Humidity PDF
Humidity PDF
Humidity PDF
FOG MIST
1 Fog is a thick cloud like mass or layer of tiny 1 Mist is a cloud of tiny water droplets suspended in
water droplets near the surface of art reducing the atmosphere limiting the visibility.
visibility.
2 Reduces visibility to less than one kilometer. 2 Usually has a visibility of above 1 kilometer
3 Much denser 3 Less denser
4 Not dissipate quickly. 4 Dissipate quickly.
(A) Precipitation.
The process by which the water droplets get Condensed in the in higher altitudes to form clouds
and ultimately after attaining the saturation point and colliding with the dust particles in the air It
causes precipitation in the form of rain, snow, hail, drizzle and silt. It can also occur when tiny
water droplets conjoin to form huge mass of clouds, and ultimately falls down as It no more can
hold heavy mass.
(B) Evaporation.
The process by which water vapour enters into the atmosphere through the process of heating is
known as evaporation. Evaporation can only occur in case of high temperature. It takes nearly
600 calories of heat to convert one gram of liquid water into vapor state. It is the primary process
through which liquid water gets converted into gasses which ultimately leads to formation of
clouds to precipitation.
(C) Condensation
The process in which gaseous water droplets gets converted into water vapor on account of cold
temperature is known as condensation. It is the reverse process of evaporation. It occurs when
water vapor is added to saturated air or when the temperature falls below the temperature at
which air becomes saturated.
(D) Humidity.
Humidity can be termed as the gaseous water vapor which is added to the air due to the perior
process of evaporation. It adds to the moistness of the air. Humidity is directly proportional to
heat.
IV. Structured type questions
Ans:
2 The higher amount of water weapon in the 2 It may be that air with same absolute humidity
air, the higher is the absolute humidity. have different relative humidity depend due to
varying temperature.
3 Absolute humidity is not taken account for 3 Relative humidity is an essential characteristics
weather calculations. of weather forecasts, which is readily taken into
consideration.
(i) The total volume of water in the oceans and seas remain constant.
Ans: This is because all the water that evaporates from the earth’s water bodies is eventually
returned to it directly by the process of condensation and precipitation, and indirectly by the
streams and overflows from land surfaces.
(ii) In Equatorial regions the sky often remains overcast with clouds.
Ans: In Equatorial regions the sky often remains overcast with clouds due to excessive heat. The
high temperature leads to the rapid heating of air. Such heated air rises in convectional currents, leading to
development of clouds at about 10 km height.
Ans: Human efficiency is best at 40% relative humidity, more or less humidity creates uneasiness of
humidity and dryness.
(d) Draw a well-leveled diagram showing orography rainfall.
(i) High amount of water vapour: Higher the water vapor content higher the precipitation
chance.
(ii) Temperature range: When the temperature drops down below the temperature of the
dew point, condensation occurs.
(iii) Minuscule particles or Condensation nuclei: These particles act as the nuclear around
which the water vapor surrounds and rises up to the sky.
Ans: Condensation is the reverse process of evaporation because in the process of condensation, the
water vapor is converted into water droplets on account of low temperature this mainly occurs to the
water droplets on high altitude. On the other hand, the evaporation occurs when the liquid water is
subjected to higher temperature in which it gets converted to gasses form and returns back into
water vapour.
(ii) Coasts perceive more rainfall than the interior of the continents.
Ans: Coastal regions generally receive more rainfall than the interior of continents due to the following
reasons:
Higher Humidity: The humidity in the clouds is high when they are at the coast. This is because there is
more evaporation from the sea, leading to more water being collected in the air.
Rainfall Pattern: By the time humid clouds reach the interior of the continents, they have already lost a
significant amount of their moisture. This results in less rainfall in the interior regions compared to the
coasts
3. (a). How is dew formed? What is the difference between fog and mist?
Ans: When water vapor gets condensed on account of cooling of air below dew point on the surface,
tiny droplets of water called dew or form.
Priviously Written.
Ans: Orographic rainfall is also known as relief rainfall. It occurs from the cooling of warm, moist air,
which ascends above the mountain barrier, lying in the direction of the prevailing winds. On
descending the leeward slope decrease in altitude increases both pressure and the temperature,
leading the air to get compressed and warm. Thus, less rainfall occurs in the leeward side.
There is conventional rainfall in the Equatorial Regions. The high temperature leads to the rapid
heating of air. Such heated air rises in the conventional currents, leading to evelopment of clouds at
about 10 kilometre height causes condensation of the clouds, resulting in very high rainfall. And thus
four O clock shower occurs every four O clock, at noon It receives the annual rain of 200 centimetre.
Ans: Rain Shadow area is the region which is a leeward side, and is sheltered from prevailing rain
winds. The sudden ascent of warm moisture on the inward side causes cooling of air, leading to
condensation on the windward side. While descending the leeward slide, the altitude decreases
Consequently, the relative humidity drops and thus no precipitation occurs in rain shadow areas, and
it remains generally dry.
Ans: Frontal rain is common in mid-latitudes due to the convergence of two different air masses with
different temperatures and other physical properties. This typically involves the meeting of the sub-
tropical and polar air masses When warm and cold air masses confront each other, the warmer air
generally climbs above the colder air. After rising higher altitude and condensing, it later causes
precipitation. Such precipitation is called cyclonic rainfall.