CHEMISTRY

1 : Chemical Reactions and Equations

1. Balance the following chemical equation: 8. Sodium reacts with water to form sodium
hydroxide and hydrogen gas. The balanced
Fe(s) + Hp(g) Fep4(s) + H2(g)
equation which represents the above reaction is
[2008]...[1M] [2021]...[1M]

2. Why is respiration considered an exothermic (a) Na(s) + 2H20(1) 2NaOH(aq) + 2Hig)

process? [2008]...[1M] (b) 2Na(s) + 2Hp(1) 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
(c) 2Na(s) + 2H20(1) NaOH(aq) + 2H2(g)
3. Balance the following chemical equation:
(d) 2Na(s) + Hp(I) 2NaOH(aq) + 2H2(g)
heat
PbO(s) +N0 (g) + 0 (g) 9. C6H1p6(aq) + 602(aq) 6C02(aq) + 6Hp(1)

[2009]...[1M]
The above reaction is a/an [2021]...[1M]
(a) displacement reaction
4. Name a reducing agent that may be used to
(b) endothermic reaction
obtain manganese from manganese dioxide.
(c) exothermic reaction
[2009]...[1M]
(d) neutralisation reaction
5. What change in the colour of iron nails and 10. Which of the following statements about the
copper sulphate solution you observe after reaction given below are correct?
keeping the iron nails dipped in copper sulphate Mn02 + 4HCI MnCl2 + 2H20 + Cl2
solution for about 30 minutes? [2010]...[1M]
(i) HCI is oxidized to Cl2
6. In a double displacement reaction such as the (ii) Mn02 is reduced to MnCl2
reaction between sodium sulphate solution and (iii) MnCl2 acts as an oxidizing agent
barium chloride solution :
HCI acts as an oxidizing agent
(A) exchange of atoms takes place
[2021]...[1M]
(B) exchange of ions takes place
(ii), (iii) and (iv) (b) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(C) a precipitate is produced (c) (i) and (ii) only (d) (iii) and (iv) only

(D) an insoluble salt is produced 11. It is important to balance the chemical equations to
satisfy the law of conservation of mass. Which of
The correct option is : [2020]...[1M] the following statements of the law is incorrect?

(a) (B) and (D) (b) (A) and (C) [2021]...[1M]

(a) The total mass of the elements present in
(c) Only (B) (d) (B), (C) and (D) the reactants is equal to the total mass of
7. A student took sodium sulphate solution in a test the elements presents in the products.
tube and added barium chloride solution to it. He (b) The number of atoms of each element
observed that an insoluble substance has formed. remains the same, before and after a
The colour and molecular formula of the insoluble chemical reaction.
substance is [2021]...[1M] (c) The chemical composition of the reactants is
the same before and after the reaction.
(a) Grey, Ba2S04 (b) Yellow, Ba(S04)2
(d) Mass can neither be created nor can it be
(c) White, BaS04 (d) Pink, BaS04 destroyed in a chemical reaction.
 18 Science Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)
12. Which one of the following reactions is 17. No chemical reaction takes place when granules
categorised as thermal decomposition reaction? of a solid, A, are mixed with the powder of
[2021]...[1M] another solid, B. However, when the mixture is
heated, a reaction takes place between its
(a) 2Hp(I) 2H (g) + Oi(g)
components. One of the products, C, is a metal
(b) 2AgBr(s) 2Ag(s) + Bri(g) and settles down in the molten state while the
(c) 2AgCl(s) 2Ag(s) + Cli(g) other product, D floats over it. It was observed
that the reaction is highly exothermic.
(d) CaCO (s) CaO(s) + COig)
(i) Based on the given information make an
13. Assertion (A) : Burning of natural gas is an
assumption about A and B and write a
endothermic process.
chemical equation for the chemical reaction
Reason (R) : Methane gas combines with indicating the conditions of reaction, physical
oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. state of reactants and products and thermal
[2021]...[1M] status of reaction.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the (ii) Mention any two types of reaction under
correct explanation of (A). which above chemical reaction can be
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the classified. [2010]...[3M]
correct explanation of (A). 18. Decomposition reactions require energy either in
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false. the form of heat or light or electricity for breaking
down the reactants. Write one equation each for
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
decomposition reactions where energy is supplied
14. Give an example of a decomposition reaction. in the form of heat, light and electricity.
Describe an activity to illustrate such a reaction
[2018]...[3M]
by heating. [2008]...[2M]
19. 2 g of silver chloride is taken in a china dish and
15. (i) What is the colour of ferrous sulphate
the china dish is placed in sunlight for
crystals? How does this colour change after
sometime. What will be your observation in this
heating?
case? Write the chemical reaction involved in the
(ii) Name the products formed on strongly form of a balanced chemical equation. Identify
heating ferrous sulphate crystals. What type the type of chemical reaction. [2019]...[3M]
of chemical reaction occurs in this change?
20. Identify the type of reactions taking place in each
[2009]...[2M]
of the following cases and write the balanced
16. What happen when an aqueous solution of chemical equation for the reactions.
sodium sulphate reacts with an aqueous solution
(i) Zinc reacts with silver nitrate to produce zinc
of barium chloride? State the physical conditions
nitrate and silver.
of reactants in which the reaction between them
will not take place. Write the balanced chemical (ii) Potassium iodide reacts with lead nitrate to
equation for the reaction and name the type of produce potassium nitrate and lead iodide.
reaction. [2010]...[2M] [2019]...[3M]

2 : Acids, Bases and Salts

1. How does the flow of acid rain water into a river (a) It smells like vinegar and turns red litmus
make the survival of aquatic life in the river blue
difficult? [2008] ...[1M]
(b) It smells like onion and turns blue litmus
2. Fresh milk has a pH of 6. When it changes into blue
curd (yogurt), will its pH value increase or (c) It smells like orange and turns red litmus
decrease? Why? [2009] ...[1M] blue
3. Which of the following observations is true about (d) It smells like vinegar and turns blue litmus
dilute solution of acetic acid? [2012] ...[1M] red
Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Science 19
4. A student adds 4 ml of acetic to a test tube 9. Which of the following oxide(s) is/are soluble in
containing 4 ml of distilled water. He then shakes water to form alkalies? [2021] ...[1M]
the test tube and leaves it to settle. After about
(i) NazO (ii) SO2
10 minutes he observes: [2012) ...[1M]
(iii) KzO (iv) N02
(a) A layer of water over the layer of acetic acid
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (i) only
(b) A layer of acetic acid over the layer of water
(c) (ii) and (iv) (d) (iii) only
(c) A precipitate settling at the bottom of the test
tube 10. Study the diagram given below and identify the
gas formed in the reaction.
(d) A clear colourless solution
5. A student prepared 20% sodium hydroxide
solution in a beaker containing water. The
observations noted by him are given below.
[2013) ...[1M]
(I) Sodium hydroxide is in the form of pellets.
(II) It dissolves in water readily.
(Ill) The beaker appears cold when touched from [2021) ...[1M]
outside.
(a) Carbon di-oxide which extinguishes the
(IV) Red litmus paper turns blue when dipped
burning candle
into the solution.
(b) Oxygen due to which the candle burns more
The correct observations are:
brightly
(a) (I), (II), and (Ill) (b) (II), (Ill) and (IV)
(c) Sulphur dioxide which produces a suffocating
(c) (Ill), (IV) and (I) (d) (I), (II) and (IV) smell
6. In an experiment to study the properties of acetic (d) Hydrogen which while burning produces a
acid, a student takes about 2 ml of acetic acid popping sound
in a dry test tube. He adds about 2 ml of water
to it and shakes the test tube well. He is likely 11. Which of the options in the given table are
to observe that: [2013) ...[1M]
(a) The acetic acid dissolves readily in water. Option Natural Acid Present
(b) The solution becomes light orange. Source
(i) Orange Oxalic acid
(c) Water floats over the surface of acetic acid.
(ii) Sour milk Lactic acid
(d) Acetic acid floats over the surface of water.
(iii) Ant sting Methanoic acid
7. The chemical formula for plaster of Paris is :
(iv) Tamarind Acetic acid
[2020) ...[1M]
[2021) ...[1M]
(a) CaSO · 2Hp (b) CaSO • Hp
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iv)

(d) 2CaSO • Hp (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (iii) and (iv)
12. Select from the following the statement which is
8. Baking soda is a mixture of : true for bases. [2021] ...[1M]
[2020) ...[1M] (a) Bases are bitter and turn blue litmus red.
(a) Sodium carbonate and acetic acid (b) Bases have a pH less than 7.
(b) Sodium carbonate and tartaric acid (c) Bases are sour and change red litmus to blue.
(c) Sodium hydrogen carbonate and tartaric acid (d) Bases turn pink when a drop of
(d) Sodium hydrogen carbonate and acetic acid phenolphthalein is added to them.
 20 Science Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)
13. Study the following table and choose the correct 16. Which of the following salts do not have the
option : water of crystallisation?
(i) Beaching Powder (ii) Plaster of Paris
(iii) Washing soda (iv) Baking soda
(a) [2021) ...[1M]
(a) (ii) and (iv) (b) (i) and (iii)
(b)
(c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (i) and (iv)
(c) 17. Assertion (A) : Sodium hydrogen carbonate is
used as an ingredient in antacids.
(d)
Reason (R) : NaHCO3 is a mild non-corrosive
basic salt. [2021] ...[1M]
[2021) ...[1M]
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the
14. Consider the pH value of the following acidic
correct explanation of (A).
samples:
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the
S.No. Sample pH value correct explanation of (A)
1. Lemon juice 2.2 (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
2. Gastric juice 1.2 (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true
3. Vinegar 3.76 18. 50.0 ml of tap water was taken in a beaker.
4. Oil.Acetic 3.0 Hydrochloric acid was added drop by drop to
acid water. The temperature and pH of the solution
The decreasing order of their W ion concentration is was noted. The following graph was obtained.
[2021) ...[1M] Choose the correct statements related to this
activity.
(a) 3 > 4 > 1 > 2 (b) 2 > 1 > 3 > 4
(c) 2 > 1 > 4 > 3 (d) 3 > 4 > 2 > 1
15. Study the experimental set up shown in given
figure and choose the correct option from the
following:

Volume of HCI added (ml)

[2021) ...[1M] (i) The process of dissolving an acid in water

is highly endothermic.
(ii) The pH of the solution increases rapidly on
addition of acid.
hydroxide
(iii) The pH of the solution decreases rapidly on
addition of acid.
(a)
(iv) The pH of tap water was around 7.0.
(b) CO2 gas
[2021) ...[1M]
(c)
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iii)
(d) CO2 gas (c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iv)
Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Science 21
19. Write the chemical formula for washing soda. 23. 2 ml of sodium hydroxide solution is added to a
How may it be obtained from baking soda? few pieces of granulated zinc metal taken in a test
Name an industrial use of washing soda other tube. When the contents are warmed, a gas
than washing clothes. [2008) ...[2M] evolves which is bubbled through a soap solution
before testing. Write the equation of the chemical
20. A compound which is prepared from gypsum has reaction involved and the test to detect the gas.
the property of hardening when mixed with a Name the gas which will be evolved when the same
proper quantity of water. Identify the compound. metal reacts with dilute solution of a strong acid.
Write the chemical equation for its preparation. [2018) ...[3M]
For what purpose is it used in hospitals? 24. The pH of a salt used to make tasty and crispy
pakoras is 14. Identify the salt and write a chemical
[2009) ...[2M] equation for its formation. List its two uses.
[2018] ...[3M]
21. Blue litmus solution is added to two test tubes
25. Identify the acid and the base from which sodium
A and B containing dilute HCI and NaOH solution
chloride is obtained. Which type of salt is it? When
respectively. In which test tube a colour change
is it called rock salt? How is rock salt formed?
will be observed? State the colour change and
[2019] ...[3M]
give its reason. [2019) ...[2M]
26. List the important products of the Chlor-alkali
22. What is observed when 2 ml of dilute process. Write one important use of each.
hydrochloric acid is added to 1 g of sodium [2020) ...[3M]
carbonate taken in a clean and dry test tube? 27. How is washing soda prepared from sodium
Write chemical equation for the reaction carbonate? Give its chemical equation. State the
type of this salt. Name the type of hardness of
involved.
water which can be removed by it.
[2019) ...[2M] [2020) ...[3M]

3 : Metals and Non-metals

1. A clean aluminium foil was placed in an aqueous 3. The colours of aqueous solutions of CuSO4 and
solution of zinc sulphate. When the aluminium FeSO4 as observed in the laboratory are :
foil was taken out of the zinc sulphate solution
[2012) ...[1M]
after 15 minutes, its surface was found to be
coated with a silvery grey deposit. From the Pale green and light blue respectively
above observation it can be concluded that:
Light blue and dark green respectively
[2011] ...[1M]
(c) Dark blue and dark green respectively
(a) Aluminium is more reactive than zinc
(d) Dark blue and pale green respectively
(b) Zinc is more reactive than aluminium
4. A student prepared an aqueous solution of
(c) Zinc and aluminium both are equally reactive CuSO4 in beaker X and an aqueous solution of
(d) Zinc and aluminium both are non-reactive FeSO4 in beaker Y. He then dropped some iron
pieces in beaker X and some zinc pieces in
2. Iron nails were dipped in an aqueous solution of
beaker Y. After about 10 hours, he observed that
copper sulphate. After about 30 minutes, it was
the solution in X and Y respectively appears:
observed that the colour of the solution changed
from [2011) ...[1M] [2012) ...[1M]
(a) Colorless to light green (a) Blue and green
(b) Blue to light green (b) Colourless and pale green
(c) Blue to colourless (c) Colourless and light blue
(d) Green to blue (d) Greenish and colourless
 22 Science Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)
5. The compound obtained on reaction of iron with 9. Out of the given metals, the one which needs to
steam is/are : [2020) ...[1M] be stored used kerosene is [2021) ...[1M]
(a) Fep3 (b) Fep4 (a) p (b) R
(c) FeO (d) Fep3 and Fep4 (c) S (d) Q
6. An element 'X' reacts with 0 to give a compound 10. Out of the given metals, the metal Q is
with a high melting point. This compound is also [2021) ...[1M]
soluble in water. The element 'X' is likely to be :
(a) Iron (b) Zinc
[2020) ...[1M]
(c) Potassium (d) Magnesium
(a) iron (b) calcium
11. Metal which forms amphoteric oxides is
(c) carbon (d) silicon
[2021) ...[1M]
7. Which one of the following structures correctly
(a) P (b) Q
depicts the compound CaCl2? [2021) ...[1M]
2
2+ (c) R (d) S
2
(a) ca • [ ]] - (b) [sa] [ jJ 12. The increasing order of the reactivity of the four
metals is: [2021] ...[1M]

(c) ca
2
• [ :1] sa J )J
(d)
2
(a) P < Q < R < S
(c) S < P < Q < R
(b) S < R < Q < P
(d) P < R < Q < S
8. The pair(s) which will show displacement
reaction is/are 13. (a) What are amphoteric oxides? Choose the
amphoteric oxides from amongst the
(i) NaCl solution and copper metal
following oxides:
(ii) AgN03 solution and copper metal Nap, ZnO, A1p 3, CO 2, Hp
(iii) AliS0 ) solution and magnesium metal
4 3
(b) Why is it that non-metals do not displace
(iv) ZnS04 solution and iron metal hydrogen from dilute acids? [2008) ...[3M]
14. What is meant by 'rusting'? With labelled
(a) (ii) only (b) (ii) and (iii) diagrams, describe an activity to find out the
conditions under which iron rusts? [2009] ...[3M]
(c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (ii)
15. Write the electronic configuration of two elements
Case Study Based Questions (Q.9 to Q.12) :
X and Y whose atomic numbers are 20 and 17
A student, took four metals P, Q, Rand Sand carried respectively. Write the molecular formula of the
out different experiments to study the properties of compound formed when element X reacts with
metals. Some of the observations were: element Y. Draw electron-dot structure of the
• All metals could not be cut with knife except product and also state the nature of the bond
metal R. formed between both the elements.

• Metal P combined with oxygen to form an [2017) ...[3M]

oxide M203 which reacted with both acids 16. What is 'rusting'? Describe with a labelled
and bases. diagram an activity to investigate the conditions
• Reaction with water. under which iron rusts. [2020) ...[3M]

P - Did not react either with cold or hot 17. Write the name and symbols of two most reactive
water but reacted with steam metals belonging to group-I of the periodic table.
Explain by drawing electronic structure how
Q - Reacted with hot water and the metal
either one of the two metals reacts with a
started floating
halogen. With which name is the bond formed
R - Reacted violently with cold water. between these elements known and what is the
S - Did not react with water at all class of the compound so formed known? State
any four physical properties of such compounds.
Based on the above observations answer the
following questions: [2010) ...[SM]
Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Science 23
18. What is meant by refining of metals? Name the 20. (i) List in tabular form three chemical properties
on the basis of which we can differentiate
most widely used method of refining impure
between a metal and a non-metal.
metals produced by various reduction processes.
(ii) Give reasons for the following :
Describe with the help of a labelled diagram how
(a) Most metals conduct electricity well.
this method may be used for refining of copper.
(b) The reaction of iron (Ill) oxide [Fep3]
[2010] ...[SM] with heated aluminium is used to join
cracked machine parts. [2019] ...[SM]
19. (i) Write the steps involved in the extraction of
21. (a) What is thermit process? Where is this
pure metals in the middle of the activity
process used? Write balanced chemical
series from their carbonate ores. equation for the reaction involved.
(ii) How is copper extracted from its sulphide (b) Where does the metal aluminium, used in
ore? Explain the various steps supported by the process, occurs in the reactivity series
of metals?
chemical equations. Draw labelled diagram
(c) Name the substances that are getting
for the electrolytic refining of copper.
oxidised and reduced in the process.
[2018) ...[SM] [2020) ...[SM]

4 : Carbons and its Compounds

1. State two characteristic features of carbon which 5. Vapours of acetic acid smell: [2011) ...[1M]
when put together give rise to large number of (a) Pungent like vinegar
carbon compounds. [2010) ...[1M]
(b) Sweet like rose
2. Draw the structure of Butanone molecule, Suffocating like sulphur dioxide
CH3COC2H5 [2011) ...[1M] (d) Odorless like water
3. A student added acetic acid to test tubes I, II, Ill A student takes Na2CO3 powder in a test tube
and IV containing the labelled substances and and pours some drops of acetic acid in it.
then brought a burning splinter near the mouth of
He observes: [2012) ...[1M]
each test tube.
No reaction in the test tube
(c)
Colourless gas with pungent smell
(c) Bubbles of a colourless and odourless gas
-
---------- ------·---
- - -
------
------- ------ - (d) White fumes with smell of vinegar
Ill IV 7. Hard water required for an experiment is not
NaOH NaCl NaHCO3 Ca(OH)2
available in a school laboratory. However,
The splinter would be extinguished when brought following salts are available in the laboratory.
near the mouth of test tube. [2011) .... [1M] Select the salts which may be dissolved in water
to make it hard for the experiment.
(a) (b)
1. Calcium Sulphate
(c) Ill (d) IV
2. Sodium Sulphate
4. Acetic acid reacts with solid sodium hydrogen
3. Calcium Chloride
carbonate, [2011) ...[1M]
4. Potassium Sulphate
(a) Slowly forming no gas
5. Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate
(b) Vigorously with effervescence
6. Magnesium Chloride [2013) ...[1M]
(c) Slowly without effervescence
(a) 1,2and4 (b) 1,3and6
(d) Vigorously without gas formation (c) 3, 5 and 6 (d) 2, 4 and 5
 24 Science Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)

8. A student takes 2 ml acetic acid in a dry test tube 12. In a locality, hard water, required for an experiment,
and adds a pinch of sodium hydrogen carbonate is not available. However, the following salts are
to it. He makes the following observations: available in the school laboratory :
(I) A colourless and odourless gas evolves with 1. Sodium sulphate
a brisk effervescence. 2. Calcium sulphate
(II) The gas turns lime water milky when passed
3. Magnesium chloride
through it.
4. Sodium chloride
(Ill) The gas burns with an explosion when a
burning splinter is brought near it. 5. Calcium chloride

(IV) The gas extinguishes the burning splinter 6. Potassium sulphate

which is brought near it. Which of the above salts may be dissolved in
The correct observations are : [2013) ...[1M] water to obtain hard water for the experiment?

(a) (I), (II) and (Ill) (b) (II), (Ill) and (IV) [2014] ...[1M]

(c) (Ill), (IV) and (I) (d) (IV), (I) and (II) (A) 2, 3 and 5
9. In an experiment to study the properties of (B) 1, 2 and 5
ethanoic acid, a student takes about 3 ml of (C) 1, 2, 4 and 6
ethanoic acid in a dry test tube. He adds an
(D) 3 and 5 only
equal amount of distilled water to it and shakes
the test tube well. After some time he is likely 13. Write the number of covalent bonds in the
to observe that [2014] ...[1M] molecule of butane, C4H10. [2015) ...[1M]

(A) a colloid is formed in the test tube 14. While preparing soap a small quantity of
common salt is generally added to the reaction
(B) the ethanoic acid dissolves readily in water
mixture of vegetable oil and sodium hydroxide.
(C) the solution becomes light orange Which one of the following may be the purpose
(D) water floats over the surface of ethanoic acid of adding common salt? [2015) ...[1M]
10. We need 20% aqueous solution of sodium (A) To reduce the basic nature of the soap
hydroxide for the study of saponification reaction. (B) To make the soap neutral
When we open the lid of the bottle containing solid
(C) To enhance the cleansing power of the soap
sodium hydroxide we observe it in which form?
[2014) ...[1M]
(D) To favour the precipitation of the soap

(A) Colourless transparent beads 15. A. student takes about 4 ml of distilled water in
four test tubes marked P, Q, R and S. He then
(B) Small white beads
dissolves in each test tube an equal amount of
(C) White pellets/flakes one salt in one test tube, namely sodium
(D) Fine white powder sulphate in P, potassium sulphate in Q, calcium
sulphate in R and magnesium sulphate in S.
11. While studying saponification reaction, a student
After that he adds an equal amount of soap
measures the temperature of the reaction
solution in each test tube. On shaking each of
mixture and also finds its nature using blue/red
these test tubes well, he observes a good
litmus paper. On the basis of his observations the
amount of lather (foam) in the test tube marked.
correct conclusion would be [2014) ...[1M]
[2015) ...[1M]
(A) the reaction is exothermic and the reaction
mixture is acidic (A) P and Q (B) Q and R
(B) the reaction is endothermic and the reaction (C) P, Q and S (D) P, Rand S
mixture is acidic 16. When you add sodium hydrogen carbonate to
(C) the reaction is endothermic and the reaction acetic acid in a test tube, a gas liberates
mixture is basic immediately with brisk effervescence. Name this
(D) the reaction is exothermic and the reaction gas. Describe the method of testing this gas.
mixture is basic [2015) ...[1M]
Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X) Science 25
17. Write the name and structure of an aldehyde with 24. Mention the essential material (chemicals) to
four carbon atoms in its molecule. [2016) ...[1M] prepare soap in the laboratory. Describe in brief
18. Write the molecular formula of the 2 and 3
nd rd the test of determining the nature (acidic/alkaline)
member of the homologous series where the first of the reaction mixture of saponification reaction.
member is ethyne. [2017) ...[1M] [2017) ...[2M]

19. A student requires hard water for an experiment 25. A compound 'X' on heating with excess cone.
in his laboratory which is not available in the sulphuric acid at 443 K gives an unsaturated
neighbouring area. In the laboratory there are compound 'Y'. 'X' also reacts with sodium metal
some salts, which when dissolved in distilled to evolve a colourless gas 'Z'. Identify 'X', 'Y' and
water can convert it into hard water. Select from 'Z'. Write the equation of the chemical reaction of
the following groups of salts, a group, each salt formation of 'Y' and also write the role of
of which when dissolved in distilled water will sulphuric acid in the reaction.
make it hard. [2017) ...[1M]
[2018] ...[2M]
(A) Sodium chloride, Potassium chloride
26. In three test tubes A, B and C, three different
(B) Sodium sulphate, Potassium sulphate liquids namely, distilled water, underground water
(C) Sodium sulphate, Calcium sulphate and distilled water in which a pinch of calcium
sulphate is dissolved, respectively are taken.
(D) Calcium sulphate, Calcium chloride
Equal amount of soap solution is added to each
20. Name the functional group present in propanone. test tube and the contents are shaken. In which
[2020) ...[1M] test tube will the length of the foam (lather) be
21. Assertion (A) : In a homologous series of longest? Justify your answer.
alcohols, the formula for the second member is [2019) ...[2M]
C2HpH and the third member is C 3HpH.
27. "Carbon prefers to share its valence electrons
Reason (R) : The difference between the with other atoms of carbon or with atoms of other
molecular masses of the two consecutive elements rather than gaining or losing the valence
members of a homologous series is 144.
electrons in order to attain noble gas
[2020) ...[1M] configuration." Give reasons to justify this
statement. [2022) ...[2M]
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of the Assertion. 28. Jhe atomic number of an element 'X' is 11.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the (i) Write the electronic configurations of X and
correct explanation of the Assertion. find its valency.
(c) A is true but R is false. (ii) Write the formula and nature of its oxide.

(d) A is false but R is true. [2022) ...[2M]

22. Write the name and general formula of a chain 29. (i) Why are covalent compounds generally poor
of hydrocarbons in which an addition reaction conductors of electricity?
with hydrogen is possible. State the essential (ii) Name the following compound:
condition for an addition reaction. Stating this
condition, write a chemical equation giving the H H
name of the reactant and the product of the I I
H-C-C-C-H
reaction. [2015) ...[2M]
I II I
H O H
23. A student adds a spoon full of powdered sodium
hydrogen carbonate to a flask containing ethanoic
(iii) Name the gas evolved when ethanoic acid is
acid. List two main observations, he must note
added to sodium carbonate. How would you
in his note book, about the reaction that takes
prove the presence of this gas?
place. Also write chemical equation for the
reaction. [2016) ...[2M] [2008) ...[3M]
 26 Science Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)
30. Give reasons for the following observations : 37. Define the term 'structural' isomerism'. Explain
(i) The element carbon forms a very large why propane cannot exhibit this property. Draw
number of compounds. the structures of possible isomers of butane,
(ii) Air holes of a gas burner have to be adjusted C4H10 [2014) ...[3M]
when the heated vessels get blackened by
38. List two tests for experimentally distinguishing
the flame.
between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid and
(iii) Use of synthetic detergents causes pollution
describe how these tests are performed.
of water. [2009] ...[3M]
31. Name the functional group of organic compounds [2015) ...[3M]
that can be hydrogenated. With the help of 39. Write three different chemical reactions showing
suitable example, explain the process of
the conversion of ethanoic acid to sodium
hydrogenation mentioning the conditions of the
ethanoate. Write balanced chemical equation in
reaction any one change in physical property
with the formation of the product. Name any one each case. Write the name of the reactants and
natural source of organic compounds that are the products other than ethanoic acid and
hydrogenated. [2010) ...[3M] sodium ethanoate in each case. [2016) ...[3M]
32. Write chemical equations to show what happens 40. Distinguish between esterification and
when:
saponification reactions with the help of the
(i) Ethanol is heated with concentrated chemical equations for each. State one use of
sulphuric acid at 443 K.
each (i) Esters, and (ii) Saponification process.
(ii) Ethanol reacts with ethanoic acid in the
presence of an acid acting as a catalyst. [2017) ...[3M]

(iii) An ester reacts with a base [2011) ...[3M] 41. Write the structural formula of ethanol. What
33. Complete the following equations: happens when it is heated with excess of cone.
(i) CH4 + 02 H2SO4 at 443 K? Write the chemical equation for
c_,. _so •
(ii) C H OH _H_o_tco_nH the reaction stating the role of cone. H2SO4 in
2 5 this reaction. [2017] ...[3M]
(iii) CH3COOH + NaOH [2012) ...[3M] 42. (i) Why are most carbon compounds poor
34. Name the oxidising agent used for the conversion conductors of electricity?
of ethanol to ethanoic acid. Distinguish between
ethanol and ethanoic acid on the basis of ii) Write the name and structure of a saturated
compound in which the carbon atoms are
(i) Litmus test
arranged in a ring. Give the number of single
(ii) Reaction with sodium carbonate[2013] ...[3M]
bonds present in this compound.
35. (i) Differentiate between alkanes and alkenes.
Name and draw the structure of one member [2018] ...[3M]
of each.
43. 3 ml of ethanol is taken in a test tube and
(ii) Alkanes generally burn with clean flame. warmed gently in a water bath. A 5% solution
Why? [2013] ...[3M]
of alkaline potassium permanganate is added
36. A carboxylic acid (molecular formula C2H4O2)
first drop by drop to this solution, then in
reacts with an alcohol in the presence of an acid
excess.
catalyst to form a compound 'X'. The alcohol on
oxidation with alkaline KMnO4 followed by (i) How is 5% solution of KMnO prepared?
acidification gives the same carboxylic acid
(ii) State the role of alkaline potassium
C2HP2·
permanganate in this reaction. What
Write the name and structure of
happens on adding it in excess?
(i) carboxylic acid,
(ii) alcohol and (iii) Write chemical equation of this reaction.

(iii) the compound 'X'. [2014) ...[3M] [2020] ...[3M]

Chapter-wise Previous Years' Questions (Class-X)

44. Consider the following organic compounds: 50. Both soap and detergent are some type of salts.
H H H H H What is the difference between them? Describe
I I I I I in brief the cleansing action of soap. Why do
(i) H-C-C-C=O (ii) H-C-C=O soaps not form lather in hard water? List two
I I I
H H H problems that arise due to the use of detergents
(a) Name the functional group present in their instead of soaps. [2015) ...[SM]
compounds. 51. A carbon compound 'P' on heating with excess
(b) Write the general formula for the compounds cone. H2S04 forms another carbon compound
of this functional group. 'Q' which on addition of hydrogen in the
(c) State the relationship between these presence of nickel catalyst forms a saturated
compounds and draw the structure of any carbon compound 'R'. One molecule of 'R' on
other compound having similar functional combustion forms two molecules of carbon
group. [2022) ...[3M] dioxide and three molecules of water. Identify P,
Q and R and write chemical equations for the
45. (a) Draw the electron dot structure for ethyne.
reactions involved. [2016) ...[SM]
(b) List two differences between the properties
52. Why certain compounds are called hydrocarbons?
exhibited by covalent compounds and ionic
Write the general formula for homologous series
compounds. [2022) ...[1+2=3M]
of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes and also draw
46. (i) State two properties of carbon which lead to
the structure of the first member of each series.
a very large number of carbon compounds.
Write the name of the reaction that converts
(ii) Why does micelle formation take place when alkenes into alkanes and also write a chemical
soap is added to water? Why are micelles equation to show the necessary conditions for the
not formed when soap is added to ethanol? reaction to occur. [2017) ...[SM]
[2011) ...[SM] 53. Write the chemical formula and name of the
47. Explain isomerism. State any four characteristics compound which is the active ingredient of all
of isomers. Draw the structures of possible alcoholic drinks. List its two uses. Write
isomers of butane, C4H10. [2011) ...[SM] chemical equation and name of the product
48. List in tabular form three physical and two formed when this compound reacts with
chemical properties on the basis of which (i) Sodium metal
ethanol and ethanoic acid can be differentiated. (ii) Hot concentrated sulphuric acid [2019] ...[SM]
[2012) ...[SM] 54. What is methane? Draw its electron dot structure.
49. (i) Define the term 'isomers' Name the type of bonds formed in this compound.
(ii) Draw two possible isomers of the compound hy are such compounds :
with molecular formula C3H60 and write their (i) Poor conductors of electricity? and
names.
(ii) Have low melting and boiling points? What
(iii) Give the electron dot structures of the above happens when this compound burns in
two compounds [2013] ...[SM] oxygen? [2019] ...[SM]