SECTION 2 SECTION 3 SECTION 4

TEST 3
• Prepare some snacks and drinks.
• Find a reliable stopwatch or clock.
• Use an electronic device to access the audio at www.mhe1ELTS6practicetests.com.
• Find a place where you can work with no interruptions for four hours - three for this whole
test + one to go through the answers.

Listening
Firstly, tear out the Test 3 Listening I Reading Answer Sheet at the back of this book.
The Listening test lasts for about 20 minutes.
Write your answers on the pages below as you listen. After Section 4 has finished, you have ten minutes to
transfer your answers to your Listening Answer Sheet. You will need to time yourselffor this transfer.
After checking your answers on pp 134-138, go to page 9 for the raw-score conversion table.
Play
Audio PLAY RECORDING #15.

SECTION 1 Questions 1-10

INSURANCE
Questions 1-6
Complete the form below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.

(Example) Travel Insurance

Type I (1) ....................Comprehensive
Section 1 - Baggage and Personal Effects
Single (2).................... $1,500
Cameras & portable electronic (3).................... $2,500
Emergency personal effects $1,500
Money (4) $ ....................
Documents $3,000
Section 2 - Disrupted Travel
Loss of deposits $50,000
Travel delay $5,000
Missed connections or early return (as verified by the (6) ....................) (5)....................
Resumed travel Economy fare

115
116 6 IELTS Practice Tests
SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3· SECTION 4
READING
WRITING
SPEAKING
Questions 7-8
Choose the correct letter, A, B, or C.
7 The woman will buy
A a new car.
B an old car.
C a new motorbike.
8 The woman does not want to insure her vehicle with a Multi-saver policy because it
A benefits homeowners.
B has too many conditions.
C is rather expensive.

Questions 9-10
Choose TWO letters, A-E.

Which TWO of the following relate to the Top Cover policy?

A It is cheaper than many other policies.
B There is a stand-down period before it takes effect.
C It covers storm damage.
D It covers vehicles of any age.
E It includes an agreement on the value of a holder's vehicle.
Pl
Au f
PLAY RECORDING #16.

SECTION 2 Questions 11-20

TOURING DEVONPORT ON A SEGWAY

Questions 11-16
Complete the sentences below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

11 The company does not allow children, pregnant women, or people-recovering

from ....................to ride Segways.

12 The Segway tour of Devonport lasts for ....................•

13 Unlike a cyclist, a Segway rider barely needs ....................to remain in motion.
14 A Segway weighs....................•

15 Accidents happen due to jumping off, or jerking instead of....................to move the Segway.
16 The g�roscope monitors a rider's ...................., and adjusts the post to maintain balance.
 Test 3 117
LISTENING SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3 SECTION 4
READING
WRITING
SPEAKING
Quesnons 17-20
Label the map below.
Write the correct letter, A-I, next to questions 17-20.

Devonport

17 North Head
18 French Cafe
19 Yacht club
20 Remains from pre-European settlement

Play
Audio PLAY RECORDING #17.

SECTION 3 Questions 21-30

STUDY OPTIONS
Questions 21-24
Answer the questions below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
21 What was Professor Anderson attending in Massachusetts and New York?

22 What mark did Rangi receive for Classical Mechanics?

23 Which degree has Rangi decided to abandon?

24 How does Professor Anderson describe the Science Faculty?

118 6 IELTS Practice Tests
LISTENING SECTION 1
READING
WRITING
SPEAKING
Questions 25-30
Choose the correct letter, A, B, or C.
25 A benefit of Rangi's decision is that he will
A finish his degree earlier.
B improve his writing style.
C receive higher marks.
26 Professor Anderson thinks the claims of some lecturers are
A boastful.
B doubtful.
C critical.
27 Rangi is disappointed because he
A can't afford to study abroad.
B will have to work in a bar again.
C won't be going to Europe.
28 The professor offers Rangi
A a part-time job in her lab.
B help with his laser experiments.
C supervision of his master's degree.
29 In the professor's opinion, Rangi is ...... to win a scholarship.
A not so likely
B quite likely
C highly likely
30 Rangi feels ...... by the end of the conversation.
A a little apprehensive
B relieved and grateful
C thrilled but nervous
 Test 3 119
LISTENING SECTION 1
READING
WRITING
SPEAKING

PLAY RECORDING #18.

SECTION 4 Questions 31-40

THE UGLY FRUIT MOVEMENT

Questions 31-35
Choose FIVE answers from the box, and write the correct letter, A-H, next to questions 31-35.

A Consumers like food that tastes as good as it looks.

B Every year, approximately 40% of food fit for humans is wasted.
C Harvesting and processing need substantial improvement.
D Food wastage causes an annual loss of $870 million.
E Food production uses 80% of available fresh water.
F Use-by-date labelling is being challenged.
G Supermarkets sell fruit and vegetables in virtually any condition.
H Newspapers mocked strict European Union regulations.

31 Globally
32 In the US
33 In Bolivia
34 In Portugal ....................
35 In the UK ....................

Questions 36-38
Complete the sentences below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR A NUMBER/or each answer.

36 Portugal was affected by a ...............crisis.

37 Isabel Soares hopes to subvert notions about what food is ...............•
38 Jose Dias used to dump a ...............of his tomato crop before he sold to Fruta Feia.
39 Tomatoes bought by members of Fruta Feia cost. ..............than those at supermarkets.

Question 40
40 What does the lecturer think of Fruta Feia?
A He supports it wholeheartedly.
B He supports it with some reservations.
C He does not really support it.
WRITING
SPEAKING
 Test 3 121
PASSAGE 2 PASSAGE 3

Reading
Firstly, turn over the Test 3 Listening Answer Sheet you used earlier to write your Reading
answers on the back.
The Reading test lasts exactly 60 minutes.
Certainly, make any marks on the pages below, but transfer your answers to the answer sheet as you
read since there is no extra time at the end "to do so.
After checking your answers on pp 139-141, go to page 9 for the raw-score conversion table.

PASSAGE 1
Spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, based on Passage 1 below.
IIIllIIIIIll!IIIIIIII IIIlllllllIllI III11111111111111111IllIIIfl 11111111111111111111111111111111111IIIIIII 111111111111111111111III1111111111111111111111111! 1111111111!11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111II fl II

MARQUEZ AND MAGICAL REALISM

A. When Gabriel Garcia Marquez died in 2014, he was mourned around the world, as readers recalled
his 1967 novel, One hundred years of solitude, which has sold more than 25 million copies, and led to
Marquez's receipt of the 1982 Nobel Prize for Literature.
Jl Born in 1927, in a small town on Colombia's Caribbean coast called Aracataca, Marquez was
immersed in Spanish, black, and indigenous cultures. In such remote places, religion, myth, and
superstition hold sway over logic and reason, or perhaps operate as parallel belief systems. Certainly,
the ghost stories told by his grandmother affected the young Gabriel profoundly, and a pivotal charac­
ter in his 1967 epic is indeed a ghost.
Marquez's family was not wealthy: there were twelve children, and his father worked as a postal
clerk, a telegraph operator, and an occasional pharmacist. Marquez spent much of his childhood in the
care of his grandparents, which may account for the main character in One hundred years of solitude
resembling his maternal grandfather. Although Marquez left Aracataca aged eight, the town and its
inhabitants never seemed to leave him, and suffuse his fiction .
.C. One hundred years of solitude was the fourth of fifteen novels, but Marquez was an equally pas­
sionate and prolific journalist.
In Bogota, during his twenties and thirties, Marquez experienced La Violencia, a period of great politi­
ca] and social upheaval, when around 300,000 Colombians were killed. Certainly, life was never safe
for journalists, and after writing an article on corruption in the Colombian navy in 1955, Marquez was
forced to flee to Europe. Incidentally, in Paris, he discovered that European culture was not richer than
his own, and he was disappointed by Europeans who were patronising towards Latin Americans. On
return to the southern hemisphere, Marquez wrote for Venezuelan newspapers and the Cuban press
agency.
J2 In terms of politics, Marquez was Jeftwing. In Chile, he campaigned against the dictatorship of
General Augusto Pinochet; in Venezuela, he financed a political party; and, in Nicaragua, he defended
revolutionaries. He considered Fidel Castro, the President of Cuba, as a dear friend. Since the US was
hostile towards Castro's communist regime, which Marquez supported, the writer was banned from
visiting the US until invited by President Clinton in 1995. The novels of Marquez are imbued with his
politics, but this does not prevent readers from enjoying a good yarn.
E Marquez maintained that in Latin America so much that is real would seem fantastic elsewhere,
while so much that is magical seems real. He was an exponent of a genre known as Magical Realism.
'If you can explain it,' said the Mexican critic, Luis Leal, 'then it's not Magical Realism.' This demon­
strates the difficulty of determining what the genre encompasses and which writers belong to it.
The term Magical Realism is usually applied to literature, but its first use was probably in 1925, when
a German art critic reviewed paintings similar to those of Surrealism.
Many critics define Magical Realism by what it is not. Realism describes lives that could be real;
Magical Realism uses the detail and the tone of a realist work, but includes the magical as though it
were real. The ghosts in One hundred years of solitude and in the American Toni Morrison's Beloved
are presented by their narrators as normal, so readers accept them unhesitatingly. Likewise, a character
can live for 200 years in a Magical Realist novel. Surrealism explores dream states and psychologi-
cal experiences; Magical Realism does not. Science Fiction describes a new or an imagined world,
as in Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, but Magical Realism depicts the real world. Nor is Magical
Realism fantasy, like Franz Kafka's Metamorphosis, in which an ordinary man awakens to find he
has transformed into a cockroach. This is because the writer and the reader of that story cannot decide
whether to ascribe natural or supernatural causes to the event. In contrast, in a work by Marquez, the
world is both natural and supernatural, both rational and irrational, and this binary nature fascinates
readers.
Magical Realism does share some common ground with post-modernism since the acts of writing and
reading are self-reflexive. A narrative may not be linear, but may double back on itself, or be discon­
tinuous, and the notion of character is more illusive than in other genres.
Naturally, some of these elements disturb a reader although the enormous success of One hundred
years of solitude and the hundreds of other Magical Realist works from authors as far apart as Norway,
Nigeria, and New Zealand would seem to belie it.
E Latin America has had a long history of conquest, revolution, and dictatorship; of hunger, poverty,
and chaos, yet, at the same time, is endowed with rich cultures, with warm, emotional people, many of
whom, like Marquez, remain optimistically utopian. Gabriel Garcia Marquez has passed away, but his
fiction will certainly endure.
llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

Questions 1-7
Passage 1 has six sections, A-F.
Which section contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.
NB: You may use any letter more than once.

1 Marquez's background
2 how Marquez felt about Europe
3 influences on Marquez
4 the extent of Marquez's fame
5 why the US did not welcome Marquez
6 what constitutes a Magical Realist work
7 other writing important to Marquez
 Test3 123
PASSAGE 2 PASSAGE 3

Questions 8-13
Complete the summary below using the dates or words, A-L, below.
Write the correct letter, A-L, in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.

accept B adapting C adopting

believes E fantasy F non-linear

G novel H rational I supernatural

J use K 1925 L 1927

What is Magical Realism?

The genre of Marquez's fiction is known as Magical Realism, a term first applied to painting in
(8)..................... Magical Realism is often described in negative terms, as not being Realism,
Surrealism, Science Fiction, or (9).....................

In a Magical Realist novel, the world people live in - which is the real world - is described in detail,
but magical or (10) .................... elements intrude. These are treated like real ones, so that a reader
(11) .................... them. For instance, characters live longer than natural lives, and ghosts exist.
Time, in a Magical Realist work, may also be (12) .....................

Despite requiring a suspension of disbelief by readers, Magical Realism has enjoyed great success,
with writers from all over the world (13) .................... the style.
124 6 IELTS Practice Tests
LISTENING PASSAGE 1 PASSAGE 2 PASSAGE 3

----------------------
PASSAGE2
Spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-27, based on Passage 2 below.

Recent stock-market crashes

For as long as there have been financial markets, there have been financial crises. Most economists
agree, however, that from 1994 to 2013 crashes were deeper and the resultant troughs longer-lasting
than in the 20-year period leading up to 1994. Two notable crashes, the Nifty Fifty in the mid- l 970s
and Black Monday in 1987, had an average loss of about 40% of the value of global stocks, and
recovery took 240 days each, whereas the Dot-com and credit crises, post-1994, had an average loss
of about 52%, and endured for 430 days. What economists do not agree upon is why recent crises
have been so severe or how to prevent their recurrence.
John Coates, from the University of Cambridge in the UK and a former trader for Goldman Sachs and
Deutsche Bank, believes three separate but related phenomena explain the severity. The first is danger­
ous but predictable risk-taking on the part of traders. The second is a lack of any risk-taking when
markets become too volatile. (Coates does not advocate risk-aversion since risk-taking may jumpstart
a depressed market.) The last is a new policy of transparency by the US Federal Reserve - known
as the Fed - that may have encouraged stock-exchange complacency, compounding the dangerous
risk-taking.
Many people imagine a trader to have a great head for maths and a stomach for the rollercoaster ride
of the market, but Coates downplays arithmetic skills, and doubts traders are made of such stern stuff.
Instead, he draws attention to the physiological nature of their decisions. Admittedly, there are women
in the industry, but traders are overwhelmingly male, and testosterone appears to affect their choices.
Another common view is that traders are greedy as well as thrill-seeking. Coates has not researched
financial incentive, but blood samples taken from London traders who engaged in simulated risk­
taking exercises for him in 2013 confirmed the prevalence of testosterone, cortisol, and dopamine - a
neurotransmitter precursor to adrenalin associated with raised blood pressure and sudden pleasure.
Certainly anyone faced with danger has a stress response involving the body's preparation for impend­
ing movement - for what is sometimes called 'Fight or flight', but, as Coates notes, any physical act at
all produces a stress response: even a reader's eye movement along words in this line requires cortisol
and adrenalin. Neuroscientists now see the brain not as a computer that acts neutrally, involved in a
process of pure thought, but as a mechanism to plan and carry out movement, since every single piece
of information humans absorb has an attendant pattern of physical arousal.
For muscles to work, fuel is needed, so cortisol and adrenalin employ glucose from other muscles and
the liver. To burn the fuel, oxygen is required, so slightly deeper or faster breathing occurs. To deliver
fuel and oxygen to the body, the heart pumps a little harder and blood pressure rises. Thus, the stress
response is a normal part of life, as well as a resource in fighting or fleeing. Indeed, it is a highly
pleasurable experience in watching an action movie, making love, or pulling off a multi-million-dollar
stock-market deal.
Cortisol production also increases during exposure to uncertainty. For example, people who live next
to a train line adjust to the noise of passing trains, but visitors to their home are disturbed. The phe­
nomenon is equally well-known of anticipation being worse than an event itself: sitting in the waiting
room thinking about a procedure may be more distressing than occupying the dentist's chair and hav­
ing one. Interestingly, if a patient does not know approximately when he or she will be called for that
procedure, cortisol levels are the most elevated of all. This appeared to happen with the London trad­
ers participating in some of Coates' gambling scenarios.
 Test 3 125
PASSAGE 1 PASSAGE 3

When there is too much volatility in the stock market, Coates suspects adrenaline levels decrease while
cortisol levels increase, explaining why traders take fewer risks at that time. In fact, typically traders
freeze, becoming almost incapable of buying or selling anything but the safest bonds. In Coates' opin­
ion, the market needs investment as it falls and at rock bottom - at such times, greed is good.
The third matter - the behaviour of the Fed - Coates thinks could be controlled, albeit counter­
intuitively. Since 1994, the US Federal Reserve has adopted a policy called Forward Guidance. Under
this, the public is informed at regular intervals of the Fed's plans for short-term interest rates. Recently,
rates have been raised by small but predictable increments. By contrast, in the past, the machinations
of the Fed were largely secret, and its interest rates fluctuated apparently randomly. Coates hypoth­
esises this meant traders were on guard and less likely to indulge in wild speculation. In introducing
Forward Guidance, the Fed hoped to lower stock and housing prices; instead, before the crash of 2008,
the market surged from further risk-taking, like an unleashed pit bull terrier.
There are many economists who disagree with Coates, but he has provided some physiological evi­

----------------------
dence for both traders' recklessness and immobilisation, and made the radical proposal of greater
opacity at the Fed. Although, as others have noted, we could just let more women onto the floor.

Questions 14-19
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.

14 What do most economists agree about the financial crashes from 1994 to 2013?
A They were the worst global markets had ever experienced.
B Global stocks fell around 40% for a period of 240 days.
C They were particularly acute in the US.
D They were more severe than those between 1974 and 1993.
15 What does John Coates think about risk-taking among stock-market traders?
A It is almost invariably dangerous.
B It was prevalent at Goldman Sachs and Deutsche Bank.
C It should be regulated by the US Federal Reserve.
D It can sometimes assist a weak market.
16 What are some popular beliefs about traders?
A They are clever, calm, and acquisitive.
B They are usually men who are good at maths.
C They love danger and seek it out.
D They do not deserve their high salaries.
17 What did Coates find in blood samples from London traders in 2013?
A They had high levels of testosterone and dopamine.
B They produced excessive glucose and oxygen.
C They experienced high blood pressure.
D They drank large amounts of alcohol.
126 6 IELTS Practice Tests
PASSAGE 2 PASSAGE 3

18 How do neuroscientists now view the brain?

A As an extraordinary computer.
B As an organ to control movement.
C As the main producer of adrenaline and cortisol.
D As a significant enhancer of pleasure.
19 Why might a person waiting to see a dentist have extremely high cortisol levels?
A He or she may dislike going to the dentist.
B He or she may be worried about the procedure.
C He or she may not have a specific appointment.
D He or she may not be able to afford the consultation.

Questions 20-24
Complete the flowchart below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLYfrom the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 20-24 on your answer sheet.

COATES' REASONS FOR THE SEVERI TY OF RECEN T CRASHES

i: 2.
3.
increased risk-taking by Increased risk�aversion by
US Federal Reserve policy
traders traders
This occurs when the This occurs when there is too Known as (22) ....................
market is rising. much (20) .................... in Guidance, this was supposed to
the market. calm the market.

A rise in traders' A rise in traders' Traders' disregard for small, regular

adrenaline levels (21) ....... ; ............ levels interest-rate rises and their (23)
.................... speculation

Further risk-taking Immobilisation of traders (24) .................... risk-taking

Market collapse
 Test 3 127
PASSAGE 1 PASSAGE 2 PASSAGE 3

Questions 25-27
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Passage 2?
In boxes 25-27 on your answer sheet, write:
YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer.
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer.
NOTGIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this.
25 Coates' views are held by many other economists.
26 Coates' suggestion of less transparency at the Fed is sound.
27 Raising the number of female traders may solve the problem.
128 6 IELTS Practice Tests
PASSAGE 1 PASSAGE 2

PASSAGE3
Spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28-40, which are based on Passage 3 below.
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
ANIMAL PERSONHOOD
Aristotle, a 4th-century-BC Greek philosopher, created the Great Chain of Being, in which animals,
lacking reason, ranked below humans. The Frenchman, Rene Descartes, in the 17th century AD, con­
sidered animals as more complex creatures; however, without souls, they were merely automatons.
One hundred years later, the German, Immanuel Kant, proposed animals be treated less cruelly, which
might seem an improvement, but Kant believed this principally because he thought acts of cruelty
affect their human perpetrators detrimentally. The mid-19th century saw the Englishman, Jeremy
Bentham, questioning not their rationality or spirituality, but whether animals could suffer irrespective
of the damage done to their victimisers; he concluded they could; and, in 1824, the first large organ­
isation for animal welfare, the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, was founded in
England. In 1977, the Australian, Peter Singer, wrote the highly influential book Animal liberation, in
which he debated the ethics of meat-eating and factory farming, and raised awareness about inhumane
captivity and experimentation. Singer's title deliberately evoked other liberation movements, like
those for women, which had developed in the post-war period.
More recently, an interest in the cognitive abilities of animals has resurfaced. It has been known since
the 1960s that chimpanzees have sophisticated tool use and social interactions, but research from the last
two decades has revealed they are also capable of empathy and grief, and they possess self-awareness
and self-determination. Other primates, dolphins, whales, elephants, and African grey parrots are highly
intelligent too. It would seem that with each new proof of animals' abilities, questions are being posed
as to whether creatures so similar to humans should endure the physical pain or psychological trauma
associated with habitat loss, captivity, or experimentation. While there may be more laws protecting
animals than 30 years ago, in the eyes of the law, no matter how smart or sentient an animal may be, it
still has a lesser status than a human being.
Steven Wise, an American legal academic, has been campaigning to change this. He believes animals,
like those listed above, are autonomous - they can control their actions, or rather, their actions are
not caused purely by reflex or from innateness. He wants these animals categorized legally as non­
human persons because he believes existing animal-protection laws are weak and poorly enforced. He
famously quipped that an aquarium may be fined for cruel treatment of its dolphins but, currently, the
dolphins can't sue the aquarium.
While teaching at Vermont Law School in the 1990s, Wise presented his students with a dilemma:
should an anencephalic baby be treated as a legal person? (Anencephaly is a condition where a person
is born with a partial brain and can breathe and digest, due to reflex, but otherwise is barely alert,
and not autonomous.) Overwhelmingly, Wise's students would say 'Yes'. He posed another question:
could the same baby be killed and eaten by humans? Overwhelmingly, his students said 'No'. His
third question, always harder to answer, was: why is an anencephalic baby legally a person yet not so
a fully functioning bonobo chimp?
Wise draws another analogy: between captive animals and slaves. Under slavery in England, a human
was a chattel, and if a slave were stolen or injured, the thief or violator could be convicted of a crime,
and compensation paid to the slave's owner though not to the slave. It was only in 1772 that the chief
justice of the King's Bench, Lord Mansfield, ruled that a slave could apply for habeas corpus, Latin
for: 'You must have the body', as free men and women had done since ancient times. Habeas corpus
does not establish innocence or guilt; rather, it means a detainee can be represented in court by a
proxy. Once slaves had been granted habeas corpus, they existed as more than chattels within the legal
system although it was another 61 years before slavery was abolished in England. Aside from slaves,
Wise has studied numerous cases in which a writ of habeas corpus had been filed on behalf of those
unable to appear in court, like children, patients, prisoners, or the severely intellectually impaired. In
addition, Wise notes there are entities that are not living people that have legally become non-human
persons, including: ships, corporations, partnerships, states, a Sikh holy book, some Hindu idols and
the Wanganui River in New Zealand.
In conjunction with an organisation called the Non-human Rights Project (NhRP), Wise has been rep­
resenting captive animals in US courts in an effort to have their legal status reassigned. Thereafter, the
NhRP plans to apply, under habeas corpus, to represent the animals in other cases. Wise and the NhRP
believe a new status will discourage animal owners or nation states from neglect or abuse, which cur­
rent laws fail to do.
Richard Epstein, a professor of Law at New York University, is a critic of Wise's. His concern is that
if animals are treated as independent holders of rights there would be little left of human society, in
particular, in the food and agricultural industries. Epstein agrees some current legislation concerning
animal protection may need overhauling, but he sees no underlying problem.
Other detractors say that the push for personhood misses the point: it focuses on animals that are simi­
lar to humans without addressing the fundamental issue that all species have an equal right to exist.
Thomas Berry, of the Gaia Foundation, declares that rights do not emanate from humans but from the
universe itself, and, as such, all species have the right to existence, habitat, and role (be that predator,
plant, or decomposer). Dramatically changing human behaviour towards other species is necessary for
their survival - and that doesn't mean declaring animals as non-human persons.
To date, the NhRP has not succeeded in its applications to have the legal status of chimpanzees in New
York State changed, but the NhRP considers it some kind of victory that the cases have been heard.
Now, the NhRP can proceed to the Court of Appeals, where many emotive cases are decided, and
where much common law is formulated.
Despite setbacks, Wise doggedly continues to expose brutality towards animals. Thousands of years
of perceptions may have to be changed in this process. He may have lost the battle, but he doesn't
believe he's lost the war.

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Questions 28-33
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 28-33 on your answer sheet.
28 Why did Aristotle place animals below human beings?
A He doubted they behaved rationally.
B He thought them less intelligent.
C He considered them physically weaker.
D He believed they did not have souls.
29 Why did Kant think humans should not treat animals cruelly?
A Animals were important in agriculture.
B Animals were used by the miiitary.
C Animals experience pain in the same way humans do.
D Humans' exposure to cruelty was damaging to themselves.
130 6 IELTS Rractice Tests
LISTENING PASSAGE 1 PASSAGE 2

30 What concept of animals did Bentham develop?

A The existence of their suffering
B The magnitude of their suffering
C Their surprising brutality
D Their surprising spirituality
31 Where and when was the RSPCA founded?
A In Australia in 1977
B In England in 1824
C In Germany in 1977
D In the US in 1824
32 Why might Singer have chosen the title Animal liberation for his book?
A He was a committed vegetarian.
B He was concerned about endangered species.
C He was comparing animals to other subjugated groups.
D He was defending animals against powerful lobby groups.
33 What has recent research shown about chimpanzees?
A They have equal intelligence to dolphins.
B They have superior cognitive abilities to most animals.
C They are rapidly losing their natural habitat.
D They are far better protected now than 30 years ago.

Questions 34-40
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 34-40 on your answer sheet.
t , I ,, ,,
A new
,, '
legal status 'for animals?,,
Arguments • Steven Wise believes some highly intelligent animals that are
for: (34) ................. : .. should have a new legal status. While animals are not
humans, the law has a status for (35)..... ................, already applied to ships,
companies, and a river in New Zealand.
• If the legal status of animals were changed, Wise and the NhRP could file for
(36)....... ............., where a detainee is represented by someone else. Then,
they could take more effective action against animal abusers.
Arguments • Richard Epstein believes the (37).................... of animals is important, but if
against: animals had rights, the cost to human society would be too great.
• Others, like Thomas Berry, argue that rights are bestowed by the universe and not
by humans. Furthermore, (38). .. : ................ species have an equal right to exist.
Current • Although the NhRP has not (39).................... in having the legal status of
situation in any animals altered, it continues its struggle. Changing two millennia's worth of
the US: (40) .................... could prove difficult.
 Test 3 131

Writing
The Writing test lasts for 60 minutes.

Task 1
Spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram belows shows French blue mussel culture.

Write a summary of the information. Select and report the main features, and make
comparisons where necessary.

Write at least 150 words.

SPAWNING &
FECONDAT!ON

PRODUCTS
Adult French blue ��
Trochophore larvae
mussels for sale
(Stage= 3-4 weeks;
(50 mm long at 15 months)
mussels 0.3 mm long) �

DECL�MPING
GRADING
�
Ve!iger larvae
(3 On-bottom (Stage= 2-9 days)
Seabed

._....______ METAMORPHOSIS &

...
SETTLEMENT
.------­
MECH!ICAL (Stage= about 3 months;
HARVESTING mussels grow shells)
Off-bottom

\__
�
� uoy Coconut fibre rope
1 ==
zmmmmmmmm�anchor
(Yield per annum: --='----.-----=-
longl1ne culture �
about 20 tonnes)

(Yield per annum:--....,__...._...._ Intertidal Subtidal

about 17.5 tonnes)
bouchot culture � �
\ � 00 � - /

TRANSFERRING MUSSELS
to ropes (!ongline / bouchot)
132 6 IEt.TS Practice Tests

Task2
Spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:

Plagiarism* in all kinds of writing is becoming more frequent.

Why is this happening?
Some people think plagiarism causes problems, but others accept it. Discuss both views, and
give your own opinion.

Provide reasons for your answer, including relevant examples from your own knowledge or
experience.
Write at least 250 words.

*Plagiarism is copying another person's work, without acknowledgment, and pretending it is one's own.