Conditional Sentence

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Lecturer : Yani LubisM.Hum
Created By :
Group 1
Anisa Eka Putri Aulia (302231004)
Lolita Sari Siregar (302231012)
Nabila Arrahma (302231003)
Siti Rahimah Hrp (302231001)
DEPARTMENT OF ARABIC LANGUAGE EDUCATION

FACULTY OF TARBIYAH AND TEACHING SCIENCES
NORTH SUMATRA STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY
2023
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
A conditional sentence is a compound sentence that contains a condition about

imagination, presuppositions, and something that has never happened. The
assumptions expressed may or may not come true.
Conditional sentences consist of independent clauses and dependent clauses which

usually start with the word 'if' or if. A sentence that consists of these two clauses can
then be called a conditional sentence. However, there are several sentences that
could start with 'when' or when.
The form of a conditional sentence is if-clause + main clause. if clause is a clause
that is part of a presupposition. The main clause is a sentence that contains the
consequences of the conditional condition at the beginning of the sentence. Apart
from that, the conditional sentence formula can also be reversed to become main
clause + if-clause.
Examples of conditional sentences:
a. If I save enough money, I can go to Bali this year = If I save enough money, I can
go to Bali this year.
(The beginning of this sentence is an if - clause followed by a main clause)
b. My sister can have dessert if she finishes her homework. = My sister can get
dessert if she finishes her homework.
(The beginning of the sentence is the main clause, and is followed by an if - clause).
Types of Conditional Sentences
1. Conditional Sentence Type 0
The first type is actually still simple and very easy to understand. Conditional
sentence zero is used to express a fact with the formula "if...then...". In Indonesian,
for example, "if it rains, the roads will be wet", "if it is hot, the clothes dry quickly"
and so on.
These two sentences are called conditional sentence zero because they express a fact
that is commonly known to many people. Conditional sentence zero is usually found
in present tense form.
Formula: if + simple present, simple present
simple present + if + simple present
Example of sentences:
a. if you drink a glass of milk before sleeping, you sleep well = If you drink a glass
of milk before sleeping, you will sleep well.
(The sentence above is a fact, many people already know the fact that drinking milk
before bed can make you sleep better)
b. If it rains, the road gets wet. = if it rains, the roads become wet.
(This is of course commonplace and people definitely know this fact)
c. If you stare at the sun too long, your eyes will be damaged. = If you stare at the
sun for too long, your eyes will be damaged.
d. When she goes on a trip, she always takes a lot of videos. = When he travels, he
always takes a lot of videos.
e. If you heat the water to 110 degrees, it boils. = If you heat water to 110 degrees,
it will boil.
Conditional sentence type 1, or first conditional sentence, is a form of presupposition

sentence that is used to express when a consequence or result is likely to occur in the
future. This can happen because it is still realistic or reasonable for the assumption
to happen. Therefore, the first conditional sentence uses a sentence with a simple
future.
Formula: if + simple present, simple future tense
simple future + if + simple present
a. If you tell your mom the truth, she will forgive you. = If you tell your mother the
truth, she will forgive you.
(the sentence above states that there is still a possibility that if he is honest with his
mother, there is still a possibility that his mother will forgive him)
b. If I win the lottery, I will take you to Paris. = If I win the lottery, I will take you
to Paris.
(The sentence above means that the speaker is taking part in the lottery draw, and if
he wins, he will take his friend to Paris. However, it means that there is a possibility
that he will lose the lottery, so he and his friend will not go to Paris.)
c. If I come home late, I will get in trouble. = If I come home late, I will get into
trouble.
(The condition is that the speaker will get into trouble if he comes home late, but if
he doesn't, then he won't get into trouble.)
d. I will buy you a pizza if you wait for me a little longer. = I'll buy you pizza if you
wait for me a little longer.
Apart from that, the first conditional sentence can also be used to give instructions
or advice. However, what is used is no longer 'will', but the imperative mood.
Imperative is a verb form, more precisely a mood. This form expresses an order,
demand, order, explicit request and so on.
e. If you don't like coffee, don't drink it. = If you don't like coffee, don't drink it.
f. Listen to me carefully if you don't want to miss a thing. = Listen to me carefully
if you don't want to miss anything.
Conditional sentence type 2, or second conditional sentence is a conditional sentence

that is used to express when a consequence or result can come true even though the
possibility is very small for it to come true. The second conditional sentence is very
suitable for expressing dreams and wishes. Even though it may not necessarily
happen, it could also become a reality. The second conditional sentence uses would,
could and might which are used to explain how big the condition will occur.
Formula: if + past tense, past future
past future + if + past tense
a. If I become the President of this country, I will pay more attention to the education
sector. = If I become president of this country, I will pay more attention to the
education sector.
(The sentence above of course expresses a presumption about what the speaker
wants to do if he becomes president. He uses the second conditional sentence,
meaning he thinks that his dream of becoming president is just wishful thinking.)
b. If I owned an amusement park, I might open it up to 24 hours. = If I had an
amusement park, I would probably open it 24 hours a day.
(From the sentence above, we can see that the speaker does not have an amusement
park, and it is possible that it could happen, but the possibility of that dream
happening is very small.)
c. If I won the lottery, I would go on a trip around the world with you.
(The sentence above means that he will take his friend around the world if he wins
the lottery, but the probability is very small that the speaker won the lottery.)
When using a second conditional sentence to give advice, usually use the phrase 'if
I were',
d. I wouldn't be thinking about it if I were you. = I wouldn't think about that if I were
you.
e. If I were you, I would continue my studies to get a master's degree. = If I were
you, I would continue my studies to get a master's degree.
Conditional sentence type 3 or third conditional sentence is a conditional sentence

that is used when you want to express a condition that cannot possibly be realized at
all. This is because the conditions expressed are very impossible, or just an
imagination.
This third conditional sentence also expresses something that is the opposite of what
happened in the past. In type three conditional sentences, the past perfect tense is
used and auxiliary capital (would, should, could) is also added.
Formula: if + past perfect, future perfect
future perfect + if + past perfect
a. If my grades were good, I would have gotten a better job. = If my grades were
good, I would have gotten a better job.
(From this sentence we can tell that the speaker did not have good grades during his
studies, and he is currently not getting a job that he thinks is good.)
b. If I hadn't broken my arm, I would have traveled to Bali with my boyfriend. = If
I didn't break my hand, I would definitely go to Bali with my girlfriend.
(From this sentence we know that he can't go to Bali with his girlfriend, it's just
wishful thinking because the speaker has broken his hand so he can't go anywhere.)
c. If she had taken the bus, she wouldn't have had a car accident. = If only he had
taken the bus, he would not have had a car accident.

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CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Lecturer : Yani LubisM.Hum

DEPARTMENT OF ARABIC LANGUAGE EDUCATION

A conditional sentence is a compound sentence that contains a condition about

Conditional sentences consist of independent clauses and dependent clauses which

Conditional sentence type 1, or first conditional sentence, is a form of presupposition

3. Conditional Sentence Type 2

Conditional sentence type 2, or second conditional sentence is a conditional sentence

Conditional sentence type 3 or third conditional sentence is a conditional sentence

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