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    Practical Chemistry

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    sara bajaj

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    Practical Chemistry

    Uploaded by

    sara bajaj
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    Practical chemistry

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    10 views5 pages

    Practical Chemistry

    Uploaded by

    sara bajaj

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY

    Identification of cations using sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide

    Cations Action of NaOH Action of NH4OH


    2+ Blue ppt. Insoluble in Blue ppt. Dissolves in
    Cu
    excess excess NH4OH to give
    deep blue solution
    2+ Green ppt. Insoluble in Green ppt. Insoluble in
    Fe
    excess excess
    3+ Reddish brown ppt. Reddish brown ppt.
    Fe
    Insoluble in excess Insoluble in excess
    2+ Gelatinous white ppt. Gelatinous white ppt.
    Zn
    dissolves in excess Dissolves in excess
    NaOH to give NH4OH to give
    colourless solution colourless solution
    2+ Chalky white ppt. Chalky white ppt.
    Pb
    dissolves in excess Insoluble in excess
    NaOH to give ammonium hydroxide
    colourless solution.
    2+ White ppt. Insoluble in No ppt.
    Ca
    excess NaOH

    Few examples of double decomposition precipitation reactions

    FeSO4 + 2NaOH → Fe(OH)2 ↓+ Na2SO4


    ZnSO4 + 2NH4OH →Zn(OH)2 ↓+ (NH4)2SO4
    CaCl2 + 2NaOH →Ca(OH)2 ↓ + 2NaCl
    PbSO4 + 2NH4OH →Pb(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4

    Flame test - A small amount of salt is taken in a watch glass.Add few drops of
    Con.HCl and make a paste using Metal or Platinum wire.Tale a small amount
    of the paste in the wire and show it to the bunsen burner.

    Sodium ions - Golden yellow

    Potassium ions - Lilac

    Calcium ions - Brick red

    Copper ions - Blue or green

    Test for gases


    1. Test for H 2 gas

    Metal + dil. Acid → Salt + Hydrogen gas

    Colourless, odourless gas giving bubbles and pop sound when a burning
    splinter is introduced.

    2. Test for O 2 gas


    2 H2O2 → 2H2O + O2
    Colourless, odourless gas giving bubbles and rekindles or relights a glowing
    splinter.

    3. Test for NH 3 gas

    NH4Cl + NaOH →NaCl + H2O + NH3

    Colourless, pungent smelling gas producing dense white fumes when a glass
    rod dipped in con.HCl is introduced.

    4. Test for HCl gas

    H2 + Cl2→ 2HCl
    Colorless gas with a pungent odour producing dense white fumes when a glass
    rod dipped in con.NH3 is introduced.

    5. Test for Cl 2
    Greenish yellow gas with a pungent smell and turns moist starch iodide paper
    into blue-black.

    6. Test for CO 2

    CaCO3 + 2HCl→ CaCl2 + H2O + CO2


    Colorless odourless gas with brisk effervescence and turns limewater milky.
    The gas has no effect on potassium permanganate solution or potassium
    dichromate solution.
    7. Test for SO 2

    MgSO3 + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2O + SO2

    Colourless gas with suffocating odour,turns limewater milky.The gas


    decolourises potassium permanganate solution and potassium dichromate
    solution colour changes from orange to green.

    8. Test for NO 2
    2Pb(NO3)2 → 2PbO + 4NO2 + O2

    Reddish brown gas with irritating odour and turns moist potassium iodide
    paper into brown.

    9. Test for H 2S
    Colourless gas with a pungent smell and turns moist lead acetate paper into
    silvery black.

    10. Test for water vapour

    Turns white anhydrous copper sulphate into blue hydrated copper sulphate
    and turns blue anhydrous cobalt chloride into pink hydrated cobalt chloride.

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