Page 1

Solutions Of First Seasonal Questions

Q1:

Solution:
CH 4 +2 O2 ⇒ CO 2 + 2 H 2 O

At first we calculation adiabatic flame temperature as:

C 1 T 2a +C 2 T a −C 3=0

Species Δh of a i, o a i, 1
CH 4 -74980 kJ/kmol 44.2539 0.02273
CO 2 -394088 kJ/kmol 44.3191 0.0073
H2O -242174 kJ/kmol 32.4766 0.00862

2
C 1 =∑ ( n i . ai, 1∗0 .5 )
i=1

2
C 2 =∑ ( n i . ai, o )
i=1

( o o o
)
C 3= ( Δh f ) fuel− b . ( Δh f )CO 2 −d . ( Δh f ) H 2O +( C 2∗298+ C 1∗298 2 )

C1=0.5*[0.0073+2*0.00862]=0.01227

C2=[44.3191+2*32.4766]=109.2723

C3=[-74980-(-394088)-(2*-242174)]+[109.2723*298+0.01227*2982]

C3=837108.8
0 . 01227 T 2 + 109 .2723 T a − 837108 . 8=0
a

T a =4930 . 8 K

T ( x )=θ (T a −T i ) + T i

At x= -2L/3

1)

θ (−2 L/3 )=e (−2/3 )=1 . 94773

Page 2

T ( x )=0. 5134 (4930 . 8−298 ) + 298=2676 .5 K

2)

The number moles of species are :

ω CH 4 =1−2 . 718 exp (−T a /T ( x ) ) kmol

ω CH 4 =1−2 . 718 exp (−4930 . 8/2676 . 5)=0 .56918 kmole

nCH 4 =1−ω CH 4 =1−0. 56918=0 . 43082 kmole

ω O 2=2∗ω CH 4 =2∗0 .56918=1. 13836 kmole

nO 2=2−ωO 2 =2−1. 13836=0. 86164 kmole

ω CO 2 =1∗ω CH 4 =1∗0 .56918=0 .56918 kmole

nCO 2=0+ωCO 2=0+0 .56918=0 .56918 kmole

ω H 2 O=2∗ωCH 4 =2∗0 . 56918=1 .13836 kmole

n H 2O =0+ω H 2 O=0+1 .13836=1 .13836 kmole

3)
N Total=nCH 4 +nO 2 +nCO2 +n H 2 O=0 . 43082+0 . 86164+0. 56918+1 .13836=3 kmoles

0.43082
x CH 4 = =0.143606666
3
0.86164
x O2 = =0.287213333
3
0.56918
x CO2 = =0.18972666
3
1.13836
x H 2 o= =0.37945333
3

but MW mix =∑ x i MW i

MW mix =0.143606666 ∗16 +0.287213333 ∗32+0.18972666 ∗44+0.37945333 ∗18

MW mix =26 .666 kg/ kmole

Run 8. 314
Rmix = = =0. 31178 kJ /kg K
MW mix 26 . 666
Page 3

Assuming the combustion occur at atmospheric pressure and by applied

the equation of state for ideal gases then:
P 100000
ρ= = = 0.1198 kg/m3
RT 0.31178∗1000 ∗2676.5

Q2:

Solution:

Since, we have O2 in production gases then the Ф <1 (Lean Combustion)

and reaction equation as :

C X H Y +a (O2 +3 .76 N 2 )→bCO 2 +dH 2 O+f O2 +3 . 76 a N 2

MW mix MW mix
∑ x i =1 , x i= yi
MW i then
∑ yi
MW i
=1
but

(a)
1 1
MW mix = =
Yi yCO 2 yH 2 O yO2 yN 2
∑ MW i 44
+
18
+ +
32 28

1
MW mix =
0 . 099548 0. 020362 0 . 13575 0 . 7443
+ + +
44 18 32 28 = 29.1 kJ/kmol. K

(b)
MW mix 29 .1
xCO 2 = yCO 2 =0 . 099548 = 0 . 0658
MW CO 44
2

MW mix 29 .1
xH 2 O= yH 2 O =0. 020362 =0 . 0329
MW H O 18
2

MW mix 29. 1
xO 2 = yO2 =0 . 13575 = 0 .12345
MW O 32
2

MW mix 29 .1
xN 2 = yN 2 =0 .7443 = 0 . 7735
MW N 28
2
Page 4

(c)
xCO 2 b/ N T
= , N T the number moles of production gases
2. xH 2 O 2 d / N T

0. 0658 b X
= =
2 ∗0. 0329 2 d Y
X Y
=1 =1
Y or X

Then, the fuel is Acetylene (C2H2)

(d)
X +Y / 4
Φ=
Since a , and 2 a=2∗b+d +2 f Oxygen atom balance

But b=X , d=Y /2 , f =( 1−Φ ) a ,

Since ( N T =b+d + f +3 .76∗a )

3 . 76 a 3. 76 a
xN 2 = =0 .7735 ⇒ N T =4 . 861 a
NT => NT

b d X Y /2
xCO 2 +xH 2 O= + = + =0 .0658+0. 0329=0 . 0987
Since NT NT NT N T

Therefore
( X +Y /2 )=0 . 0987 N T =0 .0987∗4 . 861∗a=0 . 4798 a
or
X +Y /2
a=
0. 4798

X +Y /4
Φ= , but X=Y =2
( X +Y /2 ) /0. 4798
2+0 . 5
Φ= =0 . 4
3/0 . 4798

Q3:

Solution:
Page 5

The reaction equation is :

CH 4 +1. 5 (O2 +3 .76 N 2 ) →bCO 2 +cCO +dH 2 O+eH 2 +3. 76 a N 2

X +Y /4
Φ= , X=1 , Y =4 , a=1. 5
Since a

1+4 /4
Φ= =1 . 333
, 1. 5
Then

From balance of atoms:

Carbon balance 1=b+c

Hydrogen balance 4=2 d+2e
Oxygen balance 3=2 b+c+d

Or

b=1−c
d=3−2b−c=3−2(1−c )−c=1+c
e=2−d=2−1−c=1−c
xCO . xH 2 O c . d c . (1+c) c+c 2
Kp= = = =
xCO 2 . xH 2 b . e (1−c) . (1−c) (1−c)2

4577 . 8 4577 . 8
Kp=exp(−4.33+ )= exp (−4.33 + )= 0.1165
But T 2100

0 .1165 (1−2 c+c 2 )=c+c 2

0.8835 c2 +1.233 c −0.1165 =0

c=0.08883 or c=−1.4844 neglacted
b=1−c=1−0.08883 =0.91117
d=1+c=1+0.08883 =1.08883
e=b=0.91117
nCO2=b=0.91117 mole

nCO=c=0.08883 moles
Page 6

nH2O=d=1.08883 moles

nH2=e=0.91117 moles

nN2=3.76*a=3.76*(X+Y/4)/Ф=3.76*(1+1)/1.3333=5.64 moles

if added o.2 mole of H2O to equilibrium mixture , we can analysis as:

CO+ H 2 O ⇔ H 2 + CO 2

CO H2O H2 CO2

0.08883 1.08883 0.91117 0.91117

0 +0.2 0 0

-x -x +x +x

0.08883-x 1.28883-x 0.91117+x 0.91117+x

xCO . xH 2 O (0. 08883−x )(1. 28883−x )
Kp= = =0.1165
xCO 2 . xH 2 (0 . 91117+x)2

0.1165 (0.91117+x)2=(0.08883-x)(1.28883-x)

0.1165(0.83+1.82234x+x2)=0.1144887-1.37766x+x2

0.8835x2-1.59x+0.0178=0

1. 59± √1 .59 2−4∗0 . 8835∗0. 0178

x=
2∗0 . 8835
x= 1.78834 mole or x=0.01132 mole

if x=1.78834 mole

then

nCO=0.08883-1.78834= -1.69951 impossible

then, x=1.78834 neglected

i.e. x=0.01132 mole

nCO=0.08883-0.01132=0.07751 mole
Page 7

nH2O=1.28883-0.01132=1.27751 mole

nH2=0.91117+0.01132=0.92249 mole

nCO2=0.91117+0.01132=0.92249 mole

Q3:

Solution: