BIOLOGY

Paper 2 (THEORY)
MARCH – 2 HOURS

Name: ………………………………..…….......………….. Adm no: …………………

Candidate’sSignature: …………………………..Date;………………………

Instructions to candidates

a) Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided above.
b) Sign and write the date of the examination in the spaces provided above
c) This paper consists of two sections; A and B.
d) Answer all questions in section A in the spaces provided.
e) In section B answer question 6 (compulsory) and either and either 7 and 8 in the spaces
provided after question 8.
f) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as
indicated and that no questions are missing.

For Examiner’s Use Only

Maximum
Section Question Candidate’s Score
Score
1 8
2 8
A 3 8
4 8
5 8
6 20
B
20

Total Score 80

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 SECTION A (40 MARKS)

Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided

1. The figure below represents structures located in plant leaves. Use them to answer the questions
that follow.

(a) How is the structure, labelled D, adapted to its function? (2 marks)

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(b) Name the parts labelled (2 marks)

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(c) Using photosynthesis theory, briefly explain how the part marked A in the Figure II changes
to part marked A in the Figure I. (4 marks)

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2. In an experiment, black mice were crossed with brown mice. All the offspring had patches of
black and brown in equal proportion. Using letter B to represent the gene for black colour, and b
to represent the gene for brown colour:

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(a) Work out the phenotypic ratio of F2 generation (3 marks)

(b) What is genetic engineering? (1 mark)

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(c) Explain why drosophila melanogaster is suitable for use in genetic experiment. (2 marks)

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(d) State two advantages of polyploidy in wheat farming (2 marks)

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3. The photograph below shows an organism from a certain class of organisms

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 a. Name the class from which the organism belongs (1mk)
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b. Using observable features from the photograph state two reasons for your answer in (a) above
(2mks)
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c. State two ways in which the organism is important to the environment (2 mks)
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d. Name the kingdom to which bacteria belongs (1 mks)
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e. State two bacterial diseases in humans (2 mks)
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4. A freshly obtained dandelion stem measuring 5 cm long was split lengthwise to obtain two
similar pieces. The pieces were placed in solutions of different concentrations in petri dishes (L1
and L2) for 20 minutes. The appearance after 20 minutes is shown below.

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 a. Account for the appearance of the pieces in solutions L1 and L2 (6 marks)
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b. State the significance of the biological process involved in the experiment (2 marks)
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5. a. State two adaptations of the frogs skin to gaseous exchange (2 marks)
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c. Explain how the human nasal cavity is adapted to gaseous exchange (3 marks)
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d. Explain why amoeba does not require an elaborate gaseous exchange system (2 marks)
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e. Name the respiratory disease caused by Bordetellapartusis(1 mark)
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SECTION B (40 MARKS)

Answer question 6 (compulsory) and either question 7 and 8 in the spaces provided.

6. A culture of bacteria was taken at intervals in order to estimate the number of bacteria in the
population. The data is as provided in the table below.

Time in hours 0 5 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Number of living
10 20 1000 1000 1000 800 400 250 50
cells (millions)

(a) On the grid provided, draw a graph of the number of living cells against time (6 marks)

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(b) Account for the shape of the graph below:
i) 0 – 5 hours (2 marks)

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ii) 5 – 15 hours (2 marks)

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 iii) 15 – 25 hours (2 marks)

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(c) When was the population of bacteria 750 million? (2 marks)

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(d) Give two reasons for the trend between 25 – 45 hours (2 marks)

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(e) Suggest what would happen to the population of bacteria if the temperature was lowered to
0oC after incubating for 12 hours. (1
mark)

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(f) Give a reason for your answer in e) (i) above (1 mark)

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(g) To obtain the observed results, state two variables that were kept constant during the
investigation. (2 marks)

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7. a. Describe the functions of human blood in the human body (10 marks)
b. How are respiratory surfaces in mammals adapted to their functions (10 marks)

8. Describe various evidences which show that evolution has taken place (20 marks)

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