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Marie Curie was a Polish-born physicist and chemist who pioneered research on
radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the first person to
win the Nobel Prize twice.
Curie's early life was marked by poverty and a lack of educational opportunities
for women in Russian-controlled Poland. Despite this, she excelled academically. In
1891, she went to study at the Sorbonne in Paris where she met her husband, Pierre
Curie.
Together, the Curies discovered two new radioactive elements - radium and polonium.
This work led to them jointly winning the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics. After
Pierre's tragic death in 1906, Marie continued their research, eventually winning a
second Nobel in 1911 for Chemistry.
She championed the use of radium to treat cancer and helped equip field
radiological centers during World War I. However, her decades of exposure to
radiation took a toll on her health and she died in 1934 from aplastic anemia
likely caused by radiation exposure.