DYNAMICS

1. What is the meant by the weight of an object?

(A) The gravitational field acting on the object
(B) The gravitational force acting on the object
(C) The mass of the object multiplied by gravity
(D) The object’s mass multiplied by its acceleration
2. Which is not one of Newton’s laws of motion?
(A) The total momentum of a system of interacting bodies remains constant, providing no external
force acts.
(B) The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the external force acting on
the body and takes place in the direction of the force.
(C) If the A exerts a force on body B, then body B exerts an equal and oppositely-directed force on
body A.
(D) A body continues in a state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by
some external force.
3. When a force of 4 N acts on a mass of 2 kg for a time of 2 s, what is the rate of change of
momentum?
(A) 2 kg ms-2 (B) 4 kg ms-2
-2
(C) 8 kg ms (D) 16 kg ms-2
4. An object of mass m is travelling with velocity r. Which equation gives the momentum p of the
object in terms of either m or and its kinetic energy Ek?
2 Ek
(A) P= (B) P=2 EV
m

5.
(C) P=
√
2 EK
v
(D) P= √ 2 Ek m

Newton’s third law concerns the forces of interaction between two bodies.
Which of the following statements relating to the third law is not correct?
(A) The two forces must be of the same type.
(B) The two forces are always must act on different bodies.
(C) The two forces are always opposite in direction.
(D) The two forces are equal and opposite so the bodies are in equilibrium
6. Two satellites in space collide inelasticity.
What happens to the kinetic energy and momentum?

Kinetic energy Momentum

A Conserved Conserved
B Conserved Reduced
C Reduced Conserved
D Reduced Reduced
7. A force 2F acting on a particle of mass 10 kg produces an acceleration of 60 ms-2.
A force 5F acting on a particle of mass M produces an acceleration of 50 ms-2.
What is the mas M?
(A) 3.3 kg (B) 4.8 kg
(C) 21 kg (D) 30 kg
8. A cyclist is riding at a steady speed on a level road.
According to Newton’s third law of motion, what is equal and opposite to the backward push of
the back wheel on the road?
(A) The force exerted by the cyclist on the pedals
 (B) The forward push of the road on the back wheel
(C) The tension in the cycle chain
(D) The total air resistance and friction force
9. The diagram shows the masses and velocities of two trolleys about to collide.

After the impact they move off together.

What is the total kinetic energy of the trolleys after the collision?
(A) 1.3 J (B) 12 J
(C) 18 J (D) 19 J
10. The rate of change of momentum of a body falling freely under gravity is equal to its
(A) Impulse (B) Kinetic energy
(C) Power (D) Weight
11. A constant mass undergoes uniform acceleration. Which of the following is a correct statement
about the resultant force acting on the mass?
(A) It increases uniformly with respect to time.
(B) It is constant but not zero.
(C) It is proportional to the displacement from a fixed point.
(D) It is proportional to the velocity.
12. Which graph best shows the variation with time of the momentum of a body acceleration by a
constant force?

13. In perfectly elastic collisions between two atoms, it is always true to say that:
(A) The initial speed of one atom will be the same as the final speed of the other atom.
(B) The relative speed of approach between the two atoms equals their relative speed of separation.
(C) The total momentum must be conserved, but a small amount of the total kinetic energy may be
lost in the collision.
(D) Whatever their initial states of motion, neither atom can be stationary after the collision.
14. Two similar spheres, each of mass m and traveling with speed v, are moving towards each
other.
 The spheres have a head-on elastic collision. Which stamen is correct?
(A) The spheres stick together on impact.
(B) The total kinetic energy after impact is mv2.
(C) The total kinetic energy before impact is zero.
(D) The total momentum before impact is 2mv.
15. The diagram shows two trolleys, X and Y, about to collide and gives the momentum of each
trolley before the collision.

After the collision, the directions of motion of both trolleys are reversed and the magnitude of
the momentum of X is then 2 Ns.
What is the magnitude of the corresponding momentum of Y?
(A) 6 Ns (B) 8 Ns
(C) 10 Ns (D) 30 Ns
16. Two railway trucks of masses m and 3m move towards each other in opposite directions with
speeds 2v and v respectively. These trucks collide and stick together.
What is the speed of the trucks after the collision?
v v
(A) (B)
4 2
5v
(C) v (D)
4
17. The graph shows how the force acting on a body varies with time.

Assuming that the body is moving in a straight line, by how much does its momentum changes?
(A) 40 kg ms-1 (B) 36 kg ms-1
(C) 20 kg ms-1 (D) 16 kg ms-1
18. A wooden block of mass 0.60 kg in on a rough horizontal surface. A force of 12 N is applied to
the block and it accelerates at 4.0 ms-2.
 Which is the magnitude of the frictional force acting on the block?
(A) 2.4 N (B) 9.6 N
(C) 14 N (D)16 N
19. Which graph best shows the variation with time of the momentum of a body acceleration by a
constant force?

20. A body, initially at rest, explodes into two masses M1 and M2 that move apart with speed V1 and
V2 respectively.
v1
What is the ratio ?
v2
M1 M2
(A) (B)
M2 M1

( ) ( )
1 1
M1 2 M2 2
(C) (D)
M2 M1
21. A ball of mass 2 kg travelling at 8ms-1 strikes a ball of mass 4 kg travelling at 2 ms-1. Both balls
are moving along the same straight line as shown.

After collision, both balls move at the same velocity v.

What is the magnitude of the velocity v?
(A) 4 ms-1 (B) 5 ms-1
(C) 6 ms-1 (D) 8 ms-1
22. Two equal masses travel towards each other on a frictionless air track at speeds of 60 cm s -1 and
40 ms s-1. They stick together on impact.
 What is the speed of the masses after impact?
(A) 10 cm s-1 (B) 20 cm s-1
(C) 40 cm s-1 (D) 50 cm s-1
23. A force of 50 N pushes two touching blocks of mass 6.0 kg and along a flat surface. The
frictional force between the blocks and the surface is 6.0 N.

What is the magnitude of the resultant force on the 6.0 kg mass?

(A) 12 N (B) 36 N
(C) 45 N (D) 48 N
24. The diagram shows two trolleys X and Y held stationary and connected by an extended elastic
cord. The mass of X is twice that of Y.

The trolleys are released at the same instant. They move towards each other and stick together
on impact. Just before the collision, the speed X is 20 cm s-1.
What is the speed of Y after the collision?
(A) Zero (B) 5 cm s-1
-1
(C) 7 cm s (D) 10 cm s-1
25. The diagram shows three forces acting on the centre of gravity G of a body which was initially
at rest.

Later, a 10 N forces is applied to G in the direction GX.

What is the final motion of the body?
(A) It accelerates in the direction GX.
(B) It accelerates in the direction CG.
(C) It moves at constant speed in the direction GX.
(D) It moves at constant speed in the direction XG.
26. Two blocks X and Y, of masses m and 3m respectively, are accelerated along a smooth
horizontal surface by a force F applied to block X are shown.

What is the magnitude of the force exerting by block X on block Y during this acceleration?
F F
(A) (B)
4 3
F 3F
(C) (D)
2 4
27. The diagram shows a situation just before a head-on collision. A lorry of mass 20000 kg is
travelling at 20.0 ms-1 towards a car of mass 900 kg traveling at 30.0 ms-1 towards the lorry.

What is the magnitude of the total momentum?

(A) 373 kNs (B) 427 kNs
(C) 3600 kNs (D) 4410 kNs
28. A stream of water from a hose travels horizontally at speed v. the stream strikes a brick wall
and falls vertically down it without splashing.
The stream of water is a cylinder of cross-sectional area A. the water has density P.
Which expression is the force exerted on the wall by water?
(A) Apv (B) Apv2
1
(C) Apv3 (D) Apv3
2
29. A neutron is in head-on elastic collision with a stationary nitrogen nucleus. The mass of a
nitrogen nucleus is 14 times that of a neutron.
The neutrons velocity after the collision is:
(A) Less in magnitude than its initial velocity.
(B)Less in magnitude than the final velocity of the nitrogen atom.
(C) Equal in magnitude to its initial velocity but in the opposite direction.
(D) Greater in magnetic than its initial velocity.
30. A ball of mass 80 g collides with a vertical wall. The ball has a velocity of 23 ms-1 in a horizontal
direction. After hitting the wall, the ball moves with a velocity of 18 ms-1 in the opposite
direction.
What is the impulse provided by the wall?
(A) 0.40 Ns in a direction away from the wall
(B) 3.3 Ns in a direction away from the wall
(C) 33 Ns in a direction towards the wall
(D) 3300 Ns in a direction towards the wall
31. An object of mass M travelling to the right with velocity 2v collides with another object of mass
2M travelling to the left with velocity v. After the collision, the objects stick together. Which line
in the table shows the total momentum and the total kinetic energy of the two objects after the
collision?

Momentum Kinetic energy

A 0 0
B 4Mv 0
C 0 3Mv2
D 4Mv 3Mv2

32. A stationary thoron nucleus (A = 200, Z = 90) emits an alpha particle with kinetic energy E a.
What is the kinetic energy of the recoiling nucleus?
Ea Ea
(A) (B)
108 110
E Ea
(C) a (D)
54 55
33. A ball of weight W slides along a smooth horizontal surface until it falls off the edge at time T.

Which graph represents how the resultant vertical force F, acting on the ball, varies with time t
as the ball moves from position X to position Y?

34. The diagram shows two spheres of masses 2 kg and 3 kg moving at constant speed along a
straight line towards one another.
 The speeds of the spheres are 4 ms-1 and 6 ms-1 respectively.
The spheres collide elastically.
Which statement explains why the spheres cannot come to rest at the same time?
(A) The impulses during the collision are not equal and opposite.
(B) The masses of the two spheres are not equal.
(C) The momenta of the spheres are not equal and opposite.
(D) The speeds of the spheres are not equal
35. A stationary 238U nucleus decay by a emission generating a total kinetic energy T.
238 234 4
92 U→ 90 Th+ 2a
What is the kinetic energy of the a-particle?
(A) Slightly less than T/2 (B) T/2
(C) Slightly less than T (D) Slightly greater than T
36. A car is accelerated from rest by a constant force. It is also experiencing a drag force
proportional to its speed.
Which graph best represents the variation of the acceleration a of the car with time t?

37. The graph shows the variation with time of the momentum of a ball as it is kicked in a straight
line.

Initially, the momentum is P1 at time t1. At time t2 the momentum is P2.

P 1−P2 P 1−P2
(A) (B)
t2 t 2−t 1
P 1+ P 2 P 1+ P 2
(C) (D)
t2 t 2−t 1
38. A particle of mass m travelling with velocity u collides elastically and head-on with a stationary
particle of mass M.
 mu
(A) u (B)
M
2 mu ( M −m)u
(C) (D)
M+m M +m
39. A molecule of mass m travels with velocity +u directly towards a stationary molecule of mass
4m and collides elastically with it.
What is the velocity of the molecule of mass m after the collision?
+u −3
(A) (B) u
5 5
−4
(C) u (D) −u
5
40. A proton (mass 1u) travelling with velocity +0.100 c collides elastically head-on with a helium
nucleus (mass 4u) travelling with velocity -0.050c.

What are the velocities of each particle after the collision?

Proton Helium nucleus

A -0.140C +0.010C
B +0.140C +0.010C
C +0.233C -0.083C
D -0.233C +0.083C
41. Two spheres of the same size but different mass make head-on collisions. The black sphere is
half the mass of the white sphere. In each collision, one of the masses is initially at rest and both
masses move after the collision.
In which situation is the collision perfectly elastic?
42. A trolley of mass 6.0 kg travelling at a speed of 5.0 ms-1 collides head-on and locks together with
another trolley of mass 10 kg which is travelling in the opposite direction at a speed of 3.0 ms-1.
The collision lasts for 0.20 s.

What is the total momentum of the two trolleys before the collision and the average force acting
on each trolley during this collision?

Total momentum before Average force on

collision/kg ms-1 each trolley/N
A 0 300
B 60 150
C 0 150
D 60 300
43. A beam of particles or radiation is directed horizontally into vertical gravitational, electric and
magnetic fields in turn.

The table shows features of the force on the beam and the shape of the beam in each case.

Gravitational Electric field Magnetic field

field
Force shape of Negligible a Upwards a Out of the page
beam horizontal line curve a circle
Which particle or radiation are used in the beam?
(A) Alpha particles (B) Beta particles
(C) Gamma rays (D) Protons
44. A sky-diver jumps from an aircraft. The earth exerts a downward force FE on the sky-diver who
also exerts an upward force FS in the earth.

(A) The magnetic of FE > the magnetic of FS

(B) The magnetic of FE < the magnetic of FS
(C) The magnitude of FE = the magnetic of FS and they cancel each other out
(D) The magnitude of FE = the magnitude of FS and they do not cancel each other out