Standards

Industry Standards for
Drilling & Production Systems
Eric Wehner August 11- 2006

Primary Standards Bodies
for the Oil & Gas Industry
Other Standards Bodies
Referenced by API & ISO Specs
(USA)
(Norway)
(European Norm) (Germany) (British Stds Inst.)

Typical Regulatory Bodies
for the Oil & Gas Industry
UK-North Sea Norwegian Minerals Management

Petroleum Service - Offshore
Directorate
Texas Railroad
Commission –
Onshore
API Monogram Program
•Licenses are specific to product specs.
•Specific products are listed on
license.
•Requires certification of quality system
to API Q1 / ISO 29001.
•License applies only to one location.
•Audits by API every 3 years.
•Monogram applied by licensed facility
certifies compliance with product spec
& quality system requirements.
API Monogram Program
•Top three API specifications:
•5CT: Casing & tubing – 455 licenses
•6A: Wellhead & trees – 432 licenses
•6D: Pipeline valves - 415 licenses
•Top three countries:
•USA: 531 facilities, 980 licenses
•China: 484 facilities, 843 licenses
•India: 138 facilities, 277 licenses
•Licenses listed online & updated daily:
•Includes suspensions & cancellations
•Versatile search engine available
•Link from Cameron Quality website
Cameron International API Licenses
-more than any other company
API 6A Wellhead & Xmas Tree Equip. 27
API 6D Pipeline Valves 15
API 16A Drill-Through Equipment 14
API 16C Choke & Kill Systems 4
API 16D Drilling Controls Systems 2
API 16R Drilling Riser Couplings 1
API 17D Subsea Wellhead & Xmas Trees 12
API 17F Subsea Production Controls 1
API 11AX Downhole pump components 1
API 11B Sucker rods and couplings 1
Total For 33 API-licensed facilities: 78

Oil & Gas, Petrochemical Industry
Standards Bodies: Hierarchy
•AWHEM: Association of Wellhead Equipment Manufacturers
•20-30 member companies
•API: American Petroleum Institute
•Major oil companies + some manufacturers
•ANSI: American National Standards Institute
•Includes API, ASME, ASTM, others
•ISO: International Standards Organization
•Countries participate through national bodies (ANSI)
Standards Bodies: Hierarchy
ISO
ANSI
API
AWHEM
Why do we need standards?
Standards Development:
Evolution of Goals
•1930-1960: Interchangeability
-Flange dimensions & standard connections
-Sizes and pressure ratings
•1960-1980: Safety
-Basic pressure vessel integrity (ASME BPVC)
-Fire resistance, contingency in design
•1980-2000: Standardization
-PSL, Material & Temperature Classes
-Replace individual company standards
•2000-present: Reliability
Significant events drive
standards priorities
1970:
Bay Marchand Fire, GOM
•Multi-well platform
•Well control lost on one well with others in
production.
•Fire consumed platform, burned for months.
•Total asset loss of platform ($100 MM).
•Led to development of standards for fire-
resistant equipment.
•Contributed to development of US
regulations for offshore operations
Bay Marchand Xmas Tree
(Cameron)
1973:
West Texas: Fatal H2S Leak
•Bullplug failure on Xmas tree.
•Failure cause: sulfide stress cracking
(SSC).
•Nine deaths from release of H2S.
•Texas RRC requested NACE to develop
standard for materials resistant to SSC.
•NACE MR0175 published in 1975, revised
annually, used globally.
•ISO 15156 (Parts 1-3) / NACE MR0175
published in 2004, continually updated.
1988: Piper Alpha
North Sea, UK Sector
•167 deaths: Worst offshore disaster.

•Fire consumed manned production
platform.
•Public investigation: The Lord Cullen Report
•New standards for safety, fire control,
evacuation, and well-control equipment.
Surface System Standards
Wellhead and Xmas Tree
Specifications: The Objectives
•Prior to 6A 15th Edition (1986):
-Dimensional interchangeability
-Basic pressure integrity of design
With 6A 15th-19th Edition:
-Offer purchasing options
-Provide more design control & validation
•With ISO 10423, other ISO TC-67 standards:
-Meet requirements of non-US users
-Further reduce user specifications
Surface Standards
For Cameron Products:
•API 6A
-Wellhead & Xmas tree equipment
•API 6FA, 6FB, 6FC, 6FD

-Fire resistance test procedures
•API 6D
-Pipeline valves
•API 11AX, 11B
-Sucker rods, couplings, pumps
API 6A: Number of pages –
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
5th Ed 14th Ed 16th Ed 17th Ed 18th Ed
1966: 2006:
25 licensees 432 licensees
Offshore Surface Equipment
Standards: The Objectives
•Safety & Pollution Prevention:
-Fire avoidance, resistance, remedies
-H2S detection and resistance
•Operational factors:
-Remote status indicators
-Serviceability, maintainability
•Platform & system design:
-Lifting considerations
-Access considerations
Subsea System Standards
Subsea Equipment & System
Standards: The Objectives
•Common Terminology:
-System components
-TLA’s (Three-letter abbreviations)
•Unique Subsea Concerns:
-Remote installation and intervention
-Corrosion & hydrostatic pressure
-High cost of remedial action & maintenance
•Unique Subsea Equipment:
-Riser systems, flexible pipe
-ROV’s, ROT’s, TFL systems
Subsea Standards:
•API RP 17A / ISO 13628-1
-Subsea Production Systems
•API RP 17B / ISO 10420
-Flexible Pipe
•API RP 17C / ISO 13628-3
-TFL (Through Flow Line) Systems
•API Spec 17D* / ISO 13628-4* *not in synch
-Subsea Wellhead & Xmas Trees
•API Spec 17E / ISO 13628-5
-Production Control Umbilicals
•API Spec 17F / ISO 13628-6
-Subsea Production Controls Systems
Subsea Standards:
•API RP 17G / ISO 13628-7
-Completion/Workover Riser
•API RP 17H / ISO 13628-8
-ROV Interfaces
•API Spec 17J / ISO 13628-2
-Unbonded Flexible Pipe
•API Spec 17K / ISO 13628-10
-Bonded Flexible Pipe
•API RP 17M / ISO 13628-9
-Remotely Operated Tools (ROT)
•API RP 17H / ISO 13628-8
-ROV Interfaces
•API RP 2RD / 16389
-Dynamic Production Riser Systems
Subsea Standards:
In Development
•API Spec 17L
-Flex. Pipe Ancillary Equipment
•API RP 17N
-Subsea Reliability
•API RP 17O
-HIPPS (High Integrity Pipeline Protection Syst.)
•API Spec 17P
-Subsea Templates & Manifolds
•API Spec 17Q
-Subsea Systems Engineering
Drilling System Standards
Drilling Equipment Standards:
The Objectives
•Safety & Pollution Prevention:
-Drilling operation & pressure control
-High temperature & pressure capability
•Mobility:
-Meet regulations all over the globe
-Serviceability, maintainability
•Platform & system design:
-Lifting & weight considerations
-Depth considerations (subsea stacks)
Drilling Equipment Standards:
•API 16A
-Drill-Through Equipment (BOP’s & stack
components)
•API 16C
-Choke & Kill Systems (chokes, manifolds)
•API 16D
-Drilling Control Systems
•API 16F
-Marine Riser Systems
•API 16R
-Marine Riser Couplings
All DPS Equipment Standards:
Current Goals
•Address New Technology
-High Pressure, High Temperature (HPHT)
-Deep water drilling & production
-Subsea separation, ROV intervention
•Continue Globalization of Standards
-Joint API/ISO standards development
-Reduced national standards (e.g. NORSOK)
•Address Product life-cycle management
-Repair & remanufacture standards
-Reliability, availability & maintainability
Oil & Gas Industry Standards
Development: Participants
•Equipment & Systems Manufacturers
•Experts in specific fields
•Oil & Gas Operators
•Set strategy, hold approval in API
•Government Bodies
•US Mineral Management Service
•UK-HSE/DOE, Norway-NPD, Others
•Interested Parties
•Consultants, 3rd Party Certification &
Inspection Agencies, Test Labs
Standards Development Process
API (Washington, DC)
• Subcommittees
-Organized by product, activity (drilling, subsea, etc.)
-Develop & approve work plans
• Work Groups & Task Groups
-Technical “experts” write, revise standards
-Users, manufacturers, “interested parties”
• Voting and Comment by Subcommittee
-Voting by member companies
-All negatives and technical comments resolved
-No commercial considerations
Different types of API Standards
•Specifications
-Product requirements
-Manufacturing & design
•Recommended Practices (RP)
-Operational procedures
-System design
•Technical Report/Bulletin
-Informational or advisory
-Research reports
API Publications
• 1964: 36 standards, 23 RP’s
-Typical price 50 cents
• 2004: 350 stds. & RP’s, 400 others
-Typical price $100.00
• Current chair of Executive
Committee for Standardization:
-Charlie Williams, Shell Oil Co.
(Gary Devlin, Cameron, represents
Petroleum Equipment Suppliers Assoc.)
Standards Development Process
ISO (Geneva, Switzerland)
• Subcommittees & Work Groups
-Organized by product, activity area
-Develops & approves work plans
• Work Groups & Task Groups
-Technical “experts” write, revise standards
-Users, manufacturers, interested parties
• Voting and Comment by Country
-Through national standards bodies (e.g., ANSI, BSI)
-25 “P-member” countries for TC-67 voting
ISO: International Standards
TC-67: Petrochemical & Gas
• 1996: First standards published.
-Adoptions of API standards
• 2006: 100 standards
-20 under ISO direct control
• Current chair: Cheryl Stark, BP
(Ries Langereis, Cameron chairs ISO work
group for 10423)
Joint Standards Development
ISO + API
• API & ISO Work Groups collaborate
-May assign or share responsibility
• ISO stages: CD, DIS, FDIS
-Comments from both API & ISO members
Voting on International Standards
-API votes & recommends US vote (to ANSI)
-Separate API ballot to adopt as API Standard
-API may add “regional annexes”
Joint Standards Development
Example: API 6A/ISO 10423
API 6A ISO
10423 API
Cover Annex N: API
Sheets Wellhead & Annex O:
Xmas Tree Use of
Equipment The API Technical
Monogram Changes
for API 6A
Differences between US & ISO
Standards Processes
•US Restraint of Trade Legislation.
-Landmark $10MM judgment against ASME
•US Product Liability lawsuits.
-Works both for & against standards
•US Requirements for Open Process.
-Cannot restrict non-industry access
•ISO allows patented designs in standards.
•ISO has less structure for maintaining standards.
•ISO process is slower: typically 5 year cycle,
multiple ballot stages.
Oil & Gas Industry Standards
Where are we going?
•API & ISO develop international standards.
- Include more countries as participants
•Shift in focus from products to people.
- Capture experience & knowledge base
- Cover training & competency requirements
•Manage cost of technology development.
-JIP’s, API & other independent research
•Continue to learn, improve, change cultures.
-No pollution, injury, loss of life is acceptable!
Industry Standards for
Drilling & Production Systems
Questions?

Standards

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Standards

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Standards

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Industry Standards for

Drilling & Production Systems

Eric Wehner August 11- 2006

(European Norm) (Germany) (British Stds Inst.)

UK-North Sea Norwegian Minerals Management

Total For 33 API-licensed facilities: 78

•167 deaths: Worst offshore disaster.

•API 6FA, 6FB, 6FC, 6FD

You might also like