PART MODELLING AIM: To create a given part as a 3D solid model using CATIA V5 software. HARDWARE REQUIRED 1. CPU with Intel I3 processor. 2. A colour monitor with highest 32-bit colour display and with screen resolution 1024 by 768 pixels. 3. A scroll mouse. 4. Keyboard SOFTWARE REQUIRED 1. Windows 7 operating system 2. CATIA V5 WORKING STEP: Procedure: 1. Initially draw a rectangle of length 120mm and breadth 15mm in xy-plane (F.V) and constraint it to the centre. 2. As there is a slot in the bottom, take another rectangle of length 60mm and breadth 5mm in the bottom of the first rectangle. Trim the unwanted part. 3. Exit Workbench, by using the ‘pad’ option from surface based future toolbar create a pad depth of 80 mm, a solid body of base has been created. 4. Now return to the sketcher and draw two concentric circles above the rectangle. Inner circle diameter D=50mm, Outer circle diameter D=70mm. the vertical distance from centre of circle to rectangle is 60mm and the horizontal distance is 30mm. 5. Now, construct another rectangle for the web between concentric circles and the initial rectangle. Its distance is 60mm from the centre of the circles and width is 10mm. 6. By using the ‘pad’ option with thickness 60mm, project the body. 7. For constructing the slant web, return to sketcher and use the option ‘project 3D element’ and select 3 references to get 3D body directly. Those 3 references are outer circle, top line of horizontal rectangle and left side of vertical web. 8. From left corner of horizontal rectangle, at 35mm, draw a line tangent to the outer circle. Now trim the unwanted part. 9. Now, by using ‘pad’ option, with thickness of 10mm, project the body. 10. From the top view, draw 4 circles on the 4 corners with diameter 10mm. Distance from both vertical and horizontal sides to centre of 4 circles is 15mm. By using the ‘pocket’ option, we get the holes. 11. Edit and save if necessary. 12. Exit the CATIA software. 13. Log off the system. Precautions: 1. Constraints has to be applied very carefully while crating the profiles. 2. Computer hardware should be handled carefully at the time of working. RESULT: Thus, the 3D solid model the part has been created on the software CATIA V5 with accurate dimension and with all respects.
Figure: Details of the part model
EXPERIMENT-II PART MODELLING AIM: To create a given part as a 3D solid model using CATIA V5 software. HARDWARE REQUIRED 1. CPU with Intel I3 processor. 2. A colour monitor with highest 32-bit colour display and with screen resolution 1024 by 768 pixels. 3. A scroll mouse. 4. Keyboard SOFTWARE REQUIRED 1. Windows 7 operating system 2. CATIA V5 WORKING STEP: Procedure: 1. Draw a rectangle of length 175 mm and breadth of 20 mm and constraint it to the centre. For getting the required slot, draw another rectangle in the initial rectangle with length 75 mm and breadth 10 mm and trim unrequired parts. 2. With the help of 'PAD' option and thickness of 90 mm, project the body as given in the diagram. 3. As there are two small inclined webs in the bottom and top of the body, return to the sketcher. With the help of ' project the 3D element' option and by choosing the top horizontal line and vertical line, draw a line which connects both the corners. 4. Through 'PAD' option, project this inclined web. By correcting the dimensions, we can get the required slant web above. Similar process is to be followed for getting the bottom slant web. 5. As there are four holes on the four sides of the body, return to sketcher by choosing the required plane. Construct 4 circles on the 4 corners of the rectangle with diameter 12 mm. The distance of the circle from left or right side of rectangle is 20 mm and the distance between the two adjacent circles is 50 mm. The distance circles from top or bottom is 15 mm. 6. Through 'hole' option and with a depth of 20 mm, we get the required holes. 7. Now return to sketcher and construct a rectangle in the middle with length 45 mm and breadth 75 mm and project it by using 'PAD' option. We can get as required in the diagram by setting the dimensions. 8. Return to the sketcher by going to the top view of the body, draw concentric circles with diameter 20 mm and 40 mm. The distance of centre of the circles to the top side of the rectangle is 0 and to the left is 22.5 mm. Trim the outer circle at the inner half. 9. Using 'PAD' option, project the outer circle. By using ' POCKET' option, project the inner circle. 10. For constructing the middle slant web, go to top view of the body. With the help of ' project the 3D element' and choosing horizontal line, vertical line and circle, draw a line tangent to the circle. Trim the unrequired parts. By using the 'PAD' option and adjusting the dimensions, we can get the required slant web. 11. Edit and save if necessary. 12. Exit the CATIA software. 13. Log off the system. Precautions: 1. Constraints has to be applied very carefully while crating the profiles. 2. Computer hardware should be handled carefully at the time of working.
RESULT: Thus, the 3D solid model the part has been created on the software CATIA V5 with accurate dimension and with all respects
Figure: Details of the part model
EXPERIMENT-III
AIRCRAFT WING
AIM: To create a given part as a 3D solid model using CATIA V5 software. HARDWARE REQUIRED 1. CPU with Intel I3 processor. 2. A colour monitor with highest 32-bit colour display and with screen resolution 1024 by 768 pixels. 3. A scroll mouse. 4. Keyboard SOFTWARE REQUIRED 1. Windows 7 operating system 2. CATIA V5 WORKING STEP: Procedure: 1. Initially to draw the aerofoil, we can get the dimensional details from the internet and we can download it to the Microsoft Excel. 2. Choose xy-plane and go to mechanical design and then to part design in the CATIA and in the excel sheet choose macros. There choose GSD point in the below and click on the ‘run’ option. 3. Now we can get an aerofoil directly in the CATIA. 4. By choosing ‘pad’ option project the body. 5. By choosing ‘rectangular frame’ option, give 6 aerofoils to be designed with thickness of 5mm each and the distance between each aerofoil is 40mm. 6. Return to sketcher by choosing the initial aerofoil. For getting spars, construct ‘I’ sections in the front and rear of the aerofoil. For getting ribs, construct small rectangles on the top of the aerofoil. 7. By using ’pad’ option, project these ribs and spars. 8. Now for getting the wing cover, go to ‘mechanical design’ and then to ‘wireframe and surface design’. Choose ‘extrude’ option on xy-plane. 9. Hence, aircraft wing is designed. 10. Edit and save if necessary. 11. Exit the CATIA software. 12. Log off the system.
Precautions: 1. Constraints has to be applied very carefully while crating the profiles. 2. Computer hardware should be handled carefully at the time of working.
RESULT: Thus, the 3D solid model the part has been created on the software CATIA V5 with accurate dimension and with all respects figure: normal view in x y plane
figure: final view of aircraft wing
EXPERIMENT-VI STATIC STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ON BEAM AIM: Static Structural analysis on a beam by using ANSYS workbench. HARDWARE REQUIRED 1. CPU with Intel I3 processor. 2. A colour monitor with highest 32-bit colour display and with screen resolution 1024 by 768 pixels. 3. A scroll mouse. 4. Keyboard SOFTWARE REQUIRED 1. Windows 10 operating system 2. ANSYS 18.1 Procedure: Project Schematic 1. From the Toolbox, double-click “Static structural” to create a new Static structural analysis system. 2. Select the Geometry cell, then RMB (Right Mouse Button) > new design modular. 3. Double-click the Engineering Data cell and activate the Engineering Data Sources toolbar button. 4. Return to Project Schematic view. 5. From the Units menu, verify that “Metric (mm, kg, N, s, mV, mA)” and “Celsius (For Metric Systems)” are selected. 6. Go to sketching> draw> rectangle. a. again sketching> modify> trim. b. sketching> dimensions. 7. Constraint the total sketching. 8. Now extrude the sketch up to 750 mm> click on generate. 9. Save the project and come to project schematic. a. model> RMB> Edit. b. we can see project tree> mesh> click on mesh. c. in details view, select relevance=50, relevance center as medium in sizing. d. Click on generate. 10. Now go to project tree a. static structural> insert> fixed support. b. select the edges and apply fixed support. c. again static structural> insert> pressure d. give magnitude=5000 Pa. 11. Now go to project tree a. Go to solution> insert>>Deformation> total. b. again solution> insert> stress> normal. c. click on solve. 12. save the project.
Precautions: 1. Constraints has to be applied very carefully while crating the profiles. 2. Avoid sudden transition of cells while doing meshing of model. 3. Avoid generating of negative volume cells in mesh. 4. Computer hardware should be handled carefully at the time of working. Result: Static Structural analysis on a beam has been completed; the total deformation variation and stress variation values are noted for the given geometrical model by using ANSYS Workbench. total deformation Maximum: Minimum: stress Maximum: Minimum: Note: No Need to draw any diagrams attach all the Numerical Results Images at the end of the experiment.
fig: Geometry
fig: Mesh fig: Total Deformation fig: Normal Stress EXPERIMENT-IX STEADY STATE THERMAL ANALYSIS AIM: Steady state thermal analysis on a given geometrical model by using Ansys workbench. HARDWARE REQUIRED 1. CPU with Intel I3 processor. 2. A colour monitor with highest 32-bit colour display and with screen resolution 1024 by 768 pixels. 3. A scroll mouse. 4. Keyboard SOFTWARE REQUIRED 1. Windows 10 operating system 2. Ansys 18.1 WORKING STEPS: (Procedure) Assumptions • The pump housing is mounted to a pump that is held at a constant 60 °C. We will assume that the mating face on the pump housing is also held at this temperature. • The interior surfaces of the pump housing are held at the constant temperature of 90 °C by the contained fluid. • A simplified convection correlation for stagnant air at 20 °C will be applied to the exterior surfaces of the pump housing. Procedure: Project Schematic 1. From the Toolbox, double-click “Steady-State Thermal” to create a new Steady-State Thermal analysis system. 2. Select the Geometry cell, then RMB (Right Mouse Button) > Import Geometry > Browse… > “Pump_housing.stp” > Open. 3. Double-click the Engineering Data cell and activate the Engineering Data Sources toolbar button. 4. Select the General Materials data source. In the Outline view, click the ‘+’ symbols next to “Aluminium Alloy” and “Polyethylene” to add them to the project. 5. Return to Project Schematic view. 6. Double click the Model cell to open the Mechanical application. 7. From the Units menu, verify that “Metric (mm, kg, N, s, mV, mA)” and “Celsius (For Metric Systems)” are selected. 8. Assign material and mesh control to the pump housing. a. Expand the Geometry branch and select part “1.” b. In the Details view, assign the material “Polyethylene.” c. Select the Mesh branch and set Relevance to “100.” d. Set Element Size to “4 mm.” 9. Select the Steady-State Thermal branch, then: a. Use Extend to Limits to select the 13 interior surfaces of the pump housing. b. RMB (Right Mouse Button) > Insert > Temperature. c. In the Temperature Details view, set Magnitude to 90 °C. d. Select the mating surface of the pump housing. e. RMB > Insert > Temperature. f. In the Temperature Details view, set Magnitude to 60 ° 10. Apply Convection: a. Use Extend to Limits to select the 32 exterior surfaces of the pump housing. b. RMB > Insert > Convection. c. In the Convection Details view, click the arrow in the Film Coefficient data field and choose “Import Temperature Dependent…” from the fly-out menu. d. From the list of correlations, select the “Stagnant Air -Simplified Case” and click OK. e. Set the “Ambient Temperature” field to 20 °C. 11. Solve. Post processing 12. Insert Temperature and Total Heat Flux results, evaluate, and review results for the polyethylene pump housing:
Precautions: 1. Constraints has to be applied very carefully while crating the profiles. 2. Avoid sudden transition of cells while doing meshing of model. 3. Avoid generating of negative volume cells in mesh. 4. Computer hardware should be handled carefully at the time of working.
Result: Steady state thermal analysis has been completed; the temperatures variation and heat flux variation values are noted for the given geometrical model by using Ansys Workbench. Temperature Maximum: Minimum: Total Heat flux Maximum: Minimum: Note: No Need to draw any diagrams attach all the Numerical Results Images at the end of the experiment.
Figure: Contours of Temperature Variation
Figure: Contours of Total Heat flux variation EXPERIMENT-X FLOW OVER AN AIRFOIL AIM: Numerical simulation on flow over aerofoil by using Ansys Fluent. HARDWARE REQUIRED 1. CPU with Intel I3 processor. 2. A colour monitor with highest 32-bit colour display and with screen resolution 1024 by 768 pixels. 3. A scroll mouse. 4. Keyboard SOFTWARE REQUIRED 1. Windows 10 operating system 2. Ansys 18.1 WORKING STEPS: (Procedure) 1.Geometry (a). Launch Design Modeler Specify the problem as a 2D problem Right click and select Properties . In the Properties of Schematic A2: Geometry Window, select Analysis Type > 2D . Now, double click to launch the Design Modeler. When prompted, select Meters as the unit of measurement.
(b). Airfoil First, create the geometry of the airfoil. Concept > 3D Curve. In the Details View window, click Coordinates File and select the ellipsis to browse to a file. Browse to and select the geometry file you downloaded earlier. select the desired geometry file, click to create the curve. Click to get a better look at the curve. Creating a surface from the curve just generated. Go to Concepts > Surfaces from Edges. Click anywhere on the curve just created, and select Edges > Apply in the Details View Window. Click to create the surface.
(c). Create C-Mesh Domain
Now that the airfoil has been generated,
Click to create a new coordinate system. In the Details View window, select Type > From Coordinates . For FD11, Point X , enter 1. Click to generate the new coordinate system. In the Tree Outline Window, select the new coordinate system created (defaulted to Plane 4 ), then click to create a new sketch. This will create a sketching plane on the XY plane with the tail of the airfoil as the origin. At the bottom of the Tree Outline Window, click the Sketching tab to bring up the sketching window. The first action is to create the arc of the C-Mesh domain. Click . To create the right side of the C-Mesh donain, click . Click the following points to create the rectangle in this order - where the arc meets the positive vertical axis, where the arc meets the negative vertical axis, then anywhere in the right half plane. Assign the arc a value of 12.5. Also, assign the horizontal dimension a value of 12.5. (d). Create Quadrants Break up the new surface into 4 quadrants
To begin, select Plane 4 in the Tree Outline Window, and click . Open the sketching menu, and select . Draw a line on the vertical axis that intersects the entire C mesh. Trim away the lines that are beyond the C-Mesh,
Next, go to Concepts > Lines from Sketches. Select the line and click Base Objects > Apply , followed by . Project the lines onto the surface. Go to Tools > Projection . Select Edges press Ctrl and select on the vertical line then press Apply . Next, select Target and select the C-Mesh surface, then click Apply .Once click , Repeat this process to create 2 more projections: one projection the line left of the origin onto the left surface, and one projecting the right line on the right surface. When finished, the geometry should be split into 4 parts.
Suppress the line bodies by right clicking in the tree. The surface body to be transferred to the mesher. The geometry is finished. Save the project and close the design modeller. 2. Mesh (a) Mapped Face Meshing Mesh to bring up the Meshing Toolbar. In the Meshing Toolbar, select Mesh Control > Mapped Face Meshing. Making sure the face selection filter is selected , select all four faces, in the Details view Window select Geometry > Apply.
(b) Edge Sizing
apply edge sizing controls to all of the edges of the mesh. To begin, go to Mesh Control > Sizing. Next, click the edge selection filter . Once the edges are selected, in the Details View Window select Geometry > Apply. Next, select Type > Number of Divisions. Change the Number of Divisions to 50. Select Behavior > Hard. So select the first bias type: Bais > ----- — - -, and give the edge sizing a Bias Factor of 150. Finally, create a third edge sizing, and select the rounded edges as the geometry. Again, select Type > Number of Divisions, and change Number of Divisions to 100. Select Behavior > Hard. This time, we will not bias the edges. Now, select Mesh > Generate to generate the mesh. It should look like this.
Create Named Selections
airfoil inlet outlet
3. Physics Setup (a) Launch the Solver Return to the Project Outline window. Now, click . This will load the mesh into FLUENT. Now, double click Setup. The Fluent Launcher Window should open. Check the box marked Double Precision.
(b). Select the Solver
Click OK to launch Fluent. Select Problem Setup > General. Under Solver, select Density-Based.
(d) Models and Materials
Problem Setup > Models > Viscous-Laminar. Then press Edit... Select Inviscid and press OK. Problem Setup > Materials > (double click) Air.
Under Properties, density is set to Constant and enter 1 kg/m^3 as the density. Click Change/Create to set the density. (e) Boundary Conditions Inlet Problem Setup > Boundary Conditions. Select Inlet > velocity-inlet: Velocity Specification Method > Components. Specify X-Velocity as 0.9945 m/s and Y-Velocity as 0.1045 m/s. press OK
Outlet Select Outlet > pressure-outlet: and ensure that the Gauge Pressure is defaulted to 0. this window.
Airfoil select airfoil. Select Type > Wall
(f) Reference Values
Problem Setup > Reference Values. In the Reference Values Window, select Compute From > Inlet.
4. Numerical Solution (a). Methods Solution > Solution Methods. under Flow the selection is Second Order Upwind. (b). Monitors Solution > Monitors. Residuals, Statistic, and Force Monitors. Select Residuals - Print, Plot and press Edit. In the Residual Monitors Window, we want to change all of the Absolute Criteria to 1e-6. (c) Initial Guess Solution > Solution Initialization. In the Solution Initialization Window, select Compute From > Inlet. Initialize the solution by clicking Initialize. (d). Solve Solution > Run Calculation. Change Number of Iterations to 3000, then double click Calculate. 5.Numerical Results (a). Velocity Results > Graphics and Animations. In the Graphics and Animations Window, select Vectors and click Set Up.... Vectors of > Velocity, Color by > Velocity, and set the second box as Velocity Magnitude. To see the velocity vectors, press Display. Save The Results (b). Pressure Contours Results > Graphics and Animations again, and in the Graphics and Animations Window,select Contours. Click Set Up... to bring up the Contours Menu. Check the box next to Filled. Under Contours Of, ensure that the two boxes that are selected are Pressure... and Static Pressure. press Display to see the pressure contours. Save The Results (c). Streamlines Contours Of box to Velocity, and the box below to Stream Function. Change Levels to 100. Also, uncheck the box marked Auto Range, and set Min(kg/s) to 13.11, and Max(kg/s) to 14.16 To view the streamlines, press Display Save The Results
(d). Pressure Coefficient
Results > Plots to open up the Plots Window. Under Plots, select XY Plot, and click Set Up.... In the window that pops up, change the settings Y-Axis Function > Pressure, and change the second box to Pressure Coefficient. Ensure X-Axis Function > Direction Vector. Under Surfaces, select airfoil. press Plot to plot the data to the command window. To save the data to a text file, check the box next to Write to File.
(e). Coefficients of Lift and Drag
Results > Reports to bring up the Reports Window. In the Reports Window, select Forcesand click Set Up.... In the Force Reports window change the Direction Vector such that X > .9945 and Y > .1045. Click Print to print the drag coefficient to the command window. To print the lift coefficient, in the Force Reports window change the Direction Vector such that X > -.1045 and Y > .9945. Again, press Print.
Precautions: 1. Constraints has to be applied very carefully while crating the profiles. 2. Avoid sudden transition of cells while doing meshing of model. 3. Avoid generating of negative volume cells in mesh. 4. Computer hardware should be handled carefully at the time of working. Result: The flow over an aerofoil has completed by using Ansys Workbench 18.1. Cl max = Cd max = Cp = Note: No Need to draw any diagrams attach all the Numerical Results Images at the end of the experiment.
