CBSE Class 10 Social Science Solution 2024

(Set 1 - 32/1/1)

Ques 1. From which of the following countries Giuseppe Garibaldi

belonged to ?
(a) Austria
(b) Italy
(c) Greece
(d) Spain

Solu. Giuseppe Garibaldi belonged to Italy (b).

Ques 2. Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and
Reason (R). Read both the statements and choose the correct option.
Assertion (A): The most serious source of nationalist tension in
Europe after 1871 was Balkan.
Reason (R): A large part of the Balkan was under the control of
Ottoman Empire.
Options:
(a) Both, (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both, (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of
(A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.

Solu. The Assertion (A) and the Reason (R) are both true. The Balkans
were a major source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871 because a
large part of the region was under the control of the Ottoman Empire.

Ques 3. Arrange the following events in chronological order and

choose the correct option from the following:
I. Treaty of Constantinople
II. Defeat of Napoleon
III. Unification of Italy
IV. Unification of Germany
Options:
(a) I, II, IV and III
(b) II, III, I and IV
(c) II, I, IV and III
(d) IV, I, III and II

Solu. The correct option is (c) II, I, IV, and III.

Explanation:
1. Defeat of Napoleon (II) - This occurred first, in 1815, with the end of the
Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna.
2. Treaty of Constantinople (I) - This followed, signed in 1832, which
established Greece as an independent state.
3. Unification of Germany (IV) - This happened next, in 1871, with the
formation of the German Empire.
4. Unification of Italy (III) - Finally, Italy was unified in 1871 under the
leadership of figures like Giuseppe Garibaldi and Count Cavour.

Ques 4. Which one of the following pairs regarding Indian

nationalism is correctly matched ?
Leaders Contribution
(a) Sardar Patel : Hindustan Socialist Republican Army
(b) Bhagat Singh : Swaraj Party
(c) C.R. Das : Bardoli Satyagraha
(d) Jawahar Lal Nehru : Oudh Kisan Sabha

Solu. The correct pair is (c) C.R. Das: Bardoli Satyagraha.

Explanation:
- Sardar Patel is associated with organizing the Bardoli Satyagraha.
- Bhagat Singh was a prominent member of the Hindustan Socialist
Republican Association (not Army).
- C.R. Das led the Swaraj Party along with Motilal Nehru.
- Jawaharlal Nehru's association with Indian nationalism is often linked with
his leadership in various movements, but not specifically with the Oudh
Kisan Sabha.

Ques 5. Choose the correctly matched pair.

(a) Ferrous Natural Gas
(b) Non-Ferrous Nickel
(c) Non-Metallic Minerals Limestone
(d) Energy Minerals Cobalt

Solu. The correctly matched pair is (c) Non-Metallic Minerals: Limestone.

Explanation:
- Ferrous metals include iron and steel, not natural gas.
- Nickel is a non-ferrous metal, not non-ferrous itself.
- Limestone is indeed a type of non-metallic mineral.
- Cobalt is categorized as an energy mineral, not an energy mineral itself.

Ques 6. Read the given statements and choose the correct option
with regard to Rabi cropping season from the following:
I. Rabi crops are sown in winter.
II. Sown from October to December and harvested from April to June.
III. Important crops are Maize, Cotton, Jute.
IV. Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh are important for the production of
wheat.
Options:
(a) I, III and IV
(c) I, II and IV
(b) II, III and IV
(d) I, II and III

Solu. The correct option is (b) II, III, and IV.

Explanation:
- Statement I is incorrect because Rabi crops are sown in the winter, not in
summer.
- Statement II is correct as Rabi crops are sown from October to December
and harvested from April to June.
- Statement III is incorrect because important Rabi crops include wheat,
barley, and mustard, not maize, cotton, and jute.
- Statement IV is correct as Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh are
indeed important for the production of wheat during the Rabi season.

Ques 7. Identify the soil with the help of following information.

• It develops in areas with high temperature.
• It is the result of intense leaching due to heavy rain. Humus content
is low.
Soil:
(a) Arid soil
(c) Laterite soil
(b) Yellow soil
(d) Black soil

Solu. The soil described in the given information is (c) Laterite soil.
Explanation:
- Laterite soil develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall.
- It is characterized by intense leaching, which leads to low humus content.
- This type of soil is commonly found in tropical regions.

Ques 8. Which of the following term refers to the belief in and

advocacy for the social, political and economic equality of women?
(a) Patriarchy
(b) Matriarchy
(c) Socialist
(d) Feminists

Solu. The term that refers to the belief in and advocacy for the social,
political, and economic equality of women is (d) Feminists.
Ques 9. Read the given statements:
. India has no official religion.
. All the communities have freedom to profess and practice any
religion in India.
Which one of the following constitutional term is used for the above
statements?
(a) Republic
(c) Sovereign
(b) Secular
(d) Socialist

Solu. The constitutional term used for the given statements is (b) Secular.

Ques 11. Which of the following was the primary objective of Belgium
to form the separate government in Brussels ?
(a) Promoting cultural events.
(b) Managing international relations.
(c) Enforcing local laws.
(d) Ensuring linguistic accommodation.

Solu. The primary objective of Belgium to form the separate government in

Brussels was to (d) Ensure linguistic accommodation.

Ques 12. Which one of the following countries has two-party system?
(a) China
(b) United Kingdom
(c) India
(d) Pakistan

Solu. The country with a two-party system is (b) United Kingdom.

Ques 13. What role do 'checks and balances play in a democratic

country? Choose the most suitable option from the following.
(a) To establish a direct form of government without representatives.
(b) To create a separation of powers to prevent from authoritarianism.
(c) To prevent any change to the Constitution.
(d) To ensure absolute power for one branch of government.

Solu. The most suitable option is (b) To create a separation of powers to

prevent authoritarianism.
Checks and balances ensure that no single branch of government
becomes too powerful, thus preventing authoritarianism and promoting a
system where each branch can check the powers of the others, creating a
balance of power.

Ques 14. Suppose, the monthly income of the family members is as

follows respectively:
• Mother - Rs. 50,000/- • Father - Rs. 40,000/-
• Son-Rs. 20,000/- • Daughter - Rs. 20,000/-
The average income of the family would be :
(a) Rs. 32,000/-
(b) Rs. 30,000/-
(c) Rs. 32,500/-
(d) Rs. 33,000/-

Solu. To find the average income of the family, you sum up the incomes of
all family members and then divide by the number of family members.
Total income = Rs. 50,000 + Rs. 40,000 + Rs. 20,000 + Rs. 20,000 = Rs.
1,30,000
Number of family members = 4
Average income = Total income / Number of family members
= Rs. 1,30,000 / 4
= Rs. 32,500
So, the average income of the family would be (c) Rs. 32,500.

Ques 15. Which one of the following indices is given priority by the
World Bank with respect to development?
(a) Infant Mortality Rate
(৮) Equality
(c) Body Mass Index
(d) Per Capita Income

Solu. The index given priority by the World Bank with respect to
development is (d) Per Capita Income.

Ques 16. Choose the correct option to fill the blank.

Removing barriers or restrictions on business and trade set by the
government is called as
(a) Disinvestment
(b) Special Economic Zones
(c) Liberalisation
(d) Foreign Direct Investment

Solu. Removing barriers or restrictions on business and trade set by the

government is called as (c) Liberalisation.

Ques 17. Which one of the following is an example of organized

sector activities?
(a) A farmer irrigating his field.
(b) A handloom weaver working in her house.
(c) A headload worker carrying cement.
(d) A teacher taking classes in a government school

Solu. The example of organized sector activities among the given options
is (d) A teacher taking classes in a government school.

Ques 18. Which of the following are developmental goals of a

prosperous farmer ? Choose the correct from the given options.
I. Better wages
II. Higher support prices for crops
III. Assured high family income
IV. More days for work
Options:
(a) Only I and II are correct.
(b) Only II and IV are correct.
(c) Only II and III are correct.
(d) Only I and IV are correct.

Solu. The developmental goals of a prosperous farmer typically include

higher support prices for crops (II) and assured high family income (III). So,
the correct option is (c) Only II and III are correct.

Ques 19. Why do lenders often require collateral before lending loan?
Choose the most suitable option from the following.
(a) To lower interest rates for borrowers.
(b) To establish personal relations.
(c) To increase their profit margins.
(d) To mitigate the risk of loan default.

Solu. The most suitable option is (d) To mitigate the risk of loan default.
Lenders often require collateral before lending a loan to mitigate the risk of
loan default. Collateral serves as security for the lender, ensuring that they
have an asset to recover in case the borrower fails to repay the loan. This
reduces the lender's risk and increases the likelihood of loan repayment.

Ques 21. "The Silk route was a good example of vibrant pre-modern
trade and cultural links between distant parts of the world." Explain
the statement with any two examples.

Solu. The Silk Road indeed exemplified vibrant pre-modern trade and
cultural links between distant parts of the world. Here are two examples to
illustrate this:
1. Trade Networks: The Silk Road facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas,
and technologies between East and West. For instance, Chinese silk,
porcelain, and tea were traded to the West, while products like spices,
precious stones, and glassware made their way from the West to the East.
This exchange not only stimulated economic growth but also enriched
cultural diversity along the route.
2. Cultural Exchange: Alongside trade, the Silk Road served as a conduit
for the exchange of culture, religion, and knowledge. One notable example
is the spread of Buddhism from India to East Asia via the Silk Road.
Buddhist monks and merchants traveled along the route, spreading
teachings and establishing monasteries, contributing to the dissemination
of Buddhist art, scriptures, and practices across Asia.
These examples demonstrate how the Silk Road fostered extensive
connections between civilizations, promoting not only economic prosperity
but also cultural diffusion and intellectual exchange across vast regions.

Ques 22. (A) Suggest any two measures for the conservation of
forest.
Solu. Here are two measures for the conservation of forests:
1. Sustainable Logging Practices: Implementing sustainable logging
practices such as selective logging and reduced-impact logging helps
minimize the negative impact on forest ecosystems. This involves
harvesting only mature trees, avoiding clear-cutting, and leaving enough
trees standing to maintain biodiversity and ecological balance. Additionally,
reforestation efforts should accompany logging activities to replenish
harvested areas and restore degraded forests.
2. Protected Area Management: Establishing and effectively managing
protected areas such as national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and forest
reserves is crucial for conserving forest ecosystems. These areas serve as
havens for biodiversity, providing habitat for endangered species and
preserving unique flora and fauna. Strict enforcement of regulations within
protected areas, including prohibitions on logging, hunting, and habitat
destruction, helps safeguard forests from human-induced threats and
ensures their long-term preservation.

OR

(B) Suggest any two measures for the conservation of wildlife.

Solu.
1. Habitat Protection: Preserving and restoring natural habitats to provide
wildlife with food, shelter, and breeding grounds.
2. Law Enforcement: Enforcing laws to prevent poaching, illegal trade, and
habitat destruction, along with imposing penalties for wildlife crimes.

Ques 23. Why is power sharing desirable ? Explain.

Solu. Power sharing is desirable for several reasons:

1. Promotion of Democracy: Power sharing ensures that no single

individual or group monopolizes power. Instead, it distributes power among
various stakeholders, such as different branches of government, political
parties, ethnic or religious groups, and civil society organizations. This
promotes democratic principles by preventing the concentration of power in
the hands of a few, thereby fostering political inclusion and participation.

2. Prevention of Tyranny: Power sharing acts as a check against tyranny

and authoritarianism. When power is shared, decision-making becomes
more transparent and accountable, reducing the likelihood of abuse of
power or violation of rights by those in authority. By dispersing power
horizontally and vertically, power sharing mechanisms such as separation
of powers, checks and balances, and decentralization help safeguard
against the arbitrary exercise of power.

3. Management of Diversity: In diverse societies characterized by

differences in ethnicity, religion, language, culture, or ideology, power
sharing facilitates the accommodation of diverse interests and
perspectives. By giving voice and representation to different groups, power
sharing mechanisms such as federalism, consociationalism, and
proportional representation help manage conflicts, promote social
cohesion, and prevent the marginalization of minority groups.

4. Promotion of Stability and Peace: Power sharing contributes to political

stability and peace by providing mechanisms for the peaceful resolution of
conflicts and grievances. By allowing for negotiation, compromise, and
consensus-building, power sharing helps address underlying tensions and
grievances, reducing the likelihood of violent conflict and promoting
peaceful coexistence among competing groups.

Overall, power sharing is desirable because it enhances democracy,

prevents tyranny, manages diversity, and promotes stability and peace in
societies characterized by pluralism and competing interests. By fostering
inclusive and participatory governance, power sharing contributes to the
realization of fundamental principles such as equality, justice, and respect
for human rights.

Ques 24. Differentiate between Public and Private Sector.

Solu. Public sector: Owned and controlled by the government, focuses on

providing essential services with accountability to taxpayers.
Private sector: Owned and controlled by individuals or corporations, driven
by profit motives and market demands, with accountability to shareholders.

Ques 25 (A) Describe any three causes that led to the

Non-Cooperation Movement.

Solu. The Non-Cooperation Movement was spurred by several factors:

1. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: The brutal massacre of hundreds of
unarmed Indian civilians by British troops in Jallianwala Bagh in 1919
deeply angered and radicalized the Indian population. This event fueled
widespread resentment and outrage against British colonial rule,
galvanizing support for the Non-Cooperation Movement as a means of
nonviolent resistance.
2. Khilafat Movement: The Khilafat Movement, launched by Indian Muslims
to protest against the dismantling of the Ottoman Caliphate by the Allied
powers after World War I, provided a significant impetus to the
Non-Cooperation Movement. Mahatma Gandhi, recognizing the potential
for Hindu-Muslim unity, allied with the Khilafat leaders and linked their
cause with the larger struggle for Indian independence. The alliance
between the Indian National Congress and the Khilafat Movement
significantly mobilized Muslim support for the Non-Cooperation Movement.
3. Rowlatt Act and Repressive Measures: The Rowlatt Act, passed by the
British colonial government in 1919, extended emergency wartime
provisions to suppress political dissent in India. This act authorized the
government to arrest and detain individuals without trial, leading to
widespread civil liberties violations and arbitrary arrests of Indian
nationalists. The draconian measures of the Rowlatt Act, coupled with other
repressive colonial policies, intensified Indian resentment and fueled
demands for self-rule and independence.

Ques 25 (B) Describe any three causes of 'Civil Disobedience

Movement

Solu. The Civil Disobedience Movement was fueled by several causes:

1. Failure of Round Table Conferences: The failure of the Round Table
Conferences, which were convened by the British government to discuss
constitutional reforms in India, disillusioned Indian nationalists. Despite
their participation, the conferences failed to address Indian demands for
self-rule and failed to produce meaningful reforms. This disappointment led
to increased agitation and a resurgence of the independence movement.
2. Impact of Great Depression: The onset of the Great Depression in the
1930s exacerbated socioeconomic hardships in India, particularly among
farmers, peasants, and laborers. Widespread unemployment, poverty, and
economic distress intensified grievances against British colonial rule and
fueled resentment towards British economic policies, including high
taxation and exploitative land revenue systems. The economic hardships
experienced by the Indian population provided fertile ground for mass
mobilization and resistance against British rule.
3. Salt Tax and Salt Satyagraha: The Salt Tax imposed by the British
colonial government was symbolic of British economic exploitation and
oppression in India. The Salt Satyagraha, led by Mahatma Gandhi, aimed
to challenge British salt laws and promote self-reliance and
self-governance among Indians. Gandhi's decision to march to the coastal
village of Dandi to produce salt from the sea in defiance of British laws
galvanized millions of Indians to join the Civil Disobedience Movement. The
Salt Satyagraha became a potent symbol of Indian resistance and sparked
widespread civil disobedience across the country, uniting people from
diverse backgrounds in the struggle for independence.

Ques 26. Manufacturing industries are considered the backbone of

economic development. Justify the statement.

Solu. Manufacturing industries are often regarded as the backbone of

economic development for several reasons:

1. Contribution to GDP: Manufacturing industries typically contribute

significantly to a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). By producing
goods for domestic consumption and export, manufacturing sectors
generate substantial revenue, thereby driving economic growth and
development.
2. Employment Generation: Manufacturing industries create employment
opportunities on a large scale, both directly and indirectly. These industries
require a diverse workforce with varying skill sets, ranging from production
workers to engineers and managers. The expansion of manufacturing
sectors leads to the creation of jobs across various sectors, including
agriculture, services, and logistics, thereby reducing unemployment and
poverty.
3. Technological Advancement: Manufacturing industries are often at the
forefront of technological innovation and development. Investments in
research and development (R&D) lead to the adoption of new technologies,
processes, and techniques, which enhance productivity, efficiency, and
competitiveness. Technological advancements in manufacturing contribute
to overall industrial growth and stimulate innovation in other sectors of the
economy.
4. Infrastructure Development: The growth of manufacturing industries
necessitates the development of physical infrastructure, such as roads,
railways, ports, and utilities. Infrastructure investments not only support the
expansion of manufacturing activities but also enhance connectivity,
logistics, and access to markets. Improved infrastructure contributes to
regional development, trade facilitation, and economic integration.
5. Multiplier Effect: Manufacturing industries have a significant multiplier
effect on the economy, stimulating growth in other sectors and generating
positive spillover effects. The expansion of manufacturing activities creates
demand for raw materials, intermediate goods, and services, benefiting
suppliers, distributors, retailers, and service providers along the value
chain. This multiplier effect amplifies the economic impact of manufacturing
industries and promotes inclusive growth.
6. Export Promotion: Manufacturing industries play a crucial role in
promoting exports and enhancing foreign exchange earnings.
Export-oriented manufacturing sectors, such as automotive, electronics,
textiles, and machinery, contribute to trade surpluses, improve balance of
payments, and strengthen the country's position in the global market. By
diversifying exports and reducing dependence on primary commodities,
manufacturing industries contribute to sustainable economic development.
Overall, the development of manufacturing industries fosters economic
diversification, innovation, job creation, infrastructure development, and
export promotion, making them essential drivers of economic development
and prosperity.

Ques 27. Analyse the role of political parties in a democracy.

Solu. Political parties play a crucial role in a democracy by performing

several key functions:
1. Representation: Political parties represent diverse interests, ideologies,
and viewpoints within society. They serve as vehicles for aggregating and
articulating the preferences and concerns of citizens, enabling them to
participate in the political process and have their voices heard. By offering a
platform for political engagement and representation, parties ensure that a
wide range of interests are represented in the decision-making process.
2. Formation of Government: In democratic systems, political parties
compete in elections to gain political power and form governments.
Through the electoral process, parties present their policy proposals,
leadership, and vision for governance to the electorate, who then choose
their representatives based on their preferences. The party or coalition that
wins a majority of seats in the legislature typically forms the government,
with its leader becoming the head of state or head of government.
3. Policy Formulation and Implementation: Political parties play a central
role in formulating and implementing public policies. Parties develop policy
platforms and agendas based on their ideologies, principles, and electoral
promises. Once in government, parties translate their policy priorities into
legislative proposals, executive actions, and budgetary allocations. Parties
also oversee the implementation of policies, monitor government
performance, and hold officials accountable for their actions.
4. Political Mobilization and Participation: Political parties mobilize citizens
and encourage political participation by engaging them in electoral
campaigns, rallies, protests, and other forms of political activism. Parties
seek to mobilize support for their candidates, platforms, and causes,
thereby promoting civic engagement and voter turnout. By mobilizing
citizens and fostering political awareness, parties contribute to the vibrancy
and vitality of democratic governance.
5. Accountability and Oversight: Political parties serve as mechanisms for
holding governments and public officials accountable for their actions.
Opposition parties scrutinize government policies, challenge decisions, and
hold the ruling party accountable for its performance. Through
parliamentary debates, inquiries, and oversight mechanisms, parties
ensure transparency, accountability, and checks and balances in the
exercise of political power.
6. Facilitation of Political Competition: Political parties facilitate political
competition and peaceful alternation of power in democratic societies. By
offering voters a choice between competing candidates and platforms,
parties ensure that political power is contested through free and fair
elections. Competitive party systems encourage parties to respond to the
needs and preferences of voters, promote policy innovation, and prevent
the consolidation of authoritarian rule.
Overall, political parties are essential institutions in democratic governance,
serving as channels for political representation, policy formulation, public
participation, accountability, and political competition. Their role in shaping
the functioning and outcomes of democratic systems underscores their
significance in advancing democratic values and principles.

Ques 28. How is credit essential for economic activities ? Explain

with examples.

Solu. Credit is essential for economic activities because it:

1. Facilitates investment in productive assets like machinery and
infrastructure, stimulating economic growth.
2. Enables entrepreneurship and innovation by providing funding for
startups and new ventures.
3. Stimulates consumption by allowing consumers to access goods and
services through loans or credit cards.
4. Supports government spending on public projects and social programs,
contributing to economic development and welfare.
In essence, credit lubricates economic activities by providing individuals,
businesses, and governments with the financial resources needed to
invest, consume, and grow, thus fueling economic growth and prosperity.

Ques 29. How is the issue of sustainability important for

development? Explain.

Solu. Sustainability is vital for development because it:

1. Protects the environment by balancing economic growth with
conservation.
2. Promotes social equity by ensuring fair distribution of benefits.
3. Enhances economic resilience through innovation and diversification.
4. Requires global cooperation to address common challenges like climate
change.
In essence, sustainability ensures that development meets present needs
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs, fostering a more equitable, resilient, and prosperous world.

Ques 30. (A) How did the ideology of 'liberalism' affect the Europe in
early nineteenth century? Explain
Solu. The ideology of liberalism had a profound impact on early
nineteenth-century Europe:
1. Political Reforms: Inspired by Enlightenment ideals, liberalism led to
movements for constitutionalism, representative government, and the rule
of law, resulting in the overthrow of monarchies and the establishment of
constitutional monarchies or republics.
2. Expansion of Civil Liberties: Liberalism promoted civil liberties such as
freedom of speech, press, assembly, and religion, fostering a more open
and inclusive society.
3. Economic Liberalization: Liberal economic policies advocated for
free-market capitalism, leading to deregulation, free trade, and the rise of
industrialization and economic prosperity.
4. Nationalism: Liberalism contributed to the rise of nationalism and the
concept of self-determination, fueling movements for national unity,
sovereignty, and independence.
In essence, liberalism brought about significant political, social, and
economic transformations in Europe, shaping the modern democratic
nations we see today.

Or

Ques 30 (B) Explain the process of formation of 'United Kingdom of

Great Britain'.

Solu. The United Kingdom of Great Britain formed through:

1. Union of England and Scotland (1707): The Acts of Union merged
England and Scotland.
2. Union with Ireland (1801): The Act of Union combined Great Britain and
Ireland.
3. Partition of Ireland (1920): Ireland was split into Northern Ireland and
Southern Ireland.
4. Renaming (1927): It became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland after Southern Ireland's independence.
Ques 31. (A) How is energy a basic requirement for economic
development ? Explain.

Solu. Energy is crucial for economic development because it:

1. Powers industries, transportation, and infrastructure.
2. Facilitates trade, connectivity, and market access.
3. Supports agriculture, food production, and innovation.
4. Enhances quality of life through access to essential services.
Overall, energy access drives productivity, innovation, and economic
growth, making it indispensable for sustainable development.

OR
(B) How are conventional sources of energy different from non-
conventional sources ? Explain.

Solu. Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy differ in their

origin, availability, and environmental impact:
1. Origin: Conventional sources come from fossil fuels like coal and oil,
while non-conventional sources come from renewable resources like
sunlight and wind.
2. Availability: Conventional sources are finite and non-renewable, while
non-conventional sources are abundant and renewable.
3. Environmental Impact: Conventional sources have significant
environmental impacts such as pollution and greenhouse gas emissions,
whereas non-conventional sources are generally cleaner and have lower
environmental footprints.

Ques 32 (A) How are democratic governments better than other forms
of government? Explain.

Solu. Democratic governments offer several advantages over other forms

of government:
1. Representation and Participation: Citizens have a say in decision-making
through free and fair elections, ensuring that government reflects the will of
the people.
2. Protection of Rights: Democracies uphold fundamental rights and
freedoms, ensuring equality and justice for all citizens.
3. Political Stability: Peaceful transitions of power and checks and balances
prevent political violence and authoritarianism.
4. Innovation and Adaptability: Open political systems foster innovation,
creativity, and the ability to respond to change effectively.
5. Accountability and Transparency: Democratic governments prioritize
accountability and transparency, ensuring public officials are held
accountable for their actions.

OR

(B) How do democracies lead to peaceful and harmonious life among

citizens ? Explain.

Solu. Democracies lead to peaceful and harmonious lives among citizens

by:
1. Upholding the rule of law and protecting rights equally.
2. Fostering tolerance and acceptance of diversity.
3. Allowing citizen participation in decision-making.
4. Providing mechanisms for peaceful conflict resolution.
5. Promoting social cohesion and solidarity.
6. Supporting a free media and civil society for accountability and
transparency.

Ques 33. (A) "Globalisation is the process of rapid integration or

interconnection between countries." Explain the statement with
examples.

Solu. Globalization is the rapid integration of countries across various

domains:
1. Economic Integration: Companies operate globally, like Apple sourcing
components globally.
2. Financial Integration: Investors trade globally, seen during the 2008
financial crisis.
3. Cultural Exchange: Western culture, like Hollywood movies, influences
global cultures.

OR

(B) 'Improvement in technology has stimulated the globalisation

process. Explain the statement with examples.

Solu. Technological advancements have greatly fueled globalization:

1. Communication: Platforms like Skype enable instant global
communication.
2. Transportation: Container shipping and air travel have made global
movement easier.
3. Access to Information: The internet provides universal access to
knowledge.
4. Global Supply Chains: Technology connects producers and consumers
worldwide, facilitating global trade.

Ques 34. Read the following source carefully and answer the
questions that follow :
Printed Words
This is how Mercier describes the impact of the printed word, and the
power of reading in one of his books:
'Anyone who had seen me reading would have compared me to a man
dying of thirst who was gulping down some fresh, pure water....
Lighting my lamp with extraordinary caution, I threw myself hungrily
into the reading. An easy eloquence, effortless and animated, carried
me from one page to the next without my noticing it. A clock struck
off the hours in the silence of the shadows, and I heard nothing. My
lamp began to run out of oil and produced only a pale light, but still I
read on. I could not even take out time to raise the wick for fear of
interrupting my pleasure. How those new ideas rushed into my brain!
How my intelligence adopted them!"
34.1 How does the passage reflect the immersive nature of reading of
Mercier ?
Solu. The passage reflects the immersive nature of Mercier's reading
experience in several ways. Firstly, he describes himself as being so
absorbed in the act of reading that he is oblivious to his surroundings,
likening his thirst for reading to that of a man dying of thirst drinking fresh
water. Secondly, he is so engrossed in the material that he does not notice
the passage of time or the diminishing light from his lamp. Finally, he
describes the effortless flow of ideas and the rapid adoption of new
concepts into his intellect, indicating a deep and intense engagement with
the text.

34.2 Why did Mercier describe himself as a virtual writer?

Solu. Mercier describes himself as a virtual writer because he becomes so

deeply engrossed in the act of reading that he feels as though he is living
vicariously through the author's words. He is able to mentally inhabit the
world created by the text to such an extent that he feels as though he is
experiencing the thoughts and emotions of the characters as if he were
writing their story himself.

34.3 How did reading influence Mercier's intellectual capacity and his
engagement with new concepts ? Explain in any two points.

Solu. Reading influences Mercier's intellectual capacity and engagement

with new concepts in two main ways. Firstly, it stimulates his intellect and
broadens his understanding of the world by exposing him to new ideas and
perspectives. He describes how reading fills his brain with new ideas and
stimulates his intelligence, indicating that it enhances his cognitive abilities
and critical thinking skills. Secondly, it deepens his engagement with the
material and fosters a sense of intellectual curiosity and exploration. He
describes how he eagerly devours the text, unable to tear himself away
from it even as his lamp begins to run out of oil, demonstrating a
passionate pursuit of knowledge and understanding.