GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

B.Pharm
SEMESTER: II
Subject Name: Human Anatomy and Physiology II
Subject Code: BP201TP

Scope: This subject is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on the structure and functions of
the various systems of the human body. It also helps in understanding both homeostatic mechanisms.
The subject provides the basic knowledge required to understand the various disciplines of pharmacy

Objectives: Upon completion of the course student shall be able to

1. Explain the gross morphology, structure and functions of various organs of the human body.
2. Describe the various homeostatic mechanisms and their imbalances.
3. Identify the various tissues and organs of different systems of human body.
4. Perform the hematological tests like blood cell counts, haemoglobin estimation,
bleeding/clotting time etc and also record blood pressure, heart rate, pulse and respiratory
volume.
5. Appreciate coordinated working pattern of different organs of each system
6. Appreciate the interlinked mechanisms in the maintenance of normal functioning
(homeostasis) of human body.

Sr No Topics %
weightage
1. Nervous system: 10
Organization of nervous system, neuron, neuroglia, classification and
properties of nerve fibre, electrophysiology, action potential, nerve
impulse, receptors, synapse, neurotransmitters
Central nervous system: Meninges, ventricles of brain and cerebrospinal
fluid.structure and functions of brain (cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum),
spinal cord (gross structure, functions of afferent and efferent nerve
tracts,reflex activity)
2. 
Digestive system 6
Anatomy of GI Tract with special reference to anatomy and functions of
stomach, ( Acid production in the stomach, regulation of acid production
through parasympathetic nervous system, pepsin role in protein
digestion) small intestine and large intestine, anatomy and functions of
salivary glands, pancreas and liver, movements of GIT, digestion and
absorption of nutrients and disorders of GIT
Energetics:
Formation and role of ATP, Creatinine Phosphate and BMR.
3. Respiratory system 10
Anatomy of respiratory system with special reference to anatomy of
lungs, mechanism of respiration, regulation of respiration
Lung Volumes and capacities transport of respiratory gases, artificial
respiration, and resuscitation methods

Urinary system
Anatomy of urinary tract with special reference to anatomy of kidney and
nephrons, functions of kidney and urinary tract, physiology of urine

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 formation, micturition reflex and role of kidneys in acid base balance, role
of RAS in kidney and disorders of kidney
4. Endocrine system 10
Classification of hormones, mechanism of hormone action, structure and
functions of pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal
gland, pancreas, pineal gland, thymus and their disorders
5. Reproductive system 9
Anatomy of male and female reproductive system, Functions of male and
female reproductive system, sex hormones, physiology of menstruation,
fertilization, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, pregnancy and parturition.
Introduction to genetics
Chromosomes, genes and DNA, protein synthesis, genetic pattern of
inheritance

Practical

Practical physiology is complimentary to the theoretical discussions in physiology. Practicals

allow the verification of physiological processes discussed in theory classes through experiments
on living tissue, intact animals or normal human beings. This is helpful for developing an insight
on the subject.

1. To study the integumentary and special senses using specimen, models, etc.,
2. To study the nervous system using specimen, models, etc.,
3. To study the endocrine system using specimen, models, etc
4. To demonstrate the general neurological examination
5. To demonstrate the function of olfactory nerve
6. To examine the different types of taste.
7. To demonstrate the visual acuity
8. To demonstrate the reflex activity
9. Recording of body temperature
10. To demonstrate positive and negative feedback mechanism
11. Determination of tidal volume and vital capacity
12. Study of digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular systems, urinary and reproductive
systems with the help of models, charts and specimens
13. Recording of basal mass index
14. Study of family planning devices and pregnancy diagnosis test
15. Demonstration of total blood count by cell analyser
16. Permanent slides of vital organs and gonads

Recommended Books (Latest Editions)

1. Essentials of Medical Physiology by K. Sembulingam and P. Sembulingam. Jaypee
brothers medical publishers, New Delhi
2. Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness by Kathleen J.W. Wilson, Churchill
Livingstone, New York
3. Physiological basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams & Wilkins
Co,Riverview,MI USA
4. Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C,Guyton andJohn.E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH,
U.S.A
5. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora Grabowski. Palmetto, GA, U.S.A

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 6. Textbook of Human Histology by Inderbir Singh, Jaypee brothers medical publishers,
New Delhi
7. Textbook of Practical Physiology by C.L. Ghai, Jaypee brothers medical publishers,
New Delhi
8. Practical workbook of Human Physiology by K. Srinageswari and Rajeev Sharma,
Jaypee brother’s medical publishers, New Delhi

Reference Books:
1. Physiological basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams & Wilkins Co,
Riverview, MI USA
2. Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C, Guyton and John. E. Hall. Miamisburg,
OH, U.S.A
3. Human Physiology (vol 1 and 2) by Dr. C.C. Chatterrje ,Academic Publishers Kolkat

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www.remixeducation.in
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
B.Pharm
SEMESTER: II
Subject Name: Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I
Subject Code: BP202TP

Scope: This subject deals with classification and nomenclature of simple organic compounds,
structural isomerism, intermediates forming in reactions, important physical properties, reactions and
methods of preparation of these compounds. The syllabus also emphasizes on mechanisms and
orientation of reactions.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to

1. write the structure, name and the type of isomerism of the organic compound
2. write the reaction, name the reaction and orientation of reactions
3. account for reactivity/stability of compounds
4. identify/confirm the identification of organic compound

Course Content:
General methods of preparation and reactions of compounds superscripted with asterisk (*) to be explained

To emphasize on definition, types, classification, principles/mechanisms, applications, examples and

differences

Sr No Topics %
weightage
1. Classification, nomenclature and isomerism: 7
Classification of Organic Compounds
Common and IUPAC systems of nomenclature of organic compounds (up to
10 Carbons open chain and carbocyclic compounds)
Structural isomerisms in organic compounds
2. Alkanes*, Alkenes* and Conjugated dienes*: 10
SP hybridization in alkanes, Halogenation of alkanes, uses of paraffins,
Stabilities of alkenes, SP hybridization in alkenes, E1 and E2 reactions – kinetics,
order of reactivity of alkyl halides, rearrangement of carbocations, Saytzeffs
orientation and evidences. E1 verses E2 reactions, Factors affecting E1 and E2
reactions. Ozonolysis, electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes,
Markownikoff’s orientation, free radical addition reactions of alkenes, Anti
Markownikoff’s orientation.
Stability of conjugated dienes, Diel-Alder, electrophilic addition, free radical
addition reactions of conjugated dienes, allylic rearrangement
3. Alkyl halides*: SN1 and SN2 reactions - kinetics, order of reactivity of alkyl 10
halides, stereochemistry and rearrangement of carbocations
SN1 versus SN2 reactions, Factors affecting SN1 and SN2 reactions
Structure and uses of ethylchloride, Chloroform, trichloroethylene,
tetrachloroethylene, dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane and iodoform
Alcohols*- Qualitative tests, Structure and uses of Ethyl alcohol, Methyl
alcohol, chlorobutanol, Cetosteryl alcohol, Benzyl alcohol, Glycerol, Propylene
glycol
4. Carbonyl compounds* (Aldehydes and ketones): Nucleophilic addition, 10
Electromeric effect, aldol condensation, Crossed Aldol condensation,
Cannizzaro reaction, Crossed Cannizzaro reaction, Benzoin condensation,
Perkin condensation, qualitative tests, Structure and uses of Formaldehyde,

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 Paraldehyde, Acetone, Chloral hydrate, Hexamine, Benzaldehyde, Vanilin,
Cinnamaldehyde
5. Carboxylic acids*: Acidity of carboxylic acids, effect of substituents on acidity, 8
inductive effect and qualitative tests for carboxylic acids ,amide and ester
Structure and Uses of Acetic acid, Lactic acid, Tartaric acid, Citric acid,
Succinic acid. Oxalic acid, Salicylic acid, Benzoic acid, Benzyl benzoate,
Dimethyl phthalate, Methyl salicylate and Acetyl salicylic acid
Aliphatic amines* - Basicity, effect of substituent on Basicity. Qualitative test,
Structure and uses of Ethanolamine, Ethylenediamine, Amphetamine

Systematic qualitative analysis of unknown organic compounds like:

1. Preliminary test: Color, odour, aliphatic/aromatic compounds, saturation and
unsaturation, etc
2. Detection of elements like Nitrogen, Sulphur and Halogen by Lassaigne’s test
3. Solubility test
4. Functional group test like Phenols, Amides/ Urea, Carbohydrates, Amines, Carboxylic
acids, Aldehydes and Ketones, Alcohols, Esters, Aromatic and Halogenated
Hydrocarbons, Nitro compounds and Anilides
5. Melting point/Boiling point of organic compounds
6. Identification of the unknown compound from the literature using melting point/ boiling
point
7. Preparation of the derivatives and confirmation of the unknown compound by melting
point/ boiling point
8. Minimum 5 unknown organic compounds to be analysed systematically
9. Preparation of suitable solid derivatives from organic compounds
10. Construction of molecular models

Recommended Books (Latest Editions)

1. Organic Chemistry by Morrison and Boyd

2. Organic Chemistry by I.L. Finar , Volume-I
3. Textbook of Organic Chemistry by B.S. Bahl & Arun Bahl.
4. Organic Chemistry by P.L.Soni
5. Practical Organic Chemistry by Mann and Saunders.
6. Vogel’s text book of Practical Organic Chemistry
7. Advanced Practical organic chemistry by N.K.Vishnoi.
8. Introduction to Organic Laboratory techniques by Pavia, Lampman and Kriz.
9. Reaction and reaction mechanism by Ahluwaliah/Chatwal.

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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
B.Pharm
SEMESTER: II
Subject Name: Pharmaceutical Engineering
Subject Code: BP203TP

Scope: This course is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the art and science of
various unit operations used in pharmaceutical industry.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to

1. To know various unit operations used in Pharmaceutical industries.
2. To understand the material handling techniques.
3. To perform various processes involved in pharmaceutical manufacturing process.
4. To carry out various test to prevent environmental pollution.
5. To appreciate and comprehend significance of plant lay out design for optimum use of
resources.
6. To appreciate the various preventive methods used for corrosion control in Pharmaceutical
industries

Sr No Topics %
weightage
1. Flow of fluids: Types of manometers, Reynolds number and its significance, 10
Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications, Energy losses, Orifice meter,
Venturimeter, Pitot tube and Rotometer.
Size Reduction: Objectives, Mechanisms & Laws governing size reduction,
factors affecting size reduction, principles, construction, working, uses, merits
and demerits of Hammer mill, ball mill, fluid energy mill, Edge runner mill &
end runner mill.
Size Separation: Objectives, applications & mechanism of size
separation, official standards of powders, sieves, size separation
Principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Sieve shaker,
cyclone separator, Air separator, Bag filter & elutriation tank
2. Heat Transfer: Objectives, applications & Heat transfer mechanisms. 10
Fourier’s law, Heat transfer by conduction, convection & radiation. Heat
interchangers & heat exchangers.
Evaporation: Objectives, applications and factors influencing evaporation,
differences between evaporation and other heat process. principles,
construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Steam jacketed kettle,
horizontal tube evaporator, climbing film evaporator, forced circulation
evaporator, multiple effect evaporator& Economy of multiple effect evaporator
Distillation: Basic Principles and methodology of simple distillation,flash
distillation, fractional distillation, distillation under reduced pressure, steam
distillation & molecular distillation
3. Drying: Objectives, applications & mechanism of drying process, 8
measurements & applications of Equilibrium Moisture content, rate of
drying curve. principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits
of Tray dryer, drum dryer spray dryer, fluidized bed dryer, vacuum dryer,
freeze dryer
Mixing: Objectives, applications & factors affecting mixing, Difference
between solid and liquid mixing, mechanism of solid mixing, liquids
mixing and semisolids mixing. Principles, Construction, Working, uses,
Merits and Demerits of Double cone blender, twin shell blender, ribbon

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 blender, Sigma blade mixer, planetary mixers, Propellers, Turbines,
Paddles & Silverson Emulsifier
4. Filtration: Objectives, applications, Theories & Factors influencing 8
filtration, filter aids, filter medias. Principle, Construction, Working,
Uses, Merits and demerits of plate & frame filter, filter leaf, rotary drum
filter, Meta filter & Cartridge filter, membrane filters and Seidtz filter
Centrifugation: Objectives, principle & applications of Centrifugation,
principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Perforated
basket centrifuge, Non-perforated basket centrifuge, semi continuous
centrifuge & super centrifuge.
5. Materials of pharmaceutical plant construction, Corrosion and its 7
prevention: Factors affecting during materials selected for
Pharmaceutical plant construction, Theories of corrosion, types of
corrosion and there prevention. Ferrous and nonferrous metals,
inorganic and organic non metals, basic of material handling systems.

Recommended Books (Latest Editions)

1. Introduction to chemical engineering – Walter L Badger & Julius Banchero, Latest edition.
2. Solid phase extraction, Principles, techniques and applications by Nigel J.K. Simpson-Latest
edition.
3. Unit operation of chemical engineering – Mcabe Smith, Latest edition.
4. Pharmaceutical engineering principles and practices – C.V.S Subrahmanyam et al., Latest
edition.
5. Remington practice of pharmacy- Martin, Latest edition.
6. Theory and practice of industrial pharmacy by Lachmann., Latest edition.
7. Physical pharmaceutics- C.V.S Subrahmanyam et al., Latest edition.
8. Cooper and Gunn’s Tutorial pharmacy, S.J. Carter, Latest edition

Practical:

1. Determination of radiation constant of brass, iron, unpainted and painted glass

2. Steam distillation – To calculate the efficiency of steam distillation.
3. To determine the overall heat transfer coefficient by heat exchanger
4. Construction of drying curves (for calcium carbonate and starch).
5. Determination of moisture content and loss on drying.
6. Determination of humidity of air – i) From wet and dry bulb temperatures –use of Dew point
method
7. Description of Construction working and application of Pharmaceutical Machinery such as
rotary tablet machine, fluidized bed coater, fluid energy mill, de humidifier
8. Size analysis by sieving – To evaluate size distribution of tablet granulations – Construction of
various size frequency curves including arithmetic andlogarithmic probability plots
9. Size reduction: To verify the laws of size reduction using ball mill and determining Kicks,
Rittinger’s, Bond’s coefficients, power requirement and critical speed of Ball Mill
10. Demonstration of colloid mill, planetary mixer, fluidized bed dryer, freeze dryer and such
othermajor equipment
11. Factors affecting Rate of Filtration and Evaporation (Surface area, Concentration and Thickness/
viscosity
12. To study the effect of time on the Rate of Crystallization.
13. To calculate the uniformity Index for given sample by using Double Cone Blender

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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
B.Pharm
SEMESTER: II
Subject Name: Computer Applications in Pharmacy
Subject Code: BP204TP

Scope: This subject deals with the introduction Database, Database Management system,
computer application in clinical studies and use of databases.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to

1. know the various types of application of computers in pharmacy
2. know the various types of databases
3. know the various applications of databases in pharmacy

Sr No Topics %
weightage
1. Number system: Binary number system, Decimal number system, Octal 6
number system, Hexadecimal number systems, conversion decimal to binary,
binary to decimal, octal to binary etc, binary addition, binary subtraction – One’s
complement ,Two’s complement method, binary multiplication, binary division
Concept of Information Systems and Software : Information gathering,
requirement and feasibility analysis, data flow diagrams, process
specifications, input/output design, process life cycle, planning and
managing the project
2. Web technologies:Introduction to HTML, XML,CSS and Programming 6
languages, introduction to web servers and Server Products. Introduction
to databases, MYSQL, MS ACCESS, Pharmacy Drug database
3. Application of computers in Pharmacy – Drug information storage and 6
retrieval, Pharmacokinetics, Mathematical model in Drug design,
Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy, Electronic Prescribing and discharge
(EP) systems, barcode medicine identification and automated dispensing
of drugs, mobile technology and adherence monitoring
Diagnostic System, Lab-diagnostic System, Patient Monitoring System,
Pharma Information System
4. Bioinformatics: Introduction, Objective of Bioinformatics, 6
Bioinformatics Databases, Concept of Bioinformatics, Impact of
Bioinformatics in Vaccine Discovery
5. Computers as data analysis in Preclinical development: 6
Chromatographic dada analysis(CDS), Laboratory Information
management System (LIMS) and Text Information Management
System(TIMS)

Practical List:
1. Design a questionnaire using a word processing package to gather information
about a particular disease.
2. Create a HTML web page to show personal information.
3. Retrieve the information of a drug and its adverse effects using online tools

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 4. Creating mailing labels Using Label Wizard , generating label in MS WORD
5. Create a database in MS Access to store the patient information with the required
fields Using access
6. Design a form in MS Access to view, add, delete and modify the patient record in the
database
7. Generating report and printing the report from patient database
8. Creating invoice table using – MS Access
9. Drug information storage and retrieval using MS Access
10. Creating and working with queries in MS Access
11. Exporting Tables, Queries, Forms and Reports to web pages
12. Exporting Tables, Queries, Forms and Reports to XML pages

Recommended Books (Latest Editions)

1. Computer Application in Pharmacy – William E.Fassett –Lea and Febiger,
600 South Washington Square, USA, (215) 922-1330.
2. Computer Application in Pharmaceutical Research and Development –Sean Ekins
– Wiley-Interscience, A John Willey and Sons, INC., Publication, USA
3. Bioinformatics (Concept, Skills and Applications) – S.C.Rastogi-CBS Publishers
and Distributors, 4596/1- A, 11 Darya Gani, New Delhi – 110 002(INDIA)
4. Microsoft office Access - 2003, Application Development Using VBA, SQL
Server, DAP and Infopath – Cary N.Prague – Wiley Dreamtech India (P) Ltd.,
4435/7, Ansari Road, Daryagani, New Delhi - 110002

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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
B.Pharm
SEMESTER: II
Subject Name: Environmental Sciences
Subject Code: BP205TT

Scope: Environmental Sciences is the scientific study of the environmental system and the status of
its inherent or induced changes on organisms. It includes not only the study of physical and biological
characters of the environment but also the social and cultural factors and the impact of man on
environment.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to

1. Create the awareness about environmental problems among learners.
2. Impart basic knowledge about the environment and its allied problems.
3. Develop an attitude of concern for the environment.
4. Motivate learner to participate in environment protection and environment
improvement.
5. Acquire skills to help the concerned individuals in identifying and solving
environmental problems.
6. Strive to attain harmony with Nature

Sr No Topics %
weightage
1. The Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies 10
Natural Resources
Renewable and non-renewable resources:
Natural resources and associated problems
Forest resources; b) Water resources; c) Mineral resources; d) Food resources;
e) Energy resources; f) Land resources: Role of an individual in conservation of
natural resources
2. Ecosystems: 10
Concept of an ecosystem.
Structure and function of an ecosystem.
Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the
ecosystems: Forest ecosystem; Grassland ecosystem; Desert ecosystem;
Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)
3. Environmental Pollution: Air pollution; Water pollution; Soil pollution 10

Recommended Books (Latest Editions)

1. Y.K. Sing, Environmental Science, New Age International Pvt, Publishers, Bangalore
2. Agarwal, K.C. 2001 Environmental Biology, Nidi Publ. Ltd. Bikaner.
3. Bharucha Erach, The Biodiversity of India, Mapin Pu blishing Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad –
380 013, India,
4. Brunner R.C., 1989, Hazardous Waste Incineration, McGraw Hill Inc. 480p
5. Clark R.S., Marine Pollution, Clanderson Press Oxford
6. Cunningham, W.P. Cooper, T.H. Gorhani, E & Hepworth, M.T. 2001, Environmental
Encyclopedia, Jaico Publ. House, Mumbai, 1196p
7. De A.K., Environmental Chemistry, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
8. Down of Earth, Centre for Science and Environment

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