Ventricular system

Ventricles are fluid filled cavities

located within the brain

4 ventricdes;
2 Lateral ventricles,
third ventricle &

fourth ventricle
The lateral
two ventricles
communicate with the 3rd ventricle
through the interventricular
foramen ( of Monro)

The 3rd ventricle communicates with

the 4th ventricle through cerebral Activate Windows
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aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius) of

midbrain
Contd..
The 4th ventricle, in turn, is
continuous with the central
canal of the spinal cord and,
through the three foramina
in its roof, with the
subarachnoid space.

The central canalin the

spinal cord has small dilation
at its inferior end, referred te
as the terminal ventricle

Ventricular system is lined by

an epithelial layer called the
ependyma and are filled
with cerebrospinal fluid.
 Lateral ventricles
2 cavities situated one in each
cerebral hemisphere

Each lateral ventricle is roughly

C-shaped consisting of

Central part called Body

which gives 3 extensions
which are named as
Anterior horn,
Posterior horn and
Inferior horn
 Body
Occupy the parietal lobe and
Extends from the interventricular
to the splenium of corpus callosum
foramen

Central part
Anteriore hom Posterior horn

Inferior horn

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Anterior horn: lies in front ofthe
the
interventricular foramen and extends within
frontal lobe

horn: and
Posteriorcallosum lies behind the splenium of the
corpus extends into the occipital
lobe

Inferior horn: begins from the posterior

the central part. It extends downwards and
end of

forwards into the temporal lobe

Central part
Anteriore horn Posterior horn

Inferior hom
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 Third ventricle
I s a slit-like cleft between the two
thalami nterthalamic space) Body c omu Copus caicsum

lateral ventcle

Communication Chorod plex

Ant- lateral ventricles

through the interventricular -Caudata nu

fommen
-Antericrpa
Post fourth ventricle ofhaamuss
through cerebral aqueduct Right inaerna
ceretral ven

Meda part
of tsamuss
I tIt has
-Lateral part
anterior and posterior walls, oftaiamuss
roof Third vento
loorand
two lateral walls
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 Third ventricle
I s a slit-like cleft between the two
thalami (nterthalamic space)

Communication
Ant- lateral ventricles
through the interventricular
loramen
Post- fourth ventricle
through cerebral aqueduct

It has
anterior and posterior walls,
roof
floor and
two lateral walls
 J

Contd...

Anterior wall-lamina terminalis and

anterior commissure

Posterior wall-pineal body, post

commissure andcerebral aqueduct

Floor optic chiasma, infundibulum,

mamillary bodies, posterior
pertorated substances

Lateral wall- medial surface of the amina

teminalis
thalamus, hypothalamus that are

sepacated by the bypothalamic sulans

H y p o t h a l a m u s

Roof ependyma, tela choroidea CMammllary

TbuerABcay
and body of fornix chiasma ereum
 Fourth ventricle
Cavity of hindbrain situated
anterior to the cerebellum
and posterior to the pons
Mid brain
and the cranial half of the
medulla pons

Boundaries:
Angles
lateral
a roof and
diamond shaped anteior medulla cerebellum
loor called the rhomboid fossa
4T ventricle
 Angles
Superior angle: with cerebral
aqueduct
Inferior angle: central canal ol
spinal cord

Lateral angles: towards dorsal

surface of inferior cerebellar
peduncle.

Lateral angle presents an aperature Foramina of Luschka

through which CSF 1s

discharged into ponline cIstern
 Lateral boundaries:

Superior
cerebella
pedunclec

Inferor
cerebellar
peduncleE

Cuneate tubercle

Gacle tubercle

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Roof-
and a
sup part is fomed by convergence of the 2 sup cerebellar peduncles
velum
connecting sheet of whute matter called the superior medullary
tela choroidea,inferior medullary velun
Inferior part is formed by the ependyma,
is pierced in tlhe midlline by a large median aperture-
foramen
This part ofthe roof
of Mngendre
form the
The cavity of the ventricle extends laterally over the surface of tlhe ICP to

lateral recess of the ventricle

The lateral recess on each side opens into the subarachnoid space by a lateral aperturi
(loramen of Luschka)

Supenor
medullaryy
velum

nte
nfanar tmudullary
velum
 Floor of fourth ventricle (Rhomboid fossa)
medulla
Formed by the posterior surface of the pons and cranial part of the
the arcuate
Their junction is demarcated by Stria medullaris derived from
nuclei.

Divided into 2 halves by median sulcus and lateral to this is bounded

lateraly
E a c h half is further divided by sulcus limitans into median elevation-
median eminence and lateral vestübular area

Trochlea
Mbeain

Mile
ccbellar
Supe
pedupcle
tial e Pona
Slees mia
Vescibes a
cial colic

Seri ilullas
Indenor
cErcbelar
dunce Medulla
ablongata

5-1Pextericr rufof tha braimstem shewing the pons Thecerebelum has been

inferior fovea
 Cerebrospinal Fluid SF)
:

Defn: clear, colourless and odourless modified tissue fluid

contained in ventricular system and subarachnoid space.

Normal rate- 600-700nml per/day.

Formation: by choroid plexuses of ventricles
Absorption: through arcahnoid villi into duml venous sinuses

Composition
Water
Mineral salts
Glucose
Plasma proteins: small amount of albumin and globulin
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Creatinine, urea in small amount
Jons: Na, K, Ca, Mg, CI, HCO3.
 ANTERIOR

Epenaymal
Fal cerebn cel

Biood
Capdlary
Cerebrun

Lataral
vermce
Tg
ncton
Transerse
pLane Septum e
peluocm
CSF Vernitnicte
Chorod
pieus Detais of a secion rough
a choroid pieus

Fatr cerebn

Supenor sagal
snus

POSTERIOR
 Choroid Plexus and Production of
CSF
Ependymal-
colls

Capillary-
Connectivo-
tissue of Section
pia mator of chorold
plexus

Wastos and Cavity of

vontriclo
Cerebrospinal fluid forms as a
unnecessary fllrate containing glucose
(a) 5olutes absorbod oxygon, vitamins, and
lons (Na", CI, Mg2, etc.)

Choroid plexus Is highlyvascularised secretory epitbelial tissue

which produces CSE They are tela choroidea withvascular
Iringes cOvered by secretory ependyma.
 ATERSTITAL FLUD I
THALAMMUS

Riet
epecialy oucone
Epenca
CHRS Oygm
Cry
Enatels cel

od-

ood
iaatas
Vacte produca
lors
Aino acds
u e n neces

pa ar, HOO,, C.477

Vitams
O n c nments

Organ
OHOROID
PLEUS CEREERCSPRAL FLUD B
Tgs rcon
te WDHRD VENTRCE
POSTERIOR ANTERIOR

Cerebrum
LATERAL VENTRICLES
INTERVENTRICULAR FORAMEN
FOURTHVENTRICLE THIRD VENTRICLE
AQUEDUCT OF THE MIDBRAIN
LATERAL APERTURE (CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT)

Cerebelum
Pons
MEDIAN APERTURE
Medulla cbliongata
CENTRAL CANAL
Spnal cord
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Right lateral view of brain

 CSF Produced

Lateral Ventricles Dy
Choroid Plexm

Interventricular Foraminn
CSF (Foramina of Monro)

CIRCULATION
cSF Produced
Third Ventricle By
Charaid Plexu

Cerebral Aqueduct
(Aqueduct of Sylvius)

CSF Produced
Fourth Ventricle Dy
Choroid Plex

Foramina of Luschka
and
Central Canal of Spinal
Foramen of Magendie Cord

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Subarachnoid Space
 ventnicies and
Cerebronpinal huidis secreted into the
hows throughout h e subarachnoid space, uthere it
cuahions the central nervous system Aracthnoid
vil

Choroid pieua
of thuird verntricie

Pia mate

Arachnond
membrane

(c) The Chcrcid Plens Sirus

The chorod piexus

transporta ions and Choroid piexus
nunents trom the biood of fourth ventricie
into e cerebrospiral fud
Spinal cord
Central canal

Subarachnoid
space
Capillary Arachnoid
membrane

-Ependymal Dura mater

cells

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Water lora,vitamins.
Cerebrospinal
nuid in third ventricio
nutrients
 Functions of CSF:
1. Cushions and insulates delicate nervous tissue.

2. Gives Buoyancy to the brain ("floats" in CSF).

3. Exchange of gases (O and Co), nutrients and

wastes.

4. Regulates- the volume of the cranial cavity

Brain weight 1500gm in air, weight only50gm in efs.

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