INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING & RECORDING TRANSACTIONS

1. Which of the items in the following list are liabilities and which of them are assets?
a. Motor vehicle d. Bank over draft
b. Amounts owed to us by customers e. Inventory of goods held for sale
c. Land f. Amounts owed by us to supplies

2. Classify the following items into liabilities and assets

a. Computers f. Cash at bank
b. Buildings g. Bank overdraft
c. Accounts payable h. Loan from bank
d. Inventory i. Vans
e. Accounts receivable k. Equipment

3. State which of the following are wrongly classified

Assets Liabilities
Loan from K. Jones Delivery van
Bank overdraft Accounts payable
Accounts receivable Computer equipment
Warehouse Machinery
Office furniture Cash in hand

4. Which of the following are shown under the wrong heading?

Assets Liabilities
Cash at bank Bank overdraft
Fixtures and fittings Equipment
Accounts payable Computers
Premises Loan from building society
Inventory Transportable market stall
Accounts receivable Cheque
Capital Motor vehicle

5. J. Noakes is setting up a new business. Before selling anything, he bought a van for $8,750; a
transportable market stall for $2,400; a computer for $490; and an inventory of goods for $12,300.
He did not pay in full for his inventory of goods and still owes $8,200 for them. He borrowed
$3,000 from L. Fox. After the events just described, and before trading starts, he has $200 cash in
hand and $1,440 in the bank.
Calculate the amount of his capital?

6. R. Hill is starting a business. Before starting to sell anything, he bought fixtures for $3,200, a
van for $4,750 and inventoy of goods for $2,340. Althought he has paid in full for the fixtures and
the van, he still owes $1,910 for some of the inventory. P. Harding lent him $5,000. After the above,
Hill has $520 in the business bank account and $100 cash in hand.
You are required to canculate his capital?
7. Draw up E. McNiven's balance sheet from the following information as at 31 December
20XX
$
Capital 40,000
Accounts receivable 11,380
Motor vehicle 9,250
Accounts payable 14,700
Equipment 17,890
Inventory 15,260
Cash at bank 920
8. Draw up G. Cook's balance sheet as at 30 June 20XX from the following items
$
Capital 17,460
Equipment 9,720
Accounts payable 8,380
Inventory 6,430
Accounts receivable 9,280
Cash at bank 410

9. T. Ross has the following items in his balance sheet on 30 April 20XX:
Capital $29,800; Accounts payable $10,200; Fixtures $18,600; Motor vehicle $8,200; Inventory
3,900; Accounts receivable $7,600; Cash at bank $1,550; Cash in hand $150.
During the first week of May 20XX:
a. He bought extra inventory for $850 on time.
b. One of the debtors paid him $500 by cheque.
c. He bought a computer by cheque $690.
You are asked to draw up a balance sheet as at 7 May 20XX after the above transactions have been
completed.

10. J. Hill has the following assets and liabilities on 30 November 20XX:
Accounts payable $2,800; Equipment $6,200; Motor vehicle $7,300; Inventory 8,100; Accounts
receivable $4,050; Cash at bank $9,100; Cash in hand $195.
You are not given the capital amount at that date.
During the first week of December 20XX:
a. Hill bought extra equipment on time for $110.
b. Hill bought extra inventory by cheque $380.
c. Hill paid creditors by cheque $1,150.
d. Debtors paid Hill $640 by cheque and $90 by cash.
e. Hill put extra $1,500 into the business, $1,300 by cheque and $200 in cash.
You are to draw up a balance sheet as at 7 December 20XX after the above transactions have been
completed.
11. Complete the following table
Account Account
to be to be
debited credited
a. Bought laptop computer on time from Timeless Ltd.
b. The proprietor paid a creditor, B. Burt, from his private funds.
c. A debtor, T. Robb, paid us by cheque.
d. Repaid part of loan from I. Simms in cash.
e. Returned the computer to Timeless Ltd.
f. A debtor, P. Bell, pays us by cheque.
g. Bought van on time from Tangle Motors.

12. Complete the following table

Account Account
to be to be
debited credited
a. Bought trailer for cash.
b. Paid creditor, J. Tought, by cheque.
c. Repaid W. Small's loan by cash.
d. Sold trailer for cash.
e. Bought office equipment on time from Dexter Ltd. It will be paid later.
f. A debtor, T. Walls, pays us by cash.
g. A debtor, L. Tait, pays us by cheque.
h. Proprietor puts a further amount into the business by cheque.
i. A loan of $650 in cash is received from F. Burns.
j. Paid a creditor, J. Fife, by cash.

13. Write up the asset, liability and capital accounts to record the following transactions in
the records of B. Spector's business
July 1 Started business by putting $15,000 of his own money into a business bank account.
2 Bought office funiture by Internet transfer from bank account $2,800.
3 Bought computer equipment $1,260 on time from TVC Ltd.
5 Bought a car paying by cheque $4,950.
8 Sold some of the office funiture – original cost $750 – for $750 on time to Jevons &
Co.
15 Paid the amount owing to TVC Ltd $1,260 by Internet transfer from bank account.
23 Received the amount due from Jevons & Co $750 by cheque.
31 Bought machinery using the business's debit card $710.
14. You are required to open the asset and liability and capital accounts and record the
following transactions for June in the records of P. Bernard
June 1 Started business with $17,500 in cash.
2 Paid &9.400 of the opening cash into a bank account for the business.
5 Bought office funiture on time from Dream Ltd for $2,100.
8 Bought a van paying by Internet transfer from bank account $5,250.
12 Bought equipment from Pearce & Sons on time $2,300.
18 Returned faulty office funiture costing $260 to Dream Ltd.
25 Sold some of the equipment for $200 cash (its orginal cost).
26 Paid amount owing to Dream Ltd $1,840 by Internet transfer from bank account.
28 Took $130 out of the bank and added to cash.
30 F. Brown lent us $4,000 0 sending us the money by Internet transfer.

15. Write up the asset, liability and capital accounts to record the following transactions in
the records of B. Spector's business
June 1 Started business with $16,000 in the bank.
2 Bought van paying by cheque $6,400.
5 Bought office fixtures $900 on time from Old Ltd.
8 Bought van on time from Carton Cars Ltd $7,100.
12 Took $180 out of the bank and put it into the cash till
15 Bought office fixtures paying by cash.
19 Paid Carton Cars Ltd by Internet transfer from bank account.
21 A loan of $500 cash is received from B. Berry.
25 Paid $400 of the cash in hand into the bank account.
30 Bought more office fixtures paying with the business debit card $480.

16. Write up the accounts to record the following transactions

May 1 Started business with $1,500 cash and $18,000 in the bank.
2 Received a loan of $4,000 from T. Fox by cheque.
3 Bought a computer for cash $1,200.
5 Bought display stands on time from Drop Ltd $840.
8 Took $400 out of the bank and put it in the cash till.
15 Repaid part of Fox's loan using the business debit card $1,000.
17 Paid amount owing to Drop Ltd $840 by Internet transfer from bank account.
24 Repaid part of Fox's loan by cash $500.
31 Bought a colour laser printer on time from P. Blake for $400.
17. Complete the following table
Account Account
to be to be
debited credited
a. Goods sold for cash.
b. Vehicles bought on time from F. Smith.
c. Computer sold for cash.
d. Goods sold on time to J. Lilly.
e. Goods purchased by us returned to supplier, M. Peel.
f. Goods bought on time from F. Day.
g. Goods sold, a cheque being received immediately.
h. Goods we returned to W. Brown.
i. Goods sold returned to us by custommer, I. Gray.
j. Goods bought on time from T. Gow.

18. Complete the following table for a business that buys and sells cleaning products
Account Account
to be to be
debited credited
a. Goods bought on time from B. Cowan.
b. Goods returned to us by L. Keith.
c. Filing cabinets returned to C. Riddle Ltd.
d. Goods bought for cash.
e. Lorry bought on time from M. Davis Ltd.
f. Goods returned by us to J. Hicks.
g. N. Peters paid us his account by cheque.
h. Goods bought by cheque.
i. We paid creditor, F. Toms, by cheque.
j. Goods sold on time to S. Mulligan.

19. You are to write up the following in the books

July 1 Started in business with $3,800 cash.
3 Bought goods for cash $480.
7 Bought goods on time $1,200 from J. Gill.
10 Sold goods for cash $172.
14 Returned goods to J. Gill $240.
18 Bought goods on time $1,460 from F. Genesis.
21 Return goods to F. Genesis $104.
24 Sold goods to A. Prince $292 on time.
25 Paid J. Gill's account by cash $960.
31 A. Prince paid us his account in cash $292.
20. Enter the following transactions in the appropriate accounts
Aug 1 Started in business with $7,400 cash.
2 Paid $7,000 of opening cash into the bank.
4 Bought goods on time $410 from Watson.
5 Bought a van by cheque $4,920.
7 Bought goods for cash $362.
10 Sold goods on time $218 to L. Less.
12 Return goods to J. Watson $42.
19 Sold goods for cash $54.
22 Bought fixtures on time from Firelighters Ltd $820.
24 F. Holmes lent us $1,500 paying us the money by cheque.
29 We paid J. Watson his account by cheque $368.
31 We paid Firelighters Ltd by cheque $820.

21. Enter the following transactions in the accounts of L. Linda

July 1 Started in business with $20,000 in the bank.
2 D. Rupert lent us $5,000 in cash.
3 Bought goods on time from B. Brown $1,530 and I. Jess $4,162.
4 Sold goods for cash $1,910.
6 Took $200 of the cash and paid it into the bank.
8 Sold goods on time to H. Rise $1,530.
10 Sold goods on time to P. Taylor $341.
11 Bought goods on time from B. Brown $560.
12 H. Rise return goods to us $65.
14 Sold goods on time to G. Farm $535 and R. Sim $262.
15 We returned goods to B. Brown $94.
17 Bought van on time from Aberdeen Cars Ltd $9,100.
18 Bought office funiture on time from J. Winter Ltd $1,800.
19 We returned goods to I. Jess $130.
20 Bought goods for cash $770.
24 Goods sold for cash $110.
25 Paid money owing to B. Brown by cheque $1,924.
26 Goods return to us by G. Farm $34.
27 Return some of office funiture costing $180 to J. Winter Ltd.
28 L. Linda put a further $2,500 into the business in the form of cash.
29 Paid Aberdeen Cars Ltd $9,100 by cheque.
31 Bought office funiture for cash $365.
22. Enter the following transactions in the accounts
May 1 Started in business with $18,000 in the bank.
2 Bought goods on time from B. Hind $1,455.
3 Bought goods on time from G. Smart $472.
5 Sold goods for cash $210.
6 We returned goods to B. Hind $82.
8 Bought goods on time from G. Smart $370.
10 Sold goods on time to P. Syme $483.
12 Sold goods for cash $305.
18 Took $250 of the cash and paid it into the bank.
21 Bought a printer by cheque $620.
22 Sold goods on time to H. Buchan $394.
23 P. Syme returned goods to us $160.
25 H. Buchan returned goods to us $18.
28 We returned goods to G. Smart $47.
29 We paid B. Hind bay cheque $1,373.
31 Bought machinery on time from A. Cobb $419.

23. Write up a two-column cash book for a bedroom furniture shop from the following details,
and balance it off as at the end of the month
20X9 1 Started business with capital in cash $12,000.
July 2 Paid rent by cash $1,200.
3 G.Broad lent us $14,400, paid by cheque.
4 We paid J.Fine by cheque $2,160.
5 Cash sale 960.
7 F.Love paid us by cheque $240.
9 We paid A.Moore in cash $360.
11 Cash sale paid direct into the bank $720.
15 P.Hood paid us in cash $840.
16 We took $4,800 out of the cash till and paid it into the bank account.
19 We repaid R.Onions $2,400 by cheque.
22 Cash sale paid direct into the bank $1,440.
26 Paid motor expenses by cheque $552.
30 Withdrew $384 cash from the bank the business use.
31 Paid wage in cash $1,680.

24. Write up a two-column cash book for a second-hand bookshop from the following
20X9 1 Balance brought forward from last month: Cash $590; Bank $8,480.
Nov 2 Cash sale $620.
3 Took $400 out of the cash till and paid it into the bank.
4 F.Bell paid us by cheque $388.
5 We paid for postage stamps in cash $160.
6 Bought office equipment by cheque $620.
7 We paid L.Root by cheque $188.
9 Received business rates refund by cheque $230.
11 Withdrew $300 from the bank for the business use.
12 Paid wage in cash $800.
13 Cash sale $860.
 14 Paid motor expenses by cheque $162.
16 J.Bull lent us $3,000 in cash.
20 K.Brown paid us by cheque $348.
28 We paid general expenses in cash $70.
30 Paid insurance by cheque $640.

25. Open a three-culumn cash book

20X9 1 Balance brought forward from April.
May - Cash balance: $29
- Bank balance: $654
- Account Receivable:
+ B. King 120
+ N. Campbell 280
+ D. Shand 40
- Account Payable:
+ U. Barrow 60
+ A. Allen 440
+ R. Long 100
2 B. King pays us by cheque, having deducted 2 ½ per cent cash discount $3: $117.
8 We pay R. Long his account by cheque, deducting 5 per cent cash discount $5: $95.
11 We withdrew $100 cash from the bank for business use.
16 N. Campbell pays us his account by cheque, deducting 2 ½ per cent cash discount $7:
$273.
25 We paid office expenses in cash: $92.
28 D. Shand pays us in cash after having deducted 5 per cent cash discount: $38.
29 We pay U. Barrow by cheque less 5 per cent cash discount: $3: $57.
30 We pay A. Allen by cheque less 2 ½ per cent cash discount $11: $429.

26. A three-column cash book for a wine wholesaler is to be written up from the following
details, balanced-off, and the relevant discount accounts in general ledger shown
20X9 1 Balances brought forward: Cash $1,860; Bank $21,426.
Mar 2 The following paid their accounts by cheque, in each case deducting 5 per cent cash
discounts: G. Slick $780; P. Fish $960; T. Old $1,260 (all amounts are pre-discount).
4 Paid rent by cheque $1,290.
6 F.Black lent us $15,000 paying by cheque.
8 We paid the following accounts by cheque in each case deducting a 2 ½ per cent cash
discount: R. White $2,160; G. Green $2,880; L. Flip $4,800 (all amounts are pre-
discount).
10 Paid motor expenses in cash $243.
12 J. Pie pays his account of $270, by cheque $264, deducting $6 cash discount.
15 Paid wage in cash $1,740.
18 The following paid their accounts by cheque, in each case deducting 5 per cent cash
discount: A. Pony $1,620; B. Line & Son $2,100; T. Owen $1,560 (all amounts are
pre-discount).
21 Cash withdrawn fronm the bank $1,200 for business use.
24 Cash drawings $600.
25 Paid W. Peat his account of $480, by cash $465, having deducted $15 cash discount.
29 Bought fixtures paing by cheque $2,160.
31 Received commission by cheque $360.
27. At 1 September the financial position of Sara Young's business was
$
Cash in hand 3,200
Balance at bank 3,600
Account receivable: AB 800
CD 2,000
EF 1,200
Inventory 4,000
Accounts payable: GH 2,400
IK 5,600
During September:
1. The three debtors settled their accounts by cheque subject to a cash discount of 4 per cent.
2. A cheque for $400 was cashed for office use.
3. The amount owing to GH was paid by cheque less 7.5 per cent cash discount.
4. IK's account was settled, subject to a discount of 5 per cent, by cheque.
5. Wages of $520 were paid in cash.
Required:
a. Open a three-culumn cash book and the accounts for for receivable and accounts payable at
1 September.
b. Record the above transactions for September in the accounts you opened in a.