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Common Library Functions in C

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8 views

Common Library Functions in C

Uploaded by

muhammadaflah23524
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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In C programming, leveraging library functions is essential for building efficient and versatile

programs. These pre-defined functions, grouped in header files, provide a rich set of
functionalities to perform various tasks without reinventing the wheel. Here's a breakdown of
some commonly used library functions in C:

1. Mathematical Functions (math.h header):

● Trigonometric Functions:
○ sin(x): Sine of angle x (in radians).
○ cos(x): Cosine of angle x (in radians).
○ tan(x): Tangent of angle x (in radians).
○ asin(x): Arcsine (inverse sine) of x.
○ acos(x): Arccosine (inverse cosine) of x.
○ atan(x): Arctangent (inverse tangent) of x.
● Exponential and Logarithmic Functions:
○ exp(x): Raises e (Euler's number) to the power of x.
○ log(x): Natural logarithm (base-e) of x.
○ log10(x): Base-10 logarithm of x.
● Power Function:
○ pow(x, y): Raises x to the power of y.
● Rounding and Absolute Value Functions:
○ ceil(x): Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to x.
○ floor(x): Returns the largest integer less than or equal to x.
○ round(x): Rounds x to the nearest integer.
○ abs(x): Returns the absolute value (non-negative) of x.
● Square Root:
○ sqrt(x): Square root of x.
● Other Functions:
○ fmod(x, y): Remainder of floating-point division x / y.
○ remainder(x, y): Integer remainder of division x / y.

2. Input/Output (I/O) Operations (stdio.h header):

● Formatted Input/Output:
○ printf(format, ...): Prints formatted output to the console or a file. The format string
specifies placeholders for arguments (...) that are inserted during printing.
○ scanf(format, ...): Reads formatted input from the console or a file. The format string
specifies the expected format of input, and arguments (...) store the read values.
● Character I/O:
○ getchar(): Reads a single character from the console.
○ putchar(c): Writes a single character c to the console.
● File I/O:
○ fopen(filename, mode): Opens a file named filename in the specified mode (e.g., "r" for
reading, "w" for writing). Returns a file pointer if successful.
○ fclose(fp): Closes the file pointed to by fp.
○ fscanf(fp, format, ...): Reads formatted data from a file pointed to by fp.
○ fprintf(fp, format, ...): Writes formatted data to a file pointed to by fp.
3. String Manipulation (string.h header):

● strlen(str): Returns the length (number of characters) of the string str (excluding the null
terminator).
● strcpy(dest, src): Copies the string src (including the null terminator) to dest. (Caution:
potential buffer overflow if dest is too small)
● strcat(dest, src): Appends the string src to the end of dest. (Caution: potential buffer overflow)
● strcmp(str1, str2): Compares strings str1 and str2. Returns 0 if equal, negative if str1 is less
than str2, positive if str1 is greater than str2.
● strstr(haystack, needle): Searches for the first occurrence of the string needle within
haystack. Returns a pointer to the beginning of the substring if found, or NULL if not found.
● Additional String Functions:
○ strncpy(dest, src, num): Copies at most num characters from src to dest, padding with null
characters if src is shorter.
○ `strn

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