Gcse Q

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Q1. A student made measurements to determine the specific heat capacity of vegetable oil.

Figure 1 shows the equipment used.

Figure 1

(a) Describe how the student could use the equipment shown in Figure 1 to determine the
specific heat capacity of vegetable oil.

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(6)

(b) Give one risk when using the equipment in Figure 1.

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(1)

A different student did not have a joulemeter and calculated the energy transferred by the
electric heater.

Use the Physics Equations Sheet to answer parts (c) and (d).

(c) Write down the equation linking energy transferred (E), power (P) and time (t).

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(1)

(d) The electric heater had a power output of 50 watts.

Calculate the time taken for the electric element to transfer 4750 joules of energy to the
vegetable oil.

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Time taken = _______________ s


(3)
Q2. Figure 1 shows a student making potato soup.

Figure 1

(a) The student places 0.5 kg of potato into a pan of water. During cooking, the temperature
of the potato increases from 20 °C to 100 °C

The specific heat capacity of the potato is 3400 J/kg °C Calculate the change in thermal
energy of the potato.

Use the equation:

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × temperature change

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Change in thermal energy = ____________________ J


(3)

(b) Why is the energy supplied by the cooker greater than that calculated in part (a)?

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(1)

(c) Suggest one way that the student could reduce the time to heat the potato to 100 °C

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(1)

Figure 2 shows a food processor.

Figure 2

(d) The student places the cooked potato into the jug of the food processor.

The food processor contains a motor that spins blades to chop the potato.

The total power input to the motor is 500 W

The useful power output from the motor is 300 W

Calculate the efficiency of the motor in the food processor. Use the equation:

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Efficiency = ____________________
(2)

(e) The jug is made of plastic with a low thermal conductivity.

Explain why this is an advantage.

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(2)
(Total 9 marks)

Q3. A trampoline is made from a sheet of material held in place by stretched springs.

The figure below shows a child on a trampoline.

(a) Position A shows the child’s maximum height above the trampoline.

Position B shows the lowest position reached by the child when landing on the
trampoline.

Describe the changes to the stores of energy of the:

• child
• springs
• surroundings

as the child moves from position A to position B.

Child ______________________________________________________________

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Springs ____________________________________________________________

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Surroundings _______________________________________________________

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(4)

(b) When the child is at position A, each trampoline spring is stretched by 0.056 m

The elastic potential energy of each spring is 4.9 J

When the child is at position B, the elastic potential energy of each spring increases to
8.1 J

Calculate the extension of each spring when the child is at position B.

Use the Physics Equations Sheet.

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Extension = _______________ m
(5)

(c) As the child bounces on the trampoline the child does work.

What is the work done by the child equal to?

Tick (✓) one box.

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The average force applied by the child

The maximum force applied by the child

The total energy store of the child

The total energy transferred by the child

(1)
(Total 10 marks)

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Mark schemes

Q1.
(a) Level 3: The method would lead to the production of a valid outcome. All key
steps are identified and logically sequenced.
5−6

Level 2: The method would not necessarily lead to a valid outcome. Most
steps are identified, but the plan is not fully logically sequenced.
3−4

Level 1: The method would not lead to a valid outcome. Some relevant steps
are identified, but links are not made clear.
1−2

No relevant content
0

Indicative content

• measure mass of oil using the top pan balance


• measure start temperature of oil using the thermometer
• place beaker of oil on heater
• switch on heater to heat oil
• measure final temperature of oil using the thermometer
• measure energy transferred using joulemeter
• calculate increase in temperature (Δθ)
• use the equation E = mcΔθ to determine c

(b) burns / scalds


allow cuts from broken glass
ignore the heater / oil is hot
1

(c) power =

or

(d) 50 =

or

4750 = 50 × t
1

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1

t = 95 (s)
1

(e) thermistor
1

(f) 250 (Ω)


allow an answer in the range 240 (Ω) to 260 (Ω)
allow 1 mark for temperature = 160 (°C)
2

(g) the water will recover its original properties if the steam is cooled
1
[15]

Q2.
(a) 80 °C
1

ΔE = 0.5 × 3400 × 80
1

ΔE = 136 000 (J)


an answer of 136 000 (J) scores 3 marks
1

(b) energy is dissipated into the surroundings


allow any correct description of wasted energy
1

(c) put a lid on the pan


allow any sensible practical suggestion
eg add salt to the water
1

(d) efficiency = 300/500


1

efficiency = 0.6
an answer of 0.6 or 60% scores 2 marks
allow efficiency = 60%
an answer of 0.6 with a unit scores 1 mark
an answer of 60 without a unit scores 1 mark
1

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(e) lower rate of energy transfer
1

(so) potato soup will remain at a higher temperature


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[9]

Q3.
(a) Child
gravitational potential energy decreases
1

kinetic energy increases and then decreases to zero


1

Springs
elastic potential energy increases
ignore references to kinetic energy of the springs
1

Surroundings
internal / thermal store of energy increases
allow energy is dissipated
allow (average) kinetic energy of the particles increases
1
ignore descriptions of energy transfers before the child
reaches position A

(b) At position A
4.9 = 0.5 × k × 0.0562
1

k= = 3125 (N/m)
1

At position B
8.1 = 0.5 × 3125 × e2
allow a correct substitution of an incorrectly calculated value
of k using 0.056 m and 4.9 J
1

e=
allow e2 = 0.005184
allow a correct re-arrangement using an incorrectly
calculated value of k
1

e = 0.072 (m)

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allow an answer consistent with their calculated value of k
1

(c) the total energy transferred by the child


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