t dent your bank balance. Today there are more than sixteen
cycling organizations in Britain, which shows how cycling has grown in popularity. Thousands of bike
events are held throughout the year, and entry to most of these is free of charge to participants of all ages
and abilities. So why not do yourself a favour and help the environment at the same time? Start cycling
to school or work and leave the car in the garage. An easy way to make a start is by joining in one or
more of the events organized for Bike Week, which is held annually every June. There are events all over
 the country and the organizations Bike2Work and BikeHub participate to promote cycling and raise
money for charity. It’s great fun and many events are open to all the family. To give you an idea of what
I’m talking about, the oldest participant in one event last year was seventy-eight and the youngest was
five! Anyone who is interested can phone or e-mail and request a free Events Guide to see which events
are being organized in their area. Or you can talk to me this evening. In the meantime, I look forward to
seeing many of you out on the road some time. Thank you for listening. If anyone has any questions, I’ll
be…

Phần 2

Part 1: KEY TO PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS

21. B 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. C
26. A 27 C 28. D 29. A 30. D
21. It’s like banging your head ………………… a brick wall.
A. into B. against C. onto D. up
be banging your head against a brick wall=to do, say, or ask for something repeatedly but to be unable to change a situation
22. We lay in the sun until our bodies felt saturated…………………..the heat.
A. up B. with C. upon D. within
saturate (someone or something) with (something)=
1. To cause someone or something to be completely soaked by or drenched with some kind of liquid.
2. To cause something to permeate and spread throughout some place; to fill or supply something or some place thoroughly or to
the limit.
3. In physical chemistry, to cause some substance to dissolve and unite with another substance to maximum capacity.
23. Some very important issues was taking…………………..all his attention.
A. up B. on C. out D. within
Take up = chiếm lấy
24. He……………………….by pointing out the dangers involved in rock climbing.
A. started on B. started off C. started up D. started out
start (sth) off=to begin by doing something, or to make something begin by doing something
25. She……………….till the early hours listening to pop music.
A. help me up B. caught me up C. kept me up D. took me up
keep sb up=to prevent someone from going to bed or sleeping:
26. Old Mr Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will………………………..
A. pull through B. pull up C. pull back D. pull out
pull through (sth)=to become well again after a serious illness, especially when you might have died
27. I do wish you wouldn’t……………Charles. I’m trying to talk to your father.
A. put off B. call up C. butt in D. tell off
butt in=to interrupt a conversation or discussion or someone who is talking
28. After the accident at the nuclear power station, the authorities tried to ………….. the danger to the public from radioactive
waste.
A. calm down B. get through C. get over D. play down
play down something=to make something seem less important than or not as bad as it really is
29. The witness’s evidence………….what Peter had said.
A. bore out B. gave off C. told off D. wiped out
bear out something/someone=to support the truth of something, or to support someone's statement or claim:
30. When David started speaking everyone fell …….laughing.
A. up B. at C. in D. about
fall about=to laugh without being able to stop
B.

31. B 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. B

36. D 37.C 38. A 39. A 40. D
31. Thanks for listening to me complain about my boss. I just needed to__________
A. cry my heart out B. get this off my chest
C. face the music D. stick my neck out
 get sth off your chest=to tell someone about something that has been worrying you or making you feel
guilty for a long time
'stick your neck out' (vươn cổ ra), điều đó có nghĩa là bạn liều nói hay làm điều gì mà người khác có thể
không thích
Face the music = chiu trận,gánh chịu hậu quả do hành dộng của bản thân
Cry (one's) heart out" = Khóc như muốn rớt tim ra ngoài -> Khóc thầm thì; khóc sướt mướt trong một
thời gian dài.
32. The news of his death was like a bolt _____
A. from the red B. from the blue C. from the black D. from the white
'a bolt from the blue' (tiếng sét từ trời xanh), điều đó là sự ngạc nhiên hoàn toàn bất thình lình.
33. This is an exciting book which ____________ new ground in the educational research
A. breaks B. reaches C. scratches D. turns
Break new ground" -> Đề xuất sáng kiến để cải tiến, làm những điều mà từ trước chưa từng làm được,
thiết lập một kỷ lục mới hoặc là người tiên phong làm điều gì đó.
34. Were you on the __________ when you said you had resigned from work?
A. wagon B. flat C. level D. town
On the level = trung thực ,thành thật
35. This painting stands a good _____ of winning the prize.
A. possibility B. chance C. opportunity D. certainty
Stand a chance (of something) có nghĩa là “có khả năng thành công hoặc đạt được điều gì đó
36. The optician says you have to wear glasses, like it or ___________ it.
A. jump B. loathe C. dislike D. lump
Like it or lump it = If you tell someone to like it or lump it, you mean that person must accept a situation
they do not like, because it cannot be changed
37. When her daughter didn't come home on the last bus, Mrs. Lee was at _____.
A. a loss B. death’s door
C. her wits' end D. the crack of dawn
At sb wit’s end = to be so worried, confused, or annoyed that you do not know what to do next
At the crack of dawn= vào lúc bình minh,sáng sớm
At death’s door = ở cửa tử thần ,sắp chết
At a loss= not to know what to do or say
38. Her health has improved in _____.
A. leaps and bounds B. odds and ends
C. sick and tired D. trial and error
leaps and bounds= tiến bộ,phát triển vượt bậc
sick and tired of= chán ngán làm gì
odds and ends = những thứ linh tinh,lặt vặt
trial and error có nghĩa là hoàn thành một việc bằng cách thử dùng những biện pháp khác nhau cho đến khi
tìm được biện pháp đúng.
39. We've lost everything. Still, there's no point in complaining. We’ll just have to try and make _____.
A. the best of a bad job B. no bones about it
C. a splash D. a clean sweep
Make the best of a bad job= to do one’s best in difficult circumstances=còn nước còn tát
'Make no bones about sth' có nghĩa là thành thật nói rõ điều mình suy nghĩ, không do dự, không ngập ngừng,
tuy rằng mình có thể làm người khác vui vẻ hay buồn phiền
make a splash=to become suddenly very successful or very well known
'Make a clean sweep' có một từ mới là clean nghĩa là sạch. Vì thế make a clean sweep nghĩa là quét sạch hay
gạt bỏ những đồ vật hay những người không cần thiết.
40. He made a number of _____ remarks about my cooking, which upset us.
A. slashing B. stabbing C. chopping D. cutting
cutting remark=A remark or comment intended to injure the feelings of others.

Part 3. For questions 1-10, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each
space. (10 points)

1. B 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. A
Oxford is a city with such a mind-blowing reputation that many who come here find themselves intimidated
by the place and can’t wait to leave, while others, taking to it like a duck to water, find themselves returning
again and again. The college lawns provide a gorgeous (86)______ to serious study, and in the right light, on
a sunny winter’s morning say, one feels as if one is (87)______ on air, such is the sense of unreality. Oxford
may like to (88)______ that it is at the intellectual hub of things, but in many ways it is no more than a
sleepy (89)______where, to mix metaphors, transitory students, the (90)______of their generation, wait in
the (91)______, allowing their talents to (92)______ before moving off into the industrial or political fast-
lane. Much of this is a myth, of course. Hardship and hard work are very much part and (93)______ of
student life. The (94)______ get through the three years’ hard grind by simply putting their shoulders to the
wheel before going on to fairly average jobs. Only for the tiny minority is Oxford the first (95)______ on the
ladder to fame and fortune.
86. A. backdrop B. curtain C. scene D. screen
backdrop: the general conditions in which an event takes place
scene: the place where something happens, especially something unpleasant
87. A flying B. gliding C. floating D. swimming
float: to move slowly on water or in the air
glide: to fly using air currents, without the birds moving their wings or the aircraft using the engine
88. A. pretend B. act C. dissemble D. produce
to claim to be, do or have something, especially when this is not true
89. A. backwater B. stream C. tributary D. watershed
backwater: ) a place that is away from the places where most things happen, and is therefore not affected by
events, progress, new ideas, etc.
90. A. froth B. cream C. fat D. caviar
the cream of something: the best people or things in a particular group
91. A. pavilion B. dressing room C. wings D. foyer
in the wings: ready to take over a particular job or be used in a particular situation when needed
92. A. flourish B. open C. spread D. float
93. A. package B. section C. province D. parcel
Part and parcel of: phần quan trọng,thiết yếu của cái gì
94. A. level-headed B. hot-headed C. hot-blooded D. kind-hearted
level-headed: calm and sensible.
95. A. step B. position C. elevation D. ascent
the first step on the ladder : bước đầu tiên trên nấc thang( đạt tới danh vong,thành công)

Part 4 For questions 1-10, fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word and write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (10 points)

1. what 2. in 3. part 4. where 5. them

6. than 7. less 8. only 9. else 10.do

Part 5

1C 2A 3D 4A 5B
6D 7A 8C 9B 10D
In many developed countries literacy skirts are under siege. This is true even in societies where access to
primary education is universal and governments invest heavily in education. New Zealand, for example, was
leading the world in literacy rates in 1970, but tumbled to thirteenth place in 2001 and then again to twenty-
fourth just a few years later. Test scores in the USA also stumped ten percent during the 1990s despite the
country riding an economic boom for much of the decade. In some cases these statistics reverse trends that
were in motion for over a century and a haft. The steady, graduate expansion of literacy across social groups
and classes was one of the greatest successes of the period of industrialization that began in the mid-1850s.
This reversal of fortunes has lead to widespread contention over the pedagogy of teaching Literacy. What
was once a dry and technical affair—the esoteric business of linguists and policy analysts—rapidity
escalated into a series of skirmishes that were prayed out in high-visibility forums: Newspapers ran special
features, columns and letters-to-the-editor on the literacy crisis; politicians successfully ran their national
campaigns on improving reading test scores; and parents had their say by joining Parent Teacher
Associations (PTAs) and obi groups.
The arguments around reading pouted into two different classroom methodologies: constructivism and
behaviorism. The constructivist methodology grew from a holistic conception of knowledge creation that
understood reading and writing to be innate, humanistic and interpretative practices that suffered when they
were spliced and formalized within rigid doctrines, strict ruts and universal skill-sets. Constructivists
associate words with meanings; each word might be thought of as a Chinese ideogram. Students are
encouraged to learn individual words and skip over and guess words they do not understand, or learn to
interpret those words by situating them within the lexical infrastructure of the sentence and the story's wider
narrative. These practices materialize as learning processes centered on guided group reading and
independent reading of high-quantity, culturally diverse literature or textual composition that emphasizes
pup[is conveying their own thoughts and feelings for rear purposes such as letters to pen pats or journal
entries.
Behaviorism sees the pedagogy cat process in a tests dialectical fashion—words are initially taught not
toxically, as vehicles to convey meaning, but rather sub-rexicatty, as a combination of features that can be
separated and learn in a schematic process. The behaviorist approach does not focus on words at all in the
early stages of learning. Rather, it is centered on a universally applicable method of teaching students to
isolate graphemes and phonemes with the intention that students will eventually learn to synthesize these
individual parts and make sense of spoken words textually. In this way, individual components are not
equated with the strokes of a brush on a Chinese ideogram, but rather as the focal pieces of interpretation—
as in, for example, learning to read musical notations or Morse code. Because of its emphasis on universal
rules, behaviorism is much more conducive to format examination and the consolidation of results across
regions and countries. The ability to master language is considered to rest in the acquisition of a set of skills
that exist independently of individuals. Classroom learning is therefore based upon the transmission of
knowledge from tutor to student, rather than seen as an internalized process that erupts within the students
themselves.
So who comes out on top? It is not easy to say. Champions of behaviorism have claimed victory because
constructivist learning took over in the late 1980s, just before test scores on literacy began sinking across the
West. Constructivists, however, can make the valid claim that the behaviorist approach has a heavy
methodological bias towards testing and examination, and that test results do not represent the ability of
individuals to use and interpret language freely and creatively. Furthermore, different socio-economic
groups respond in different ways to each method. Those from wealthier families tend to do well regardless
of the method, but thrive on the constructivist approach imp emended in the 1990s. Children from poorer
families, however, are better served by behaviorism. These outcomes have ramped up levels of socio-
economic based educational disparities in educational systems that have pushed the constructivist method.
It is unlikely that either constructivism or behaviorism will be permanently sidelined from curricula in the
near future. Most teachers find it easier to incorporate aspects of each approach. Constructivism may
ultimately hold the trump card because of its proven success with pupils who come from families where
they are introduced to reading and writing in various forms from a young age—this process of 'living and
(earning' and immersing oneself in language is a sound principle. In a world rife with social inequities,
households with illiterate parents and a scarcity of funding for education, however, the behaviorist approach
may have the upper hand in teaching children to access the basic skills of literacy quickly and efficiently,
even if some linguistic creativity is crushed in the process.
11. Which of the following topics is the passage primarily concerned with?
E. The rise and fall of literacy in countries around the world
F. Reasons why language teaching has been on firm ground
G. Main features of two languages teaching approaches
The arguments around reading pouted into two different classroom methodologies: constructivism
and behaviorism
→ Các tranh luận xung quanh việc đọc đã phân thành hai phương pháp luận sử dụng trong lớp học khác
nhau: thuyết kiến tạo và thuyết hành vi
H. Best classroom methodologies in literacy approaches
12. Which describes one attitude towards a teaching method mentioned in the text?
E. Too many rules and regulations can hinder natural knowledge mastery
 That suffered when they were spliced and formalized within rigid doctrines, strict ruts, and
universal skill-sets
→ Tuy nhiên, phương pháp này đã phải gặp nhiều khó khăn khi chúng được liên kết và hợp thức hóa vào
những học thuyết cứng nhắc, những bài học nghiêm khắc và những bộ kỹ năng phổ quát.
F. Dependence on learning assistants is no longer praiseworthy now
G. Understanding deserves much more emphasis that putting knowledge to use
H. Universal rules must be must be appreciated if individual interpretation of ideas is to be achieved
13. By ‘was a dry and technical affair’, the writer means that:
E. Literacy education was less flexible and cultural than it is
F. There was one time when language teaching was very technological
G. Nobody but linguistics and politicians found literacy was a matter of interest
H. Literacy teaching methods used to be entitled to specialists only
Cue: What was once a dry and technical affair—the esoteric business of linguists and policy
analysts—rapidity escalated into a series of skirmishes that were prayed out in high-visibility
forums: Newspapers ran special features, columns and letters-to-the-editor on the literacy crisis;
politicians successfully ran their national campaigns on improving reading test scores; and parents
had their say by joining Parent Teacher Associations (PTAs) and obi groups.

→ Những gì đã từng là một chuyện khô khan và kỹ thuật — công việc bí truyền của các nhà ngôn ngữ
học và các nhà phân tích chính sách — nhanh chóng trở thành một loạt các cuộc chạm trán được diễn ra trên
các diễn đàn có khả năng tuyên truyền cao: Các tờ báo chạy các tính năng đặc biệt, các cột và thư gửi cho
người biên tập trên khủng hoảng biết chữ; các chính trị gia đã điều hành thành công các chiến dịch quốc gia
của họ về cải thiện điểm số của việc đọc hiểu; và phụ huynh nâng cao sự tham gia của họ trong vấn đề bằng
cách tham gia Hiệp hội Giáo viên Phụ huynh (PTA) và các nhóm obi.

14. Which is one feature of constructivism?

E. People are naturally inclined to develop language abilities
Cue: The constructivist methodology grew from a holistic conception of knowledge creation that
understood reading and writing to be innate, humanistic
→ Phương pháp luận kiến tạo được phát triển từ một quan niệm tổng thể về việc tạo ra tri thức, trong
đó phương pháp trên hiểu rằng đọc và viết là những thực hành bẩm sinh, là đặc tính của con người

F. Students learn best by working on their own

G. It is vital that a disciplined and regulated approach is used
H. Everyone learns to read and write in a similar manner
15. Which is one feature of behaviorism?
E. There is hardly a common set of conventions
F. Meaning is created by connecting word fragments
Cue: Behaviorism sees the pedagogy cat process in a tests dialectical fashion—words are initially
taught not toxically, as vehicles to convey meaning, but rather sub-rexicatty, as a combination of
features that can be separated and learn in a schematic process.
→ coi quá trình sư phạm là một thử nghiệm theo kiểu biện chứng — các chữ cái là thứ được dạy đầu tiên
chứ không phải được truyền đạt bằng cách độc hại, hay như phương tiện truyền đạt ý nghĩa, mà là phụ
thuộc, như một sự tập hợp các phần có thể được tách ra và học trong một sơ đồ.
G. Linguistic capacities are built into people
H. Self-study is crucial in acquiring language knowledge
16. Which is NOT one feature of constructivism?
E. Context can provide helpful cues to understand words
F. Language is best learned as a single, organic process
G. Practical means are used to encourage individual and self-expression
H. It is crucial that students understand every words they encounter
Cue: Students are encouraged to learn individual words and skip over and guess words they do not
understand, or learn to interpret those words by situating them within the lexical infrastructure of the
sentence and the story's wider narrative.
→ Người học chữ được khuyến khích học các từ riêng lẻ, bỏ qua, đoán những từ mà họ không hiểu, hoặc
học cách giải thích những từ đó bằng cách đưa chúng vào kết cấu
 17. The phrase ‘hold the trump card’ mostly means:
E. Achieve dominance
Constructivism may ultimately hold the trump card because of its proven success with pupils who
come from families where they are introduced to reading and writing in various forms from a young
age—this process of 'living and (earning' and immersing oneself in language is a sound principle
→ Sau tất cả, chủ nghĩa kiến tạo giữ vị thế cao hơn vì sự thành công đã được minh chứng bởi những học
sinh đến từ các gia đình nơi chúng được làm quen với việc đọc và viết dưới nhiều hình thức khác nhau từ khi
còn nhỏ - quá trình 'sống và (tận hưởng và đắm mình trong ngôn ngữ có vẻ như là phương thức hay
F. Be described in documents
G. Maintain its originality
H. Overcome challenges
18. Which is NOT one feature of behaviorism?
E. Students often learn by receiving information from teachers
F. The whole word is less important than its parts
G. It is difficult to judge how well students are doing collectively
Cue:Because of its emphasis on universal rules, behaviorism is much more conducive to format
examination and the consolidation of results across regions and countries
→ Do nhấn mạnh vào các quy tắc phổ quát, phương pháp luận hành vi có lợi hơn nhiều trong việc thực hiện
kiểm tra và tổng hợp kết quả giữa các khu vực và quốc gia.

H. Test results, rather than real abilities, are more likely to be achieved
19. What is one disadvantage of behaviorism teaching and learning?
E. It is only suitable to children with a good financial background
F. It may discourage learners’ creative abilities in language acquisition
Cue:In a world rife with social inequities, households with illiterate parents and a scarcity of
funding for education, however, the behaviorist approach may have the upper hand in teaching
children to access the basic skills of literacy quickly and efficiently, even if some linguistic
creativity is crushed in the process.
→ Tuy nhiên, trong một thế giới đầy rẫy những sự thiếu bình đẳng trong quan hệ xã hội, các hộ gia đình có
cha mẹ mù chữ và khan hiếm kinh phí cho giáo dục, phương pháp tiếp cận theo chủ nghĩa hành vi có thể có
ưu thế trong việc dạy trẻ em tiếp cận các kỹ năng cơ bản của việc đọc viết một cách nhanh chóng và hiệu
quả, ngay cả khi một số sáng tạo ngôn ngữ bị loại bỏ trong quá trình này.
G. It seems to overemphasize the needs for tests and examinations
H. It lessens the possibility of equality in education between social classes
20. Which best summarizes the writer’s general conclusion?
E. Constructivism is better, while behaviorism leads to negative social effects
F. Ideally, constructivism would be used, but behaviorism is more pragmatic
G. Neither is particular useful, and there needs to be new alternative
H. Each method complements the other, and their application should be integrated
It is unlikely that either constructivism or behaviorism will be permanently sidelined from
curricula in the near future. Most teachers find it easier to incorporate aspects of each approach.
→ Không có khả năng chủ nghĩa kiến tạo hoặc chủ nghĩa hành vi sẽ vĩnh viễn bị loại khỏi chương trình
giảng dạy trong tương lai gần. Hầu hết các giáo viên thấy dễ dàng hơn khi kết hợp các khía cạnh của mỗi
cách tiếp cận.

Part 6: ( Source: Ielts practice test- British council)

1. C 2. D 3. B 4. E 5. A

6. PRUDENT PRACTICE
7.PRIVATISATION POLICY
8.INCENTIVES
9.PERMIT
10.REGULATORY AGENCY
1. C (But helium is also instrumental in deep-sea diving, where it is blended with nitrogen to
mitigate the dangers of inhaling ordinary air under high pressure)
→ Nhưng helium cũng đóng vai trò quan trọng phục vụ trong công việc lặn biển sâu, nơi nó được pha trộn
với nitơ để giảm thiểu nguy cơ hít phải không khí thông thường dưới áp suất cao;
2.D- if not impossible to duplicate (certainly, no biosynthetic ersatz product is close to approaching the
point of feasibility for helium, even as similar developments continue apace for oil and coal)
→ nếu không muốn nói là không thể tạo ra bản sao hoàn chỉnh (chắc chắn, không có sản phẩm thay thế sinh
tổng hợp nào gần đạt đến điểm khả thi so với khí heli, ngay cả khi những phát triển tương tự tiếp tục xảy ra
đối với dầu và than đá)
3.B The helium is mostly trapped in subterranean natural gas bunkers and commercially extracted
through a method known as fractional distillation.
→ Khí heli chủ yếu bị giữ lại trong các hầm chứa khí tự nhiên dưới lòng đất và được chiết xuất thương mại
thông qua một phương pháp được gọi là chưng cất phân đoạn.
4.E- Deflated values also mean that natural gas extractors see no reason to capture helium.
→ Giá trị dần bị bốc hơi đáng kể đồng nghĩa với việc các máy khai thác khí tự nhiên không có lý do gì để
thu giữ heli trong quá trình khai thác.
5.A- Helium – an inert, odourless, monatomic element known to lay people as the substance that
makes balloons float and voices squeak when inhaled – could be gone from this planet within a
generation.
→ Heli - một nguyên tố cấu trúc trơ, không mùi, được người dân gọi là chất làm cho bóng bay lơ lửng và
phát ra tiếng kêu khi hít vào - có thể biến mất khỏi hành tinh này trong vòng một thế hệ.

Complete the summary below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Sobotka argues that big business and users of helium need to help look after helium
stocks because 6……………….. will not be encouraged through buying and selling
alone. Richardson believes that the 7……………….. needs to be withdrawn, as the
U.S. provides most of the world’s helium. He argues that higher costs would mean
people have 8……………….. to use the resource many times over.
People should need a 9……………….. to access helium that we still have.
Furthermore, a 10 ……………….. should ensure that helium is used carefully.

Your answers:
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

6. PRUDENT PRACTICE -As Sobotka notes: "[t]he government had the good vision to store
helium, and the question now is: Will the corporations have the vision to capture it when extracting
natural gas, and consumers the wisdom to recycle? This takes long-term vision because present
market forces are not sufficient to compel prudent practice”.
→ Như Sobotka lưu ý: "Chính phủ của có tầm nhìn đúng đắn về việc tích trữ khí heli, và câu hỏi bây giờ là:
Liệu các công ty có dự định sử dụng phương pháp để giữ nó lại trong quá trình khai thác khí tự nhiên và
người tiêu dùng đủ thông thái để thực hành việc tái chế chúng hay không? Điều này cần tầm nhìn dài hạn
bởi vì chỉ dựa vào các động lực thị trường hiện tại thì không đủ để bắt buộc các cá nhân tổ chức sử dụng
phải thực hành việc bảo tồn loại khí này một cách thận trọng ”.
7. PRIVATISATION POLICY For Nobel-prize laureate Robert Richardson, the U.S. government
must be prevailed upon to repeal its privatisation policy as the country supplies over 80 percent of
global helium, mostly from the National Helium Reserve.
→ Đối với người đoạt giải Nobel Robert Richardson, chính phủ Hoa Kỳ phải được thuyết phục để bãi bỏ
chính sách tư nhân hóa của mình vì quốc gia này cung cấp hơn 80% khí heli toàn cầu, chủ yếu là từ Khu dự
trữ Khí Heli Quốc gia.
8. INCENTIVES For Richardson, a twenty- to fifty-fold increase in prices would provide
incentives to recycle.
→ Đối với Richardson, việc tăng giá gấp từ 20 đến 50 lần sẽ tạo ra động lực để người sử dụng thực hành
việc tái chế.
9. PERMIT Firstly, all existing supplies of helium ought to be conserved and released only by
permit
→ Thứ nhất, tất cả các nguồn cung cấp helium hiện có phải được bảo tồn và chỉ được cung cấp khi nhận
được sự cho phép.
10. REGULATORY AGENCY Secondly, conservation should be obligatory and enforced by a
regulatory agency
→ Thứ hai, việc bảo tồn cần được bắt buộc và thực thi bởi một cơ quan quản lý

Part 7
KEY

47 В. The author believed that his stories should be an inspiration for future people of science so he included
many ideas in his writing. (Sentence in the middle starting with ‘Gernsback was …’)

48 A. The ‘different process’ mentioned is how the clones are made — from various parts rather than grown.

49 C. Mark Twain is largely known for his non-science fiction books such as Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn.

50 A. The robots are those that threaten to make humanity extinct.

51 D. One but last sentence of Paragraph D explicitly states that the importance of such device would have
been enormous.

52 B. The paragraph states that the author’s name ‘has been immortalised in the annual science fiction
awards’.

53 B. ‘The mystifying title is itself a prediction of language used in text talk today’ suggests that author’s
contemporaries had trouble understanding the title of the book.

54 C. The character uses the sci-fi analogue of the modern Internet to communicate with other people,
unconfined by his prison cell.

55 D. ‘The long-running series’ is the only part that suggest it ran for a prolonged period of time to much joy
of the viewers.

56 A. The controversy is concern of many people how machines can become independent and cause
potential problems.

Part 8

11- I don’t wish to upstage you, but I have this to say.

Upstage someone: to take people’s attention away from someone and make them listen to or look at you
instead
12,The shops are just a stone’s throw away.
A stone’s throw (away): a short distance
13, I have learned the hard way not to trust people too much.
Learn something the hard way: to discover what you need to know through experience or by making
mistakes
14,You will keep it under your hat, won’t you?
Keep something under one’s hat: to keep something secret
15,Dad went off deep end when I told him about the fight.
Go off deep end: give way immediately to an emotional outburst, especially of anger.
16,Not only was he down at heel, but also a little drunk.
Be down at heel: wearing old clothes, or in bad condition, because of not having much money
17,Under no circumstances should you get the boss’s back up when we ask for a rise.
Get someone’s back up: to become or be caused to be angry, defensive
18,-The boss really brought Betty down a peg or two by saying she was the office junior.
Bring somebody down a peg or two: put somebody in their right position, say the real ability of somebody
19,-Billy was brought down to earth by having to earn his own living.
Be brought down to Earth: be shocked
20,-I’m only here on a flying visit; I’m due at the hospital shortly.
Be on a flying visit: be at somewhere for a short time

Test 18
Phần 1:
Part 1: For questions 6-10, listen to the radio programme. Decide whether the information in each
sentence is true (T) or false (F). You will hear it TWICE.
6. Andy says his job doesn’t feel like hard work.
7. Cedar Point in Ohio has life-sized moving dinosaurs.
8. On a wing coaster the track is next to you, not under you.
9. Ocean Park in Hong Kong has sea animals but no rides.
10. A dark ride is a ride inside a building.
Your answers:
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 2: You will hear part of a radio interview in which Harry and Jennifer, two members of an after-
work adult drama class, are asked about their reasons for attending the class . For questions 11-15,
choose the answer (А, В, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. You will hear it TWICE.
11. How does Jennifer feel about working with strangers in the class?
A. resigned to the need for it B. doubtful about the value of it
C. relaxed in her attitude towards it D. excited at the thought of it
12. According to Harry, the improvisation sessions
A. require some careful preparation B. enable him to use his imagination
C. allow him to show his acting talent D. encourage him to relate to the group
13. What does Jennifer say about improvisation?
A. It is important not to make a mistake
B. It is necessary to be aware of the timing
C. You should be familiar with the character you invent
D. You need to be completely involved in the activity
14. In Jennifer’s opinion, playing written parts will
A. be less challenging than improvisation
B. include research into previous performances
C. involve guidance from an expert
D. lead to competition for parts
15. Harry was annoyed because the newcomer to the group
A. interrupted the class by arriving late
B. was reluctant to participate
C. seemed unaware of the mood of the group
D. wasted the tea break with pointless questions
Your answers:
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
Part 3: You will hear part of a scientific television programme for young people in which the speaker
explains what meteors are. For questions 16-25, complete the sentences. Write NO MORE THAN THREE
WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer in the corresponding numbered boxes. You will hear it
TWICE.
 ‘Meteors’ is another name for 16 ________________.
 To help explain meteors, planet Earth is compared to a 17 _______________.
 You can think of meteors as a group of 18 _______________.
 In reality, meteors are very small chunks of 19 _______________.
 The circular path the Earth travels around the Sun is called its 20_____________.
 The Earth comes close to a meteor, the meteor is pulled 21 _______________by gravity.
 A meteor travels very fast – a hundred times faster than 22_______________.
 Due to the speed it travels through the air, the meteor becomes 23___________.
 Because of the heat, the meteor becomes less hard, 24 ____________ and then burns.
 We are lucky that most meteors burn up and never 25 ______________.
Your answers:
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

Phần 2
Part 1:PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS
Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentences:
1. I’ve been _____ at this report for hours. I’m really fed up with it.
A. slogging away B. stowing away C. whittling away D. surfing away
2. The anaesthetic is _____ and my mouth is beginning to feel quite sore now.
A. dozed off B. wearing off C. tipping off D. rocketing off
3. There have been many complaints that universities are _____ their degree courses in order to attract
more students.
A. pelting down B. playing down C. dumbing down D. coming down
4. When parents are stressed at work, they sometimes _____their children.
A. take it out on B. miss it out on C. have it in for D. make it out of
5. Being spoken to like that really took me _____.
A. away B. on C. through D. aback
6. Therefore, _____ accordance with our regulations, you will be issued with a formal written warning.
A. on B. at C. in D. for
7. Our aunt is really intolerant _____ anyone who has a different point of view to her own.
A. on B. at C. with D. of
8. I think that _____ the circumstances it would be a good idea if you stayed at home for a few days.
A. under B. on C. at D. over
9. Following the financial scandal he left the job _____ disgrace.
A. on B. in C. for D. with
10. We solved the problem …………………. a new device developed by our engineers.
A. by means of B. by means C. by means to D. by mean of

B. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS

Choose the best word or phrase which best completes the following sentences. Write your answer in
the corresponding numbered boxes.
1. A …………………….. of dirt and oil lay over the surface of the pond.
A. piece B. film C. charm D. flock
2. You can’t simply ………………. the blame on the government whenever things go wrong.
A. put B. give C. lay D. press
3. The company offered to pay in ………………………., so in this way we would not have to wait until
work is done to get our money.
A. advance B. arrears C. purchase D. full
4. Janet gushed over the sculpture in the antique shop, but Kevin thought that the craftsmanship was merely
run of the mill.
A. He thinks that it is of exceptionally high quality.
B. He thinks that it is marked by creativity or originality.
C. He thinks that it is too expensive for the average person too afford.
D. He thinks that it is low quality, common or ordinary.
5. After Michael missed three shots in a row and passed the ball to a player on the other team, the boys were
only up by two and they suspected that Michael would be the Achilles' heel of the team.
A. Michael performs well under pressure.
B. Michael is a valuable contributor to the team.
C. Michael is a weakness in an otherwise strong entity.
D. Michael inspires others to succeed.
6. Lyle chose Marco for his partner, thinking that it would be fun to work with his best friend, but now that
the project was due tomorrow and the boys had nothing done, Lyle realized that he should have hitched his
………………… to a different wagon.
A. dog B. horse C. camel D. bull
7. While Kristie's cake pops are both delicious and artistic, nobody can ………………. a candle to her pecan
pie.
A. hold B. lit C. blow D. make
8. Don't be such a..............Thomas. It will work. There will be no problems," Mary said to her husband as
she tried to convince him to buy laminate flooring for the back bedroom.
A. doubting B. quirky C. mistrusting D. wavering
9. The school staff needs new …………….. in order to bring in novel ideas.
A. thing B. blood C. employees D. offices
10. Could I pick your …………… on the subject before the meeting?
A. intellect B. mind C. head D. brains
Your answer

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 2
In the following passage, there are 10 mistakes. Identify and correct the mistakes. (1pt/each)
Line1 Scientists have estimated that influenza viruses are taken from man can cause the disease in
Line 2 animals. In addition, man can catch the disease from animals. In fact, a great amount of wild
Line 3 birds seem to carry the virus without showing some evidence of illnesses. Some scientists
Line 4 conclude that a large family of influenza viruses may have evolved in the bird kingdom, a
Line 5 group that has been on the earth for 100 million years and is able to carry the virus without
Line 6 attracting the disease. There is even convincing evidence to show that virus strains are
Line 7 transmited from place to place and from continent to continent by migrating birds.
Line 8 It is known that two influenza viruses can recombine when all are present in an animal at the
Line 9 same time. The result of such recombinations is a great variety of strains containing different
Line 10 H and N spikes. This rises the possibility that a human influenza virus can recombine with an
Line 11 influenza virus from a lower animal produce an entirely new spike. Research is underway to
Line 12 determine if that is the way that major new strains come into being. Other possibility is that
Line 13 two animal influenza strains may recombine in a pig, for example, to produce a new strain
Line 14 which is transmitted from man.

Part 3: Read the passages and choose the best option (A, B, C, or D) for each bank space.
PASSAGE A:
After a four-decade-long career, Tri has not lost his passion for (1) _____ antique radios and cassette players
to retain the (2) _____ memory of vintage sounds. The repair shop of 67-year-old technician Tri catches the
eye of passers-by with its old-school (3) _____ that has been kept from the early post-war years.
Tri learned the trade of radio repair from his brother and has kept the heritage alive in his shop for the past
40 years.
In recent years, the shop has seen a significant (4) _____ in its customer base, leaving only a few loyal
visitors. Because of the slowdown, Tri has had to (5) ______ working as a ‘xe om’ motorbike taxi driver as
a side job to support his family. “Yet, I still want to keep the shop running to cure the ‘disease’ for them
[the radios] and let the old sounds have their own world,” Tri said.
He stores a (6) _____ of vintage pieces and gadgets from the past century in the mere two-square-meter area
of his kiosk. The technician has acquired (7) _____ experience in repairing virtually every product line (8)
_____ of radios and cassette players. No matter how much time or effort it takes, he never fails to figure out
the issue and find the right spare parts to fix his customers' devices.
According to Tri, there are two options for repairing a radio, depending on the condition of the device:
recovery or replacement. In the shop, there have been instances of antique, seemingly can-not-be-(9) _____
devices that were brought back to (10) ______ thanks to Tri's diligence. Tri said the avid collectors as well
as the people who fix radio devices find it too hard to give up the antique equipment for new tech pieces.
[...]
1. A. reassuring B. reusing C. rejuvenating D. reselling
2. A. loathsome B. execrated C. hostile D. treasured
3. A. signature B. signings C. assignment D. signage
4. A. downswing B. disparity C. incandescence D. non-aggression
5. A. salted away B. put by C. blotted out D. ushering in
6. A. shortage B. dearth C. many D. plethora
7. A. hands-down B. onhand C. hands-on D. hands-free
8. A. over the counter B. on the back C. in the realm D. at the coalface
9. A. salvaged B. retrieved C. relinquished D. ditched
10. A. society B. life C. day D. Heart
Part 4: Read the following passage. Fill each blank with ONE suitable word. Write your answers in the
numbered blanks provided below the passage. (15 points)
It is often said that the British talk about the weather more than any (1) ________ people in the world; some
extremists claim that they talk about nothing else. But in fact, even in countries with (2)________ less
changeable climates than Britain’s, the weather is an endless, if not varied, source of conversational folder.
This seems only natural when you (3)________ that the weather is one of the few things we all have in
(4)________. It affects our senses, and even our moods, so directly and, at times, so intensely that it is only
natural we should talk about it. After several days (5)________ even weeks of dark, gloomy weather, a
bright day tends to bring about the best in everyone; people recognize the relief (6)________ others’
expressions which they feel inside themselves, and (7)________ it hard to resist commenting on a change
which is having such an evident (8)________ on everyone. “Nice day, isn’t it?” is much more than simply a
comment on the state of the weather; it is a comment on the human state (9)________, an acknowledgement
that the tenability of our place in the universe (10)________ on the existence of a community of human
feeling.

Part 5
Read the passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions. (15 points)
Archaeological records-paintings, drawings, and carvings of humans engaged in activities involving the use
of hands - indicate that humans have been predominantly right-handed for more than 5,000 years. In ancient
Egyptian artwork, for example, the right hand is depicted as the dominant one in about 90 percent of the
examples. Fracture or wear patterns on tools also indicate that a majority of ancient people were right-
handed.
Cro-Magnon cave paintings some 27,000 years old commonly show outlines of human hands made by
placing one hand against the cave wall and applying paint with the other. Children today make similar
outlines of their hands with crayons on paper. With few exceptions, left hands of Cro-Magnons are
displayed on cave walls, indicating that the paintings were usually done by right-handers. Anthropological
evidence pushes the record of handedness in early human ancestors back to at least 1.4 million years ago.
One important line of evidence comes from flaking patterns of stone cores used in toolmaking: implements
flaked with a clockwise motion (indicating a right-handed toolmaker) can be distinguished from those flaked
with a counter-clockwise rotation (indicating a left-handed toolmaker).
Even scratches found on fossil human teeth offer clues. Ancient humans are thought to have cut meat into
strips by holding it between their teeth and slicing it with stone knives, as do the present-day Inuit.
Occasionally the knives slip and leave scratches on the users' teeth. Scratches made with a left-to-right
stroke direction (by right-handers) are more common than scratches in the opposite direction (made by left-
handers).
Still other evidence comes from cranial morphology: scientists think that physical differences between the
right and left sides of the interior of the skull indicate subtle physical differences between the two sides of
the brain. The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform
specific activities. Such studies, as well as studies of tool use, indicate that right- or left-sided dominance is
not exclusive to modern Homo sapiens. Populations of Neanderthals, such as Homo erectus and Homo
habilis, seem to have been predominantly right-handed, as we are.

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Human ancestors became predominantly right-handed when they began to use tools.
B. It is difficult to interpret the significance of anthropological evidence concerning tool use.
C. Humans and their ancestors have been predominantly right-handed for over a million years.
D. Human ancestors were more skilled at using both hands than modern humans.
2. What does the author say about Cro-Magnon paintings of hands?
A. Some are not very old.
B. It is unusual to see such paintings.
C. Many were made by children.
D. The artists were mostly right-handed.
3. The word "depicted" in the first paragraph refers to ________.
A. written B. portrayed C. referred D. mentioned
4. When compared with implements "flaked with a counter-clockwise rotation”, it can be inferred that
"implements flaked with a clockwise motion" are ______.
A. more common B. larger
C. more sophisticated D. older
5. The word "cranial morphology" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.
A. the form of crane B. the form of study
C. the study of physical bodies D. the study of skulls
6. The fact that the Inuit cut meat by holding it between their teeth is significant because ______.
A. the relationship between handedness and scratches on fossil human teeth can be verified
B. it emphasizes the differences between contemporary humans and their ancestors
C. the scratch patterns produced by stone knives vary significantly from patterns produced by
modern knives
D. it demonstrates that ancient humans were not skilled at using tools
7. The word "hemispheres" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.
A. differences B. sides C. activities D. studies
8. Why does the author mention Homo erectus and Habilis in the last paragraph?
A. To contrast them with modern humans
B. To explain when human ancestors began to make tools
C. To show that early humans were also predominantly right-handed
D. To prove that the population of Neanderthals was very large
9. All of the following are mentioned as types of evidence concerning handedness EXCEPT _______.
A. ancient artwork B. asymmetrical skulls
C. studies of tool use D. fossilized hand bones
10. Which of the following conclusions is suggested by the evidence from cranial morphology?
A. Differences in the hemispheres of the brain probably came about relatively recently
B. There may be a link between handedness and differences in the brain's hemispheres.
C. Left-handedness was somewhat more common among Neanderthals.
D. Variation between the brain's hemispheres was not evident in the skulls of Homo erectus and
Homo habilis.
Part 4: Read the passage and do the tasks that follow. (15 points)
THE EVOLUTION OF LANGUAGE
A. Language everywhere changes over time; it has to. A central reason that necessitates modification is to
allow for developments in our world to be expressed. For example, the technological revolution alone has
been responsible for the addition of a plethora of words to our vocabulary: hard drive, software, modem to
name just a few. The Japanese writing script katakana, which was originally introduced in the 9th century as
a means by which Buddhist monks could correctly interpret Chinese pronunciations, is now most commonly
used to embrace foreign words for which there is no original Japanese character; pizza or hamburger for
example. Likewise the western world’s exposure to and familiarity with foreign cultures now means that
words such as sushi, nam bread and kebab, for example, are used by diners on a regular basis.
B. However, expansion of our vocabulary is just one element involved in how and why language evolves.
Given the variation of dialects or regional accents present in most language systems, it is clear that an
individual’s interpretation of what is actually correct and commonly used will vary quite dramatically, since
this perception is based upon a combination of factors including the age, educational level and region of the
country a person is from. As we go about our daily lives and interact with others from different backgrounds
and experiences, the language we hear is often taken on board and incorporated into the way in which we
communicate ourselves. Many phrases with American origins are now commonplace in British English for
example, due to the frequency with which they are heard on television and in the movies.
C. Changes in language are often driven by the young and many such changes are commonly considered by
older people to be a disintegration of standards rather than an evolution and an improvement. Let’s consider
an Americanism commonly used by youngsters in all pans of the English speaking world. Used as an
alternative to “Tom said…” it is now commonplace to hear “Tom goes, the pay rise was unacceptable.” or,
“Tom was all, the pay rise was unacceptable.”; much to the horror of many traditionalists. However, this
modification could also be considered to be adding to and not detracting from our ability to communicate
effectively. To illustrate, let’s consider the original phrase “Tom said”; it is used solely to show’ the listener
that we are reporting the words of Tom, while the modern variation, “Tom goes” has literally the same
meaning. However, if the speaker chooses instead to use the latter phrase, “Tom was all”, they are also able
to convey the message that Tom had an emotional reaction to the situation they are reporting, therefore a
much more effective method of communicating information has been created, some may say. However,
should the now’ commonly used texting abbreviations such as ‘gr8t’ (great) and ‘l8r’ (later) become
permanent replacements of the original words, it is likely that even the most liberal amongst us would be
horrified.
D. Variations on language are usually more readily accepted into informal language prior to them being
absorbed for use in formal writing. Examples of words that we now commonly use, but were once
considered incorrect, are ‘pea’ and ‘hopefully’. Let’s take pea; it derived from the word ‘pease’, which being
an uncountable noun has the same form regardless of whether one or more pease were being spoken about.
However, this was commonly overlooked and misunderstood, and through error the singular form of the
vegetable became ‘pea’. More recently ‘hopefully’ was considered by many to be an inappropriate
alternative to ‘I hope’; at best only accepted in informal use. The word hopefully is now’ fully acceptable in
both informal speech and formal writing.
E. Some people believe that traditional usages of language are always more superior and refined than
modern variations even when the reasons behind the rule were dubious in the first place. For example, it was
once seriously frowned upon to split an infinitive in a sentence and even today it is considered
grammatically incorrect to do so. To demonstrate, let’s consider the following sentence: ‘The examiner
asked me to quietly leave the room’; this was considered incorrect as the word ‘quietly’ splits the infinitive
of the verb ‘to leave’. The origins of this rule hail back to the 17th century when scholars believed that the
English language should be adapted to follow the rules of Latin; then considered the perfect language. Since
splitting infinitives in Latin is impossible, it was decided that splitting infinitives in English, even though
possible, was not acceptable, Given that initial motivations behind the rule were questionable and the clarity
of meaning of the sentence is not compromised in the ‘incorrect’ form, it could be argued that this grammar
rule is a prime example of an unnecessary sanction which is likely to be abandoned in the future.
F. As language evolves, changes in grammar structures which would result in confusion of the actual
meaning of the sentences are unlikely; however, the meanings of words are often modified or altered beyond
recognition by different generations and can be easily misinterpreted by other social groups. Take, for
example, the modern version of the word ‘bad’ meaning ‘great’ when used in contemporary slang. Many
slang words remain dated in the era in which they are developed, for example words like ‘to beef, meaning
to complain (introduced in the 1920’s) are not only dated but may not even be understood in a modern
context, while others such as ‘guy’ become absorbed into mainstream language. Who knows what future
generations will add to the ever changing environment of communication?
Questions 1 – 4
Reading the passage and choose the correct heading for paragraphs B, C, E and F from the list of headings
below.
List of Headings
i. Historical acceptance of change
ii. The Generation Gap
iii. Influences on speech
iv. Ancient writing in Asia
v. Cultural evolution and its impact on language
vi. Slang expected in the future
vii. Questioning logic
viii. Lifespan of vocabulary
Example: Paragraph A; Answer: v
1. Paragraph B
2. Paragraph C
Example: Paragraph D; Answer: i
3. Paragraph E
4. Paragraph F
Questions 5 – 7
Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?
Write:
YES if the statement reflects the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
5. If language were static, it would negatively affect our ability to incorporate other cultures into our
own way of life.
6. The language we grow up knowing and that we adopt through new experiences have equal effects on
the way we speak.
7. All modern adaptations of language are suitable for mainstream use.
Questions 8 – 10
Complete the summary of paragraphs E and F with the list of words A-H below.
Some grammar rules such as avoiding 8. ____________ are deeply entrenched in history and were created
by academics who wished to perfect the English language. It is likely, however, since they do not affect the
9. ______________ of the sentence that such rules are likely to be 10. ______________ in the future. In the
same way, many contemporary words in common usage today are likely to become defunct.

A. Slang
B. Split infinitives
C. Grammatically incorrect
D. Meaning
D. Recognition
F. Disregarded
G. Misinterpreted
H. Confusion

Part 7
You are going to read four movie series reviews. For questions 47-56, choose from the sections of the article
(A-D). The sections may be chosen more than once.

Which reviewer(s) …

47 states the film he liked least?

48 mentions the difficulty in following the story plot?

49 criticises how one of the directors managed the film production?

50 gives importance to how the characters respond to some tragic events?

51 supports a venue’s decision to run the film?

52 implies that the film will not appeal to a certain group of people?

53 liked the acting?

54 wouldn’t have noticed that the trilogy was meant for TV viewers?

55 suggests how some people may find it difficult to understand?

56 says one film is good thanks to the feelings of one of the characters?

Red Riding Trilogy

A
The “Red Riding” films all come across as great, gritty tales of police corruption and human failing, but it’s
the first film that has the most impact, mainly because the young reporter Dunford is such a mix of romantic
notions — he’s going to solve the crime and save the girl. Such optimism runs dead against reality in these
films. Mix the best episodes of the superb British crime series “Prime Suspect” with the current real-feel
cinema (“Fish Tank”) coming out of England and you’ve got a sense of what “Red Riding” is about. The
key isn’t the murders; the key is the reactions to the murders on a breadth of levels, and those reactions lay
bare gray and grave souls. Each film works well separately, although 1983 is necessarily dependent on 1974,
but taken as one great sweep of a dark hand, “Red Riding” stands as a wrenching tale of power abused and
lives discarded. It is powerful stuff.

В
Red Riding is a challenge. The convoluted story is not easily summarized and it demands constant viewer
attention. A two-minute trip to the lavatory or snack bar can be deadly. For American audiences, there is an
additional problem: some of the accents are so thick that it can be difficult to decipher dialogue and entire
passages may be missed. I’m generally not in favor of subtitling English movies in English, but this is one
occasion when such an approach might have been helpful. There are times when the movie is slow going.
Patience is rewarded not only in the second half of this film, when the violence mounts and secrets are
revealed, but during the subsequent productions, when a degree of familiarity with the initial narrative bears
fruit. Red Riding: 1974 is the weakest of the three Red Riding films, but it is effective at setting the stage,
introducing some of the characters, and capturing the attention of those who love gritty, uncompromising
dramas about police corruption and the dark side of human nature.

C
There’s a good reason the indie-minded Zeitgeist Multi-Disciplinary Arts Center has turned over its
programming for the next three weeks to the superb and ambitious “Red Riding” film trilogy: because “Red
Riding” isn’t so much a film series as it is a film event, and it deserves to be treated as such. Inspired by
author David Peace’s neo-noir “Red Riding Quartet” novels, it is ambitious, it is gripping and it is dark. It’s
also entirely irresistible cinema, an uncompromising and hard-to-turn-away-from nightmare in three acts.
With its muted colours but unmuted violence, the beautifully shot “Red Riding” is similar both tonally and
texturally to David Fincher’s superb 2007 thriller “Zodiac” about another 1970s serial killer. It’s also just as
disturbing. “Red Riding” is so richly produced, in fact, and so cinematic, that it’s easy to forget it and its
sister films were produced for British television, airing on England’s Channel 4 last spring. This is movie
that deserves to be seen in a theatre.

D
Buoyed by very strong performances and a deliberate, grim style, the first installment in the acclaimed Red
Riding Trilogy, Red Riding 1974 sets the tone for the movies to come and makes clear that these are not
sunny days for the faint of heart. These are gloomy times; films not merely about the seedy underbelly of
society but the fact that the seedy underbelly keeps things moving. They have been compared to Zodiac but
they are more realistically grim than David Fincher’s masterpiece. The film can be a bit too self-serious at
times, director Julian Jarrold (Brideshead Revisited) would have been wise to focus on the procedural a bit
more than the lead’s dream sequences or moments of reflection, and the film’s television roots show on a
production level, but Red Riding 1974 is a well-made, expertly performed mystery with the added bonus
that there are two more films to watch when the first one’s over

Part 8
1. “ Because of this new evidence I have no alternative but to release you,” the judge told the accused.
( LIGHT)
 “______________________________________ I have no alternative but to release you,” the judge told
the accused.
2. It is important to know the difference between a joke and a lie. (DRAW)
It is important to know __________________________ between a joke and a lie.
3. The government recommends a balance of reward and punishment when dealing with young offenders.
(STICK)
 The government favours a ________________________________________to young offenders.
4. Let’s all work together, and we’ll finish the job very quickly. (NEXT)
 We’ll have this job done _______________________________ if we cooperate.
5.The guide book speaks highly of this hotel.SEAL
The guide book ........................................................................
6.He will be the one to accept responsibility for this affair.CAN
He ..................................................................................
7. I completely emptied the drawers but couldn’t find the address.
I turned the drawers ...........................................................................
8. That wasn’t what I meant at all. You’ve completely misunderstood me as usual (STICK)
 That wasn’t what I meant at all. You’ve………………………………………………
9. Going to and fro with al the cases is what I can’t stand about holidays
 It’s all……………………………………………………………………………..…..
10. If something’s worrying you, you should tell me about it now. chest
If you have a problem, why don’t you…………………………………………………..now?

Answer key

Phần 1:
Part 1
6. F 7. T 8. T 9. F 10. T
Part 2
11. C 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. C
Part 3
16. shooting 17. car 18.insects 19.iron 20.
stars orbit
21. 22.a jet plane 23. hotter and 24. melts 25. reach the
downwards hotter ground
Part 1: Theme parks
Interviewer: Good morning. Today we’re going to talk about theme parks and we’re going to hear from
Andy Wells who has written a guide to theme parks around the world. Welcome to the programme, Andy.
Andy: Hi, it’s good to be here.
Interviewer: You really have a dream job, don’t you, Andy? Flying round the world all the time, visiting
adventure parks ...Andy: Well, yes, it’s pretty exciting. But it’s really hard work too, you know.
Interviewer: I bet. So, what’s the number one theme park in the world?
Andy: That all depends what you’re looking for. In terms of numbers, it has to be Magic Kingdom at Disney
World in Florida, the most famous theme park. But the most popular park for people who like adventure
rides is Cedar Point in Ohio, USA. It has the biggest number of roller coasters in one park, 17, and three
water rides. There are lots of other attractions too. Last year they introduced 50 nimatronic dinosaurs. You
know, life-size models that move and look real.
Interviewer: Cool! Have they got anything lined up for this year?
Andy: Yeah, there’s a new rollercoaster called the Gatekeeper. Well, actually it’s not a rollercoaster, it’s a
wingcoaster. It’ll be the biggest in the world.
Interviewer: What’s a wingcoaster?
Andy: With a normal rollercoaster you are sitting on a seat with the track under you. With a wingcoaster the
seats kind of stick out at the side so the passengers have nothing below or above them. You feel as if you’re
flying.
Interviewer: So it’s more frightening?
Andy: More exciting! Way more exciting.
Interviewer: What other attractions have you seen recently?
Andy: I’ve just been to The Wizarding World of Harry Potter at the Islands of Adventure in Orlando,
Florida. It’s great! You know those shops that sell magic sweets and things in the Harry Potter books? Well,
they have those, just like you’ve imagined. There’s a fantastic tour of Hogwarts School where you meet
characters from the books. It’s so well done.
Interviewer: Right, sounds interesting. In your book you have a lot of theme parks in Asia too. Can you tell
us about them?
Andy: Sure. Tokyo has had a Disneyland for quite a long time, which attracts a lot of people. Ocean Park in
Hong Kong has also been going for a long time – that has a lot of marine animals as well as rides. Lotte
World, a huge park in South Korea, has the world’s biggest indoor theme park. And then there’s Universal
Studios in Singapore. That’s expanding with additions to its New York street section. There’s going to be a
Sesame Street dark ride. A dark ride’s a ride inside a building.
Interviewer: I see. New York in Singapore?
Andy: Yeah, it’s weird, but it works. But the place to watch at the moment is China – they’re really
expanding. Lots more parks will open in China in the next few years, including another one with dinosaurs
in the north, and Ocean Kingdom in the south. That will have the world’s longest roller coaster and tallest
Ferris wheel, as well as boat rides and a night-time zoo.
Interviewer: Wow, so that’s opening soon?
Andy: Yes, this year. I’ll be there!
Interviewer: Have a ride for me, then.
Part 2: Interviewer: I gather these drama courses which you are attending have really given you a new
lease of life. Jennifer, can you try and explain the fascination you derive from a hard three-hour session at
the college after a full day’s work?
Jennifer: Above all, each session is fun, it energizes me. I actually go home with more energy on a Tuesday
than any other day of the week. The reason is simple, I feel alive after the drama classes. At first I wasn’t
sure if I would enjoy the course; you have to relate to the others in the group. In fact most of the work is in
small groups or at least in pairs and obviously the natural barriers between strangers exist. I can honestly say
that from the first evening this did not bother me , and I’m not an extrovert by nature. In fact, if anything,
I’m rather shy and reserved.
Interviewer: And what about you, Harry?
Harry: Well, as far as I’m concerned, drama classes have freed me, they’ve allowed me to be creative and
successful in so many ways that I’m not, usually. I particularly enjoy the sessions when we jus t create
something out of nothing, we improvise. There is usually some time in the evening when we make up either
a character or a conversation or a situation and act that out with the others. The spontaneous nature of
improvisation is what’s so appealing to me
Jennifer: You can’t ‘get it wrong’, you’re having a go, that’s all. I mean you just stand up and become
another person for five minutes; perhaps you’re like yourself or totally different, that doesn’t matter. What
counts is that you take on a new personality, and you actually become that person. And, since you invent the
part, you can’t be out of character and it’s impossible to make mistakes . I expect this will change when we
move onto text, won’t it, Harry?
Harry: Yes, yes, I’m really looking forward to using text in the classes and even to learning lines. I just find
some text fascinating and can’t wait to really work on it. Of course it will be different from improvisation,
where we make up the parts we play, but I know you can lose yourself in a part, and playing it your way is
going to be the challenge.
Jennifer: Obviously, a specific part will be open to interpretation and a director may want you to do it in a
certain way Imagine playing a Shakespearean hero or heroine, well, there are bound to be different ways of
saying those famous lines and the actor or actress may not agree with the director, but this is a stage we
haven’t reached yet. For the moment, it’s about overcoming self-consciousness and learning to be sensitive.
Last week we had a new person
in the group and it became really clear that he hadn’t tuned in to the way in which the classes work, you
know, it was embarrassing really, he overdid it and tried to dominate the group, he didn’t wait and watch
and listen. This was when it struck me that we’ve been learning to listen to each other and to respond
accordingly and of course you bring yourself into it, but not too much and not too inappropriately.
Harry: I couldn’t agree more. He actually asked me personal questions which were intrusive and could have
been saved for the tea break. I found it off the point and distracting. Well, I suppose he felt awkward too, but
if I’ve learned anything this term, it’s not to jump in, but to take my time and allow the others time by being
patient when they are struggling with, for example, creating an unfamiliar character. The group has to
develop together and the newcomer was an outsider [20]. I guess it wasn’t his fault, but he didn’t seem
interested in learning from the situation. That’s probably what annoyed me.
Jennifer: I’d be surprised if he came again. He didn’t look comfortable.
Interviewer: Would you say this receptiveness to each other is the key lesson so far, Jennifer?
Part 3 You will hear part of a scientific television programme for young peole in which the speaker explains
what meteors are.
Even if you have never watched the sky at night, you probably know what you would see if you did. The
view is best on a night with no moon. You stare upwards into the inky blackness over which are scattered
millions of tiny points of light. These, of course, are the stars. Then just as you’re beginning to get bored
with this unchanging scene, a tiny white streak of light shoots across the sky. It’s going too fast to be a
plane. Then two seconds later you see another one. What you are witnessing is the beginning of a shower of
meteors or shooting stars.
To understand what is happening, it helps us to imagine a car driving fast along the road. In a way, our
planet Earth is like that car. As it is racing along, it comes towards a large group of insects all flying together
just above the road.
Now, not all the insects are hit by the car, but several of them crash into the car’s windscreen with an
unpleasant noise. In many ways, the meteors are similar to the swarm of insects, although they aren’t really
animals. In fact, meteors are mostly tiny pieces of iron that look like little stones.
In a similar way, the Earth is not really moving along a road. But it does follow the same circular route
around the sun once every year. This enormous circular path is called the Earth’s are in orbits like this as
well. Now there are small groups of those stones waiting in certain places along the Earth’s route around
the sun. some of them are fixed in one orbit while others are moving around the sun in their own orbits.
Once every year, the Earth’s circular path around the sun takes us through some of these groups of little
rocks.
Now, when the earth approaches one of these stones, it is pulled downwards towards our planet by a strong
force called gravity. And when the meteor starts to rush towards the ground, a shooting star is born.
Normally, as shooting stars fall, they are travelling at speeds of 10km every second. This is about a hundred
times faster than a jet plane. However, before the meteor can reach the Earth, it must go through the air
around it- the atmosphere. Now, because it is going through the air so fast, the shooting star starts to become
hotter and hotter and the air around it gets very hot too. This is a bit like the heard of a match rubbing along
the side of a matchbox. Now, very soon the outside of this piece of iron gets very hot indeed and, as a result,
it gets soft and melts and then starts to burn. So, as this hot little rock rushes through the atmosphere, it
leaves a tail of hot burning metal and flames behind it. This is the bright streak we can see from the ground –
100km below. Yes, you see, fortunately for us, most meteors are so small that they have completely burned
up long before they could ever reach the ground – which is just as well because, otherwise, we could need to
carry rather stronger umbrellas!

Part 1: A.
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D
6. C 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. A

1. I’ve been _____ at this report for hours. I’m really fed up with it.
A. slogging away B. stowing away C. whittling away D. surfing away
slog (away) at something=miệt mài; say sưa; cặm cụi làm việc
2. The anaesthetic is _____ and my mouth is beginning to feel quite sore now.
A. dozed off B. wearing off C. tipping off D. rocketing off
wear off=If a feeling or the effect of something wears off, it gradually disappears
3. There have been many complaints that universities are _____ their degree courses in order to attract
more students.
A. pelting down B. playing down C. dumbing down D. coming down
double down (on sth)=to continue to do something in an even more determined way than before
4. When parents are stressed at work, they sometimes _____their children.
A. take it out on B. miss it out on C. have it in for D. make it out of
take it out on= treat someone badly because you are upset or angry, even if they have done nothing wrong
5. Being spoken to like that really took me _____.
A. away B. on C. through D. aback
take sb aback=to surprise or shock someone so much that they do not know how to behave for a short time
6. Therefore, _____ accordance with our regulations, you will be issued with a formal written warning.
A. on B. at C. in D. for
In accordance with= theo”, "tuân theo", “phù hợp với”
7. Our aunt is really intolerant _____ anyone who has a different point of view to her own.
A. on B. at C. with D. of
Intolerant of= disapproving of or refusing to accept ideas or ways of behaving that are different from your
own
8. I think that _____ the circumstances it would be a good idea if you stayed at home for a few days.
A. under B. on C. at D. over
under the circumstances= in this specific situation
9. Following the financial scandal he left the job _____ disgrace.
A. on B. in C. for D. with
In disgrace = embarrassment and the loss of other people's respect, or behaviour that causes this
10. We solved the problem …………………. a new device developed by our engineers.
A. by means of B. by means C. by means to D. by mean of
. by means of= bằng cách,với
B.

1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. C
6. B 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. D
1. A …………………….. of dirt and oil lay over the surface of the pond.
A. piece B. film C. charm D. flock
2. You can’t simply ………………. the blame on the government whenever things go wrong.
A. put B. give C. lay D. press
lay the blame/responsibility (for something) on =to say that someone or something deserves to be considered
responsible for something that has happened
3. The company offered to pay in ………………………., so in this way we would not have to wait until
work is done to get our money.
A. advance B. arrears C. purchase D. full
in advance=before a particular time, or before doing a particular thing:
4. Janet gushed over the sculpture in the antique shop, but Kevin thought that the craftsmanship was merely
run of the mill.
A. He thinks that it is of exceptionally high quality.
B. He thinks that it is marked by creativity or originality.
C. He thinks that it is too expensive for the average person too afford.
D. He thinks that it is low quality, common or ordinary.
run-of-the-mill=ordinary and not special or exciting in any way:
5. After Michael missed three shots in a row and passed the ball to a player on the other team, the boys were
only up by two and they suspected that Michael would be the Achilles' heel of the team.
A. Michael performs well under pressure.
B. Michael is a valuable contributor to the team.
C. Michael is a weakness in an otherwise strong entity.
 D. Michael inspires others to succeed.
Achilles heel=a small problem or weakness in a person or system that can result in failure
6. Lyle chose Marco for his partner, thinking that it would be fun to work with his best friend, but now that
the project was due tomorrow and the boys had nothing done, Lyle realized that he should have hitched his
………………… to a different wagon.
A. dog B. horse C. camel D. bull
Hitched his horse to a different wagon= Start living with someone else, found a new partner
7. While Kristie's cake pops are both delicious and artistic, nobody can ………………. a candle to her pecan
pie.
A. hold B. lit C. blow D. make

can't hold a candle to=to not be as good as the person or thing mentioned:
8. Don't be such a..............Thomas. It will work. There will be no problems," Mary said to her husband as
she tried to convince him to buy laminate flooring for the back bedroom.
A. doubting B. quirky C. mistrusting D. wavering
doubting Thomas=a person who refuses to believe anything until they are shown proof
9. The school staff needs new …………….. in order to bring in novel ideas.
A. thing B. blood C. employees D. offices
new blood=people with a lot of energy or fresh ideas who are brought into an organization in order to
improve it
10. Could I pick your …………… on the subject before the meeting?
A. intellect B. mind C. head D. brains 'Pick someone's brain'
có từ pick là chọn lọc, nhặt nhạnh, và brain là bộ óc. Thành ngữ này có nghĩa là nhặt nhạnh các thứ trong óc
của một người, tức là hỏi người đó để thu thập thông tin cho mìn

Part 2
1. are taken => taken/ which are taken (line 1)
2. amount => number (line 2)
3. some evidence => any evidence (line 3)
4. attracting => contracting (line 5)
5. transmited => transmitted (line 6)
6. all => both (line 8)
7. rises => raises (line 10)
8. produce => to produce (line 11)
9. Other => Another (line 12)
10. from => to (line 14)

Part 3
After a four-decade-long career, Tri has not lost his passion for (1) _____ antique radios and cassette players
to retain the (2) _____ memory of vintage sounds. The repair shop of 67-year-old technician Tri catches the
eye of passers-by with its old-school (3) _____ that has been kept from the early post-war years.
Tri learned the trade of radio repair from his brother and has kept the heritage alive in his shop for the past
40 years.
In recent years, the shop has seen a significant (4) _____ in its customer base, leaving only a few loyal
visitors. Because of the slowdown, Tri has had to (5) ______ working as a ‘xe om’ motorbike taxi driver as
a side job to support his family. “Yet, I still want to keep the shop running to cure the ‘disease’ for them
[the radios] and let the old sounds have their own world,” Tri said.
He stores a (6) _____ of vintage pieces and gadgets from the past century in the mere two-square-meter area
of his kiosk. The technician has acquired (7) _____ experience in repairing virtually every product line (8)
_____ of radios and cassette players. No matter how much time or effort it takes, he never fails to figure out
the issue and find the right spare parts to fix his customers' devices.
According to Tri, there are two options for repairing a radio, depending on the condition of the device:
recovery or replacement. In the shop, there have been instances of antique, seemingly can-not-be-(9) _____
devices that were brought back to (10) ______ thanks to Tri's diligence. Tri said the avid collectors as well
as the people who fix radio devices find it too hard to give up the antique equipment for new tech pieces.
[...]
1. A. reassuring B. Reusing C. rejuvenating D. reselling
Rejuvenate=/to make someone/stomething look or feel young and energetic again//make an organization or
system more effective by introducing new methods, ideas, or people
2. A. Loathsome B. execrated C. Hostile D. treasured
treasured memory= kho tàng ký ức
3. A. signature B. signings C. assignment D. signage
Signage= all the signs that advertise a product, etc.// signs that tell people what something is or where to go:
4. A. Downswing B. disparity C. incandescence D. non-aggression
Downswing= a reduction in the amount or success of something, such as a country's economic activity
5. A. salted away B. put by C. blotted out D. ushering in
usher sth in=to be at the start of a new period, especially when important changes or new things happen, or
to cause important changes to start happening:
6. A. shortage B. dearth C. many D. plethora
plethora=a large or excessive amount of (something).
7. A. hands-down B. onhand C. hands-on D. hands-free
Hands-on = actively involved with other people in making decisions and doing work//
obtained by doing something, not by reading about it or by watching it done
8. A. over the counter B. on the back C. in the realm D. at the coalface
In the realm of = an area of interest or activity
9. A. salvaged B. Retrieved C. Relinquished D. ditched
10. A. society B. life C. day D. Heart
Bring (someone or something) back to life” = lấy lại sự sống -> nghĩa là tái sinh, tu sửa, cải thiện lại cái gì;
cứu sống/tiếp thêm năng lượng cho ai.
Part 4: Read the text below and think of one word which best fits each space. Use only ONE WORD for
each space. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (15 pts)
1. other 2. far/much 3. consider 4. common 5. or
6. in 7. find 8. effect 9. itself 10. depends
/impact

Part 5

Read the passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions. (15 points)
1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. D
6. A 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. B

Archaeological records-paintings, drawings, and carvings of humans engaged in activities involving the use
of hands - indicate that humans have been predominantly right-handed for more than 5,000 years. In ancient
Egyptian artwork, for example, the right hand is depicted as the dominant one in about 90 percent of the
examples. Fracture or wear patterns on tools also indicate that a majority of ancient people were right-
handed.
Cro-Magnon cave paintings some 27,000 years old commonly show outlines of human hands made by
placing one hand against the cave wall and applying paint with the other. Children today make similar
outlines of their hands with crayons on paper. With few exceptions, left hands of Cro-Magnons are
displayed on cave walls, indicating that the paintings were usually done by right-handers. Anthropological
evidence pushes the record of handedness in early human ancestors back to at least 1.4 million years ago.
One important line of evidence comes from flaking patterns of stone cores used in toolmaking: implements
flaked with a clockwise motion (indicating a right-handed toolmaker) can be distinguished from those flaked
with a counter-clockwise rotation (indicating a left-handed toolmaker).
Even scratches found on fossil human teeth offer clues. Ancient humans are thought to have cut meat into
strips by holding it between their teeth and slicing it with stone knives, as do the present-day Inuit.
Occasionally the knives slip and leave scratches on the users' teeth. Scratches made with a left-to-right
stroke direction (by right-handers) are more common than scratches in the opposite direction (made by left-
handers).
Still other evidence comes from cranial morphology: scientists think that physical differences between the
right and left sides of the interior of the skull indicate subtle physical differences between the two sides of
the brain. The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform
specific activities. Such studies, as well as studies of tool use, indicate that right- or left-sided dominance is
not exclusive to modern Homo sapiens. Populations of Neanderthals, such as Homo erectus and Homo
habilis, seem to have been predominantly right-handed, as we are.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Human ancestors became predominantly right-handed when they began to use tools.
B. It is difficult to interpret the significance of anthropological evidence concerning tool use.
C. Humans and their ancestors have been predominantly right-handed for over a million years.
D. Human ancestors were more skilled at using both hands than modern
humans.
1. Ý chính của đoạn văn là gì?
A. Tổ tiên loài người chủ yếu thuận tay phải khi họ bắt đầu sử dụng các công cụ.
B. Rất khó để giải thích ý nghĩa của bằng chứng nhân học liên quan đến việc sử dụng công cụ.
C. Loài người và tổ tiên của họ chủ yếu thuận tay phải trong hơn một triệu năm.
D. Tổ tiên loài người sử dụng cả hai tay thành thạo hơn loài người hiện đại.
Clue: Archaeological records-paintings, drawings, and carvings of humans engaged in activities involving
the use of hands - indicate that humans have been predominantly right-handed for more than 5,000 years.
Hồ sơ khảo cổ học - các bức tranh, bản vẽ và chạm khắc của con người tham gia vào các hoạt động liên
quan đến sử dụng tay - chỉ ra rằng con người chủ yếu thuận tay phải trong hơn 5.000 năm.
2. What does the author say about Cro-Magnon paintings of hands?
A. Some are not very old.
B. It is unusual to see such paintings.
C. Many were made by children.
D. The artists were mostly right-handed.
2. Tác giả nói gì về những bức tranh vẽ bàn tay của Cro-Magnon?
A. Một số không phải là rất cũ.
B. Thật bất thường khi xem những bức tranh như vậy.
C. Nhiều người được tạo ra bởi trẻ em.
D. Các nghệ sĩ chủ yếu thuận tay phải.
Clue: With few exceptions, left hands of Cro-Magnons are displayed on cave walls, indicating that the
paintings were usually done by right-handers.
Với một số ngoại lệ, bàn tay trái của Cro-Magnons được hiển thị trên các bức tường hang động, cho thấy
rằng các bức tranh thường được thực hiện bởi những người thuận tay phải.
3. The word "depicted" in the first paragraph refers to ________.
A. written B. portrayed C. referred D. mentioned
Depict=portray= miêu tả
4. When compared with implements "flaked with a counter-clockwise rotation”, it can be inferred that
"implements flaked with a clockwise motion" are ______.
A. more common B. larger
C. more sophisticated D. older
Clue: One important line of evidence comes from flaking patterns of stone cores used in toolmaking:
implements flaked with a clockwise motion (indicating a right-handed toolmaker) can be distinguished from
those flaked with a counter-clockwise rotation (indicating a left-handed toolmaker).
5. The word "cranial morphology" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.
A. the form of crane B. the form of study
C. the study of physical bodies D. the study of skulls
5. Từ "hình thái sọ não" trong đoạn cuối gần nghĩa nhất với ______.
A. hình thức cần cẩu B. hình thức nghiên cứu
C. nghiên cứu các cơ thể vật chất D. nghiên cứu hộp sọ
6. The fact that the Inuit cut meat by holding it between their teeth is significant because ______.
A. the relationship between handedness and scratches on fossil human teeth can be verified
B. it emphasizes the differences between contemporary humans and their ancestors
 C. the scratch patterns produced by stone knives vary significantly from patterns produced by
modern knives
D. it demonstrates that ancient humans were not skilled at using tools
6. Việc người Inuit cắt thịt bằng cách kẹp giữa hai hàm răng của họ là rất quan trọng bởi vì ______.
A. mối quan hệ giữa thuận tay và vết xước trên răng người hóa thạch có thể được xác minh
B. nó nhấn mạnh sự khác biệt giữa con người đương thời và tổ tiên của họ
C. các mẫu xước do dao đá tạo ra khác nhau đáng kể so với các mẫu do dao hiện đại tạo ra
D. nó chứng tỏ rằng con người cổ đại không có kỹ năng sử dụng công cụ
Clue: Even scratches found on fossil human teeth offer clues. Ancient humans are thought to have cut meat
into strips by holding it between their teeth and slicing it with stone knives, as do the present-day Inuit.
Occasionally the knives slip and leave scratches on the users' teeth. Scratches made with a left-to-right
stroke direction (by right-handers) are more common than scratches in the opposite direction (made by left-
handers).
Ngay cả những vết xước được tìm thấy trên răng người hóa thạch cũng đưa ra manh mối. Người cổ đại được
cho là đã cắt thịt thành từng dải bằng cách kẹp giữa hai hàm răng và thái thịt bằng dao đá, giống như người
Inuit ngày nay. Đôi khi dao bị trượt và để lại vết xước trên răng của người sử dụng. Vết xước theo hướng từ
trái sang phải (của người thuận tay phải) thường phổ biến hơn vết xước theo hướng ngược lại (của người
thuận tay trái).

7. The word "hemispheres" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.

A. differences B. sides C. activities D. studies
8. Why does the author mention Homo erectus and Habilis in the last paragraph?
A. To contrast them with modern humans
B. To explain when human ancestors began to make tools
C. To show that early humans were also predominantly right-handed
D. To prove that the population of Neanderthals was very large
8. Tại sao tác giả nhắc đến Homo erectus và Habilis trong đoạn cuối?
A. Để đối chiếu họ với con người hiện đại
B. Để giải thích tổ tiên loài người bắt đầu chế tạo công cụ từ khi nào
C. Để chứng tỏ rằng con người thời kỳ đầu cũng chủ yếu thuận tay phải
D. Để chứng minh rằng dân số của người Neanderthal rất lớn
Clue: Populations of Neanderthals, such as Homo erectus and Homo habilis, seem to have been
predominantly right-handed, as we are.
Các quần thể người Neanderthal, chẳng hạn như Homo erectus và Homo habilis, dường như chủ yếu thuận
tay phải, giống như chúng ta.
9. All of the following are mentioned as types of evidence concerning handedness EXCEPT _______.
A. ancient artwork B. asymmetrical skulls
C. studies of tool use D. fossilized hand bones
9. Tất cả những điều sau đây được đề cập như là các loại bằng chứng liên quan đến sự thuận tay phải
NGOẠI TRỪ _______.
A. tác phẩm nghệ thuật cổ đại B. hộp sọ không đối xứng
C. nghiên cứu sử dụng công cụ D. xương bàn tay hóa thạch
Clue: Still other evidence comes from cranial morphology: scientists think that physical differences between
the right and left sides of the interior of the skull indicate subtle physical differences between the two sides
of the brain
Vẫn còn những bằng chứng khác đến từ hình thái sọ: các nhà khoa học cho rằng sự khác biệt vật lý giữa bên
phải và bên trái của phần bên trong hộp sọ cho thấy sự khác biệt tinh tế về thể chất giữa hai bên não
10. Which of the following conclusions is suggested by the evidence from cranial morphology?
A. Differences in the hemispheres of the brain probably came about relatively recently
B. There may be a link between handedness and differences in the brain's hemispheres.
C. Left-handedness was somewhat more common among Neanderthals.
D. Variation between the brain's hemispheres was not evident in the skulls of Homo erectus and
Homo habilis.

10. Kết luận nào sau đây được đưa ra bởi các bằng chứng từ hình thái sọ não?
A. Sự khác biệt trong các bán cầu não có thể xuất hiện tương đối gần đây
B. Có thể có mối liên hệ giữa thuận tay phải và sự khác biệt trong các bán cầu não.
C. Người Neanderthal thuận tay trái phổ biến hơn.
D. Sự khác biệt giữa các bán cầu não không được thấy rõ trong hộp sọ của Người Homo erectus và Người
Homo habilis.
Clue: The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform
specific activities.

Sự biến đổi giữa các bán cầu tương ứng với bên nào của cơ thể được sử dụng để thực hiện các hoạt động cụ
thể.’

Part 6: Read the passage and do the tasks that follow. (15 points)

1. iii
2. ii
3. vii
4. viii
5. YES
6. NOT GIVEN
7. NO
8. B
9. D
10. F
A. Language everywhere changes over time; it has to. A central reason that necessitates modification is to
allow for developments in our world to be expressed. For example, the technological revolution alone has
been responsible for the addition of a plethora of words to our vocabulary: hard drive, software, modem to
name just a few. The Japanese writing script katakana, which was originally introduced in the 9th century as
a means by which Buddhist monks could correctly interpret Chinese pronunciations, is now most commonly
used to embrace foreign words for which there is no original Japanese character; pizza or hamburger for
example. Likewise the western world’s exposure to and familiarity with foreign cultures now means that
words such as sushi, nam bread and kebab, for example, are used by diners on a regular basis.
B. iii. Influences on speech
However, expansion of our vocabulary is just one element involved in how and why language evolves.
Given the variation of dialects or regional accents present in most language systems, it is clear that an
individual’s interpretation of what is actually correct and commonly used will vary quite dramatically, since
this perception is based upon a combination of factors including the age, educational level and region of the
country a person is from. As we go about our daily lives and interact with others from different backgrounds
and experiences, the language we hear is often taken on board and incorporated into the way in which we
communicate ourselves. Many phrases with American origins are now commonplace in British English for
example, due to the frequency with which they are heard on television and in the movies.
=> Paragraph B refers to a region, age, education and other factors that influence the way we speak.
Therefore, the best answer is ‘influences on speech’

C. ii. The Generation Gap

Changes in language are often driven by the young and many such changes are commonly considered by
older people to be a disintegration of standards rather than an evolution and an improvement. Let’s consider
an Americanism commonly used by youngsters in all pans of the English speaking world. Used as an
alternative to “Tom said…” it is now commonplace to hear “Tom goes, the pay rise was unacceptable.” or,
“Tom was all, the pay rise was unacceptable.”; much to the horror of many traditionalists. However, this
modification could also be considered to be adding to and not detracting from our ability to communicate
effectively. To illustrate, let’s consider the original phrase “Tom said”; it is used solely to show’ the listener
that we are reporting the words of Tom, while the modern variation, “Tom goes” has literally the same
meaning. However, if the speaker chooses instead to use the latter phrase, “Tom was all”, they are also able
to convey the message that Tom had an emotional reaction to the situation they are reporting, therefore a
much more effective method of communicating information has been created, some may say. However,
should the now’ commonly used texting abbreviations such as ‘gr8t’ (great) and ‘l8r’ (later) become
permanent replacements of the original words, it is likely that even the most liberal amongst us would be
horrified.
=> Paragraph C refers to differences in speech and attitudes of different age groups. Therefore, the best
answer is ‘Generation Gap’

D. Variations on language are usually more readily accepted into informal language prior to them being
absorbed for use in formal writing. Examples of words that we now commonly use, but were once
considered incorrect, are ‘pea’ and ‘hopefully’. Let’s take pea; it derived from the word ‘pease’, which being
an uncountable noun has the same form regardless of whether one or more pease were being spoken about.
However, this was commonly overlooked and misunderstood, and through error the singular form of the
vegetable became ‘pea’. More recently ‘hopefully’ was considered by many to be an inappropriate
alternative to ‘I hope’; at best only accepted in informal use. The word hopefully is now’ fully acceptable in
both informal speech and formal writing.
E. vii. Questioning logic

Some people believe that traditional usages of language are always more superior and refined than modern
variations even when the reasons behind the rule were dubious in the first place. For example, it was once
seriously frowned upon to split an infinitive in a sentence and even today it is considered grammatically
incorrect to do so. To demonstrate, let’s consider the following sentence: ‘The examiner asked me to quietly
leave the room’; this was considered incorrect as the word ‘quietly’ splits the infinitive of the verb ‘to leave’.
The origins of this rule hail back to the 17th century when scholars believed that the English language
should be adapted to follow the rules of Latin; then considered the perfect language. Since splitting
infinitives in Latin is impossible, it was decided that splitting infinitives in English, even though possible,
was not acceptable, Given that initial motivations behind the rule were questionable and the clarity of
meaning of the sentence is not compromised in the ‘incorrect’ form, it could be argued that this grammar
rule is a prime example of an unnecessary sanction which is likely to be abandoned in the future.
=> Paragraph E questions how important or logical rules certain rules of grammar are (such as not splitting
infinitives). Therefore, the best answer is ‘Questioning logic’.

F. viii. Lifespan of vocabulary

As language evolves, changes in grammar structures which would result in confusion of the actual meaning
of the sentences are unlikely; however, the meanings of words are often modified or altered beyond
recognition by different generations and can be easily misinterpreted by other social groups. Take, for
example, the modern version of the word ‘bad’ meaning ‘great’ when used in contemporary slang. Many
slang words remain dated in the era in which they are developed, for example words like ‘to beef, meaning
to complain (introduced in the 1920’s) are not only dated but may not even be understood in a modern
context, while others such as ‘guy’ become absorbed into mainstream language. Who knows what future
generations will add to the ever changing environment of communication?
=> Paragraph F refers to language such as ‘to beef’ (now outdated) and ‘guy’(now part of mainstream
speech). The paragraph also says that words are often modified…by different generations’. Therefore, the
best answer is ‘Lifespan of vocabulary’.

5. If language were static, it would negatively affect our ability to incorporate other cultures into our
own way of life. Y
Clue: Foreign food used as an example.
6. The language we grow up knowing and that we adopt through new experiences have equal effects on
the way we speak.NG
Clue: Both affect but does not specify which has more influence or whether they are equal.
7. All modern adaptations of language are suitable for mainstream use.N
Clue: The writer says texting language not suitable for mainstream use.

Part 7
47 B. The second part of the review states that “Red Riding: 1974 is the weakest of the three Red Riding
films …”. The first reviewer talks about their favourite movie, not their least favourite.
48 B. Third sentence of the review states that a short toilet break is likely to make you lose the stream of
narrative.
49 D. Second part of the paragraph, starting with “The film can be too self-serious…” and how film’s
“television roots show on a production level”. Reviewer C talks about production, but he admires rather than
criticises it.
50 A. The second part of the paragraph states that murders aren’t the key of the film, but rather the reactions
to them.
51 C. First sentence of the paragraph. Venue is a place where show such as movie is shown. In this case, it’s
the art’s centre that chose to broadcast the movies for three weeks.
52 D. Last part of the first sentence: “… these are not sunny days for the faint of heart.” meaning that the
softer viewers might find the content of the movie shocking or even revolting.
53 D. The last sentence mentions that the film, among other things, is “expertly performed” — meaning that
the actors did a good job.
54 C. Last sentence goes: “… it’s easy to forget it and its sister films were produced for British television
…”.
55 B. Third sentence talks about viewers from America who could be having difficulties making out the
peculiar accents.
56 A. The first sentence refers to reporter Dunford as having mix of feelings.

Part 8
1. “In the light of this new evidence I have no alternative but to release you” the judge told the accused.
In the light of =because of

2. It is important to know how to draw the line between a joke and a lie.
draw the line between: tách rõ hoặc tạo ranh giới giữa hai điều gì; phân biệt hoặc đặt ra giới hạn giữa hai
nhóm, chuỗi hành động hoặc giữa những cái giống nhau.

3. The government favours a carrot and stick approach/policy to young offenders.

carrot and stick approach/policy to: offer people things in order to persuade them to do something and
punish them if they refuse to do it.

4. We’ll have this job done in the next to no time if we cooperate

. in the next to no time: it happens almost immediately or very quickly.
5. -The guide book gives the hotel its seal of approval.
Give something/ somebody seal of approval: speak highly of something/ somebody
6,He will be the one to carry the can for this affair.
Carry the can for something: take the responsibility for someth
7-I turned the drawers inside out but I couldn’t find the address.
Turn something inside out: Empty something to look for something else
8. That wasn’t what I meant at all. You’ve got hold of the wrong end of the stick
got hold of the wrong end of the stick: hiểu nhầm
9. It’s all toing and froing with all the cases that I can’t stand about holidays
all toing and froing: repeated movement from one place to another:
10.get it off your chest
get it off your chest; say something that one has wanted to say for a long time, resulting in a feeling of relief.
Test 19
Phần 1:
Part 1: You will hear an interview with Paul Hanks, a member of The International Fair Trade
Association. For questions 1-5, choose the answer A, B, C or D, which fits best according to what you
hear1. Paul Hanks states that the basic aim of Fair Trade is to
A. marginalise small producers in developing countries.
B. make ends meet.
C. exploit international marketeers.
D. safeguard the welfare of small producers.
2. Paul Hanks clearly believes that Fair Trade
A. does away with inequalities between rich and developing nations.
B. assists in making small producers economically autonomous and stable.
C. determines the fickle nature of demand and supply.
D. receives a premium from small producers.
3. What must farmers do to get Fair Trade certification?
A. meet preconditions
B. accumulate capital
C. own processing plants
D. finance community projects
4. Paul Hanks states that
A. none of the families whose children work want to send them to school.
B. children may work hard but they receive good pay for the work they do.
C. the Fair Trade movement takes measures to fight child labour.
D. certified farmers are not obliged to send their children to school if they don't want to.
5. What is true of Fair Trade produce?
A. It has a large market share.
B. It is limited in variety.
C. It accounts for 70 per cent of the market.
D. It is easily distinguished by the Fair Trade label.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Part 2: You will hear a journalist talking about alphabetism, which he calls a new type of
discrimination. As you listen, complete the notes for questions 1 – 10.Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes.
Types of discrimination mentioned: racism; sexism; 1._______________ ; alphabetism Alphabetism =
discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the 2._______________ of the alphabet.
Number of US Presidents before George W Bush whose names began:
with a letter in the first half of the alphabet 3._______________
with a letter in the second half of the alphabet 4._______________
Other groups of people who illustrate the same phenomenon include the world’s top three
5._______________ and the five richest men in the world.
Children whose names are at the beginning of the alphabet are made to sit at the 6._______________ of the
class in infant school and so get 7._______________ from the teacher.
Lists of people at graduation ceremonies, for job interviews, etc. are usually drawn up in alphabetic order
and by the end the audience, interviewers, etc. have 8._______________.
What can women do to change this? 9._______________.
One consolation for those whose names begin with a letter in the ‘wrong’ half of the alphabet is that such
people are better at 10._______________.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
Part 3: You will hear a talk about one of the seven natural wonders. Listen and decide if the statements
are true or false. Write T (for True) or F (for False). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered
boxes. (10 points)
1. Cairns has the fifth busiest airport in the southern hemisphere.
2. Great Adventures is the name of a travel company.
3. Green Island is 6,000 years old.
4. It takes 45 minutes to fly to Green Island from Cairns.
5. You are only allowed to go to the pontoon once.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Phần 2:
Part 1:A. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (5 PTS)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
1. I need to ______ your offer very carefully before I make a decision.
A. look over B. see out C. figure out D. mull over
2. There’s nothing to ______ as it’s a general knowledge quiz.
A. come round to B. face up to C. swot up on D. come up with
3. The account of their journey has been ______ together from personal letters and diaries.
A. pieced B. set C. pulled D. got
4. Perhaps it is the almost universal use of flavourings that makes it so hard to ______ the products ______.
A. take – apart B. tell – apart C. come – apart D. fall – apart
5. We finally ______ out a way to get the band into the hotel without the press knowing.
A. tried B. set C. puzzled D. put
6. He has taken some painkillers but when the effects ______, his leg will hurt quite badly.
A. wear away B. wear down C. wear off D. wear out
7. Following years of intense training, the accomplished athlete ______ the medal triumphantly.
A. took off B. went off C. ran off D. carried off
8. My car broke down and I had to _______ a huge sum of money to have it towed and serviced.
A. splash out B. fork out C. put aside D. pay off
fork out: miễn cưỡng chi ra 1 khoản tiền
9.My parents had a lot of children, so sometimes there wasn’t enough food to _____.
A. put on B. fall back on C. give out D. go round
8. The noise from the unruly fans celebrating their team’s victory didn’t _____ until early in the morning.
A. shut off B. give away C. let up D. fall over

B. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS (5 PTS)

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
1. How did they manage to keep me completely ______ about this for so long?
A. in the dark B. under the shadow C. in the shade D. out of shape
2. You’ve got to ______ to succeed in advertising.
A. go to your head B. have your wits about you
C. have your head in the clouds D. gather your wits
3. It took Dane a long time to understand what was going on. He’s usually ______ than that, isn’t it?
A. round the bend B. harder and faster
C. easier on the ear D. quicker on the uptake
4. Stop wasting time splitting ______ and look at the big picture.
A. hairs B. ears C. eyes D. noses
5. The country is an economic ______ with chronic unemployment and rampant crime.
A. lost cause B. basket caseC. false dawn D. dark horse
6. My mother nearly ______ when I said I was going to buy a motorbike.
A. let the cat out of the bag B. put the cat among the pigeons
C. had kittens D. got out of the rat race
7. Fresh evidence has recently ______ which suggests that he didn’t in fact commit the murder.
A. come a long way B. come under fire
 C. come into bloom D. come to light
8. We’d been working hard for a month and so decided to go out and ______.
A. paint the town red B. face the music
C. read between the linesD. steal the show
9. The boss was ______ with the new employee over his qualifications and ability to perform his job well.
A. at a loose end B. at a loss C. at a standstill D. at odds
10.Discussions on the issue of expansion of the company have been in _______ since the outbreak of the
disease in the area.
A. hitch B. limbo C. feud D. core
Part 2: Read the text and find 10 mistakes and correct them. You should indicate in which line the
mistake is. (5 pts)
For the past eight years, many of the world’s leading classical musicians have gathered together in
Switzerland’s most glitzy ski resort to play, to teach and socialise. If this were all, it would be the ultimate
classical music insiders’ club. But the attraction of Verbier, their charm and relevance, is that it is also home
for three weeks to more than 100 young musicians from 31 countries, starried-eye about meeting the masters
and getting a crashing course at the highest possible level. Conductors of the world’s top orchestras are off
hand to get the young musicians into shape, coaxing fine performances of so daunting challenges as
Mahler’s Third Symphony and Brahms’ First Symphony.
Verbier is the creation of the Swede, Martin Engstroem, who for many years was a leading agent. He wanted
to run his own festival and, having some of the best contacts of the business, it was not hard to find a Swiss
ski report to look for a summer boost, rich villa owners keen to open their houses to musical celebrities and
stars used to being indulgent. Engstroem is the most relaxed and charming of men, but in his way he is a
dictator. The music heard at Verbier tends to be of his classical taste with barely a note of the contemporary.

Part 3: Culture shock refers to the feelings of discomfort experienced as a person adjusts to a new culture. It
is caused by having to (11) _______ many new and unfamiliar situations and traditions. Newcomers feel
helpless because they cannot understand all the new things they experience. However, understanding the
stages of culture shock - and knowing that it is only (12) ______ - can help new comers make the transition.
There are four stages of culture shock, although the length of time each stage lasts will diff er for each
person. The first stage is the honeymoon stage. During this time, when you first (13) _______ a new
culture, everything is interesting and exciting. You are (14) ______ about the new culture and eager to
learn. Everything seems interesting, the people are friendly, the food is delicious, and you are eager to
explore your new surroundings. However, after some time, the (15) ______ stage begins. The newcomer
starts to feel uncomfortable and unhappy in the new culture. Everything seems very difficult: shopping,
getting around, and making friends (16) _____ confusing. You may begin to feel homesick and want to
return home. Feelings of anger and sadness are common, and you may (17) _______ be overwhelmed by
small problems. However, these feelings don’t last long. Gradually, the newcomer becomes more
comfortable in the culture and enters the (18) _______ stage. The new customs seem clearer, and (19)
______ seem(s) rather easier. You begin to enjoy the new culture once more. Finally, the stability stage
begins. Life becomes more normal, and your sense of humor returns. You may not like everything about the
new culture, but it doesn't make you so unhappy. You begin to feel (20) ______ home in the new culture.
11. A. prevail upon B. slot in C. attend to D. tussle with
12. A. for good B. temporary C. contemporary D. ephemeral
13. A. set foot on B. hammer out at C. commit yourself to D. make way for
4. A. interrogative B. inquisitive C. interested D. intermingling
15. A. distress B. agony C. hardship D. jeopardy
16. A. to seem B. seemingly C. seems D. seem
17. A. like B. also C. well D. both
18. A. recover B. resurrection C. regeneration D. regain
19. A. interactions of everyday B. everyday interactiveness
C. everyday interactions D. being interactive everyday
20. A. as B. similarly C. Like D. at
Part 4. For questions 1-10, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only
one word in each space.( 15 pts)
 In most discussions of cultural diversity, attention has focused on visible, explicit aspects of culture,
such as language, dress, food, religion, music, and social rituals. Although they are important, these visible
expressions of culture, which are taught deliberately and learned consciously, are only the (1) ………….. of
the iceberg of culture. Much of culture is taught and learned implicitly, or outside awareness. Thus, neither
cultural insiders nor cultural outsiders are aware that certain "invisible” aspects of their culture (2) ………..
Invisible elements of culture are important to us. For example, how long we can be late (3)
…………..being impolite, what topics we should avoid in a conversation, how we show interest or attention
through listening behavior, what we consider beautiful or ugly. These are all (4) ………… of culture that we
learn and use without being aware of it. When we meet other people whose invisible cultural assumptions
differ from (5) ……………. we have learned implicitly, we usually do not recognize their behavior as
cultural in origin.
Differences in invisible culture can cause problems in (6) ………… relations. Conflicts may arise
when we are unable to recognize others’ behavioral differences as cultural rather than (7) …………. We
tend to misinterpret other people’s behavior, blame them, or judge their intentions or competence without
realizing that we are experiencing cultural rather than individual differences.
Formal organizations and institutions, such as schools, hospitals, workplaces, governments, and the
legal system are collection sites for invisible cultural differences. If the differences were more visible, we
might have less (8)………… . For example, if we met a man in a courthouse who was wearing exotic
clothes, speaking a language (9) ……………. than ours, and carrying food that looked strange, we would
not assume that we understood his thoughts and feelings or that he understood ours. Yet when such a man is
dressed similarly to us, speaks our language, and does not differ from us in other obvious ways, we may fail
to recognize the invisible cultural differences between us. As a result, mutual misunderstanding may (10)
……………. ( Extracted from “ Succeed in Cambridge English, CAE”)
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 5
For questions 1–10, read the text below and choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D). Write your
answers in corresponding numbered boxes. (15 points)
Continents and ocean basins represent the largest identifiable bodies on Earth. On the solid portions of
the planet, the second most prominent features are flat plains, elevated pla teaus, and large
mountain ranges. In geography, the term "continent" refers to the surface of continuous landmasses
that together comprise about 29.2% of the planet's surface. On the other hand, another definition is
5 prevalent in the general use of the term that deals with extensive mainlands, such as Europe or Asia,
that actually represent one very large landmass. Although all continents are bounded by water bodies
or high mountain ranges, isolated mainlands, such as Greenland and India-Pakistan areas are called
subcontinents. In some circles, the distinction between continents and large islands lies almost
exclusively in the size of a particular landmass.
10 The analysis of compression and tension in the earth's crust has determined that conti nental structures
are composed of layers that underlie continental shelves. A great deal of disagreement among
geologists surrounds the issue of exactly how many layers underlie each landmass because of their
distinctive mineral and chemical composition. It is also quite possible that the ocean floor rests on the
top of unknown continents that have not yet been explored. The continental crust is believed to have
15 been formed by means of a chemical reaction when, lighter materials separated from heavier ones,
thus settling at various levels within the crust. Assisted by the measurements of the specifics within
crust formations by means of monitoring earthquakes, geologists can speculate that a chemical split
occurred to form the atmosphere, sea water, and the crust before it solidified many centuries ago.
Although each continent has its special features, all consist of various combinations of components
20 that include shields, mountain belts, intracratonic basins, margins, volcanic plateaus, and blockvaulted
belts. The basic differences among continents lie in the proportion and the composition of these
features relative to the continent size. Climatic zones have a crucial effect on the weathering and
formation of the surface features, soil erosion, soil deposition, land formation, vegetation, and human
activities. Mountain belts are elongated narrow zones that have a characteristic folded sedimentary
25 organization of layers. They are typically produced during substantial crustal movements, which
generate faulting and mountain building. When continental margins collide, the rise of a marginal edge
 leads to the formation of large mountain ranges, as explained by the plate tectonic theory. This
process also accounts for the occurrence of mountain belts in ocean basins and produces evidence for
the ongoing continental plate evolution.
1. What does this passage mainly discuss?
A. Continental drift and division
B. Various definitions of the term "continent"
C. Continental structure and crust
D. Scientific analyses of continental crusts
2. According to the passage, how do scientists define continents?
A. As masses of land without divisions
B. As extensive bodies of land
C. As the largest identifiable features
D. As surficial compositions and ranges
3. In the first paragraph, the word "bounded" is closest in meaning to ______.
A. covered B. convened C. delimited D. dominated
4. The author of the passage implies that the disagreement among scientists is based on the fact that
______.
A. each continent has several planes and shelves
B. continents have various underlying layers of crust
C. continents undergo compression and experience tension
D. continents have different chemical makeup
5. The word "specifics" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.
A. specialties B. speculations C. exact details D. precise movements
6. The word "it" in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. sea water B. the atmosphere C. the crust D. a chemical split
7. The author of the passage implies that ______.
A. it is not known exactly how the continental crust was formed
B. geologists have neglected the exploration of the ocean floor
C. scientists have concentrated on monitoring earthquakes.
D. the earth's atmosphere split into water and solids
8. According to the passage, what are the differences in the structure of continents?
A. The proportional size of continents to one another
B. Ratios of major components and their comparative size
C. The distinctive features of their elements
D. Climatic zones and their effect on the surface features
9. In the last paragraph, the phrase "This process" refers to ______.
A. continental collision B. mountain ranges
C. the rise of margins D. plate tectonic theory
10. The author of the passage implies that ______.
A. the process of mountain formation has not been accounted for
B. mountain ranges on the ocean floor lead to surface mountain building
C. faulting and continental margins are parts of plate edges
D. the process of continent formation has not been completed
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

IV. For questions 1–10, read the following passage.

Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the correct
number, i-ix in corresponding numbered boxes. (15 points)
List of Headings
i. A business-model approach to education
ii. The reforms that improved education in Finland
iii. Educational challenges of the future
iv. Ways in which equality is maintained in the Finnish education system
v. The benefits of the introduction of testing
vi. An approach that helped a young learner
 vii. Statistical proof of education success
viii. Support for families working and living in Finland
ix. The impact of the education system on Finland's economy
Why Are Finland's Schools Successful?
The country's achievements in education have other nations doing their homework
A. At Kirkkojarvi Comprehensive School in Espoo, a suburb west of Helsinki, Kari Louhivuori, the
school's principal, decided to try something extreme by Finnish standards. One of his sixth-grade
students, a recent immigrant, was falling behind, resisting his teacher's best efforts. So he decided to
hold the boy back a year. Standards in the country have vastly improved in reading, math and science
literacy over the past decade, in large part because its teachers are trusted to do whatever it takes to turn
young lives around. 'I took Besart on that year as my private student,' explains Louhivuori. When he was
not studying science, geography and math, Besart was seated next to Louhivuori's desk, taking books
from a tall stack, slowly reading one, then another, then devouring them by the dozens. By the end of
the year, he had conquered his adopted country's vowel-rich language and arrived at the realization that
he could, in fact, learn.
B. This tale of a single rescued child hints at some of the reasons for Finland's amazing record of education
success. The transformation of its education system began some 40 years ago but teachers had little idea
it had been so successful until 2000. In this year, the first results from the Programme for International
Student Assessment (PISA), a standardized test given to 15-year-olds in more than 40 global venues,
revealed Finnish youth to be the best at reading in the world. Three years later, they led in math. By
2006, Finland was first out of the 57 nations that participate in science. In the latest PISA scores, the
nation came second in science, third in reading and sixth in math among nearly half a million students
worldwide.
C. In the United States, government officials have attempted to improve standards by introducing
marketplace competition into public schools. In recent years, a group of Wall Street financiers and
philanthropists such as Bill Gates have put money behind private-sector ideas, such as charter schools,
which have doubled in number in the past decade. President Obama, too, apparently thought
competition was the answer. One policy invited states to compete for federal dollars using tests and
other methods to measure teachers, a philosophy that would not be welcome in Finland. 'I think, in fact,
teachers would tear off their shirts,' said Timo Heikkinen, a Helsinki principal with 24 years of teaching
experience. 'If you only measure the statistics, you miss the human aspect.'
D. There are no compulsory standardized tests in Finland, apart from one exam at the end of students'
senior year in high school. There is no competition between students, schools or regions. Finland's
schools are publicly funded. The people in the government agencies running them, from national
officials to local authorities, are educators rather than business people or politicians. Every school has
the same national goals and draws from the same pool of university-trained educators. The result is that
a Finnish child has a good chance of getting the same quality education no matter whether he or she
lives in a rural village or a university town.
E. It's almost unheard of for a child to show up hungry to school. Finland provides three years of maternity
leave and subsidized day care to parents, and preschool for all five-year-olds, where the emphasis is on
socializing. In addition, the state subsidizes parents, paying them around 150 euros per month for every
child until he or she turns 17. Schools provide food, counseling and taxi service if needed. Health care is
even free for students taking degree courses.
F. Finland's schools were not always a wonder. For the first half of the twentieth century, only the privilege
a got a quality education. But In 1963, the Finnish Parliament made the bold decision to choose public
education as the best means of driving the economy forward and out of recession. Public schools were
organized into one system of comprehensive schools for ages 7 through 16. Teachers from all over the
nation contributed to a national curriculum that provided guidelines, not prescriptions, for them to refer
to. Besides Finnish and Swedish (the country's second official language), children started learning a
third language (English is a favorite) usually beginning at age nine. The equal distribution of equipment
was next, meaning that all teachers had their fair share of teaching resources to aid learning. As the
comprehensive schools improved, so did the upper secondary schools (grades 10 through 12). The
second critical decision came in 1979, when it was required that every teacher gain a fifth-year Master's
degree in theory and practice, paid for by the state. From then on, teachers were effectively granted
equal status with doctors and lawyers. Applicants began flooding teaching programs, not because the
salaries were so high but because autonomous decision-making and respect made the job desirable. And
 as Louhivuori explains, 'We have our own motivation to succeed because we love the work.'
Your answers:
0. Paragraph A: vi. (example) 1. Paragraph B: 2. Paragraph C:
3. Paragraph D: 4. Paragraph E: 5. Paragraph F:

Complete the notes below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the
passage for each answer.

The school system in Finland

PISA tests
 In the most recent tests, Finland's top subject was (6) …………………………………
History
1963:
 A new school system was needed to improve Finland's (7) ……………………………
 Schools followed (8) …………………………… that were created partly by teachers.
 All teachers were given the same (9) ………………………………… to use.
1979:
 Applicants were attracted to the (10) …………………………… that teaching received.

Your answers:
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 7
You are going to read an article about the Royal Society, a British scientific institution. For questions 47-56,
choose from the sections of the article (A-E). The sections may be chosen more than once.

In which section of the article are the following mentioned?

47 a belief that a certain development has been of particular use to scientists

48 the variety of ways in which the Royal Society encourages people who are not scientists to consider
scientific issues

49 a rapid reaction to research being made public

50 a particular development that requires urgent action to improve it

51 a resource for information on past scientific discoveries

52 a lack of understanding of scientific matters among people in general

53 a system that the Royal Society introduced

54 the fact that scientists do not always reach firm conclusions

55 a problem that is not limited to the world of science

56 the belief that certain things that are possible are not desirable

The unstoppable spirit of inquiry

The president of the Royal Society, Martin Rees, celebrates the long history of one of Britain’s greatest
institutions.

A
The Royal Society began in 1660. From the beginning, the wide dissemination of scientific ideas was
deemed important. The Society started to publish Philosophical Transaction, the first scientific journal,
which continues to this day. The Society’s journals pioneered what is still the accepted procedure whereby
scientific ideas are subject to peer review – criticised, refined and codified into ‘public knowledge’. Over the
centuries, they published Isaac Newton’s researches on light, Benjamin Franklin’s experiments on lightning,
Volta’s first battery and many of the triumphs of twentieth century science. Those who want to celebrate this
glorious history should visit the Royal Society’s archives via our Trailblazing website.

В
The founders of the Society enjoyed speculation, but they were also intensely engaged with the problems of
their era, such as improvements to timekeeping and navigation. After 350 years, our horizons have
expanded, but the same engagement is imperative in the 21st century. Knowledge has advanced hugely, but
it must be deployed for the benefit of the ever-growing population of our planet, all empowered by ever
more powerful technology. The silicon chip was perhaps the most transformative single invention of the past
century; it has allowed miniaturisation and spawned the worldwide reach of mobile phones and the internet.
It was physicists who developed the World Wide Web and, though it impacts us all, scientists have benefited
especially.

C
Traditional journals survive as guarantors of quality, but they are supplemented by a blogosphere of widely
varying quality. The latter cries out for an informal system of quality control. The internet levels the playing
fields between researchers in major centres and those in relative isolation. It has transformed the way science
is communicated and debated. In 2002, three young Indian mathematicians invented a faster scheme for
factoring large numbers -something that would be crucial for code-breaking. They posted their results on the
web. Within a day, 20,000 people had downloaded the work, which was the topic of hastily convened
discussions in many centres of mathematical research around the world. The internet also allows new styles
of research. For example, in the old days, astronomical research was stored on delicate photographic plates;
these were not easily accessible and tiresome to analyse. Now such data (and large datasets in genetics and
particle physics) can be accessed and downloaded anywhere. Experiments and natural events can be
followed in real-time.

D
We recently asked our members what they saw as the most important questions facing us in the years ahead
and we are holding discussion meetings on the ‘Top Ten’. Whatever breakthroughs are in store, we can be
sure of one thing: the widening gulf between what science enables us to do and what it’s prudent or ethical
actually to do. In respect of certain developments, regulation will be called for, on ethical as well as
prudential grounds. The way science is applied is a matter not just for scientists. All citizens need to address
these questions. Public decisions should be made, after the widest possible discussion, in the light of the best
scientific evidence available. That is one of the key roles of the Society. Whether it is the work of our
Science Policy Centre, our journals, our discussion meetings, our work in education or our public events, we
must be at the heart of helping policy-makers and citizens make informed decisions.

E
Our science isn’t dogma. Its assertions are sometimes tentative, sometimes compelling; noisy controversy
doesn’t always connote balanced arguments; risks are never absolutely zero, even if they are hugely
outweighed by potential benefits. In promoting an informed debate, the media are crucial. When reporting a
scientific controversy, the aim should be neither to exaggerate risks and uncertainties, nor to gloss over
them. This is indeed a challenge, particularly when institutional, political or commercial pressures distort the
debate. Scientists often bemoan the public’s weak grasp of science — without some ‘feel’ for the issues,
public debate can’t get beyond sloganising. But they protest too much: there are other issues where public
debate is, to an equally disquieting degree, inhibited by ignorance. The Royal Society aims to sustain
Britain’s traditional strength in science, but also to ensure that wherever science impacts on people’s lives, it
is openly debated.
Part 8
11. I think you should confront your boss right now with how you feel about this. out
Why don’t you………………………………………………………your boss right now?
12. Anna had decided Tom was not telling the truth about what happened. teeth
Anna was sure Tom ……………………………………………….. about what happened
13. Tom reckoned that his success was due to incredible luck. Tom
put ……………………………………………………………...
14.Our children are crazy about Korean singers. HEAD
………………………………………………………………….
15.Were you at all worried about telling the truth. MISGIVINGS
………………………………………………………………….
16.He was shouting as loud as he could. TOP
………………………………………………………………….
17.The prisoner was recaptured as he rushed towards the gate. DASH
………………………………………………………………….
18. However unfavorable our position is, we mustn’t surrender. (face)
……………………………………………………………………………………..
19. Tim failed to get into university and he gets very annoyed if it’s mentioned.
CHIP
Timothy has .....................................................................................
20. I happen to know the manager of the firm. I can recommend you if you like. (word)
……………………………………………………………………………………..
KEY
Phần 1:
Part 1
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D

Part 2
1. ageism 2. second half 3. 26 4.16
5. central bankers 6. front 7. more attention 8. lost interest
9. marry 10. running a big business/ running firms

Part 3
1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F

Part 1
Interviewer: With us in the studio is Paul Hanks, a member of The International Fair Trade
Association, an umbrella group of organizations in more than 70 countries. Welcome Paul, and thanks for
joining us today.
Paul Hanks: My pleasure.
Interviewer: Many people will have heard of the Fair Trade movement, which aims to help producers
in developing countries, and they may have even bought products with the Fair Trade label on them, but this
does not necessarily reflect a true understanding of the fair trade initiative.
Paul Hanks: That’s why I am genuinely grateful for any opportunity given to me to enlighten
consumers about this venture, as consumer awareness, sensitivity and involvement are required to ensure its
success. You see the essence of Fair Trade lies in ensuring the well-being of marginalized small producers in
developing countries who are struggling to make ends meet and maintain an acceptable standard of living.
They are the ones that are either unscrupulously exploited by international marketers or eliminated by the
cut-throat competition of free-trade.
Interviewer: In other words, Fair Trade aims to do away with inequalities in the relationship between
rich nations and the developing world.
Paul Hanks: Well, Fair Trade will never be the answer to such a complicated problem but it can and
does help small procedures achieve economic self-sufficiency and stability. This it does by offering better
trading conditions as it ensures that prices are stable, not determined by the fickle nature of demand and
supply, and that members of consortiums certified as Fair Trade receive a guaranteed premium, in other
words, a sum of money in addition to the normal cost. This premium boosts their earning potential and
enhances their standard of living.
Interviewer: So, correct me if I’m wrong, Fair Trade is a trading partnership that helps marginalized
producers secure their place in the international market, and in doing so alleviates poverty.
Paul Hanks: Exactly! But Fair Trade is not only concerned with the economic well-being of small
producers. It actually helps them develop knowledge, skills and resources to improve their lives. To get Fair
Trade certification, farmers need to adhere to prerequisites that determine eligibility.
Interviewer: Do you mean a list of rules that they must stick to?
Paul Hanks: Yes. Rules that involve things like agricultural practices, which need to be
environmentally friendly and sustainable, use of pesticides, which are limited to ensure the farmers’ as well
as the customers’ safety, and even issues regarding recycling and the use of waste products, such as coffee
skins, for the production of fuel for processing plants. And these are just a few. So, certification enables
them to access expertise and know-how, and amass capital that can be utilized to build a better
infrastructure, which benefits not only individual producers but the community as a whole. Premiums often
finance community projects like schools and drinkable water that facilitate social development.
Interviewer: I see. What about child labour? Some families in these developing countries are so poor that
every member of the family, regardless of age or gender, needs to work, to put bread on the table. Many of
these children have never seen the inside of a school!
Paul Hanks: This is a sad fact! A UNICEF survey recently revealed the severity of child labour and the
extent of the physical and emotional abuse experienced by these children. The results were shocking.
Children in many countries work over ten hours a day under very difficult conditions for wages that amount
to no more than 20 pence a day! The families of these children are so poor that no alternative course of
action is at hand. The Fair Trade initiative helps alleviate problems like this as it makes it possible for
parents to earn a living while educating their children at the same time. You see, to obtain certification,
farmers have to show that their children are enrolled in school. So, even if they don’t want to send their
children to school, they are forced to. Certified farms are visited fairly regularly by various organizations to
verify adherence to criteria, such as a ban on child labour.
Interviewer: That’s good to know! So, what do consumers need to do to support the Fair Trade initiative?
Paul Hanks: They need to look out for the Fair Trade label and buy the large variety of products available
on the market now. Products range from things like rice, nuts and fruit juices to footballs, clothes and
jewellery. Although Fair Trade produce accounts for only a global scale, there has been substantial growth.
For instance, in 2008, sales of Fair Trade goods rose by a staggering 70 per cent. People do care! All I’m
asking is for them to carry on caring, and spread the word. Money spent on Fair Trade goods is money well
spent.
Interviewer: So, there we have it ladies and gentlemen. You all have your work cut out for you! Paul
Hanks, thank you very much.
Paul Hanks: Thank you.

Part 2
Speaker: Over the past century all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been denounced or made
illegal. We’ve fought and are still fighting against racism, sexism, ageism ... . But yet another has recently
been highlighted: alphabetism. This, for those of you who, like me, were unaware of such a sad affliction,
refers to discrimination against those whose name begins with a letter in the second half of the alphabet.
It has long been known that a firm called AAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers
thumb through their phone books. Less well-known is the advantage which Adam Abbott has in life over
Zoe Zysman. English names are apparently fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a
suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with the letters between A and K.
Thus the current American President and Vice President have names beginning with B and C respectively
and twenty-six of George Bush’s predecessors, including his father, of course, had surnames in the first half
of the alphabet with just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven current heads of the G7
rich countries are alphabetically advantaged. The world’s three top central bankers have names beginning
with letters close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As do the
world’s five richest men – Gates, Buffet, Allen, Ellison and Albretch.
Can this merely be a coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all their spare time by the alphabetically
disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils
alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior
gets stuck in the back row and is largely ignored by the teacher. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged
juniors may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications because they get
less individual attention as well as acquiring less confidence in speaking publicly.
The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by
the time they reach the Zs, most of the audience are asleep. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot
papers, conference speakers and the like all tend to be drawn up alphabetically and their recipients gradually
lose interest as they plough their way through the list.
What is to be done? Awkward though it may be for the independent-minded, women can at least achieve
alphabetic advancement by marrying up. Thus Ms Zysman could become Mrs Abbott.
However, do not give up hope, all you Ps, Qs and Ws. The alphabetically disadvantaged may not become
presidents, central bankers or rich but do seem to thrive at running firms. Nine of the world’s ten biggest
companies (by revenues) are run by bosses with names that begin in the second half of the alphabet. An old
theory is thus supported –only those who have battled against the odds will really make it in business.

Part 3

Located on the northern tip of Australia’s East Coast, the tropical city of Cairns is internationally recognized
as the gateway to the Great Barrier Reef, one of the seven natural wonders of the world. The city is home to
100,000 people and also boasts the fifth busiest international airport in Australia with many carriers flying
direct to Cairns from countries around the world.
Cairns has many outdoor restaurants and cafés and great shopping, and also offers a complete range of
accommodation options from budget right through to five-star. Great Adventures Cruises have been running
trips to the Great Barrier Reef for more than 100 years and, as a result, are recognised as an industry leader.
Great Adventures offer day cruises to Green Island, a beautiful 6,000-year-old coral bay. It is perfect for
lazing on white sands, swimming, or snorkelling around the surrounding reef or relaxing around the
luxurious day-visitor facilities – all just 45 minutes crossing from Cairns. A full range of options on the
island include introductory scuba diving, certified scuba diving and guided snorkel tours, as well as a
crocodile farm, parasailing and private beach hire. For those wanting the ultimate reef adventure, cruise
from Cairns to the luxury of Great Adventures’ multi-level pontoon on the Outer Reef. The pontoon features
undercover seating and tables where you can enjoy a sumptuous buffet lunch.
There’s also a sundeck, full bar facilities, an underwater observatory, a semi-submersible coral viewing tour
and a swimming enclosure for children. You’ll be able to snorkel or dive among the reef’s spectacular coral
gardens and diverse marine life. A once-in-a-lifetime experience!

Part 1:A. KEY TO PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS:

1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. C
1. I need to ______ your offer very carefully before I make a decision.
A. look over B. see out C. figure out D. mull over
mull over something=to think carefully about something for a period of time
2. There’s nothing to ______ as it’s a general knowledge quiz.
A. come round to B. face up to C. swot up on D. come up with
swot up (on sth)=to learn as much as you can about a subject, especially before an examination
3. The account of their journey has been ______ together from personal letters and diaries.
A. pieced B. set C. pulled D. got
piece together something=to put the parts of something into place
4. Perhaps it is the almost universal use of flavourings that makes it so hard to ______ the products ______.
A. take – apart B. tell – apart C. come – apart D. fall – apart
Tell apart = phân biệt điều gì
5. We finally ______ out a way to get the band into the hotel without the press knowing.
A. tried B. set C. puzzled D. put
puzzle sth out=to discover or understand something by thinking hard about it
6. He has taken some painkillers but when the effects ______, his leg will hurt quite badly.
A. wear away B. wear down C. wear off D. wear out
wear off=If a feeling or the effect of something wears off, it gradually disappears
7. Following years of intense training, the accomplished athlete ______ the medal triumphantly.
A. took off B. went off C. ran off D. carried off
carry off something=to succeed in doing or achieving something, esp. when this is difficult
8. My car broke down and I had to _______ a huge sum of money to have it towed and serviced.
A. splash out B. fork out C. put aside D. pay off
fork out: miễn cưỡng chi ra 1 khoản tiền9. My parents had a lot of children, so sometimes there wasn’t
enough food to _____.
A. put on B. fall back on C. give out D. go round
Go round = If there is enough of something to go round, there is enough for everyone in a group of people
10. The noise from the unruly fans celebrating their team’s victory didn’t _____ until early in the morning.
A. shut off B. give away C. let up D. fall over
fall off=If the amount, rate, or quality of something falls off, it becomes smaller or lower
KEY TO COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS:
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. B
4. How did they manage to keep me completely ______ about this for so long?
A. in the dark B. under the shadow C. in the shade D. out of shape
Keep sb in the dark = giấu,không cho ai biết điều gì
5. You’ve got to ______ to succeed in advertising.
A. go to your head B. have your wits about you
C. have your head in the clouds D. gather your wits
have your wits about= giữ được tâm trí, bình tĩnh về bản thân mình -> giữ bình tĩnh, cảnh giác
go to one’s head = làm ai trở nên kiêu ngạo
'Head in the clouds' nghĩa là đầu óc ở trên mây, ám chỉ người không thực tế, hay mơ mộng.
6. It took Dane a long time to understand what was going on. He’s usually ______ than that, isn’t it?
A. round the bend B. harder and faster
C. easier on the ear D. quicker on the uptake
Be quick on the uptake = phản ứng vấn đề 1 cách nhanh nhạy >< be slow on the uptake
'drives you round the bend', có nghĩa là điều đó khiến bạn thực sự buồn chán hoặc tức giận
easy on the eye/ear=pleasant to look at/listen to
6. Stop wasting time splitting ______ and look at the big picture.
A. hairs B. ears C. eyes D. noses
Splitting hairs= argue about small details of something
7. The country is an economic ______ with chronic unemployment and rampant crime.
A. lost cause B. basket case C. false dawn D. dark horse
lost cause= a person or thing that can no longer hope to succeed or be changed for the better
basket case = someone who is extremely nervous or anxious and is therefore unable to organize
their life// a country or company that is very unsuccessful financially
false dawn= something that seems to show that a successful period is beginning or that a situation is
improving when it is not
dark horse= chỉ người, một vật gì đó mà ít ai biết đến.
9. My mother nearly ______ when I said I was going to buy a motorbike.
A. let the cat out of the bag B. put the cat among the pigeons
C. had kittens D. got out of the rat race
let the cat out of the bag= tiết lộ bí mật
put the cat among the pigeons= làm mọi chuyện trở nên rắc rối,nghiêm trọng hơn
have kittens=to be very worried, upset, or angry about something
10. Fresh evidence has recently ______ which suggests that he didn’t in fact commit the murder.
A. come a long way B. come under fire
C. come into bloom D. come to light
Come a long way =đi một đoạn đường khá xa, tức là đạt được rất nhiều tiến bộ.
Come under fire = bị chỉ trích gay gắt,nặng nề
Come into bloom = nở rộ,thành công có bước phát triển
Come to light = đc đưa ra ánh sáng,vấn đề đc làm tỏ
11. We’d been working hard for a month and so decided to go out and ______.
A. paint the town red B. face the music
C. read between the linesD. steal the show
paint the town red= go out and enjoy yourself by drinking alcohol, dancing, laughing with friends, etc.:
 face the music= chịu trận,gánh chịu hậu quả
read between the lines = look for or discover a meaning that is hidden or implied rather than explicitly
stated
steal the show= ý nói một người biết cách gây sự chú ý (hài hước, thú vị...), được hoan nghênh nhiệt liệt
10. The boss was ______ with the new employee over his qualifications and ability to perform his job well.
A. at a loose end B. at a loss C. at a standstill D. at odds
12.Discussions on the issue of expansion of the company have been in _______ since the outbreak of the
disease in the area.
A. hitch B. limbo C. feud D. core
in limbo: in a situation in which you are not certain what to do next, cannot take action, etc., especially
because you are waiting for somebody else to make a decision
Part 2
Line Mistake Correction Line Mistake Correction
2 glitzy glitziest 7 so such
4 their its 10 of in
5 starried-eye starry-eyed 11 to look looking
5 crashing crash 12 indulgent indulged
6 off on 14 of to

Part 3

Culture shock refers to the feelings of discomfort experienced as a person adjusts to a new culture. It is
caused by having to (11) _______ many new and unfamiliar situations and traditions. Newcomers feel
helpless because they cannot understand all the new things they experience. However, understanding the
stages of culture shock - and knowing that it is only (12) ______ - can help new comers make the transition.
There are four stages of culture shock, although the length of time each stage lasts will diff er for each
person. The first stage is the honeymoon stage. During this time, when you first (13) _______ a new
culture, everything is interesting and exciting. You are (14) ______ about the new culture and eager to
learn. Everything seems interesting, the people are friendly, the food is delicious, and you are eager to
explore your new surroundings. However, after some time, the (15) ______ stage begins. The newcomer
starts to feel uncomfortable and unhappy in the new culture. Everything seems very difficult: shopping,
getting around, and making friends (16) _____ confusing. You may begin to feel homesick and want to
return home. Feelings of anger and sadness are common, and you may (17) _______ be overwhelmed by
small problems. However, these feelings don’t last long. Gradually, the newcomer becomes more
comfortable in the culture and enters the (18) _______ stage. The new customs seem clearer, and (19)
______ seem(s) rather easier. You begin to enjoy the new culture once more. Finally, the stability stage
begins. Life becomes more normal, and your sense of humor returns. You may not like everything about the
new culture, but it doesn't make you so unhappy. You begin to feel (20) ______ home in the new culture.
11. A. prevail upon B. slot in C. attend to D. tussle with
tussle with= try hard to understand or deal with a difficult idea or problem
12. A. for good B. temporary C. contemporary D. ephemeral
temporary = not lasting or needed for very long
13. A. set foot on B. hammer out at C. commit yourself to D. make way for
set foot on = To physically board something or travel to some place
4. A. interrogative B. inquisitive C. interested D. intermingling
Inquisitive=wanting to discover as much as you can about things, sometimes in a way that annoys people
15. A. distress B. agony C. hardship D. jeopardy
Distress= a situation in which you are suffering or are in great danger and therefore in urgent need of help// a
feeling of extreme worry, sadness, or pain
16. A. to seem B. seemingly C. seems D. seem
17. A. like B. also C. well D. both
May also
18. A. recover B. resurrection C. regeneration D. regain
Recover= become completely well again after an illness or injury:// become successful or normal again after
being damaged or having problems
19. A. interactions of everyday B. everyday interactiveness
C. everyday interactions D. being interactive everyday
20. A. as B. similarly C. Like D. at
Feel at home = có cảm giác thoải mái/tự nhiên.
Part 4. ( 15 pts)
1. tip 2. exist 3. before 4. aspects 5. those
6. cross-cultural 7. personal 8.misunderstanding 9. other 10. arise

Part 5
For questions 1–10, read the text below and choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D). Write your
answers in corresponding numbered boxes. (15 points)
1. C 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. D

Continents and ocean basins represent the largest identifiable bodies on Earth. On the solid portions of
the planet, the second most prominent features are flat plains, elevated pla teaus, and large
mountain ranges. In geography, the term "continent" refers to the surface of continuous landmasses
that together comprise about 29.2% of the planet's surface. On the other hand, another definition is
5 prevalent in the general use of the term that deals with extensive mainlands, such as Europe or Asia,
that actually represent one very large landmass. Although all continents are bounded by water bodies
or high mountain ranges, isolated mainlands, such as Greenland and India-Pakistan areas are called
subcontinents. In some circles, the distinction between continents and large islands lies almost
exclusively in the size of a particular landmass.
10 The analysis of compression and tension in the earth's crust has determined that conti nental structures
are composed of layers that underlie continental shelves. A great deal of disagreement among
geologists surrounds the issue of exactly how many layers underlie each landmass because of their
distinctive mineral and chemical composition. It is also quite possible that the ocean floor rests on the
top of unknown continents that have not yet been explored. The continental crust is believed to have
15 been formed by means of a chemical reaction when, lighter materials separated from heavier ones,
thus settling at various levels within the crust. Assisted by the measurements of the specifics within
crust formations by means of monitoring earthquakes, geologists can speculate that a chemical split
occurred to form the atmosphere, sea water, and the crust before it solidified many centuries ago.
Although each continent has its special features, all consist of various combinations of components
20 that include shields, mountain belts, intracratonic basins, margins, volcanic plateaus, and blockvaulted
belts. The basic differences among continents lie in the proportion and the composition of these
features relative to the continent size. Climatic zones have a crucial effect on the weathering and
formation of the surface features, soil erosion, soil deposition, land formation, vegetation, and human
activities. Mountain belts are elongated narrow zones that have a characteristic folded sedimentary
25 organization of layers. They are typically produced during substantial crustal movements, which
generate faulting and mountain building. When continental margins collide, the rise of a marginal edge
leads to the formation of large mountain ranges, as explained by the plate tectonic theory. This
process also accounts for the occurrence of mountain belts in ocean basins and produces evidence for
the ongoing continental plate evolution.
11. What does this passage mainly discuss?
A. Continental drift and division
B. Various definitions of the term "continent"
C. Continental structure and crust
D. Scientific analyses of continental crusts
1. Đoạn văn này chủ yếu bàn về điều gì?
A. Sự trôi dạt và phân chia lục địa
B. Các định nghĩa khác nhau về thuật ngữ "lục địa"
C. Cấu trúc lục địa và lớp vỏ
D. Phân tích khoa học về lớp vỏ lục địa
12. According to the passage, how do scientists define continents?
A. As masses of land without divisions
B. As extensive bodies of land
C. As the largest identifiable features
D. As surficial compositions and ranges
2. Theo đoạn văn, các nhà khoa học xác định lục địa như thế nào?
A. Là những vùng đất rộng lớn không có sự phân chia
B. Là vùng đất rộng lớn
C. Là đặc điểm nhận dạng lớn nhất
D. Là thành phần và phạm vi bề ngoài
Clue: In geography, the term "continent" refers to the surface of continuous landmasses that together
comprise about 29.2% of the planet's surface
. Trong địa lý, thuật ngữ "lục địa" dùng để chỉ bề mặt của các khối đất liền nhau chiếm khoảng 29,2% bề
mặt hành tinh.
13. In the first paragraph, the word "bounded" is closest in meaning to ______.
A. covered B. convened C. delimited D. dominated
Từ “bounded” gần nghĩa nhất với từ .
Đáp án C. delimited
delimit (v): giới hạn, định ranh giới, bao bọc (ở xung quanh) ~ bound (v) Các đáp án khác:
cover (v): che phủ (ở phía trên) convene (v): triệu tập, họp dominate (v): trội hơn, chiếm ưu thế
14. The author of the passage implies that the disagreement among scientists is based on the fact that
______.
A. each continent has several planes and shelves
B. continents have various underlying layers of crust
C. continents undergo compression and experience tension
D. continents have different chemical makeup
4. Tác giả của đoạn văn ngụ ý rằng sự bất đồng giữa các nhà khoa học dựa trên thực tế là ______.
A. mỗi lục địa có một số mặt phẳng và giá
B. các lục địa có nhiều lớp vỏ bên dưới khác nhau
C. lục địa chịu nén và căng
D. các lục địa có cấu tạo hóa học khác nhau
Clue: A great deal of disagreement among geologists surrounds the issue of exactly how many layers
underlie each landmass because of their distinctive mineral and chemical composition
Có một sự bất đồng lớn giữa các nhà địa chất học xung quanh việc có chính xác bao nhiêu lớp nằm dưới các
khối đất bởi mỗi khối đất có cấu tạo hóa học và khoáng chất riêng biệt.
15. The word "specifics" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.
A. specialties B. speculations C. exact details D. precise movements
Từ “specifics” gần nghĩa nhất với từ .

Đáp án C. exact details: các chi tiết cụ thể ~ specifics: các lớp cụ thể

Các đáp án khác:

specialty (n): hợp đồng có đóng dấu, chuyên môn, chuyên khoa, nét đặc biệt

speculation (n): sự suy xét, nghiên cứu

precise movements (n): những chuyển động chính xác

16. The word "it" in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. sea water B. the atmosphere C. the crust D. a chemical split
17. The author of the passage implies that ______.
A. it is not known exactly how the continental crust was formed
B. geologists have neglected the exploration of the ocean floor
C. scientists have concentrated on monitoring earthquakes.
D. the earth's atmosphere split into water and solids
7. Tác giả của đoạn văn ngụ ý rằng ______.
A. người ta không biết chính xác lớp vỏ lục địa được hình thành như thế nào
B. các nhà địa chất đã bỏ bê việc khám phá đáy đại dương
C. các nhà khoa học đã tập trung theo dõi các trận động đất.
D. bầu khí quyển của trái đất tách thành nước và chất rắn
Clue: The continental crust is believed to have been formed by means of a chemical reac¬tion when, lighter
materials separated from heavier ones, thus settling at various levels within the crust.
Lớp vỏ lục địa được cho là đã được hình thành bởi một phản ứng hóa học khi các vật chất nhẹ hơn tách ra
khỏi các vật nặng hơn, do đó lắng đọng ở các mức độ khác nhau trong lớp vỏ.
18. According to the passage, what are the differences in the structure of continents?
A. The proportional size of continents to one another
B. Ratios of major components and their comparative size
C. The distinctive features of their elements
D. Climatic zones and their effect on the surface features
8. Theo đoạn văn, cấu trúc của các lục địa có gì khác nhau?
A. Kích thước tỉ lệ của các lục địa với nhau
B. Tỷ lệ các thành phần chính và kích thước so sánh của chúng
C. Các tính năng đặc biệt của các yếu tố của chúng
D. Các đới khí hậu và ảnh hưởng của chúng đến các đặc điểm bề mặt
Clue: The basic differences among continents lie in the propor¬tion and the composition of these features
relative to the continent size.
Sự khác biệt cơ bản giữa các lục địa nằm ở tỷ lệ và thành phần của các đặc điểm này so với kích thước lục
địa
9.In the last paragraph, the phrase "This process" refers to ______.
A. continental collision B. mountain ranges
C. the rise of margins D. plate tectonic theory
10.The author of the passage implies that ______.
A. the process of mountain formation has not been accounted for
B. mountain ranges on the ocean floor lead to surface mountain building
C. faulting and continental margins are parts of plate edges
D. the process of continent formation has not been completed
10. Tác giả của đoạn văn ngụ ý rằng ______.
A. chưa tính đến quá trình hình thành núi
B. các dãy núi dưới đáy đại dương dẫn đến hình thành núi bề mặt
C. rìa đứt gãy và rìa lục địa là những phần của rìa mảng
D quá trình hình thành lục địa . chưa được hoàn thành
Clue: This process also accounts for the occurrence of mountain belts in ocean basins and produces
evidence for the ongoing continental plate evolution.
Quá trình này cũng giải thích cho sự xuất hiện của các vành đai núi trong các lưu vực đại dương và tạo ra
bằng chứng cho quá trình tiến hóa mảng lục địa đang diễn ra.
Part 6. For questions 1–10, read the following passage.
Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the correct
number, i-ix in corresponding numbered boxes. (15 points)
0. Paragraph A: vi. (example) 1. Paragraph B: vii. 2. Paragraph C: i.
3. Paragraph D: iv. 4. Paragraph E: viii. 5. Paragraph F: ii.

B
This tale of a single rescued child hints at some of the reasons for Finland’s amazing record of education
success. The transformation of its education system began some 40 years ago but teachers had little idea it
had been so successful until 2000. In this year, the first results from the Programme for International Student
Assessment (PISA), a standardized test given to 15-year- olds in more than 40 global venues, revealed
Finnish youth to be the best at reading in the world. Three years later, they led in math. By 2006, Finland
was first out of the 57 nations that participate in science. In the latest PISA scores, the nation came
second in science, third in reading and sixth in math among nearly half a million students worldwide
(Q2) (Q7).
Câu chuyện về một đứa trẻ được ‘giải cứu’ này gợi ý một số lý do giải thích cho thành công giáo dục đáng
kinh ngạc của Phần Lan. Sự chuyển đổi hệ thống giáo dục của nó đã bắt đầu cách đây khoảng 40 năm
nhưng các giáo viên ít biết rằng nó đã thành công như vậy cho đến năm 2000. Trong năm này, kết quả đầu
tiên từ Chương trình Đánh giá Học sinh Quốc tế (PISA), một bài kiểm tra tiêu chuẩn cho những đứa trẻ 15
tuổi tại hơn 40 địa điểm trên toàn cầu, cho thấy giới trẻ Phần Lan đọc sách giỏi nhất thế giới. Ba năm sau,
họ dẫn đầu về môn Toán. Đến năm 2006, Phần Lan là quốc gia đầu tiên trong số 57 quốc gia tham gia vào
lĩnh vực khoa học. Trong điểm số PISA mới nhất, quốc gia này đứng thứ hai về khoa học, thứ ba về đọc và
thứ sáu về Toán trong số gần nửa triệu học sinh trên toàn thế giới.
C
In the United States, government officials have attempted to improve standards by
introducing marketplace competition into public schools (Q3). In recent years, a group of Wall Street
financiers and philanthropists such as Bill Gates have put money behind private sector ideas, such as charter
schools, which have doubled in number in the past decade. President Obama, too, apparently thought
competition was the answer. One policy invited states to compete for federal dollars using tests and other
methods to measure teachers, a philosophy that would not be welcome in Finland. ‘I think, in fact, teachers
would tear off their shirts,’ said Timo Heikkinen, a Helsinki principal with 24 years of teaching experience.
If you only measure the statistics, you miss the human aspect.’
 attempt to do something /əˈtempt/ (verb): nỗ lực
 philanthropist /fɪˈlænθrəpɪst/ (noun): mạnh thường quân
Tại Hoa Kỳ, các quan chức chính phủ đã cố gắng cải thiện các tiêu chuẩn bằng cách đưa sự cạnh tranh trên
thị trường vào các trường công lập. Trong những năm gần đây, một nhóm các nhà tài chính và nhà từ thiện
ở Phố Wall như Bill Gates đã bỏ tiền ra hỗ trợ các ý tưởng của khu vực tư nhân, chẳng hạn như các trường
bán công, đã tăng gấp đôi số lượng trong thập kỷ qua. Tổng thống Obama cũng nghĩ rằng cạnh tranh là câu
trả lời. Một chính sách đã mời các bang cạnh tranh để giành được đô la liên bang bằng cách sử dụng các
bài kiểm tra và các phương pháp khác để đánh giá giáo viên, một triết lý sẽ không được hoan nghênh ở
Phần Lan. Timo Heikkinen, hiệu trưởng Helsinki với 24 năm kinh nghiệm giảng dạy cho biết: “Tôi nghĩ
thực tế là giáo viên sẽ xé áo ra đi. Nếu bạn chỉ đo lường các số liệu thống kê, bạn đã bỏ lỡ khía cạnh con
người. ‘
D
There are no compulsory standardized tests in Finland, apart from one exam at the end of students’ senior
year in high school. There is no competition between students, schools or regions. Finland’s schools are
publicly funded. The people in the government agencies running them, from national officials to local
authorities, are educators rather than business people or politicians. Every school has the same national goals
and draws from the same pool of university-trained educators. The result is that a Finnish child has a good
chance of getting the same quality education no matter whether he or she lives in a rural village or a
university town (Q4).
Ở Phần Lan không có bài kiểm tra tiêu chuẩn bắt buộc nào, ngoài một kỳ thi vào cuối năm cuối cấp ba của
học sinh. Không có sự cạnh tranh giữa học sinh, trường học hoặc khu vực. Các trường học của Phần Lan
được tài trợ công khai. Những người trong các cơ quan chính phủ điều hành chúng, từ quan chức quốc gia
đến chính quyền địa phương, là những nhà giáo dục hơn là những người kinh doanh hay chính trị gia. Mọi
trường học đều có những mục tiêu quốc gia như nhau và đều có các nhà giáo dục được đào tạo ở trường đại
học. Kết quả là một đứa trẻ Phần Lan có cơ hội nhận được nền giáo dục chất lượng như nhau cho dù trẻ
sống ở một ngôi làng nông thôn hay thị trấn đại học.
E
It’s almost unheard of for a child to show up hungry to school. Finland provides three years of maternity
leave and subsidized day care to parents, and preschool for all five-year-olds, where the emphasis is on
socializing. In addition, the state subsidizes parents, paying them around 150 euros per month for every
child until he or she turns 17 (Q5). Schools provide food, counseling and taxi service if needed. Health care
is even free for students taking degree courses.
 maternity leave /məˈtɜːnəti liːv/ (noun): nghỉ thai sản
 subsidize somebody /ˈsʌbsɪdaɪz/ (verb): trợ cấp
Việc một đứa trẻ mang bụng đói đến trường là điều hầu như chưa từng có. Phần Lan cung cấp ba năm nghỉ
thai sản và trợ cấp dịch vụ giữ trẻ ban ngày cho cha mẹ và trường mầm non cho tất cả trẻ em năm tuổi, nơi
tập trung vào hoạt động xã hội. Ngoài ra, nhà nước còn trợ cấp cho phụ huynh, trả họ khoảng 150 euro mỗi
tháng cho mỗi đứa trẻ cho đến khi trẻ bước sang tuổi 17. Trường học cung cấp dịch vụ ăn uống, tư vấn và
taxi nếu cần. Chăm sóc sức khỏe thậm chí còn miễn phí cho sinh viên tham gia các khóa học cấp bằng.
F
Finland’s schools were not always a wonder. For the first half of the twentieth century, only the privileged
got a quality education. But in 1963, the Finnish Parliament made the bold decision to choose public
education as the best means of driving the economy forward and out of recession (Q6) (Q8). Public schools
were organized into one system of comprehensive schools for ages 7 through 16. Teachers from all over the
nation contributed to a national curriculum that provided guidelines, not prescriptions, for them to refer to
(Q9). Besides Finnish and Swedish (the country’s second official language), children started learning a third
language (English is a favorite) usually beginning at age nine (Q10). The equal distribution
of equipment was next, meaning that all teachers had their fair share of teaching resources to aid
learning (Q11). As the comprehensive schools improved, so did the upper secondary schools (grades 10
through 12). The second critical decision came in 1979, when it was required that every teacher gain a fifth-
year Master’s degree in theory and practice, paid for by the state (Q12). From then on, teachers were
effectively granted equal status with doctors and lawyers. Applicants began flooding teaching programs, not
because the salaries were so high but because autonomous decision making and respect made the job
desirable (Q13). And as Louhivuori explains, ‘We have our own motivation to succeed because we love the
work.’
 the privileged /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒd/ (noun): những người có đặc quyền
 recession /rɪˈseʃn/ (noun): suy thoái kinh tế
 autonomous /ɔːˈtɒnəməs/ (adj): tự chủ, tự mình
Các trường học của Phần Lan không phải lúc nào cũng là một điều kỳ diệu. Trong nửa đầu thế kỷ XX, chỉ
những người có đặc quyền mới có được một nền giáo dục chất lượng. Nhưng vào năm 1963, Quốc hội Phần
Lan đã đưa ra quyết định táo bạo khi chọn giáo dục công là phương tiện tốt nhất để thúc đẩy nền kinh tế
tiến lên và thoát khỏi suy thoái. Các trường công lập được tổ chức thành một hệ thống trường học toàn diện
dành cho lứa tuổi từ 7 đến 16. Bên cạnh tiếng Phần Lan và tiếng Thụy Điển (ngôn ngữ chính thức thứ hai
của đất nước), trẻ em bắt đầu học ngôn ngữ thứ ba (tiếng Anh là một ngôn ngữ được yêu thích) thường bắt
đầu từ chín tuổi. Tiếp theo là việc phân phối thiết bị đồng đều, có nghĩa là tất cả giáo viên đều có phần tài
nguyên giảng dạy công bằng để hỗ trợ việc học. Khi các trường phổ thông được cải thiện toàn diện, các
trường trung học phổ thông (lớp 10 đến lớp 12) cũng vậy. Quyết định quan trọng thứ hai được đưa ra vào
năm 1979, khi nhà nước yêu cầu mọi giáo viên phải có bằng Thạc sĩ năm thứ năm về lý thuyết và thực hành,
do nhà nước chi trả. Từ đó trở đi, các giáo viên có địa vị bình đẳng với bác sĩ và luật sư một cách hiệu quả.
Các ứng viên bắt đầu tràn ngập các chương trình giảng dạy, không phải vì mức lương quá cao mà vì quyền
tự quyết định và sự tôn trọng khiến công việc trở nên đáng mơ ước. Và như Louhivuori giải thích, ‘Chúng
tôi có động lực riêng để thành công bởi vì chúng tôi yêu thích công việc.’

Questions 7-13: Complete the notes below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A
NUMBER from the passage for each answer Write your answers in boxes 7-13 on your answer sheet.
The school system in Finland
PISA tests
In the most recent tests, Finland’s top subject was 7…………………
> In the latest PISA scores (~ in the most recent tests), the nation came second in science, third in reading
and sixth in math.
> Đáp án: science
History
1963:
A new school system was needed to improve Finland’s 8…………………
> For the first half of the twentieth century, only the privileged got a quality education. But in 1963, the
Finnish Parliament made the bold decision to choose public education (~ a new school system) as the best
means of driving the economy forward (~ improve Findland’s economy).
> Đáp án: economy
Schools followed 9………………… that were created partly by teachers.
> Teachers from all over the nation contributed to (~ created partly) a national curriculum that provided
guidelines, not prescriptions, for them to refer to (~ schools followed).
> Đáp án: guidelines
Young pupils had to study an additional 10…………………
> Besides Finnish and Swedish (the country’s second official language), children started learning a third
language (English is a favorite) usually beginning at age nine (~ young pupils).
> Đáp án: language
All teachers were given the same 11………………… to use.
> The equal distribution (~ the same) of equipment was next, meaning that all teachers had their fair share
(~ the same) of teaching resources to aid learning.
> Đáp án: equipment/ resources
1979:
Teachers had to get a 12………………… but they did not have to pay for this.
> The second critical decision came in 1979, when it was required that every teacher gain a fifth-year
Master’s degree in theory and practice, paid for by the state (~ not have to pay for it).
> Đáp án: Master’s degree/ Masters degree
Applicants were attracted to the 13………………… that teaching received.
> Teachers were effectively granted equal status with doctors and lawyers. Applicants began flooding
teaching programs, not because the salaries were so high but because autonomous decision making and
respect made the job desirable (~ attracted to).
> Đáp án: respect/ status

Part 7
47 В. The development in question is World Wide Web, which is stated in the last sentence of the
paragraph.

48 D. Science Policy Centre work, journals and discussion meetings are the ways that are meant to make the
public more informed on the matters of science.

49 C. An example of young mathematicians from India that had posted result of their research and the rapid
reaction to it are mentioned in the middle of this paragraph.

50 C. Sentence two of this paragraph: “The latter cries out for an informal system of quality control”. This
sentence refers to the urgent need to regulate blogosphere that can be a source of all kinds of unconfirmed
and even harmful data.

51 A. Last sentence of the paragraph mentions Trailblazing website which can be used to access data on
scientific discoveries of the past.

52 E. Middle of this paragraph: “Scientists often bemoan the public’s weak grasp of science”

53 A. Middle of the paragraph describes a “procedure whereby scientific ideas are subject to peer review”
that is still used.

54 E. First few sentences of this paragraph confirm that scientific knowledge and discoveries are not always
conclusive and there are certain controversies connected to them.

55 E. Second part of the paragraph talks about involvement of media, politicians and institutions in certain
scientific matters, so the issue is no longer purely scientific.

56 D. First part of the paragraph: “… the widening gulf between what science enables us to do and what it’s
prudent or ethical actually to do”.

Part 8
11.have it out with
have it out with; Thảo luận hoặc tranh luận một vấn đề để cải thiện tình hình

12.was lying through his teeth

Lie through one’s teeth : nói dối trắng trợn
13.Tom put his success down to incredible luck.
Put sth down to: quy cái gì là do,quy cho là
14.Our children are head over heels in love with Korean singers.
Be head over heels in love with : đắm chìm trong tình yêu vs ,say mê mẩn ai đó/cái gì
15.Did you have any misgivings about telling the truth?
misgivings : a feeling of doubt or apprehension about the outcome or consequences of something.
16,He was shouting at the top of his voice.
at the top of his voice: nói rất to; hét toáng lên.
17,The prisoner was recaptured as he made a dash for the gate
Make a dash for: lao thẳng,chạy thẳng về phía nào

18. However unfavorable our position is, we must put a bold face on it.
Put a bold face on: seem bold or confident about
19.Timothy has got a chip on his shoulder about his failure to get into university.
Get a chip on one’s shoulder: to seem angry all the time because you think you have been treated unfairly or
feel you are not as good as other people
20 I happen to know the manager of the firm. I can put in a good word for you if you like.
Put in a good word : say positive things about someone

Test 20
Phần 1:
PART 1: Circle the letter before the best answers according to the recording
1. What is one of Shawn's concerns about the dog?
A. It can be somewhat aggressive.
B. It eats too much food at one time.
C. The dog might mess on his carpet.
2. What is Shawn supposed to do between 3:00-4:00 p.m. for the dog?
A. Take the dog for some exercise with a Frisbee.
B. Feed him an afternoon doggie treat for a snack.
C. Let the dog watch a program on television.
3. Which point is NOT true about the cat?
A. The cat becomes a little moody at times.
B. The cat enjoys listening to rock music.
C. The cat will run away if it gets outside the house.
4. What can we infer from the conversation on the snake's reaction to Shawn?
A. The snake appears to warm up to him.
B. The snake doesn't care for Shawn at all.
C. The snake is extremely shy of Shawn.
5. What is Shawn's final response to Norman?
A. Norman should seek someone who is well-trained with animals.
B. Norman should take his animals to the zoo for special care.
C. Norman agrees to watch them for a lot of extra money.
PART 2: Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) or not given (NG)
1. Jackie was surprised that David had problems placing his order.
2. David needs to order the software for his office.
3. Jackie gives him the 25% discount even though he's not ordering online.
4. Jackie tells David that the free microphones are usually not very good quality.
5. David buys both versions of the software.
PART 3
1. Both Hilary and Mike comment that not everybody ___________ what SETI is.
2. Hilary says that SETI researchers all believe in ___________ planets.
3. She uses the snail example to illustrate __________ involved.
4. NASA sent messages on spacecraft during the ____________.
5. Current SETI techniques involve _____________ rather than sending signals.
6. In an ideal world, NASA would like to find ___________ and not just simple plant life.
7. It's possible to get depressed by the continued ___________ but Hilary remains optimistic.
8. One reason an advanced form of life cannot be detected is that they may have ___________
themselves.
9. Hilary mentions nuclear proliferation, overpopulation and ___________ as examples of how our
civilization puts itself in danger.
10. If Hilary met any aliens, she would ask them how it was possible for them ____________.
Phần 2

Part 1: A. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS (5 points)

Choose the word which best completes each sentence.
1. The latest novel by Grant is hilarious. It had me______ stitches.
A. in B. at C. on D. with
2. The computer has______ a long way over the last thirty years.
A. taken on B. come on C. broken down D. put in
3. Steve threw______ his chances of passing by spending too much time on the first question.
A. on B. off C. away D. in
4. Did you notice Bob trying to _________ doing the washing-up.
A. get up to B. break out of C. get out of D. get along with
5. This pesticide kills insects______ contact.
A. with B. at C. for D. on
6. Eva doesn’t care what she says. People are often______by her outspoken comments.
A. set aside B. taken aback C. stood over D. taken off
7. Steve used to be easy to work with, but since his promotion he’s begun to______ .
A. throw his weight around B. throw in the towel
C. throw him off balance D. turn up trumps
8. The new regim determined to ________ compulsory military service.
A. stop of B. end up C. phase out D. break off
9. Terry’s quite nice really. Don’t be______by his appearance.
A. checked off B. put off C. set on D. taken over
10. The court______ scot-free.
A. let her off B. took her away C. set her up D. kept her out

Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

B. COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS (5 points)

Choose the word which best completes each sentence.
1. It takes a very determined person to achieve results as good as this; you really have to put your ______ to
it.
A. mind B. head C. brain D. thoughts
2. They are always on the______ young and versatile people.
A. search for B. look out for C. need for D. terms of
3. There's a______ balance between success and failure.
A. small B. narrow C. fine D. light
4. My camera was stolen from my bag at the airport so I _________ a claim on my insurance.
A. had B. did C. took D. made
5. Reports that he earns more than $5m a year are______ exaggerated.
A. grossly B. perfectly C. absolutely D. extremely
6. The manager hesitated to assign the job to the newcomer as he was__________ .
A. wet behind the ears B. feeling your ears burning
C. ringing in your ears D. keeping your ears open
7. If you want to solve the problem for ever, you must face a difficulty or danger boldly, that is, you
must_________ .
A. pull the bull’s horns B. take the bull by horns
C. blow your own horn D. be on the horns of a dilemma
8. Mrs Roy ________ on Saturday evening parties-you’ll find all kinds of people there.
A. keeps the doors of the house open B. sets her house in order
C. keeps an open house D. brings the house down
9. Terry______of the matter long ago.
A. was good with his hands B. got his hands dirty
C. had his hands full D. washed his hands
10. People are always critical. One needs to______ to cope with criticism.
A. have a thick skin B. have a thin skin
C. get under their skin D. make their skin crawl

Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 2:
The passage below contains 10 mistakes. Identify and correct the mistakes. Write your answers in the
answer box below. Line (0) has been done for you as an example. (10 points)

Line THE EIGHTH WONDER OF THE WORLD

0 The Thames Barrier is a major part of the flood defending scheme for protecting
1 London against rise water levels. The defenses also include raised river Source: FCE
2 embankments and additional flood gates at strategic points, including the Barking successful practice
3 Barrier. The unique structure that are the Barrier spans the 520-metre wide tests
4 Woolwich reach and consist of 10 separate movable gates, each pivoting and Your answers
5 supported between concrete structures which house the operating machinery. e.g. Line 0:
6 When raising, the four main gates each stands as high as a five-storey building defending 
7 and as wide as the opening of Tower Bridge. Each weights 3700 tonnes. During defence
8 Linethe first twelve years of operation,
Mistake the Barrier has
Correction Lineclosed twenty-nine
Mistake times to Correction
9 protect London.
10 View the Barrier from the comfortable cafeteria. Picnic at the riverside
11 embankment. Enjoy beautiful views from the riverside walk. Visit the shop stocks
12 a large selection of souvenirs, books and Barrier information.
13
There is a children play area suitable for 4-to-12-year olds, located adjacent near
the riverside walk. A visit to the spectacular Thames Barrier is a memorable
experience.
Part 3. Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. Write
your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
Digitally connected manufacturing, often (86) _________ “Industry 4.0”, (87) __________ a wide variety of
technologies, ranging from 3D printing to robotics, new materials and production systems.
A move towards Industry 4.0 would benefit the private sector. Large, integrated manufacturers would find in
it a way to (88) __________ and shorten their supply chain, for example via flexible factories. A more
digitalized manufacturing would also open new market (89) _________ for SMEs providing such
specialized technologies as sensors, robotics, 3D printing or machine-to-machine communications.
For developed nations, Industry 4.0—a term initially (90) __________ in Germany—could be a way to
regain manufacturing competitiveness. This is particularly relevant in the case of Western Europe, which,
unlike the US, does not currently enjoy reduced energy costs.
As for (91) __________ markets, Industry 4.0 could provide the much-needed route to moving up the value
chain, something that has become increasingly important to achieve in the (92) ___________ of rising labor
costs. For example, China’s new ten-year plan, issued last May and (93) ____________ named “Made in
China 2025”, targets key sectors such as robotics, information technology and energy (94) ___________
turning the country from a “manufacturing giant” into a “world manufacturing power.
As promising as it is, much more work remains to be done to make Industry 4.0 a large scale reality. On the
regulatory side, for instance, policymakers will have to ensure that data—the (95) ___________ of Industry
4.0—can move freely and securely throughout the supply chain, including across borders. This is an effort
that is likely to take some time.
86. A. deferred to as B. referred to as C. deferred to D. referred to
87. A. involves B. supports C. encompasses D. necessitates
88. A. optimize B. maximize C. customize D. legitimize
89. A. chances B. possibilities C. opportunities D. places
90. A. yielded B. pieced C. lauded D. coined
91. A. novel B. emerging C. premature D. immature
92. A. loop B. teeth C. feat D. wake
93. A. aptly B. particularly C. unwittingly D. distinctively
94. A. in the interests of B. in lieu of C. in awe of D. in the hope of
95. A. pins and needles B. nuts and bolts C. root and branch D. part and parcel

Part 4: Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in
each space. Write your answers in the space provided. (1.5 pts.)

A very useful bag

Imagine you are walking to school listening to music on your MP3 player. All of a sudden, it stops working
and you 1. _______that the batteries have run out. Wouldn’t it be wonderful if you could simply 2.
______the batteries wherever you are? This might be possible in a few years’ 3._____as scientists are now
working on a bag that make electricity. They say that all someone needs to do is put the bag their back and
start walking. The 4.______ of the body makes electricity in a special part of the bag. This new 5._____
sounds like a brilliant idea, doesn’t it? Scientists developed the “electric backpack” in order to help soldiers,
who often carry around with them torches, radios and other equipment. All these things 6_______ on
batteries and at the moment, the soldiers 7._____ on these batteries to 8_______ the power this equipment
needs. With the “electric backpack”, the soldiers won’t need to 9.______ extra batteries around with them.
Rescue workers and mountain climbers will also find the bag 10._______, as will students who don’t want
their MP3 players to run out by chance on their way to school
Part 5:
Part 1. Read the passage and choose the best answers (A, B, C or D) to the questions.(10 pts)
Population ecology is the science that measures changes in population size and composition and
identifies the causes of these fluctuations. Population ecology is not concerned solely with the human
population. In ecological terms, a population consists of the individuals of one species that simultaneously
occupy the same general area, rely on the same resources, and are affected by similar environmental factors.
The characteristics of a population are shaped by its size and by the interactions among individuals and
between individuals and their environment.
Population size is a balance between factors that increase numbers and factors that decrease numbers.
Some factors that increase populations are favourable light and temperature, adequate food supply, suitable
habitat, ability to compete for resource, and ability to adapt to environmental change. Factors that decrease
populations are insufficient or excessive light and temperature, inadequate food supply, unsuitable or
destroyed habitat, too many competitors for resources, and inability to adapt to environmental change.
Another important characteristic of any population is its density. Population density is the number of
individuals per units, such as the number of maple trees per square kilometer in a county. Ecologists can
rarely determine population size by actually counting all individuals within geographical boundaries.
Instead, they often use a variety of sampling techniques to estimate densities and total population sizes. For
example, they might estimate the number of black bears in a national park by counting individuals in a few
sample plots representative of the whole park. In some cases, they estimate population size through indirect
indicators, such as the number of nests or burrows, or signs such as tracks or droppings.
Another important population characteristic, dispersion, is the pattern of spacious among individuals
within the population’s geographical boundaries. Various species are distributed in their habitats in different
ways to take better advantage of food supplies and shelter, and to avoid predators or find prey. Within a
population’s range, densities may vary greatly because not all areas provide equally suitable habitat, and
also because individuals space themselves in relation to other members of the population.
Three possible patterns of dispersion are clumped, uniform, and random. A clumped dispersion
pattern means that individuals are gathered in patches throughout their habitat. Clumping often results from
the irregular distribution of resources needed for survival and reproduction. For example, fallen trees keep
the forest floor moist, and many forest insects are clumped under logs where the humidity is to their liking.
Clumping may also be associated with mating, safety, or other social behavior. Crane flies, for example,
swarm in great numbers, a behavior that increases mating chances, and some fish swim in large schools so
they are less likely to be eaten by predators.
A uniform or evenly spaced distribution results from direct interactions among individuals in the
population. For example, regular spacing of plants may result from shading and competitions for water. In
animal populations, uniform distribution is usually caused by competition for some resource or by social
interactions that set up individual territories for feeding, breeding, or testing.
Random spacing occurs in the absence of strong attraction or repulsion among individuals in a
population. Overall, random pattern are rare in nature, with most populations showing a tendency toward
either clumped or uniform distribution.
Populations change in size, structure, and distribution as they respond to changes in environmental
conditions. Four main variables- births, deaths, immigration and emigration – determine the rate of change
in the size of the population over time. A change in the birth rate or death is the major way that most
populations respond to changes in resource availability. Members of some animal species can avoid or
reduce the effects of another with more favorable environmental conditions, thus altering the population’s
dispersion.
1.According to the passage, which factor might cause the population of a species to decrease in size?
A. A favorable amount of light and water
B. An ability to hide from or defend against predators
C. A large number of other species competing for food
D. A greater number of births than deaths
2. Which of the following is an indirect indicator of a population’s density?
A. The distribution of food in a given area
B. The number of nests in a given area
C. The number of births in a given period of time
D. The number of individuals counted in a given area
3. The distribution pattern of individuals within a population’s geographical boundaries is known as
A. population ecology B. population density
C. population change D. population dispersion
4. The word range in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
A. territory B. control C. history D. shelter
5. The word patches in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to
A. dark placesB. family groups C. warm spotsD. small areas
6. The word their in paragraph 5 refers to
A. resources B. trees C. insects D. logs
7. All of the following are given as reasons for clumping EXCEPT
A. uneven resource distribution B. territorial disputes
C. mating behavior D. safety from predators
8. The phrase set up in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to
A. forbid B. establish C. increase D. conceal
9. Which of the following situation s would be most likely to result in a uniform dispersion pattern?
A. Birds compete for a place to build their nests
B. Fish swim in large schools to avoid predators
C. Whales develop strong bonds among relatives
D. Elephants form a circle to protect their young
10. Why does the author mention immigration and emigration in paragraph 8?
A. To identify factors affecting population dispersion
B. To give examples of territorial behavior in animals
C. To show that populations balance themselves over time
D. To explain why animal populations are uniformly dispersed
 Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 2. The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A–G. Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A–
G from the list below. Write the correct number, i–ix, in boxes 1-13 on your answer sheet.(10 pts)
List of headings
I. key people that made a difference
II. An alternative to fingerprinting
III. The significance of prints
IV. How to identify a criminal
V. Patterns in the making
VI. An uncertain past
VII. Family connections

1. Paragraph A ____________
2. Paragraph B ____________
3. Paragraph C ____________
4. Paragraph D ____________
5. Paragraph E ____________
A. To detectives, the answers lie at the end of our fingers. Fingerprinting offers an accurate and infallible
means of personal identification. The ability to identify a person from a mere fingerprint is a powerful tool
in the fight against crime. It is the most commonly used forensic evidence, often outperforming other
methods of identification. These days, older methods of ink fingerprinting, which could take weeks, have
given way to newer, faster techniques like fingerprint laser scanning, but the principles stay the same. No
matter which way you collect fingerprint evidence, every single person’s print is unique. So, what makes our
fingerprints different from our neighbors?
B. A good place to start is to understand what fingerprints are and how they are created. A fingerprint is
the arrangement of skin ridges and furrows on the tips of the fingers. This ridged skin develops fully during
foetal development, as the skin cells grow in the mother’s womb. These ridges are arranged into patterns and
remain the same throughout the course of a person’s life. Other visible human characteristics, like weight
and height, change over time whereas fingerprints do not. The reason why ever fingerprint is unique is that
when a baby’s genes combine with environmental influences, such as temperature, it affects the way the
ridges on the skin grow. It makes the ridges develop at different rates, buckling and bending into patterns.
As a result, no two people end up having the same fingerprints. Even identical twins possess dissimilar
fingerprints.
C. It is not easy to map the journey of how the unique quality of the fingerprint came to be discovered.
The moment in history it happened is not entirely clear. However, the use of fingerprinting can be traced
back to some ancient civilizations, such as Babylon and China, where thumbprints were pressed onto clay
tablets to confirm business transactions. Whether people at this time actually realized the full extent of how
fingerprints were important for identification purposes is another matter altogether. One cannot be sure if the
act was seen as a means to confirm identity or a symbolic gesture to blind a contract, where giving your
fingerprint was like giving your word.
D. Despite this uncertainty, there are those who made a significant contribution towards the analysis of
fingerprinting. History tells us that a 14th century Persian doctor made an early statement that no two
fingerprints are alike. Later, in the 17 th century, Italian physician Marcello Malpighi studied the
distinguishing shapes of loops and spirals in fingerprints. In his honor, the medical world later named a layer
of skin after him. It was, however, an employee for the East India Company, William Herschel, who came to
see the true potential of fingerprinting. He took fingerprints from the local people as a form of signature for
contracts, in order to avoid fraud. His fascination with fingerprints propelled him to study them for the next
twenty years. He developed the theory that fingerprints were unique to an individual and did not change at
all over a lifetime. In 1880 Henry Faulds suggested that fingerprints could be used to identify convicted
criminals. He wrote to Charles Darwin for advice, and the idea was referred on to Darwin’s cousin, Sir
Francis Galton. Galton eventually published an in-depth study of fingerprint science in 1892.
E. Although the fact that each person has a totally unique fingerprint pattern had been well documented
and accepted for a long time, this knowledge was not exploited for criminal identification until the early 20 th
century. In the past, branding, tattooing and maiming had been used to mark the criminal for what he was. In
 some countries, thieves would have their hands cut off. France branded criminals with the fleur-de-lis
symbol. The Romans tattooed mercenary soldiers to stop them from becoming deserters.
F. For many years, police agencies in the Western world were reluctant to use fingerprinting, much
preferring the popular method of the time, the Bertillon System, where dimensions of certain body parts
were recorded to identify a criminal. The turning point was in 1903 when a prisoner by the name of Will
West was admitted into Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary. Amazingly, Will had almost the same Bertillon
measurements as another prisoner residing at the very same prison, whose name happened to be William
West. It was the only their fingerprints that could tell them apart. From that point on, fingerprinting became
the standard for criminal identification.
G. Fingerprinting was useful in identifying people with a history of crime and who were listed on a
database. However, in situations where the perpetrator was not on the database and a crime had no
witnesses, the system fell short. Fingerprint chemistry is a new technology that can work alongside
traditional fingerprinting to find clues than ever before. From organic compounds left behind on a print, a
scientist can tell if the person is a child, an adult, a mature person or a smoker, and much more. It seems,
after all these years, fingers continue to point the way.
For questions 6-10, decide which statement is true, false and not given. Write T for True, F for False, and
NG for Not Given.
6. Fingerprinting is the only effective method for identifying criminals.
7. The ridges and patterns that make up fingerprints develop before birth.
8. Malpighi conducted his studies in Italy.
9. Roman soldiers were tattooed to prevent them from committing violent crimes.
10. Fingerprint chemistry can identify if a fingerprint belongs to an elderly person.
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 3: You are going to read an article about polyglots, people who speak many languages. For
questions 1-10, choose from the people (A-D). the people may be chosen more than once.
Questions Answers
1. a lack of cocern about their identity?
2. advice about when to fit an important aspect of language acquisition?
3. a reason for concentrating on one language at a time?
4. a means of coping with the most challenging phase of language
acquisition?
5. a description of the stages in a person’s language learning method?
6. an early appreciation of an advantage of being multilingual?
7. a long-term view of their own language leraning?
8. an emotion brought on by the sound of a language?
9. appreciation for an experience arising from being a polyglot?
10. the prospect of changing their language-learning goal?

Natural born linguists

What drives multi-language speakers? Martin Williams finds out.
A. Ludmila Orlova
Being multilingual is fundamental to who I am because I think in different
languages. My mind starts a thought in one language, then finds a particular word in
another language that fits exactly what I am thinking. Each language resonates with
me in a distinct way. Russian makes me more melancholic because of its minor tone,
for example. There's a downside though: when I'm in a monolingual environment for
too long, I yearn to switch to a different language. I have to think "will this person
understand me if I say something in language X"?
I had an early start at learning languages. I moved to the US from the former Soviet
Union when I was three and learnt English quickly. For some reason though, my
primary teacher didn't think I was bright enough to study languages at secondary
school which goes to show you that general academic achievement isn't always a
 good indicator of one's ability to learn a language. If I had just studied languages the
formal way in school, I would never have become a hyperpolyglot.
B. Simon Richards
I was always fascinated by languages and accents – I tried to mimic them all the
time when I was a child. At school I was always drawn to the kids who had some
link to abroad and I wanted to find out more. I got to study languages at school and
university eventually, and it grew from there. Today, my daily life is multilingual. I
often get mistaken for other nationalities and I honestly no longer regard nationality
as important. It seems almost odd for me to talk about being just British now.
Learning languages is an endless and ongoing process for me, which I intend to
continue for as long as my body will allow. When I am really in the learning zone,
my focus is narrow and I try to forget about my other languages. If I did, I'd go mad
I simply start a new language and don't think about the others, unless I see obvious
links to help the learning process and to understand grammar.
C. Anthony Fields
I used to spend long summers in Greece and Japan as a child, trying to play with
the other kids, but none of them spoke any English . It struck me how nice would it
be to be able to talk to anybody in the world, regardless of what language they
spoke. Pronunciation is the most important thing for me. So I start off really basic,
focus on that. Once I to feel more confident, I move on to music from the language
to tune in further. The dead time when you're on a bus or doing any mundane task
is deal for squeezing incrucial subconscious language learning, which will all pay
off in the long run. Learning new languages never stops: there is always more to
learn. But my student days are almost over and the prospect of searching for a
career is looming closer – so I am thinking about taking a couple of languages to a
much higher level. Speaking other languages at native level is an entirely different
task with different rewards to just being a polyglot.
D. Liam Clarke
I did poorly in languages in school. I barely passed German and, until I was 21, I only
spoke English. I moved to Spain after graduating; after six months, I still hadn’t
leraned any Spainish. I kept telling myself that I didn't have the language gene.
Eventually I decided to put my excuses aside and dive in. It took a few weeks, but as
soon as I had a basic conversation in Spanish I got hooked. That was 10 years ago, and
since then I've travelled the world, learning the many languages. I don't think visiting
the country where the language is spoken is really that necessary nowadays, because
of the internet. But if you do travel, it opens a lot of interesting doors.I recently had a
birthday lunch withfour generations of Italians, for example. No way would that have
happened If I’d only spoken English. The initial stage is the hardest, but the only real
way to get through this is to grin and bear it. I’ve learned to ignore the fact that I’m
making mistakes. That confidence allows me to strive for the next level.

Part 8:
11. We conducted market research to see whether the public would like our new car. [gauge]
➔ We carried __________________________________________________________________.
12. I think the mayor is involved in everything that goes on in this town.PIE
I think the mayor has ..................................................................................
13. Peter was in trouble with his boss because he didn’t finish an important project by the deadline.
[hot]
➔ Missing _____________________________________________________________________.
14. His latest theory is in complete opposition to mainstream thinking. FACE
His latest theory is __________________________________________________
15. He worked very hard but he was unable to earn enough for his living. [nose]
➔ Despite ________________________________________________________________ meet.
16. She herself admitted to having given false figures in the company’s financial records. [fiddled]
➔ On _________________________________________________________________________.
17. Tom is forever teasing Daisy for having spoonerism. [mickey]
➔ On account __________________________________________________________________.
18. Sam did all the illustrations for the book but no one acknowledged his work. [credit]
➔ For ________________________________________________________________________.
19. Had it not been for John, she couldn’t have got the job. [agency]
➔ Only _______________________________________________________________________.
20. Mrs. Black has promised to help me on Monday. [service]
➔ Mrs. Black has given __________________________________________________________.

KEY
Phần 1:
PART 1
1. It can be somewhat aggressive.
2. Let the dog watch a program on television.
3. The cat enjoys listening to rock music.
4. The snake doesn't care for Shawn at all.
5. Norman should seek someone who is well-trained with animals.
Norman: Hey, neighbor. How's it going?
Shawn: Fine. How about you?
Norman: Okay. Huh, by the way, my wife and I are going out of town this weekend, and I was wondering if
you could take care of some of our animals while we're gone. You know our dog, Jaws, don't you?
Shawn: Yeah. My leg still hurts from the last incident.
Norman: Hey, he's just a playful little beast.
Shawn: Right.
Norman: Hey, he likes to bark a little, and his bark is worse than his bite.
Shawn: Oh yeah.
Norman: Just feed him a can of dog food a day, and make sure he has plenty of water in his dish. [Oh] And
then, take him for a walk around the block.
Shawn: Well, how about if I just throw a Frisbee over the fence to give him some exercise? Wouldn't that
work?
Norman: Ah, and then, he likes to watch the 3:00 soap opera on Channel 4 [What?] . . . and brush his teeth
after you give you some doggie treats around 4:00.
Shawn: Man, you really pamper your dog.
Norman: And, then brush his fur for about twenty minutes. He tends to shed this time of year. [Ah, what?]
And then scratch him around the ears. Otherwise, he feels neglected.
Shawn: Is that it?
Norman: Well, and then there's Claws.
Shawn: Claws? Who's Claws.
Norman: Oh, he's the cat we adopted from the animal shelter, but he's a little temperamental.
Shawn: What do you mean "temperamental"?
Norman: Well, he has mood swings [Mood swings?], but he's been doing better since he's been going to the
animal therapist.
Shawn: A therapist?
Norman: So, be sure to feed him a half cup of cat food two times a day [What? A therapist . . .], and don't
forget to put out (on) some soft classical music during his nap time at 2:40 p.m. But don't let him out of the
house because he might run away and chase the neighbor's dog.
Shawn: You have some high-maintenance animals.
Norman: Not really. And, don't forget to change the cat litter daily, or he might have an accident on the
carpet. [Oh, great.] And finally, there's Buttercup.
Shawn: Buttercup? Who's Buttercu . . . ? I'm afraid to ask.
Norman: Ah, she's a sweetie [What?] . . . if you know how to handle her right. [Oh, great.] Wait. Let me get
her for you. Here you are.
Shawn: That's . . . That's a snake . . .[Hold her.] That's a big snake with big fangs. Does the snake go to a
therapist, too?
Norman: Of course not . . . just an anger-management class.
Shawn: Oh! What?
Norman: I'm joking. Buttercup is a very docile creature, and she never bites anyone she likes. If she doesn't,
you'll know because she starts hissing and staring at you . . . . kind like what she's doing now.
Shawn: Well, I'm leaving. You must be going out of you mind to think I'm going to watch a zoo full of
misunderstood animals. You'd better hire some professional help 'cause I wouldn't watch them even if you
paid me a million dollars.
PART 2
Question 1: false.
Question 2: true.
Question 3: true.
Question 4: true.
Question 5 : false.
Jackie: Good morning, Power Net Software, this is Jackie. Can I help you?
David: Hi, I've been trying to order some of your software from the website but there seems to be a problem
because my order didn't go through.
Jackie: Oh, I'm sorry about that Sir. The technical department sent everyone a memo this morning saying
there was a problem with one of the servers. That's probably why you had some difficulty.
David: Would it be possible for me to place my order through you now? I really need this software as soon
as possible. It's for my work you see. I don't want to have to wait until tomorrow as I might be out seeing
customers.
Jackie: OK, sure. Now then, what is it you would like to order from us?
David: Your site had a great offer on something called Viva Voce. The price was something like 25% off the
normal recommended retail price. Could you tell me something more about this product please?
Jackie: Well, I'm afraid that price is only available for those of our customers who order through our site.
David: That's hardly fair, is it? I just tried to order through your site and, as I told you, the sale wouldn't go
through. Can't you give me that discount anyway?
Jackie: Yeah, I think that would be alright. It's not as if it's your fault. Now, what did you want to know
about Viva Voce? It's one of our best selling products.
David: Do you have that program also in the Professional edition? I only saw the Standard edition but we
need the extra recording software which comes with the Professional edition.
Jackie: Fine, let's have a look ... Yes, we have the Professional edition and that is also discounted 25%.
David: Now, in our office, there are both Windows and Mac computers. How much is the Mac version of
this software? I don't want to have to pay too much more.
Jackie: Hmmm, we don't seem to have the Mac version in stock at the moment. It's arriving this evening or
tomorrow morning.
David: One more question for you and then I'll be done. Is there a microphone included with the software? I
tried to find out from your website but it didn't seem to be very clear whether there was a mic included or
not.
Jackie: Yes, all our speech recognition software comes with a free microphone although, between you and
me, the quality isn't the best. I would recommend you buy a higher quality one, especially if you are
planning to use this for your work.
David: Thanks a lot for that information. Those free mics are usually pretty poor, aren't they? OK, we're
done. I have ordered through you before and my customer number is 794791. You should have all my
contact information and credit card number on file.
Jackie: 794791 ... let's see, oh yes. Here you are, Mr. David Thompson, is that correct?
David: Yes, that's me. How long will the delivery take?
Jackie: You should have this by Wednesday. Can I just confirm then - you want one Windows edition and
one Mac edition when it comes through to us this evening or tomorrow?
David: No, just send me the one Windows Professional. We'll just have to do all the speech recognition
work on the Windows computers, it's not such a big deal.
Jackie: Great. Thanks for calling Power Net Software. Have a nice morning.
David: Thanks very much, goodbye.
PART 3
Question 1: understands exactly what.
Question 2: life on other.
Question 3: the distances.
Question 4: 1960s and 1970s.
Question 5: listening for signals.
Question 6: intelligent life.
Question 7: silence from space.
Question 8: destroyed.
Question 9 : environmental damage.
Question 10: to survive.
Mike: Tonight on Science Tonight, we are joined by Professor Hilary Twaine who works at Yale University
and also participates in research on various SETI related programs for NASA and private organizations.
First Professor, you have to tell us exactly what SETI is as I feel there's a lot of confusion out there.
Hilary: Thanks Mike. It's a pleasure to be here and above all, to be given this chance to explain to your
listeners what my work is about and more importantly what it is NOT about. Many of you will know that
SETI stands for the Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence but it doesn't mean we are standing out in our
back yards looking for flying saucers in the sky.
Mike: Do you not believe in UFO's?
Hilary: Me personally? Err,..no...I think..
Mike: Oh? That surprises me greatly. It's your job, isn't it?
Hilary: Ah...this is where the confusion lies. SETI scientists do not necessarily believe that there are aliens
running around on Earth..or, for that matter, that they are flying about your neighborhood in silver discs.
Whether I or my colleagues believe in the classic notion of UFO's is immaterial. What we do all believe in is
that there is intelligent life out there somewhere in our solar system or in another galaxy - and it is that
which we seek. Not E.T in our garden shed!
Mike: OK, that makes things a bit clearer. So a belief in UFO's is not a pre-requisite to be able to do your
job.
Hilary: Exactly. We all believe these intelligent civilizations exist. But not all of us believe they have placed
a foot on our planet.
Mike: Or a paw indeed.
Hilary: Oh, of course.
Mike: Now, what does this "search for intelligence" consist of. I understand the distances involved are quite
staggering and it's not just a case of picking up the phone.
Hilary: It is one of the hardest parts of my job as SETI researcher to get across to people what a difficult task
it is trying to find this needle in a haystack. Another of my colleagues, a Professor John Turgan who works
for NASA, explained it like this to some kids in a school last year. Imagine you have a single solitary snail
sat slap bang in the center of Alaska. He knows there are two or three other snails sitting on the coast of
Alaska hundreds and hundreds of miles away and he can't go any faster than...well, we know how slow a
snail is!
Mike: Yeah, pretty slow. Is that what we face?
Hilary: Yeah, the snail can set off in one direction, travel for years and years towards a point on the coast
before trying another direction.
Mike: So we would never find anything like that.
Hilary: No, precisely! Searching for life on other planets involved a active stance in the 1960s and 1970s.
We were actively putting signals out there trying to find the other guys. We sent probes into space with
messages on, with photos and music from Earth on rudimentary picture discs. We even sent out a map of
how to find us.
Mike: That could be dangerous....these fellows might not be that friendly!
Hilary: There were many who thought that! But then in the last twenty or so years, we have taken up a more
passive policy, I mean we wait and listen out for their signals.
Mike: What's the thinking behind that?
Hilary: Well there are many reasons why this makes far more sense. First of all, it's a question of logistics.
Think of our snail in Alaska again. Instead of trying to guess where his buddy snails are, he can sit back and
wait for them to come to him. Also, we are looking for advanced civilizations. It would be nice to find some
fungus on Mars or some other planet but we would ultimately like to find an intelligent civilization - one that
was capable of long distance inter-stellar communication and possibly travel
Mike: So that is why we listen.
Hilary: Pretty much yes. We have been emanating radio and TV waves into space for about 70 years. Any
civilization within 70 light years of Earth - and that's quite a few stars, believe me - would have been made
aware of our presence by now. We are simply looking for the same tell tale signs coming from other planets
and star systems.
Mike: OK, that makes sense. But so far it seems we have found nothing.
Hilary: well, in a word, yes, that's true. A famous SETI scientist once said many years ago something to the
effect of, if these guys are out there in such great numbers as many of us believe, where are they? It's quite
worrying, the total silence and it's quite easy to begin to think that we might actually be alone here.
Mike: Do you personally believe that?
Hilary: Hmmmm, no, not really.
Mike: So how would you explain the silence?
Hilary: It could be any of a whole list of things. We may be looking in the wrong place? We may not have
the technology to pick up whatever is being broadcast by civilizations more advanced than us. Would we
have been able to pick up radio waves in the days of Jefferson and Washington? I don't think so....
Mike: Is it also true that any advanced civilization in our corner of the universe may not be around anymore?
Hilary: That is another interesting theory. What, in the end, is the life span of an advanced civilization?
Maybe these extra terrestrial intelligences got so smart that they destroyed themselves. You only need to
look at ourselves to see that possibility. We have only been what one might call advanced for a matter of a
century or two - and look at environmental damage, nuclear proliferation and overpopulation. Yeah, it's a
distinct possibility that any life form may only be at our level of advancement for a relatively short time.
Mike: Pretty depressing when you think about it.
Hilary: I'm optimistic. The universe is a staggeringly large place and we have only scanned our galaxy
really. When you think that there are as many galaxies in the observable universe as there are grains of sand
on Earth - it makes you realize we have a lot of real estate to get through yet.
Mike: What's the first question you would ask the little green men?
Hilary: Oh, good question. Hmmm....well, I think, err, I would ask how they survived!
Mike: In what sense, do...
Hilary: I mean, I mean referring back to what we were talking about before. How did you get past the stage
of being capable, technologically speaking, of destroying yourselves, something we are struggling with
today. And how did you feed an ever expanding population. And how did you ultimately control that
population without destroying the environment of your home planet. Just that!
Mike: Well, you cheated as I only gave you one question to ask!
Hilary: Oh, that's right I'm sorry...
Mike: Professor Hilary Twaine, it's been an entertaining and educational talk this evening. Be sure to come
back and tell us if ET does phone you.
Hilary: You'll be the first to know! Thanks for having me here tonight
Phần 2:
Part 1: A.
KEY
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. A
. The latest novel by Grant is hilarious. It had me______ stitches.
A. in B. at C. on D. with
Have sb in stitches= làm ai cười không ngớt,ngã ngửa
2. The computer has______ a long way over the last thirty years.
A. taken on B. come on C. broken down D. put in
Come on = start to happen or work
3. Steve threw______ his chances of passing by spending too much time on the first question.
A. on B. off C. away D. in
Throw away one’s chances = bỏ lỡ,đánh mất cơ hội
4. Did you notice Bob trying to _________ doing the washing-up.
A. get up to B. break out of C. get out of D. get along with
Break out of=Trốn thoát, thoát khỏi...
5. This pesticide kills insects______ contact.
A. with B. at C. for D. on
On contact = as soon as two things physically touch
6. Eva doesn’t care what she says. People are often______by her outspoken comments.
A. set aside B. taken aback C. stood over D. taken off
Take aback = surprise or shock someone so much that they do not know how to behave for a short time
7. Steve used to be easy to work with, but since his promotion he’s begun to______ .
A. throw his weight around B. throw in the towel
C. throw him off balance D. turn up trumps
throw his weight around = to act as if you have a lot of power or authority
throw him off balance= cảm giác choáng váng,bất ngờ
throw in the towel= đầu hàng chịu thua
8. The new regim determined to ________ compulsory military service.
A. stop of B. end up C. phase out D. break off
Phase out = remove or stop using something gradually or in stages
9. Terry’s quite nice really. Don’t be______by his appearance.
A. checked off B. put off C. set on D. taken over
Put off= make somebody dislike somebody/something or not trust them/it
10. The court______ scot-free.
A. let her off B. took her away C. set her up D. kept her out
let sb off=to not punish someone who has committed a crime or done something wrong, or to not punish
them severely
B.
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. A
1. It takes a very determined person to achieve results as good as this; you really have to put your ______ to
it.
A. mind B. head C. brain D. thoughts
Put one’s mind to = decide you are going to do something and to put a lot of effort into doing it:
2. They are always on the______ young and versatile people.
A. search for B. look out for C. need for D. terms of
look out for sb/sth=to try to notice someone or something
3. There's a______ balance between success and failure.
A. small B. narrow C. fine D. light
Fine balance =sự cân bằng hợp lý
4. My camera was stolen from my bag at the airport so I _________ a claim on my insurance.
A. had B. did C. took D. made
Make aclaim= đòi,yêu cầu điều gì
5. Reports that he earns more than $5m a year are______ exaggerated.
A. grossly B. perfectly C. absolutely D. extremely
Grossly exaggerated= cực kỳ,hết sức phóng đại
6. The manager hesitated to assign the job to the newcomer as he was__________ .
A. wet behind the ears B. feeling your ears burning
C. ringing in your ears D. keeping your ears open
wet behind the ears= inexperienced
Ring in one's ears/head' = rung lên trong tai/ đầu ai đó -> hiện diện sống động trong tâm trí của ai đó khiến
họ cảm tưởng như đang nghe thấy nó ở ngay bên cạnh; văng vẳng bên tai
Feel one's ears burning" = cảm thấy tai nóng bừng -> hẳn là có ai đang nói xấu mình.
keep your ears open=to always be listening in order to find out what is happening or to hear some useful
information
7. If you want to solve the problem for ever, you must face a difficulty or danger boldly, that is, you
must_________ .
A. pull the bull’s horns B. take the bull by horns
C. blow your own horn D. be on the horns of a dilemma
take the bull by the horns có nghĩa là giải quyết một tình huống khó khăn một cách can đảm và quyết liệt
be on the horns of a dilemma= trong tình thế tiến thoái lưỡng nan
blow your own horn= khoe khoang,khoác lác
8. Mrs Roy ________ on Saturday evening parties-you’ll find all kinds of people there.
A. keeps the doors of the house open B. sets her house in order
C. keeps an open house D. brings the house down
Keep open house" = Cứ mở cửa nhà -> Luôn tạo được sự hiếu khách, luôn tạo không khí và cảm giác được
chào đón cho khách bất cứ lúc nào
9. Terry______of the matter long ago.
 A. was good with his hands B. got his hands dirty
C. had his hands full D. washed his hands
washed his hands of=phủi bỏ trách nhiệm đáng nhẽ thuộc về mình
10. People are always critical. One needs to______ to cope with criticism.
A. have a thick skin B. have a thin skin
C. get under their skin D. make their skin crawl
have a thick skin=cứ trơ ra trước sự chỉ trích, chửi rủa
get under your skin=to make you annoyed or angry
make sb's skin crawl=If someone or something makes your skin crawl, you think they are very unpleasant or
frightening

Part 2:
Lines Mistake Correction
1 rise rising
3 are is
4 consist consists
5 raising raised
9 at on
7 weights weighs
8 has closed has been closed
10 shop stocks shop which/that stocks
12 children children’s
12 adjacent near adjacent to

Part 3: Part 3
Digitally connected manufacturing, often (86) _________ “Industry 4.0”, (87) __________ a wide variety of
technologies, ranging from 3D printing to robotics, new materials and production systems.
A move towards Industry 4.0 would benefit the private sector. Large, integrated manufacturers would find in
it a way to (88) __________ and shorten their supply chain, for example via flexible factories. A more
digitalized manufacturing would also open new market (89) _________ for SMEs providing such
specialized technologies as sensors, robotics, 3D printing or machine-to-machine communications.
For developed nations, Industry 4.0—a term initially (90) __________ in Germany—could be a way to
regain manufacturing competitiveness. This is particularly relevant in the case of Western Europe, which,
unlike the US, does not currently enjoy reduced energy costs.
As for (91) __________ markets, Industry 4.0 could provide the much-needed route to moving up the value
chain, something that has become increasingly important to achieve in the (92) ___________ of rising labor
costs. For example, China’s new ten-year plan, issued last May and (93) ____________ named “Made in
China 2025”, targets key sectors such as robotics, information technology and energy (94) ___________
turning the country from a “manufacturing giant” into a “world manufacturing power.
As promising as it is, much more work remains to be done to make Industry 4.0 a large scale reality. On the
regulatory side, for instance, policymakers will have to ensure that data—the (95) ___________ of Industry
4.0—can move freely and securely throughout the supply chain, including across borders. This is an effort
that is likely to take some time.
86. A. deferred to as B. referred to as C. deferred to D. referred to
referred to as: call (something or someone) by (a specified name or title

87. A. involves B. supports C. encompasses D. necessitates

Encompasses: surround and have or hold within.
88. A. optimize B. maximize C. customize D. legitimize
89. A. chances B. possibilities C. opportunities D. places
Open opportunities for: mở ra cơ hội cho
90. A. yielded B. pieced C. lauded D. coined
coin something: to invent a new word or phrase that other people then begin to use
91. A. novel B. emerging C. premature D. immature
92. A. loop B. teeth C. feat D. wake
If something happens or is done in the teeth of difficulties, the difficulties cause problems but do not stop it
93. A. aptly B. particularly C. unwittingly D. distinctively
aptly: in a way that is suitable or right for a particular situation
94. A. in the interests of B. in lieu of C. in awe of D. in the hope of
in lieu of= instead
in the hope of : với hy vọng rằng
in awe of: kính nể,sợ hãi
95. A. pins and needles B. nuts and bolts C. root and branch D. part and parcel
part and parcel: phần quan trọng,thiết yếu
Part 8: 11,We carried out market research to gauge public reaction about new car
gauge public reaction about: dấy lên những phản ứng của cộng động về điều gì
12, I think the mayor has a finger in every pie in this town.
Have a finger in every pie: know everything about somebody or something

13,Missing the dealine for an important project.Peter was in hot water

Be in hot water : lâm vào cảnh khó khăn
14, His latest theory is flies in the face of mainstream thinking.
Flies in the face: annoying things

15,Despite putting his nose to the grindstone,he was unable to make ends meet
Make ends meet: xoay sở kiếm sống

16,On her own admission, she had fiddled the books

fiddled the books: alter financial records in order to commit fraud, tax evasion or theft

17,On account of for having spoonerism,Tome is forever taking the mickey out of her
Take the mickey out of: Lấy ai/cái gì làm chuột mickey -> Biến ai/cái gì làm trò cười, chọc ghẹo hoặc chế
giễu họ

18,For all the illustrations Dam did for the book, he wasn’t given any credit
Give credit: nhận đc sự công nhận từ ai đó

19,Only through the agency of John could she get the job
by/through the agency of somebody: being done as the result of someone’s help

20,Mrs.Black has given me her word that she will be of service to me on Monday
Give sb one;s word : hứa với ai rằng

KEY:
Part 1
1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.D
6.C 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.A

Part 2
1. III 2. V 3. VI 4. I 5. IV
6. F 7. T 8. NG 9. F 10. T

Part 3
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.C
6.C 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.C

Part 1. Read the passage and choose the best answers (A, B, C or D) to the questions.(10 pts)
 Population ecology is the science that measures changes in population size and composition and
identifies the causes of these fluctuations. Population ecology is not concerned solely with the human
population. In ecological terms, a population consists of the individuals of one species that simultaneously
occupy the same general area, rely on the same resources, and are affected by similar environmental factors.
The characteristics of a population are shaped by its size and by the interactions among individuals and
between individuals and their environment.
Population size is a balance between factors that increase numbers and factors that decrease numbers.
Some factors that increase populations are favourable light and temperature, adequate food supply, suitable
habitat, ability to compete for resource, and ability to adapt to environmental change. Factors that decrease
populations are insufficient or excessive light and temperature, inadequate food supply, unsuitable or
destroyed habitat, too many competitors for resources, and inability to adapt to environmental change.
Another important characteristic of any population is its density. Population density is the number of
individuals per units, such as the number of maple trees per square kilometer in a county. Ecologists can
rarely determine population size by actually counting all individuals within geographical boundaries.
Instead, they often use a variety of sampling techniques to estimate densities and total population sizes. For
example, they might estimate the number of black bears in a national park by counting individuals in a few
sample plots representative of the whole park. In some cases, they estimate population size through indirect
indicators, such as the number of nests or burrows, or signs such as tracks or droppings.
Another important population characteristic, dispersion, is the pattern of spacious among individuals
within the population’s geographical boundaries. Various species are distributed in their habitats in different
ways to take better advantage of food supplies and shelter, and to avoid predators or find prey. Within a
population’s range, densities may vary greatly because not all areas provide equally suitable habitat, and
also because individuals space themselves in relation to other members of the population.
Three possible patterns of dispersion are clumped, uniform, and random. A clumped dispersion
pattern means that individuals are gathered in patches throughout their habitat. Clumping often results from
the irregular distribution of resources needed for survival and reproduction. For example, fallen trees keep
the forest floor moist, and many forest insects are clumped under logs where the humidity is to their liking.
Clumping may also be associated with mating, safety, or other social behavior. Crane flies, for example,
swarm in great numbers, a behavior that increases mating chances, and some fish swim in large schools so
they are less likely to be eaten by predators.
A uniform or evenly spaced distribution results from direct interactions among individuals in the
population. For example, regular spacing of plants may result from shading and competitions for water. In
animal populations, uniform distribution is usually caused by competition for some resource or by social
interactions that set up individual territories for feeding, breeding, or testing.
Random spacing occurs in the absence of strong attraction or repulsion among individuals in a
population. Overall, random pattern are rare in nature, with most populations showing a tendency toward
either clumped or uniform distribution.
Populations change in size, structure, and distribution as they respond to changes in environmental
conditions. Four main variables- births, deaths, immigration and emigration – determine the rate of change
in the size of the population over time. A change in the birth rate or death is the major way that most
populations respond to changes in resource availability. Members of some animal species can avoid or
reduce the effects of another with more favorable environmental conditions, thus altering the population’s
dispersion.
1.According to the passage, which factor might cause the population of a species to decrease in size?
A. A favorable amount of light and water
B. An ability to hide from or defend against predators
C. A large number of other species competing for food
D. A greater number of births than deaths
Clue: Factors that decrease populations are insufficient or excessive light and temperature, inadequate food
supply, unsuitable or destroyed habitat, too many competitors for resources, and inability to adapt to
environmental change(.Các yếu tố làm giảm quần thể là thiếu hoặc thừa ánh sáng và nhiệt độ, cung cấp thức
ăn không đầy đủ, môi trường sống không phù hợp hoặc bị phá hủy, có quá nhiều đối thủ cạnh tranh về tài
nguyên và không có khả năng thích ứng với sự thay đổi môi trường.)
2. Which of the following is an indirect indicator of a population’s density?
A. The distribution of food in a given area
B. The number of nests in a given area
 C. The number of births in a given period of time
D. The number of individuals counted in a given area
2. Chỉ số nào sau đây là chỉ số gián tiếp về mật độ dân số?
A. Sự phân bố thực phẩm trong một khu vực nhất định
B. Số lượng tổ trong một khu vực nhất định
C. Số lần sinh trong một khoảng thời gian nhất định
D. Số lượng cá thể đếm được trong một khu vực nhất định
Clue: In some cases, they estimate population size through indirect indicators, such as the number of nests
or burrows, or signs such as tracks or droppings.( Trong một số trường hợp, họ ước tính kích thước quần thể
thông qua các chỉ số gián tiếp, chẳng hạn như số lượng tổ hoặc hang, hoặc các dấu hiệu như dấu vết hoặc
phân.)
3. The distribution pattern of individuals within a population’s geographical boundaries is known as
A. population ecology B. population density
C. population change D. population dispersion
3. Mô hình phân bố của các cá thể trong ranh giới địa lý của một quần thể được gọi là
A. sinh thái quần thể B. mật độ dân số
C. sự thay đổi dân số D. sự phân tán dân số
Clue: Another important population characteristic, dispersion, is the pattern of spacious among individuals
within the population’s geographical boundaries
4. The word range in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
A. territory B. control C. history D. shelter
Range=territory: phạm vi,lãnh thổ
5. The word patches in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to
A. dark placesB. family groups C. warm spotsD. small areas
Patches=small areas: khu vực nhỏ
6. The word their in paragraph 5 refers to
A. resources B. trees C. insects D. logs
7. All of the following are given as reasons for clumping EXCEPT
A. uneven resource distribution B. territorial disputes
C. mating behavior D. safety from predators
7. Tất cả những điều sau đây được đưa ra làm lý do cho sự kết khối NGOẠI TRỪ
A. phân bố tài nguyên không đồng đều B. tranh chấp lãnh thổ
C. hành vi giao phối D. an toàn khỏi động vật ăn thịt
Clue:- Clumping often results from the irregular distribution of resources needed for survival and
reproduction.
-Clumping may also be associated with mating, safety, or other social behavior
8. The phrase set up in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to
A. forbid B. establish C. increase D. conceal
Set up= establish: thành lập,thiết lâp
9. Which of the following situation s would be most likely to result in a uniform dispersion pattern?
A. Birds compete for a place to build their nests
B. Fish swim in large schools to avoid predators
C. Whales develop strong bonds among relatives
D. Elephants form a circle to protect their young
9. Tình huống nào sau đây có nhiều khả năng dẫn đến dạng phân tán đồng đều nhất?
A. Các loài chim tranh nhau chỗ làm tổ
B. Cá bơi thành đàn lớn để tránh thú săn mồi
C. Cá voi phát triển mối quan hệ bền chặt giữa họ hàng với nhau
D. Voi tạo thành một vòng tròn để bảo vệ con non của chúng
Clue: In animal populations, uniform distribution is usually caused by competition for some resource or by
social interactions that set up individual territories for feeding, breeding, or testing.( Trong các quần thể
động vật, sự phân bố đồng đều thường là do sự cạnh tranh về một số nguồn tài nguyên hoặc do các tương tác
xã hội thiết lập các vùng lãnh thổ riêng lẻ để kiếm ăn, sinh sản hoặc thử nghiệm.)
10. Why does the author mention immigration and emigration in paragraph 8?
A. To identify factors affecting population dispersion
B. To give examples of territorial behavior in animals
 C. To show that populations balance themselves over time
D. To explain why animal populations are uniformly dispersed
10. Tại sao tác giả lại đề cập đến vấn đề nhập cư và di cư trong đoạn 8?
A. Để xác định các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến sự phân tán dân cư
B. Cho ví dụ về tập tính lãnh thổ ở động vật
C. Để chứng tỏ rằng quần thể tự cân bằng theo thời gian
D. Để giải thích tại sao các quần thể động vật lại phân tán đồng đều
Clue: Four main variables- births, deaths, immigration and emigration – determine the rate of change in the
size of the population over time.( Bốn biến số chính - sinh, chết, nhập cư và di cư - xác định tốc độ thay đổi
quy mô dân số theo thời gian)
Part 2.
List of headings
I. key people that made a difference
II. An alternative to fingerprinting
III. The significance of prints
IV. How to identify a criminal
V. Patterns in the making
VI. An uncertain past
VII. Family connections

1. Paragraph A ____________
2. Paragraph B ____________
3. Paragraph C ____________
4. Paragraph D ____________
5. Paragraph E ____________
A. III. The significance of prints
To detectives, the answers lie at the end of our fingers. Fingerprinting offers an accurate and infallible
means of personal identification. The ability to identify a person from a mere fingerprint is a powerful tool
in the fight against crime. It is the most commonly used forensic evidence, often outperforming other
methods of identification(.khả năng nhận dạng một người chỉ từ một dấu vân tay là một công cụ mạnh mẽ
trong cuộc chiến chống tội phạm. Đây là bằng chứng pháp y được sử dụng phổ biến nhất, thường vượt trội
hơn các phương pháp nhận dạng khác.) These days, older methods of ink fingerprinting, which could take
weeks, have given way to newer, faster techniques like fingerprint laser scanning, but the principles stay the
same. No matter which way you collect fingerprint evidence, every single person’s print is unique. So, what
makes our fingerprints different from our neighbors?
=> Tần quan trọng của bản in
B. V. Patterns in the making
A good place to start is to understand what fingerprints are and how they are created. A fingerprint is the
arrangement of skin ridges and furrows on the tips of the fingers. This ridged skin develops fully during
foetal development, as the skin cells grow in the mother’s womb(dấu vân tay là sự sắp xếp của các gờ và
rãnh trên da trên các đầu ngón tay. Làn da có rãnh này phát triển đầy đủ trong quá trình phát triển của thai
nhi, khi các tế bào da phát triển trong tử cung của người mẹ. )These ridges are arranged into patterns and
remain the same throughout the course of a person’s life.( những đường gờ này được sắp xếp thành các
khuôn mẫu và giữ nguyên trong suốt cuộc đời của một người) Other visible human characteristics, like
weight and height, change over time whereas fingerprints do not. The reason why ever fingerprint is unique
is that when a baby’s genes combine with environmental influences, such as temperature, it affects the way
the ridges on the skin grow. It makes the ridges develop at different rates, buckling and bending into
patterns.( . Nó làm cho các đường gờ phát triển với tốc độ khác nhau, vênh và uốn cong thành các mẫu.) As
a result, no two people end up having the same fingerprints. Even identical twins possess dissimilar
fingerprints.
=> Các mô hình /mẫu trong việc chế tạo
C. VI. An uncertain past
It is not easy to map the journey of how the unique quality of the fingerprint came to be discovered. The
moment in history it happened is not entirely clear. (Không dễ dàng để vạch ra hành trình khám phá ra chất
lượng độc đáo của dấu vân tay như thế nào. Thời điểm trong lịch sử nó xảy ra không hoàn toàn rõ
ràng.)However, the use of fingerprinting can be traced back to some ancient civilizations, such as Babylon
and China, where thumbprints were pressed onto clay tablets to confirm business transactions. Whether
people at this time actually realized the full extent of how fingerprints were important for identification
purposes is another matter altogether. One cannot be sure if the act was seen as a means to confirm identity
or a symbolic gesture to blind a contract, where giving your fingerprint was like giving your word.( Liệu
mọi người vào thời điểm này có thực sự nhận ra mức độ quan trọng của dấu vân tay đối với mục đích nhận
dạng hay không là một vấn đề hoàn toàn khác. Người ta không thể chắc chắn rằng hành động đó được coi là
một phương tiện để xác nhận danh tính hay một cử chỉ tượng trưng để che giấu một hợp đồng, trong đó việc
đưa ra dấu vân tay của bạn giống như đưa ra lời nói của bạn.)

D. I. key people that made a difference

Despite this uncertainty, there are those who made a significant contribution towards the analysis of
fingerprinting(Bất chấp sự không chắc chắn này, có những người đã đóng góp đáng kể vào việc phân tích
dấu vân tay.). History tells us that a 14th century Persian doctor made an early statement that no two
fingerprints are alike. Later, in the 17 th century, Italian physician Marcello Malpighi studied the
distinguishing shapes of loops and spirals in fingerprints. In his honor, the medical world later named a layer
of skin after him. It was, however, an employee for the East India Company, William Herschel, who came to
see the true potential of fingerprinting. He took fingerprints from the local people as a form of signature for
contracts, in order to avoid fraud. His fascination with fingerprints propelled him to study them for the next
twenty years. He developed the theory that fingerprints were unique to an individual and did not change at
all over a lifetime. In 1880 Henry Faulds suggested that fingerprints could be used to identify convicted
criminals. He wrote to Charles Darwin for advice, and the idea was referred on to Darwin’s cousin, Sir
Francis Galton. Galton eventually published an in-depth study of fingerprint science in 1892.
=> những người chủ chốt đã tạo ra sự khác biệt
E. IV. How to identify a criminal
Although the fact that each person has a totally unique fingerprint pattern had been well documented and
accepted for a long time, this knowledge was not exploited for criminal identification until the early 20 th
century(.Mặc dù thực tế rằng mỗi người có một mẫu dấu vân tay hoàn toàn duy nhất đã được ghi nhận và
chấp nhận trong một thời gian dài, nhưng kiến thức này đã không được khai thác để nhận dạng tội phạm cho
đến đầu thế kỷ 20) In the past, branding, tattooing and maiming had been used to mark the criminal for what
he was. In some countries, thieves would have their hands cut off. France branded criminals with the fleur-
de-lis symbol. The Romans tattooed mercenary soldiers to stop them from becoming deserters.
=> Cách xác định tội phạm
F. For many years, police agencies in the Western world were reluctant to use fingerprinting, much
preferring the popular method of the time, the Bertillon System, where dimensions of certain body parts
were recorded to identify a criminal. The turning point was in 1903 when a prisoner by the name of Will
West was admitted into Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary. Amazingly, Will had almost the same Bertillon
measurements as another prisoner residing at the very same prison, whose name happened to be William
West. It was the only their fingerprints that could tell them apart. From that point on, fingerprinting became
the standard for criminal identification.
G. Fingerprinting was useful in identifying people with a history of crime and who were listed on a
database. However, in situations where the perpetrator was not on the database and a crime had no
witnesses, the system fell short. Fingerprint chemistry is a new technology that can work alongside
traditional fingerprinting to find clues than ever before. From organic compounds left behind on a print, a
scientist can tell if the person is a child, an adult, a mature person or a smoker, and much more. It seems,
after all these years, fingers continue to point the way.
For questions 6-10, decide which statement is true, false and not given. Write T for True, F for False, and
NG for Not Given.
6. Fingerprinting is the only effective method for identifying criminals.F
Clue: Fingerprinting was useful in identifying people with a history of crime and who were listed on a
database. However, in situations where the perpetrator was not on the database and a crime had no
witnesses, the system fell short.( Việc lấy dấu vân tay rất hữu ích trong việc xác định những người có tiền sử
phạm tội và những người đã được liệt kê trên cơ sở dữ liệu. Tuy nhiên, trong các tình huống mà thủ phạm
không có trong cơ sở dữ liệu và tội phạm không có nhân chứng, hệ thống sẽ không hoạt động.)
7. The ridges and patterns that make up fingerprints develop before birth. T
Clue: . This ridged skin develops fully during foetal development, as the skin cells grow in the mother’s
womb(dấu vân tay là sự sắp xếp của các gờ và rãnh trên da trên các đầu ngón tay. Làn da có rãnh này phát
triển đầy đủ trong quá trình phát triển của thai nhi, khi các tế bào da phát triển trong tử cung của người mẹ.
8. Malpighi conducted his studies in Italy. NG
9. Roman soldiers were tattooed to prevent them from committing violent crimes. F
Clue: The Romans tattooed mercenary soldiers to stop them from becoming deserters
10. Fingerprint chemistry can identify if a fingerprint belongs to an elderly person. T
Clue: . Fingerprint chemistry is a new technology that can work alongside traditional fingerprinting to find
clues than ever before. From organic compounds left behind on a print, a scientist can tell if the person is a
child, an adult, a mature person or a smoker, and much more
(hóa học dấu vân tay là một công nghệ mới có thể hoạt động cùng với phương pháp lấy dấu vân tay truyền
thống để tìm ra manh mối hơn bao giờ hết. Từ các hợp chất hữu cơ còn sót lại trên một bản in, một nhà khoa
học có thể biết được người đó là trẻ em, người lớn, người trưởng thành hay người hút thuốc, v.v.)
Part 3: You are going to read an article about polyglots, people who speak many languages. For
questions 1-10, choose from the people (A-D). the people may be chosen more than once.
Questions Answers
11. a lack of cocern about their identity?
12. advice about when to fit an important aspect of language acquisition?
13. a reason for concentrating on one language at a time?
14. a means of coping with the most challenging phase of language
acquisition?
15. a description of the stages in a person’s language learning method?
16. an early appreciation of an advantage of being multilingual?
17. a long-term view of their own language leraning?
18. an emotion brought on by the sound of a language?
19. appreciation for an experience arising from being a polyglot?
20. the prospect of changing their language-learning goal?

Natural born linguists

What drives multi-language speakers? Martin Williams finds out.
A.Ludmila Orlova
Being multilingual is fundamental to who I am because I think in different languages. My
mind starts a thought in one language, then finds a particular word in another language
that fits exactly what I am thinking. Each language resonates with me in a distinct way.
Russian makes me more melancholic because of its minor tone, for example.( Mỗi ngôn
ngữ cộng hưởng với tôi theo một cách riêng biệt. Ví dụ như tiếng Nga khiến tôi buồn hơn
vì âm điệu nhỏ của nó. ) Q8 There's a downside though: when I'm in a monolingual
environment for too long, I yearn to switch to a different language. I have to think "will
this person understand me if I say something in language X"?
I had an early start at learning languages. I moved to the US from the former Soviet Union
when I was three and learnt English quickly. For some reason though, my primary teacher
didn't think I was bright enough to study languages at secondary school which goes to
show you that general academic achievement isn't always a good indicator of one's ability
to learn a language. If I had just studied languages the formal way in school, I would never
have become a hyperpolyglot.
B.Simon Richards
I was always fascinated by languages and accents – I tried to mimic them all
the time when I was a child. At school I was always drawn to the kids who had
some link to abroad and I wanted to find out more. I got to study languages at
school and university eventually, and it grew from there. Today, my daily life
is multilingual. I often get mistaken for other nationalities and I honestly no
longer regard nationality as important(tôi thường bị nhầm với các quốc tịch
khác và thành thật mà nói, tôi không còn coi quốc tịch là quan trọng nữa)Q1. It
seems almost odd for me to talk about being just British now. Learning
languages is an endless and ongoing process for me, which I intend to continue
 for as long as my body will allow.( Học ngôn ngữ là một quá trình liên tục và
vô tận đối với tôi, tôi dự định sẽ tiếp tục cho đến khi nào cơ thể tôi cho phép)
Q7When I am really in the learning zone, my focus is narrow and I try to
forget about my other languages. If I did, I'd go mad I simply start a new
language and don't think about the others, unless I see obvious links to help the
learning process and to understand grammar.
C.Anthony Fields
I used to spend long summers in Greece and Japan as a child, trying to play with
the other kids, but none of them spoke any English . It struck me how nice would
it be to be able to talk to anybody in the world, regardless of what language they
spoke. Pronunciation is the most important thing for me. So I start off really
basic, focus on that. Once I to feel more confident, I move on to music from the
language to tune in further. The dead time when you're on a bus or doing any
mundane task is deal for squeezing incrucial subconscious language learning,
which will all pay off in the long run. Learning new languages never stops: there
is always more to learn. But my student days are almost over and the prospect of
searching for a career is looming closer – so I am thinking about taking a couple
of languages to a much higher level(Nhưng thời sinh viên của tôi đã gần kết thúc
và viễn cảnh tìm kiếm sự nghiệp đang đến gần hơn - vì vậy tôi đang nghĩ đến việc
học một vài ngôn ngữ lên một trình độ cao hơn nhiều) Q10. Speaking other
languages at native level is an entirely different task with different rewards to just
being a polyglot.
D. Liam Clarke
I did poorly in languages in school. I barely passed German and, until I was 21, I
only spoke English. I moved to Spain after graduating; after six months, I still
hadn’t leraned any Spainish. I kept telling myself that I didn't have the language
gene. Eventually I decided to put my excuses aside and dive in. It took a few
weeks, but as soon as I had a basic conversation in Spanish I got hooked. That
was 10 years ago, and since then I've travelled the world, learning the many
languages.( Đó là 10 năm trước, và kể từ đó tôi đã đi khắp thế giới, học nhiều
ngôn ngữ) Q9 I don't think visiting the country where the language is spoken is
really that necessary nowadays, because of the internet. But if you do travel, it
opens a lot of interesting doors.I recently had a birthday lunch withfour
generations of Italians, for example. No way would that have happened If I’d
only spoken English. The initial stage is the hardest, but the only real way to get
through this is to grin and bear itQ4. I’ve learned to ignore the fact that I’m
making mistakes. That confidence allows me to strive for the next level.