TABLE OF CONTENT

INTRODUCTION 1
BUSINESS CONCEPT 2
FEASIBILITY RESEARCH 2
INDUSTRY ATTRACTIVENESS 2
Global Chitosan Market, By Region: 2
Types of products: 3
Users of our products: 5
Key insights: 7
TECHNOLOGICAL FEASIBILITY 7
LEGAL FEASIBILITY 9
PRODUCTION FEASIBILITY 10
Our Innovation: 10
Plan to run: 10
Plan for Large-Scale Waste Management: 10
Plan for IOT Development: 11
Production Cycle: 11
Extraction of chitin: 11
The reason to use black soldier fly: 12
The reason to use shrimp shells: 13
EQUIPMENT AND MACHINERIES 14
ORGANIZATIONAL FEASIBILITY 16
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Introduction
The startup focuses on serving the community by upcycling organic waste to produce organic,
toxin-free food and livestock, animal feed, clean water and help create a self-sustaining circular
economy for agriculture businesses and farmers. We aim to do so by using black soldier fly
(BSF) farms to process organic waste. The business envisions setting up an IOT based BSF farm
with a total annual production capacity of 500 tons (approx.) of high-protein BSF feed, 200 tons
(approx.) of preservatives and 2 tons (approx.) of water purifier. The new proposed enterprise
uses the natural biological process of ensuring waste reduction by feeding the organic food waste
collected from restaurants, event management and catering industries to black soldier flies (BSF)
and putting an upcycling motion to produce products like organic feed, organic preservatives and
organic water purifying chemicals.
Currently, industrial incinerators are used to manage organic waste. These release harmful
pollutants in the air and have a detrimental impact on both public health and the environment.
The alternative we offer is one that not only addresses these two issues but also promotes the
development of a circular economy. The biotechnology used in the BSF farms and in
manufacturing these organic products create a large number of jobs for people below and above
the line of poverty. Furthermore, the waste from the BSF’s lifecycle contains high levels of a
biopolymer called Chitin (produced from the cocoons, sheddings from molting and dead insects)
which will be processed into Chitosan and its derivatives.
The business model chosen by the organization is to enter the market and take advantage of the
gap in the demand and supply. To do this, the organization needs to make an investment USD
200,000 which will partially be financed by a bank loan as well as equity investment by venture
capitalists as well as the owners. Since the company is a start-up organization it will have to
make a position for itself by first passing all the regulatory approvals such as those by the RJSC
to set up a company in the country environmental rules and other regulatory/legal procedures. At
the same time, since the company is entering an existing industry in the country, it will have to
ensure it has marketing and a strong distribution network to ensure profitability. As the
organization is well versed with the regulatory approvals needed as well as has a strong team
leading the marketing aspect of the business the company will not face barriers of entry into the
industry.
To make this business model and conduct a feasibility study for the organization, a deductive
approach has been used via research questions and surveys from the key players in the
Bangladesh Paper Industry. A substantial amount of qualitative as well as quantitative research
has been conducted to take into account the present waste management scenario in Bangladesh.
The main mode of data collection is based on secondary research in the form of information
available in the Bangladesh Chamber of Commerce, World Bank data, OECD data as well as
primary research in the form of surveys and questionnaires aimed at banks which provide loans
to such manufacturers.
Additionally, the company has taken into account the existing nature of the market, the technical
aspects as well as the present competition to assess the feasibility of the project.

Business Concept
The proposed industrial venture is a Private Limited Company which has been incorporated with
the registrar of the Registrar of Joint Stock Companies (RJSC), Govt. of the People’s Republic of
Bangladesh under the name “Global Insectech Limited” and has been formed by financially
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sound Bangladeshi sponsors/directors who have diversified experiences in industrial

management and national and international business activities. The organization aims to set up a
high-quality feed, organic chemicals manufacturing plant to compete with the imports of such
fundamental goods in to the country at an Estimated Project cost of BDT 240 million USD,
which will be financed using equity injection by the sponsor/directors and venture capitalists if
possible.
The target market of the Insectech will be the users of such papers for example to run self
automized agricultural production of livestock and domestic animals as source of protein using
our feed supply and our agricultural chemicals such as agro organic preservatives for agro food
processing industries and organic water purifying chemical to the ETP logistics supply industry
and to other industries like cosmetics, bio-technology and bio-plastic industries, etc.
At present, the demand for feed, agro preservatives, water purifying agent/chemiccal in
Bangladesh is a lot higher than the current supply. The surging demand is an opportunity that
can be an advantage for the organization because of the gap in between the demand and the local
supply of such goods.

Feasibility Research

Industry Attractiveness
Global Chitosan Market, By Region:
Asia-Pacific accounted for the highest chitosan market share, owing to easy availability of
crustacean waste in coastal areas. Moreover, crustaceans are produced and consumed in China,
Japan, and Thailand in large quantities, which makes crustacean shell waste readily available in
this region. North America is expected to witness significant growth, owing to increase in
adoption of chitosan-based biomedical and pharmaceutical products, including bandages and
weight loss supplements. The water treatment segment accounted for the highest revenue share
in 2019, owing to growing application of chitosan as coagulant in waste water treatment
processes due to its biodegradable nature and effectiveness in removing toxic materials.
Realizing the unique features and a wide range of potential applications of chitin, various
international projects have been initiated in past decade in coordination with commercial sector
to further explore the capabilities of chitin to dominate on industrial scale. This section
summarizes some of the key projects initiated in this direction such as CHITOCLEAN, n-
CHITOPACK and BIOMIMETIC project.

CHITOCLEAN

The CHITOCLEAN project coordinated by Austria was initiated for purification of polluted
drinking waters by employing the holistic approach of water treatment based on chitin-based
biosorbents which are known for their excellent absorption capabilities. The project
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demonstrated the power of chitin-based materials to remove the low-concentration pollutants. In

this project, the water filters were created by employing shrimp and crab carcasses for domestic-
scale applications as well as large-scale applications. The project partners also investigated
regeneration and recycling of chitin-based materials to enhance the working life of the filters. In
addition, the effect of these filters on mineral contents of water was also investigated along with
the methods of disposing the old filter material. New chitin-based biosorbents were found to
show more adsorption properties in comparison to old original chitin-based materials,
specifically for fluorides and nitrates.

n-CHITOPACK

The n-CHITOPACK project coordinated by Mavi, Italy was initiated with the objective of
developing new chitin-based food packaging material by utilizing chitin nanofibrils with other
natural polymers. The projects targets towards finding the materials having bacteriostatic
properties, 100% biodegradability, comparable mechanical properties with existing packaging
materials. The strategy employed by Mavi was focused on developing new industrial
applications of patented chitin nanofibrils raw materials for preparing biodegradable food
packaging which were earlier limited to cosmetic products and medical devices. The project
analyzed user’s requirement through survey as well as analysis of market. The scientific analysis
of chitin nanofibrils revealed the efficacy of chitin naofibrils for food packaging as well as
safety.

Biomimetic

The project was initiated in 2012 and coordinated by Procter & Gamble, Italy. The project tried
to mimic the enzymatic processes utilized by marine organism to develop bio-mimetic products.
For example, the ability of mussels of showing strong surface adhesion in aqueous environment
can be employed by conjugating the biomass-based precursors with chitin nanofibrils to develop
biobased detergents, cosmetic products, etc.

Types of products:
● Bio-Feed - Low cost, high protein, organic, toxin free, weight ratio of animals is better

Insect farming is among the most efficient methods of protein production around the globe. We aim to
introduce the revolution of insect agriculture to the globe, stop the overexploitation of oceans and land,
and, ultimately, contribute to the development of humanity. The insect protein we offer is sustainable,
natural, protein-rich animal feed. It’s packed with essential amino acids and digestible proteins, ideal for
pets with hypoallergenic diets. Feed is an eco-friendly, natural substitute for fishmeal and soy. The other
benefits of Bio-feed’s meal include an increase in the immune system and better gut health of animals.
The insect protein we offer is naturally produced high-protein animal feed. It’s packed with essential
amino acids and digestible proteins, ideal for a pet with a hypoallergenic diet. Feed is an eco-friendly,
natural substitute for fishmeal and soy. Other benefits of Bio-Feed include an increase in the immune
system and improved health of the animal gut. This insect-based protein product is a sustainable, natural,
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protein-rich animal feed. It’s full of essential amino acids, digestible proteins. It is suitable for pets with
hypoallergenic diets. Feed is an eco-friendly, natural substitute for fishmeal and soy. The other benefits
of Bio-feed’s meal include the increase in immune defenses and improved animal gut health. They’re
Packed Full of Energy as larvae, and the black soldier flies to eat, consume food, and they’ll keep on
going until they reach the pupal stage and then emerge as flying flies. They do this since they’re
preparing themselves to be ready for the last stage of their lives. In reality, they consume twice their
weight each day, increasing their size at a high-speed rate. When they turn into flies, they’re not likely to
retake a bite. In the end, they’re not even equipped with functioning mouths. They live for just several
days as they reproduce, then they die.
Why is this important to you?
Since when you eat the larvae, you’re reaping the benefits of all the energy. It is possible to take
advantage of this and change your diet to obtain energy from a sustainable and clean source, such as the
black soldier fly.
o They’re a clean source of food
When an animal is used for human consumption, the animals must be well-groomed. This applies both
before and after harvesting to make meat. When you’re using the usual meats processing, this is a
massive task that takes lots of time and money, and effort in processing plants. It’s an excellent, clean
product. However, you’ll pay higher prices for it. Black soldier flies, are much easier to keep at a food-
grade that is palatable to humans. As previously mentioned, the digestive processes of their stomachs
destroy any bacteria they come across in their food, their garbage is clean. It’s much simpler to locate an
organic food source in these places.

o They reproduce at much higher rates

If you compare the fly of black soldiers with cows, you’ll discover the value of the fly. A cow can
generally give the birth of one animal at one time, though there are instances where they could have two,
or perhaps three. However, it is considered a historic occasion, and you’d be fortunate to see it. Take a
look at the insect known as the black soldier. Most of the time, the fly will lay as many as 500
eggs quickly in one sitting. This is a significant leap in production. Do not forget that the lifespan cycle
is considerably shorter than that of animal livestock, so you will get more significant quantities of
products arriving often.

● Bio-Spray – Organic, thin film antimicrobial protection, naturally antimicrobial, low cost, easy
to use, effective in small amounts, can be used in excess without harm or less regulatory
Chitosan’s cationic chemical structure allows it to bind directly with the outer cell membranes of
microorganisms. This provides antimicrobial activity, without the need for antibiotic
chemicals. Chitosan is used to preserve foods and provide a barrier against microbes that exist in the
environment. Chitosan-based edible food coatings have been extensively researched and are being used
in industry. Chitosan can extend shelf life and improve the sensory quality of many foods. One study on
strawberries coated with chitosan showed that dip-coating strawberries in chitosan could increase shelf
life and prevent microbial growth. Similar effects have been observed in other fruits, vegetables and
seafood. Chitosan coatings offer food companies a green and exciting opportunity because chitosan is
non-toxic, biocompatible, and natural. It also has an excellent performance in extending shelf life for
many foods.
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● Bio-Clear - Organic waste water treatment, uses flocculation and coagulation techniques for
reusing the pollutants in industries like tannery and garments, Effective in desalination of
water.

Bio Clear is a high MW chitosan product which keeps the Storm water or Wastewater contamination
free.

Incorporating chitosan into your water treatment system reduces operating costs, increases throughput,
and enables sludge upcycling. The versatile, non-hazmat, natural & biodegradable biopolymer flocculant
& coagulant Chitosan is an ideal eco-friendly flocculant for water clarification applications due to its
ability to bind to a variety of organic and inorganic particulates. Removal of suspended solids, dyes,
heavy metals, and other pollutants is facilitated with chitosan in solution regardless it’s pH conditions.
When used for water filtration. Chitosan can then be removed via filtration or sedimentation; leaving
crystal clear water behind without any residual toxic chemicals.
Users of our products:
● For Bio-Feed

Poultry farms, fisheries, hatcheries and agro-industries.

Poultry farms - The livestock feed industry, irrespective of scale and size, is an integral and
growing segment of the food supply chain. It supplies the feed ingredients needed to promote
health and productivity in birds which, in turn, provide a growing global human population with
essential dietary protein and energy sources. The Feed Mill manufacturing industry has grown
consequently to provide backward linkage support to the three industries, especially poultry
farms which consume the biggest share of the feed industrially produced. With a current turnover
of BDT 10,000 Crore and a growth rate of 10% per year. The major demand driver of the feed
industry is the poultry industry and the feed milling industry works as the prime backward
linkage industry for these industries. Based on internal estimates, current demand for poultry
feed has been estimated to be 5.08 Million MT/year (based on CAGR 10% growth).

The fish feed market is estimated to account for about USD 112 billion in 2022 and is projected
to reach a value of about USD 158.5 billion by 2032, at a CAGR of 8.0%. Newly released data
for fish feed Market Analysis shows that global demand of overall fish feed market enjoyed
year-on-year (YoY) growth of 7.2% in 2022. So this says that the fisheries both globally and
locally has a huge demand for fish feed. And keeping in mind the type of bio-feed we are going
to produce has great nutrition facts.

Since the bio-feed is made of black soldier fly larvae which contains 50% protein, 35% fat, 6%
calcium and 1.2% phosphorus, and this states that the birds and fishes consuming it will have a
proper growth for which both the poultry farms and fisheries will be benefited resulting great
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profit in their business.

● For Bio-Spray

Agricultural industries, fruits, vegetables and plants in case of both pre-harvesting and post-
harvesting.

Bangladesh used as much as 44,423 tonnes of pesticides worth Tk755 crore in 2011. In 2020,
pesticide use came down to 37,422 tonnes worth Tk673 crore, according to the DAE Plant
Protection Wing. Now in case of fruits, we can think of mango for an example because Mango is
considered the most popular fruit among millions of people globally. But because of its diverse
nature and vast growing area, it suffers from a number of diseases. Some of them take a heavy
toll on the crop and are limiting factors in mango production. Among them, anthracnose is the
most prevalent and serious malady in mango-growing areas. Application of Chitosan in Fresh
and Minimally Processed Fruits and Vegetables 85 fruit. A pre-harvest application of
Pseudomonas fluorescents (FP7) with chitin formulation at monthly spray intervals through
aerial spray significantly reduced the pre- and postharvest anthracnose incidence. Restaurants
and consumers like sliced mango for convenience of serving and consumption. However,
minimally processed foods are typically stored between 4°C and 8°C. Whole mango fruits
exhibit chilling injuries if stored at temperatures under 13°C for several days. Sliced mango was
treated with aqueous solutions of 0, 0.5, 1, or 2% chitosan and mango slices were placed into
plastic trays, overwrapped with PVDC film, and then stored at 6°C. They evaluated sensory
qualities of taste, color and water loss. Chitosan coating delayed the loss in sensory quality, and
extended the shelf life. Nano multilayer coating, consisting of five layers of 0.2% pectin solution
and 0.2% chitosan solution, was applied on mango. The coating was characterized in terms of
permeability to water vapor, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. After 45 days of storage in plastic
boxes at 4°C and 93% RH, mass loss, soluble solids, and acidity were evaluated. Coated
mangoes presented a better external appearance, a less dehydrated surface, apparently without
fungal growth, and a much more preserved flesh. Mango fruits coated with chitosan had 15 days
of shelf life and low anthracnose incidence.

In this study, chitosan showed antimicrobial activity, which had been strengthened by the LPOS.
Chitosan, at 1% concentration containing LPOS, was sufficiently effective against microbial
contamination and enabled a delay in fruit ripening without altering quality.

● For Bio-Clear-

Industries such as garments, tanneries, carpet manufacturers, and the factories that does denim
dying consists of Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP). The use these plants to reuse industrial waste
water or for its safe disposal to the environment. And the bio-clear made with chitosan can be a
great factor for these Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP). The Bio-clear can also be used in case of
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pre-treatment plants which will gradually decrease the work in case of ETP. Therefore, due to
having an immense number of industries globally such as garments, tanneries, carpet
manufacturers, and the factories that does denim dying, the Bio-Clear has a huge number of
users.

● Chitosan-

Food and beverage industries, cosmetics, biomedical and pharmaceutical are the potential
customers of chitosan industry. Market value of chitosan market was $1.7 billion in 2019.
Growth of chitosan market in 2027 will be 18.0%. The global chitosan market size was valued at
$1.7 billion in 2019, and is projected to reach $4.7 billion by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 14.5%
from 2020 to 2027. The chitosan market is segmented on the basis of source, application, and
region. On the basis of source, it is divided into shrimp, crab, krill, squid, and others. Based on
application, it is categorized into water treatment, biomedical & pharmaceuticals, cosmetics,
food & beverages, and others. Based on region, it is analyzed across North America, Europe,
Asia-Pacific, and LAMEA, with country level analysis of each region. Major players have
adopted product launch, business expansion to sustain the intense market competition.

Key insights:

● The global chitosan market analysis covers in-depth information of major industry
participants.
● Porter’s five forces analysis helps to analyze the potential of buyers & suppliers and the
competitive scenario of the industry for strategy building.
● Major countries have been mapped according to their individual revenue contribution to
the regional market.
● The report provides an in-depth analysis of the global chitosan market forecast for the
period 2020–2027.
● The report outlines the current chitosan market trends and future estimations of the
market from 2019 to 2027 to understand the prevailing opportunities and potential
investment pockets.
● The key drivers, restraints, and chitosan market opportunity and their detailed impact
analysis is elucidated in the study.
The project aims to set up a biotech industry to manufacture bio products such as, Bio-feed, Bio-spray
and Bio-clear.

Technological Feasibility
Dhaka city has seen a huge influx in population in recent years which has given rise to an
increased amount of waste being generated. This has, hence, become a challenge for Solid Waste
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Management (SWM) in Dhaka. Secondary Transfer Station (STS) which was established by
Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC) has helped reduce roadside dumps but it is still far from
standard waste management practices. Approximately 4000 tons of waste are currently produced
in Dhaka. DNCC plans 72 STS among which 52 are in use. Dhaka South City Corporation
(DSCC) plans to establish 45 STS among which only 12 are currently in use. The key challenge
in waste management is finding an environment friendly disposal method of wastes. Adding to
this concern, managing current landfills, designing and constructing new landfills, collecting and
transporting increased volumes of waste and taking measures to reduce waste, etc. are all factors
to be considered.

Insectech plans to use Black Soldier Flies (BSF) to process waste and produce Chitosan, the
second most abundant biopolymer present in the world in order to address these growing
concerns. The project has been currently set on a plot of land measuring approximately 20.4
decimals located in Mirpur, Dhaka, of which the farm itself uses 10,000 square feet. The total
cost of the land, including development and registration is approximately BDT 36 crores.

The location of the factory to process waste and produce Chitosan as per the demand is ideal
since access to infrastructure and other facilities is quite easy. Moreover, the design and the plant
lay-out provided by the consultant has been diligently focused upon to ensure it will be executed
properly and Agreements for the required civil engineering works which need to be carried out
by Bangladeshi Construction Company under the direct supervision of the sponsors is under
process.
The designed building is sufficient to accommodate all plant and machinery required. The main
factory
building that has been constructed has brick walls and C.I. Sheet Roofing. The raw materials and
finished storage facilities have been constructed in the same manner. The main office building
has been constructed following the standard building code approved by the regulatory
authorities. The design of the building covers brick walls, RCC roof, overhead & amp;
underground water tanks, sanitation, drainage etc. The estimated cost in this aspect is BDT 15
lacs.

The Company aims to import the necessary machineries and equipment such as industrial
grinders, driers, homogenous stirrers, hydrolysis tanks and distillation channels from China
National Machinery. While importing such machineries, in case any equipment is damaged
during transit, especially the electrical components, insurance is necessary and is considered as
part of the cost to ensure technological and financial feasibility. Moreover, any damaged parts
can be procured locally.
This will lower the cost making the total machinery and equipment used and procured more
feasible in terms of the Company’s total expenses. The total cost of plant and machinery is
approximately BDT 90 lacs.
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Hence, based on the above-mentioned specifications and due diligence by the Company on the
technological aspects it is safe to say the project is technologically viable and can generate
revenues to maximize profits for the organization.

Legal Feasibility
In Bangladesh, the structural arrangements of industries show that fertilizer and pharmaceutical
industries are under the big and medium scale industries. On the other hand, backward linkage
industries, food processing and food linkage industries, agro-based industries, silk industries,
fruit processing, poultry farming, fisheries, vegetable seed farming, floriculture and agro-forestry
pathological laboratories, cold storage etc. under service industries, and many other sectors are
included in the SMEs. To bring about poverty alleviation, a reduction in unemployment by
creating more job opportunities, the government plans to establish allow the establishment of
SMEs across the country. The government has taken an initiative to draw up a separate SME
policy with a view to providing necessary guidelines and strategic assistance in respect of
establishing SMEs throughout the country.

There are more than 200 area specified laws that are in operation dealing with environmental
issues in Bangladesh. Though at hand there is no all-inclusive legal framework relating to waste
management in Bangladesh, there are a number of area-wise legislations dealing with waste
disposal that exist.
The Environment Conservation Act, 1995 is the focal point of pollution control legislation in
Bangladesh.
According to the Act industries and projects are divided into four categories. These categories
are:
1) Green, 2) Orange-A 3) Orange-B and 4) Red.
Orange B: animal feed, water purification plant, starch and glucose, soap,
Red: 43. Land-filling by industrial, household and commercial wastes.
28. Pesticides, fungicides and herbicides.
62. Water treatment plant.
For orange-B and red categories, the ECE must be renewed every year. However, the ECR,
1997, doesn't specify the documentation required for renewal of the ECE. Moreover, there is no
specific criterion of locating Industrial Plants in the ECR, 1997. The ECR, 1997 says, any
industry violating commission Standard of gaseous, liquid or solid etc. must take permission
from the Director General of Agriculture Ministry.

Moreover, according to the laws, industries such as the Waste Management will only be allowed
in specific areas in the declared zones or in areas where there is vacant areas and these industries
which are likely to produce smoke, odor beyond permissible limit shall not be acceptable in
commercial areas. Insectech farm will have to be located in such areas as allowed by the
government. Since the chosen land for the mill falls under such an area, it is feasible for the
company to conduct their business according to the laws of the land.
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Additionally, after obtaining the location clearance on the basis of Initial Environment
Examination (IEE) Report, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report in accordance
with the approved terms of reference along with design of ETP and its time schedule will need to
be submitted within approved time limit.

The Company as an SME can take advantage of this initiative and set up the project in special
zones allowed by the RJSC and the government authorities. This will allow it to access raw
materials, infrastructure as well as labor to ensure efficient production and success. Based on the
laws and legal restrictions in the country, the set-up of such an SME to produce paper will allow
the Company to be sustainable as well as maximize profits.

Production Feasibility
Our Innovation:
1. Dead insect cuticles and shells supplied to the chitosan labs.
2. Labs will produce scalable amounts of chitosan.
3. Labs will consist of grinders, driers, homogenous stirrers, hydrolysis tanks and
distillation channels.
4. Proof of concept produced (proto-types) from the labs will be used for marketing
purposes.
5. A circular economy from and for waste for the well-being of the planet and humans.
6. Man power and labor will be provided by the company.
7. Instructions and procedure manuals will be provided for technical training by the
company.
8. Our company plans on digital and organic approaches to agro-customers all over
Bangladesh.
9. Focuses on SDGs, gender neutrality and women empowerment.

Plan to run:
1. Live data feed from different farms monitored by appointed data analyzers.
2. Trouble shooting done remotely by designed team of experts.
3. A live financial output of each farm from accounting records.
4. A digitally maintained/ logged attendance list for the workers.
5. Set of tasks/ checklist in questionnaires for each day approved by AI.
6. Weight record maintained for each tray/ drawer of BSF for precise measurement of
production/ as a performance/ production indicator.
7. 1 BSF larva eats 250 mg of waste per day.
Plan for Large-Scale Waste Management:
1. 4000 tons of waste are being produced in Dhaka
2. DNCC plans 72 Secondary Transfer Stations (STS), 51 of them are in use.
3. DSCC plans 45 STS, uses 12.
4. IF all 63 STS are in use with an inbuilt farm of approximately 500 sqft, approximately
630 crore BSF will be farmed, 31,500 sqft of STS will be used to process 32000 tons of
waste.
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5. 1260 tons of feed and 6300 tons of fertilizers will be produced per day
6. All services will be according to partnership and Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)
7. All farms will be monitored through IOT
Plan for IOT Development:
1. Consumers to measure the number of flies in the breeding net.
2. A singular camera or device to measure the number of larvae in a box/ tray.
3. A temperature sensor to measure the temperature of breeding and feeding sections.
4. A monitoring camera for: a. the number of employees present, b. opening and closing
time.
5. A constant light sensor in the breeding section to maintain optimum breeding capacity.
(ex: at least 60% light exposure required)
6. An automated exhaust for temperature regulation in an hourly basis.
7. A platform where trays will be kept for measurement of quantity, weight and growth.
8. A digital data keeping of each tray and batch of larva and amount of fertilizer.
Production Cycle:
● Production Cycle for Flies

1. Eggies hatch within 1-4 days of duration

2. 7-10 days of feeding (baby to adult larva)

3. 24th day collect and separate harvest for feed making and rebreed the other half (prepupa or
adult larva)

4. 25th day (pupa taken to dark cage to become a fly)

5. 45th day collect dead flies, chitin shedding and cocoon shells

● Production cycle of making Chitosan based derivatives

1. Dried shells- 2 wt% NaOH, 2 hours, 60 C, Dry

2. Deprotonated shells- 7 wt%, 4 hours room temp, Wash with water until neutrality, Dry

3. Chitin- 50 wt% NaOH, 2hourss, 120 C under pressure, wash with water until neutrality, Dry

4. Chitosan

Extraction of chitin:
The collected insect-based samples were dried (105 °C for 48 h) and grounded in a mortar to
break the exoskeleton. The particle size of the obtained fractions was gravimetrically determined
by shaking the sample during 2 min over Retsch sieves of different mesh sizes and a particle
distribution of 25% > 2 mm, 49% between 2 and 1 mm, 17% between 1 and0.5 mm and 9% <
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0.5 mm was obtained. Next, chitin was extracted in triplicate for every life stage by a multi-step
process. First, demineralization was performed based on the method of Marei et al. atasolid :
liquid ratio of 1:10 (m/v) with HCl 1 M at room temperature for 1 h. Deproteinization included a
1 M NaOH treatment (solid:liquid ratio of 1:25 (m/v), 1 h at 80 °C) that was repeated until the
absence of color (12 times)similar to the method of Sagheer et al. Solids comprising the chitin
were separated from the liquid by filtration (pore size 25 μm, 49 PA (25/14),). Finally, the chitin
was washed with demineralized water until neutral pH and dried at 105 °C for 48 h.

Chemical extraction:

Shells obtained from diverse sources are subjected to washing and drying followed by crushing
into powder. The chemical extraction methods include three steps: Deproteination,
demineralization and de-coloration.

Chemical deproteination:

The deproteination step includes the disruption of chemical bonds between proteins and chitin
which involves the use of chemicals to depolymerize the biopolymer. For biomedical use, the
removal of proteins is principally important, as the protein content is the chief culprit to bring
allergy to the human population. The first approach used in deproteination was chemical method.
A wide variety of chemicals were used and tested for their efficiency as deproteination reagents.
Though, in each study, reaction conditions differ extensively. At concentrations ranging from
0.125 to 5.0 M, NaOH (a preferential reagent) was employed at varying temperature and
treatment duration. NaOH not only leads to deproteination but also results in hydrolysis of
biopolymer, dropping of its molecular weight and partial deacetylation of chitin.

Chemical demineralization:

Removal of minerals, primarily calcium carbonate, is called as demineralization. It is commonly

accomplished by acid treatment using sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid
and formic acid. Hydrochloric acid is the superior reagent among all these acids.
Demineralization involves decomposition of calcium carbonate into calcium chloride along with
the discharge of carbon dioxide as shown:

2HCl+CaCO3CaCl2+H2O+CO22HCl+CaCO3CaCl2+H2O+CO2

Decoloration:

A decoloration step is an additional step which is required only if a colorless product is desired.
An organic solvent mixture or acetone was employed to eliminate pigments like carotenoids.
Table 1 illustrates some of the key studies for recovery of chitin from marine resources through
chemical method.
 13

The reason to use black soldier fly:

The BSF larvae were purchased from a local breeder. The larvae were harvested in the last larval
stage, removed from the substrate and delivered alive. After a few hours, the bins contained
shedding that were collected by gently blowing air on top. Some larvae were further reared in
small containers on moisturized broiler feed to collect all life stages. The prepupae were
collected after they crawled out of the substrate and were distinguished by the dark color, a
flexible body and they did not move unless exposed to bright light. A considerable amount of
prepupae was allowed to search a pupation spot in cardboard pieces. The pupal stage was
indicated after an examination where the pupae had to meet four conditions, (1) being stiff, (2)
exhibiting an s-shape, (3) white eyes and (4) absence of a dark digestion track. Some pupae were
left to pupate and after flies emerged, the cocoons were identified (small hole in the top) and
collected. Flies were collected after death. Commercial chitin was purchased from Sigma-
Aldrich (from shrimp shells, C9213), while squid pen was kindly provided by a local restaurant
(1.3 kg of fresh squid provided 1.05 g wet squid pen).

The reason to use shrimp shells:

Modern seafood processing practices result in amassment of a large volume of waste products,
i.e., skin, head, tails, shells, scales, backbones, etc. These waste products may often encompass
several high-value products which are still untapped due to the dearth of appropriate
management. Moreover, inadequate disposal of waste also has negative implications on both
environment and human health. This seafood waste often contains a huge amount of chitin, a
polysaccharide that exhibits exceptional inherent characteristics including biocompatibility,
biodegradability, antimicrobial, antitumor and antioxidant activities. The present review
summarizes the existing methods for recovery of chitin and its derivatives from marine waste.
The preparation of chitin nanoparticles was discussed along with blending of chitin and chitosan
with other biopolymers. The recent trends of the application of chitin and chitosan nanostructures
in various sectors were explored. This review is an attempt to highlight the extraction methods of
chitin and chitosan from marine waste resources and its transformation into valuable commercial
products as a solution to waste management.

With growing population, waste generation is also increasing and major proportion of by-
products generated by contemporary food remains underutilized which may often contain high-
value substances. Crucial problem faced by industries and society during food processing is
disposal of food waste. Around 1012–1014 tons of chitin are produced annually by living
organisms in ocean, out of which 2.8 × 1010 kg is generated by arthropods in freshwater and 1.3
× 1012 kg in marine environment. This huge quantity of chitin would provide enough raw
material, if commercial procedures were developed for extraction of commercially competent
polymers. Habitually, seafood waste is burned, land filled, dumped at sea or left to get spoiled. If
not processed properly, it may have a negative impact on human health, biodiversity and
environment.
 14

Equipment and Machineries

Cow/ chicken/horse/cattle feed mill equipment/ Poultry Feed grinder and Mixer/ Feed crushing
Machine:
Price: BDT 34,567 - BDT 155,554.
 15

Hydrolysis chemical mixing agitator tank:

Price: BDT 154,727- BDT155,727.

High quality animal feed Dryer:

Price: BDT 1,98,763 for 1-1 sets.

● Voltage: 380

● Power:13.9 Kw

● Weight:300 kg

● Output: 300-500 kg/H

● Material: stainless steel

 16

Homogenous stirrer:
Price: starting from BDT 86,419.00

● Power of stirrer :4kw

● Power of homogenizer:7.5 kw

● Barrel:500 liters.

Organizational Feasibility
The company has been formed by the following financially sound Bangladeshi
sponsors/directors who have diversified experiences in industrial management and national and
international business activities. The organogram will be as follows:

The overall management of the company will be vested with the Board of Directors. The
Managing Director will be the Chief Executive responsible to look after day-to-day management
and administrative aspect of the company following the guidelines set by the board while the
professionals in their respective fields will assist him. The above organogram will be used to
conduct the business. The Managing Director will be assisted by a team of professionals and
experiences personnel to be recruited locally. Moreover, an experienced technical team will be
working with this plant to ensure sustainability and success.