Laboratory Test Reference Ranges

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Nova Scotia Health
TITLE: Laboratory Test Reference Ranges Doc #: 40243

Section: Management System\PLM\General\PLM Version: 80.0 Current
Website\General\Test Reference Ranges\
Document Owner: PI Website Effective Date: 10/11/2023
Final Approval: Review Date: 10/11/2024
Always refer to the laboratory report for appropriate reference ranges at the time of analysis.
This document lists the test reference ranges that were established for the analysis methodologies used
only by Nova Scotia Health Central Zone (CZ) Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine facilities.
Anatomical Pathology Blood Tests

Name of Test Specimen Units Low High Critical
Anti-Cardiac Muscle Antibody Serum (SST) Qualitative N/A N/A N/A
Anti-Skeletal Muscle Antibody Serum (SST) Qualitative N/A N/A N/A
Anti-Pemphigoid Antibody Serum (SST) Qualitative N/A N/A N/A
Anti-Pancreatic Islet Cell Antibody Serum (SST) Qualitative N/A N/A N/A
Anti-Smooth Muscle Antibody Serum (SST) Qualitative N/A N/A N/A
Anti-Liver Kidney Microsomal Antibody Serum (SST) Qualitative N/A N/A N/A
Clinical Chemistry Blood Tests

Name of Test Gender Age Units Low High Critical
Acetaminophen M/F >0min µmol/L >350
Interpretive Data:
Therapeutic range: 66-199 umol/L
Toxic level: Refer to Rumack Matthew nomogram.
Acetaminophen results can be falsely low for patients undergoing treatment of N-
acetylcysteine (NAC).
Adrenocorticotropic M/F >0min pmol/L 2.3 10.1
hormone Interpretive Data: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) reference ranges are based on
(ACTH) samples collected prior to 10 AM.
Albumin M/F 0-1yr g/L 25 46
>1yr 35 50
Alcohol M/F >0min mmol/L None Detected >54
Interpretive Data: The method is intended for clinical purposes only. Medical-legal
specimens should be analyzed by gas chromatographic method for confirmation of results.
Alkaline M/F 0-15d U/L 90 273
Phosphatase M/F 15d-1yr 134 518
(ALP) M/F 1-10yr 156 369
M/F 10-13yr 141 460
M 13-15yr 127 517
F 13-15yr 62 280
M 15-17yr 89 365
F 15-17yr 54 128
M 17-19yr 59 164
F 17-19yr 48 95
M/F >19yr 38 150
Alanine M/F 0-1yr U/L 0 32
Aminotransferase M/F 1-19yr 0 24
(ALT) M >19yr 0 54
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Uncontrolled When Printed
TITLE: Laboratory Test Reference Version: 80.0
Ranges Current

F >19yr 0 44
Alpha-1-Antitrypsin M/F >0 min g/L 1.00 1.90
Alpha Fetoprotein M/F 0min - µg/L Not established
(AFP) 3mth
3mth - 4 275
6mth
6mth - 3 148
1yr
1-3yr 3 21
>3yr 1 8
Ammonia M/F >0min µmol/L 18 72
Amylase M/F 0-15d U/L 3 10
15d- 2 22
3mth
3mth-1yr 3 50
1-19yr 20 101
>19yr 20 125
Interpretive Data: Amylase is less sensitive and specific in acute pancreatitis than lipase.
Amylase results may be elevated in patients with macroamylase. The most common
macroamylase is amylase complexed with an immunoglobulin. This elevated amylase is not
diagnostic for pancreatitis. By utilizing plasma lipase, macroamylase may be determined.
Androstenedione M >0min nmol/L 1.4 10.8
F 1.4 14.3
Interpretive Data: Note: Stated reference range is for adults.
Angiotensin M/F >0min U/L 8 52
Converting Interpretive Data: Reference values are for adults. The reference intervals for
Enzyme pediatric patients may be up to 50% higher than that of adults. Plasma
(ACE) Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) is significantly reduced in patients on
ACE inhibitors (e.g., Vasotec and Captopril).
Anion Gap M/F >0min 5 15
Anti-Thyroid M/F >0min IU/mL <6

Peroxidase
Antibody
(Anti-TPO)
Apolipoprotein B M 0-1yr g/L 0.16 1.24
(APO B) 1-12yr 0.48 1.25
12-60yr 0.49 1.73
>60yr 0.54 1.63
F 0-1yr 0.17 1.20
1-12yr 0.51 1.26
12-60yr 0.53 1.82
>60yr 0.64 1.82
Aspartate M/F 0-15d U/L 32 162
Aminotransferase 15d-1yr 20 67
(AST) >1yr 5 45
Beta 2 M >0min nmol/L <194.0

Microglobulin F <201.0
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Interpretive Data: Expected values 95th percentile.
If required, the conversion factor from International System of Measurement (SI) to
Conventional Units: nmol/L divided by 0.08475=ng/mL
ng/mL divided by 1000 =mg/L
Bicarbonate M/F 0-15d mmol/L 5 20 <10 or >40
M/F 15d-1yr 10 24
M/F 1-5yr 14 24
M/F 5-15yr 17 26
M 15-19yr 18 28
F 15-19yr 17 26
M/F >19yr 22 31
Bilirubin, direct M/F 0-15d µmol/L 0.0 12.0
>15d 0.0 8.5
Bilirubin, indirect M/F 0-19yr µmol/L Not established
>19yr 0.0 17.9
Bilirubin, total M/F Newborn µmol/L Age of Full-term
Newborn Premature Newborn
< 24 hours < 136.8 < 102.6
< 48 hours < 205.2 < 171.0
2- 5d < 256.5 < 205.2
5-7d < 256.5 < 171.0
7-15d Not established
15d - 0.0 14.9
18yr
>18yr 0.0 20.4
BF pH Interpretive Data: Reference ranges vary with fluid type; interpret in the light of relevant
published guidelines. A pH of <7.30 in pleural fluid may indicate certain pathologic conditions
such as parapneumonic or malignant effusion.
C-peptide M/F 0min- pmol/L Not established
1wk
>1wk 260 1730
Calcium M/F 0-1yr mmol/L 2.13 2.74 <1.70 or
1-19yr 2.29 2.63 >3.25
>19yr 2.20 2.60
Interpretive Data: Reference range based on samples from ambulatory patients.
Recumbent: 0.10 mmol/L lower.
Total Calcium (TCa) can be adjusted higher by 0.2 mmol/L with decreased albumin by 10 g/L
(baseline albumin = 40 g/L). The reliability of adjustment for albumin deteriorates in patients
with very low or high albumin concentrations. TCa without adjustment is sufficient in most
suspected disorders of calcium homeostasis. However, when the albumin level and/or pH are
extremely abnormal, request for ionized calcium should be considered.
Calcium, Ionized M/F >0min mmol/L 1.03 1.23 <0.75 or
>1.60
testing includes: M/F >0min 7.35 7.45 <7.20
pH or
>7.60
Calcium, Ionized M/F >0min mmol/L 1.03 1.23 <0.75 or
(7.4) >1.60
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Interpretive Data:
Ionized Calcium (7.4) is normalized Ionized Calcium with respect to pH = 7.4.
Calcitonin M >0min pg/mL <11
F <7
Carbamazepine M/F >0min µmol/L >75
Interpretive Data:
Therapeutic range: 17-51 umol/L
Toxic concentration: >64 umol/L
Routine determination of the Carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide, an active metabolite, is not
clinically indicated in most patients. However, if its level is considered imperative to clinical
decision making, the test should be specifically ordered.
Carboxyhemoglobin M/F >0min % >20.0
(COHB) Interpretive Data:
<1.5 (non-smokers)
<10.0 (smokers)
>20.0 (Toxic)
>50.0 (Lethal)
CA 125 M/F >0min U/mL 0.0 35.0
CA 15-3 M/F >0min U/mL 0.0 31.3
Interpretive Data: Ca 15-3 test is not sufficiently sensitive or specific to be used for cancer
screening. It may be useful for follow up of known breast cancer.
CA 19-9 M/F >0min U/mL 0.0 37.0
Interpretive Data: Ca19-9 test is not sufficiently sensitive or specific to be used for cancer
screening; modest elevations can be seen in some benign conditions. It may be useful for
follow-up of known cancers. However, individuals who are Lewis A/B negative are non-
secretors of Ca19-9. If monitoring with Ca19-9, a change in value may be considered to be
significant if it is >30% of the baseline.
Carcinoembryonic M/F >0min µg/L
Antigen Interpretive Data: Non-Smokers: less than or equal to 5.0 µg/L
(CEA) This test is not sufficiently sensitive or specific for cancer screening.
Ceruloplasmin M/F >0min mg/L 200 600
Chloride M/F >1yr mmol/L 100 110
Cholesterol M/F 0-18yr mmol/L 0.00 4.40
M/F >18yr 0.00 5.20
Interpretive Data:
0-18yr:
The stated cut-off values are the clinical decision limits for pediatric patients with acceptable
risk relative to dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis, based on the 2022 Canadian Clinical
Practice Update on Dyslipidemia in Children and Adolescents recommendations. If limits are
exceeded, repeat testing with a fasting sample and review of these guidelines for borderline to
abnormal limits is recommended.
>18yr:
Stated cut-off values are the clinical decision limits for adult patients with intermediate risk for
cardiovascular disease (CVD). For details on treatment initiation and targets, please refer to
the most recent version of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the
Management of Dyslipidemia for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in the Adult.
Cholinesterase M/F 0-15d U/L 4421 9722
M/F 15d-1yr 5182 16027
M/F 1-19yr 7769 15206
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M >19yr 4500 12669
F 3000 10928
Chylomicrons M/F >0min Absent
Cortisol M/F >0min nmol/L
Interpretive Data:
Until 9:30 am: 120-550 nmol/L
pm: 79-478 nmol/L
If Addison’s disease is clinically suspected, an AM cortisol result of <240nmol/L cannot
exclude this.
Cortisol (DST) M/F >0min nmol/L Not established
Interpretive Data:
Note: This result was following a Dexamethasone Suppression Test.
Creatine Kinase M >0min U/L 30 300

(CK) F 30 200
Interpretive Data:
Exercise can significantly increase plasma Creatine Kinase (CK) activity. CK activity in the
black population is approximately 2 times that of the white/Asian population. Statin treatment
can cause elevation of CK activity.
Reference ranges are for adults. Reference ranges have not been established for children.
Creatinine M/F 0-15d µmol/L 29 82 >400
M/F 15d-2yr 9 32
M/F 2-5yr 18 38
M/F 5-12yr 27 54
M/F 12-15yr 40 72
M 15-19yr 55 96
F 15-19yr 43 74
M >19yr 64 104
F >19yr 49 90
C-Reactive Protein M/F >0min mg/L 0.00 7.99
CRP Interpretive Data:
>8mg/L is consistent with acute phase response to inflammation
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment:
Low Risk: <1 mg/l
Average Risk: 1-3 mg/L
High Risk: >3 mg/L
Digoxin M/F >0min nmol/L >3.00
Interpretive Data:
Therapeutic range: 1.00-2.60 nmol/L
Levels >5.10 nmol/L may be potentially life-threatening.
Toxicity is enhanced by hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, or renal dysfunction.
Digoxin results will be affected for patients undergoing treatment with digibind (antibody
fragment therapy)
Dehydroepiandrosterone M 6mth-1yr µmol/L 0.20 4.80
sulfate
1-6yr 0.10 3.20
(DHEAS)
6-9yr 0.10 4.10
9-13yr 0.90 7.30
13-16yr 1.50 12.50
16-19yr 3.40 18.20
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19-35yr 4.60 16.10
35-55yr 3.70 13.10
55-65yr 1.30 9.80
65-70yr 6.20 7.70
>70yr 6.20 7.70
F 6mth-1yr 0.20 4.80
1-6yr 0.10 3.20
6-9yr 0.10 4.10
9-13yr 0.90 7.30
13-16yr 1.50 12.50
16-19yr 4.00 15.50
19-45yr 2.00 13.90
45-55yr 1.50 7.70
55-65yr 0.80 4.90
65-70yr 0.90 2.10
>70yr 0.90 2.10
Interpretive Data:
Ages 5-14 years: Reference range is based on children who are pre-pubertal. If the child has
achieved puberty, values may be higher by at least twice the upper limit stated on this report.
Ages 15-69 years: Reference range is based on the assumption that the individual has
achieved puberty.
Ages > 69 years: Please note that stated ranges are for those aged up to 70 years; ranges
have not been established for older individuals.
Patient age and/or gender not documented: When patient age and/or gender are not
documented we are unable to provide a reference range due to the specificity of the reference
range related to age and gender.
Erythropoietin M/F >0min IU/L 4.3 29.0
Interpretive Data:
If the patient is receiving recombinant erythropoietin, analysis may not be valid and reference
ranges are not applicable.
Note: High circulating biotin levels may reduce results by more than 10% of the true value.
Patients must discontinue any biotin supplement at least 3 days prior to testing.
Estimated M/F >=18yr
Glomerular
Filtration Rate Interpretive Data:
(eGFR) Stage of Kidney Disease eGFR Description
1 >=90 Normal or High
2 60-89 Mildly Decreased
3a 45-59 Mildly to Moderately Decreased
3b 30-44 Moderately to Severely Decreased
4 15-29 Severely Decreased
5 <15 Kidney Failure
Caution: eGFR should not be used when plasma creatinine is changing rapidly, in
pregnancy, for drug dosing, and should be interpreted with caution in extremes of body
habitus.
eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73mE2 and/or Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (ACR) >= 3 mg/mmol for >3
months are diagnostic criterion for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).
For more information, refer to the latest Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes
(KDIGO) guidelines.
Note: Reported eGFR is based on the 2021 equation that does not use a race coefficient.
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Estradiol M >0min pmol/L 40 162
(E2) F Post-Menopausal: not on HR: <37-103
on HR: <37-529
Follicular: 77-921
Midcycle: 139-2382
Luteal: 77-1145
Interpretive Data: Reference Ranges based on post-puberty
Ferritin M/F 0-4d µg/L Not established
4-15d 100.0 717.0
15d- 14.0 647.0
6mth
6mth-1yr 8.0 182.0
1-5yr 5.0 100.0
5-14yr 14.0 79.0
M 14-16yr 13.0 83.0
16-19yr 11.0 172.0
>19yr 22.0 300.0
F 14-19yr 5.5 67.0
>19yr 6.5 204.0
Interpretive Data: Ferritin is an acute phase reactant, hence mild/moderate elevations may
be seen in inflammatory conditions
Folate, Serum M/F 0-5d nmol/L Not established
5d-1yr >23.9
1-3yr >8.7
3-6yr >27.0
6-8yr >29.7
8-12yr >25.9
12-14yr >27.0
14-19yr >18.0
>19yr 7.0 47.0
Follicle-stimulating M >0min IU/L 1.0 12.0
hormone F >0min Follicular: 3.0-9.0
(FSH) Midcycle: 2.6-16.7
Luteal: 1.4-5.5
Postmenopausal: 27.0-133.0
Gamma-Glutamyl M/F 0-15d U/L 23 219
Transferase 15d-1yr 8 127
(GGT) 1-11yr 6 16
11-19yr 7 21
>19yr 0 49
Interpretive Data: GGT is inducible by drugs such as phenytoin and phenobarbital, and
therefore elevations should not be considered indicative of liver disease until drug use is ruled
out. Elevations are also seen after ingestion of alcoholic beverages.
Gastrin M/F >0min ng/L 13 115
Interpretive Data: Reference range for FASTING samples only
Note: High circulating biotin levels may reduce results by more than 10% of the true value.
Patients must discontinue any biotin supplement at least 3 days prior to testing.
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Gentamicin M/F >0min mg/L Pre:
>3.00
Post:
>12.00
Random:
>3.00
Interpretive Data:
Divided Daily Dose: PRE Level: <2 mg/L
POST Level: 5-8 mg/L (3-5 for UTI or when used for synergy for gram positive organisms)
Once Daily Therapy: 6 hour PRE: <1mg/L
Glucose, AC M/F >0min mmol/L 3.8 6.0 <2.5
or
≤16yr >15.0
or
>16yr >25.0
Interpretive Data: AC = Ante Cibum (Specimen was drawn before eating.)
For full diagnostic workup of diabetes mellitus and achieving glycemic control in patients with
known diabetes, please refer to the most recent version of the Diabetes Canada Clinical
Practice Guidelines.
Glucose, PC M/F >0min mmol/L No established range <2.5
or
≤16yr >15.0
or
>16yr >25.0
Interpretive Data: PC = Post Cibum (Specimen was drawn 2 hours after eating.)
Glucose, Random M/F >0min mmol/L 3.8 7.8 <2.5
or
≤16yr >15.0
or
>16yr >25.0
Interpretive Data:
Growth Hormone M >0min µg/L <3.00
(GH) F <8.00
Interpretive Data: Note that random single Growth Hormone (hGH) levels are inadequate, as
levels in normal and diseased populations overlap. Therefore, hGH suppression and
stimulation tests are needed to evaluate conditions of hGH excess and deficiency. Also stated
reference levels do not reflect variations in secretion of hGH from the pituitary gland, that are
often episodic and pulsatile.
HDL Cholesterol M 0-18yr mmol/L ≥1.20
M >18yr ≥1.00
F 0-18yr ≥1.20
F >18yr ≥1.30
Interpretive Data:
0-18yr:
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>18yr:
Human M/F >0min IU/L
Chorionic
Gonadotropin, Interpretive Data:
Beta Reference ranges:
(quantitative) Men and Pre-Menopausal Non-Pregnant Women: <5 IU/L
Post-Menopausal Women: <8 IU/L
Note: Suggest repeat testing in 72 hours for borderline high (5 - 25 IU/L) beta-Human
Chorionic Gonadotropin (beta hCG) results.
IgE M/F 0-6yr IU/mL 0 110
6-15yr 0 360
>15yr 0 180
Interpretive Data: In ADULTS only; the likelihood of predicting allergy in susceptible
individuals is high when IgE level is above 200 IU/mL
Insulin M/F 0-1wk pmol/L Not established
>1wk <120
Interpretive Data: Expected range for FASTING samples only
Insulin-Like Growth M 0-4yr µg/L <189
Factor-1 (IGF-1) 4-7yr 47 231
7-10yr 55 222
(also known as 10-12yr 95 315
Somatomedin-C) 12-14yr 95 460
14-16yr 211 512
16-19yr 57 426
19-22yr 105 346
22-25yr 107 367
25-30yr 88 537
30-35yr 41 246
35-40yr 57 241
40-45yr 43 209
45-50yr 74 196
50-55yr 55 248
55-60yr 36 200
60-65yr 51 187
65-70yr 37 219
70-80yr 24 200
80-90yr 17 323
>90yr Not established
F 0-4yr µg/L <272
4-7yr 55 248
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7-10yr 80 233
10-12yr 96 545
12-14yr 147 549
14-16yr 208 444
16-19yr 176 429
19-22yr 105 346
22-25yr 107 367
25-30yr 88 537
30-35yr 41 246
35-40yr 57 241
40-45yr 43 209
45-50yr 74 196
50-55yr 55 248
55-60yr 36 200
60-65yr 51 187
65-70yr 37 219
70-80yr 24 200
80-90yr 17 323
Interpretive Data:
Patient age and/or gender not documented: When patient age and/or gender are not
documented we are unable to provide a reference range due to the specificity of the reference
range related to age and gender.
Iron M/F 0d-14yr µmol/L 2.80 22.90
M 14-19yr 5.50 30.00
F 14-19yr 3.50 29.00
M >19yr 9.00 31.30
F >19yr 7.00 30.40
Interpretive Data: The circulated iron level can show a 30% diurnal variation, with a peak
early in the morning. If patient is not fasting or on iron supplements, this may lead to an
erroneously high iron result hence incorrect TIBC and % Saturation.
Lactate M/F >0min mmol/L 0.50 2.20 >4.00
Lactate M/F 0-15d U/L 309 1222
Dehydrogenase M/F 15d-1yr 163 452
(LDH) M/F 1-10yr 192 321
M 10-15yr 170 283
F 10-15yr 157 272
M/F 15-19yr 130 250
M/F >19yr 120 230
Interpretive Data: LDH should only be used for follow up of known hematological
malignancies or for the investigation of suspected hemolytic anemia.
LDL Cholesterol M/F 0-18yr mmol/L 0.00 2.80
(Calculated and M/F >18yr 0.00 3.50
Direct)
Interpretive Data:
LDL-Calculated result is based on the National Institutes of Health (NIH) LDL-C equation that
has superior accuracy to the Friedewald LDL-C equation when triglycerides are 4.50 - 9.00
mmol/L and/or LDL-C is between 0.50 and 1.50 mmol/L.
LDL Direct is directly measured.
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0-18yr:
>18yr:
Lipase M/F 0-19yr U/L 4 39
>19yr 8 78
Lithium M/F >0min mmol/L >2.20
Interpretive Data:
Therapeutic range: 0.60-1.20 mmol/L (trough concentration)
Toxic concentration: >1.50 mmol/L
Luteinizing M >0min IU/L 0.6 12.0
Hormone F Follicular: 1.8-11.8
(LH) Midcycle: 7.6-90.0
Luteal: 0.6-14.0
Postmenopausal (No HR): 10.0-62.0
Magnesium M/F 0-15d mmol/L 0.82 1.62 <0.40 and
15d-1yr 0.81 1.27 >3.00
1-19yr 0.86 1.17
>19yr 0.66 1.07
Methemoglobin M/F >0min % 0.0 1.5 >30.0
Methotrexate M/F >0min µmol/L
(MTX) Interpretive Data:
Therapeutic range: protocol dependent
Suggested toxic levels after methotrexate treatment:
>10.00 µmol/L after 24 hours
Specimens from patients who have received glucarpidase (carboxypeptidase G2) as a high
dose methotrexate rescue therapy should not be tested for the Methotrexate level.
Methotrexate should be tested after the patient stops the glucarpidase therapy for at least five
to seven days.
Non-HDL M/F 0-18yr mmol/L 0.00 3.10
Cholesterol M/F >18yr 0.00 4.20
Interpretive Data:
0-18yr:
>18yr:
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NT-proBNP M/F >0min ng/L <300
Interpretive Data:
Values <= 125 ng/L are normal in ambulatory care
N-terminal pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide values < 300 ng/L have a 99% negative predictive
value for excluding acute congestive heart failure (CHF)
CHF is likely in patients presenting with acute dyspnea at the following cut-off values (in the
absence of renal failure):
Age <50 years and N-terminal pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide >450 ng/L
Age 50 – 75 years and N-terminal pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide >900 ng/L
Age >75 years and N-terminal pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide >1800 ng/L
CHF is possible for values in between the above cut-offs, but other diagnoses should to be
considered.
Osmolality M/F >0min mmol/Kg 283 292 <250 or
>325
Parathyroid M/F 0-6d pmol/L Not established
Hormone, Intact 6d-1yr 0.7 9.4
(iPTH) 1-9yr 1.7 6.7
9-17yr 2.3 9.3
17-19yr 1.7 6.4
>19yr 1.9 8.7
Interpretive Data: It is recommended to measure iPTH on a morning fasting sample
Phenobarbital M/F >0min µmol/L >250
Interpretive Data:
Therapeutic concentration:
Infants and children: 65-130 µmol/L
Adults: 86-172 µmol/L
Toxic concentration: >= 259 µmol/L
Phenytoin M/F >0min µmol/L >100
Interpretive Data:
Therapeutic response: 40-80 µmol/L
Toxic: >119 µmol/L
Reference range presupposes a normal plasma albumin. For abnormal albumin, the
phenytoin result should be adjusted when comparing to the reference range as follows:
Corrected Phenytoin = measured Phenytoin/(0.9(Albumin/40)+0.1)
The calculation does not pertain to all patients' conditions. Albumin testing should be required
with phenytoin by physicians if the calculation needs to be done.
Phosphorus M/F 0-15d mmol/L 1.80 3.40 <0.40 and
M/F 15d-1yr 1.54 2.72 >3.50
M/F 1-5yr 1.38 2.19
M/F 5-13yr 1.33 1.92
M 13-16yr 1.14 1.99
F 13-16yr 1.02 1.79
M/F 16-19yr 0.95 1.62
M/F >19yr 0.74 1.52
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Interpretive Data: Phosphorus has a very strong biphasic circadian rhythm. Values are
lowest in the morning, peak first in the late afternoon and peak again in the late evening. The
second peak is quite elevated, and results may be outside the reference range.
Potassium M/F >0min mmol/L 3.4 5.0 <2.8 or
>6.2
Interpretive Data: Reference values have not been established for patients that are less than
1 year of age.
Note: Potassium (K+) reference ranges have been adjusted to accommodate for the
possibility of slight leakage of K+ from red blood cells prior to sample separation.
Prealbumin M/F 0-15d mg/L 20 120
15d-1yr 50 240
1-13yr 120 260
M 13-19yr 180 350
M >19yr 180 450
F 13-19yr 160 330
F >19yr 160 380
Interpretive Data: Prealbumin is only used for monitoring the response to nutritional support
in the acutely ill patient.
Progesterone M/F >0min nmol/L
Male: 0.6 - 2.0 nmol/L
Female: Follicular: 0.4 - 2.0 nmol/L
Luteal: 3.8 - 51.0 nmol/L
Postmenopausal: 0.4 - 2.0 nmol/L
First trimester: 9.0 - 468.0 nmol/L
Second trimester: 71.6 - 303.0 nmol/L
Third trimester: 88.0 - 771.0 nmol/L
Day 21 of cycle: minimal level consistent with ovulation = 20.0 nmol/L
: level >30.0 nmol/L indicates ovulation is very likely
Prolactin M/F 0-4d µg/L Not established
4-30d 12.6 212.8
30d-1yr 6.3 113.7
1-19yr 4.2 23.0
M >19yr 3.5 19.4
F >19yr 5.2 27.0
Interpretive Data: Female reference range is for non-pregnant
Prostatic Specific M/F >0min µg/L 0.00 3.00
Antigen Interpretive Data:
(PSA) Based on the 2019 Canadian Urological Association guidelines, values greater
than 3.00 ug/L may require closer serial testing or Urology referral depending
on the clinical context. Changes in PSA over time should be taken into
consideration, and clinical actions based on a solitary PSA reading are
discouraged. Reference values are invalid in patients with an active or prior
diagnosis of prostate cancer or in the setting of acute bacterial prostatitis.
Prostatic Specific M/F >0min µg/L
Antigen, Free Interpretive Data: Free PSA is not informative when PSA is <4 µg/L (indicating
(FPSA) that prostate cancer is unlikely) or when PSA is >20 µg/L (indicating that
prostate cancer is likely). Also see interpretation of the fPSA/PSA ratio.
PSA Free Ratio M/F >0min
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Interpretive Data: Prostate cancer can be excluded with reasonable (90%) confidence when
the PSA is >4 and <20 µg/L and the Free PSA/PSA ratio is > 0.20.
Protein, Total M/F >0min g/L 64 83
Interpretive Data: Values may be slightly lower in recumbent patients
Salicylate M/F >0min mmol/L >2.2
Interpretive Data:
Analgesia: 0.2-1.1 mmol/L
Anti-inflammatory: 0.7-2.2 mmol/L
Toxic (adult): >3.6 mmol/L
Toxic (children): >2.2 mmol/L
Saturation (Iron) M/F >0min % 14 55
Interpretive Data: In hereditary hemochromatosis, plasma iron is usually >30.00 µmol/L and
%Saturation is >60%. In advanced iron overload states, the %Saturation often is >90%.
Measurement of iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and %Saturation is often unreliable
for iron deficiency. Ferritin is recommended for this purpose.
Sex Hormone M/F 0-18yr nmol/L Not established
Binding Globulin
(SHBG) M >18yr 13.5 71.0
F >18yr 19.8 155.0
Sodium M/F >0min mmol/L 136 145 <120 or >160

Interpretive Data: Reference values have not been established for patients less than 1 year
of age. Pseudohyponatremia may be caused by specimens with high proteins or lipid
concentrations.
T3, Free M/F 0-1yr pmol/L 3.56 7.48
1-12yr 4.29 6.79
M 12-15yr 4.44 6.65
15-19yr 3.46 5.92
>19yr 2.89 5.65
F 12-15yr 3.84 6.06
15-19yr 3.55 5.70
>19yr 2.89 5.65
Interpretive Data: Please note change in adult reference ranges effective December 6 2019
and children’s reference ranges effective December 11 2019.
T4, Free M/F 0-5d pmol/L Not established
5-15d 13.5 41.3
15-30d 8.7 32.5
30d-1yr 11.4 21.9
1-19yr 11.4 17.6
>19yr 9.0 19.0
Testosterone M >0min nmol/L 8.00 32.00
F 0.40 1.85
Interpretive Data: Male reference range applies to post-puberty and is based
on a morning sample, since levels tend to decline through the day
Testosterone, M >0min nmol/L 2.50 10.00
Bioavailable F 0.00 0.25
Theophylline M/F >0min µmol/L >110
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Interpretive Data:
Therapeutic: Children and adults: 45-110 µmol/L
Neonatal apnea: 33-61 µmol/L
Toxic concentration: >= 111 µmol/L
Thyroglobulin High M/F >0min ug/L
Sensitivity Interpretive Data:
Note: Change in formulation of the High-Sensitivity Thyroglobulin (Tg-HS)
assay occurred on December 21, 2022.
Results that are < or = 0.2 ug/L are noted to be up to 35% higher compared to
the previous formulation. A new baseline for thyroid cancer patient monitoring
may need to be established.
Tg-HS is mainly used for follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid
carcinoma (DTC). While a Tg-HS <0.2 ug/L or around <50% increase in value
indicates that recurrence of DTC is unlikely, these results should only be
interpreted as per ATA guidelines for management of thyroid cancer, in
conjunction with other clinical/imaging information, as well as with results of
Anti-Thyroglobulin Antibody (Tg-Antibody) as their presence can interfere with
Tg-HS results.
Reference ranges:
Intact thyroid : 3.50 – 77.00 ug/L
Athyrotic: <0.20 ug/L
Thyroglobulin M/F >0min IU/mL <40
Antibody
Thyroid Stimulating M/F 0-4d mIU/L Not established
Hormone 4d-6mth 0.73 4.77
6mth- 0.70 4.17
14yr
14-19yr 0.47 3.41
>19yr 0.35 4.30
Interpretive Data:
Female 16-55 years:
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) reference range during pregnancy may be lower by up to
0.20 mIU/L of the lower limit and 1.00 mIU/L of the upper limit of stated reference range,
particularly during the first trimester. Refer to American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines
for more information.
Tobramycin M/F >0min mg/L Pre:
>3.00
Post:
>12.00
Random:
>3.00
Interpretive Data:
NON - Cystic Fibrosis Patients Expected Values:
Divided Daily Dose: PRE Level: <2 mg/L
POST Level: 5-8 mg/L (4-6 UTI)
Once Daily Therapy 6 hour PRE: <1 mg/L
Cystic Fibrosis Patients Expected Values:

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2 hour post tobramycin (2 h after the end of the infusion): 18-20 mg/L
8 hour post tobramycin (8 h after the end of the infusion): 3-6 mg/L
Total Iron M/F >0min µmol/L 43.40 76.50
Binding Capacity
Triglyceride M/F 0-10yr mmol/L 0.00 1.10
M/F 10-18yr 0.00 1.50
M/F >18yr 0.00 1.70
Interpretive Data:
0-18yr:
Note: The reference cut-off is for fasting triglyceride level.
Triglyceride > 15.00 mmol/L can lead to abdominal pain and may be life-
threatening due to chylomicron-induced pancreatitis.
The stated cut-off values are the clinical decision limits for pediatric patients
with acceptable risk relative to dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis, based on the
2022 Canadian Clinical Practice Update on Dyslipidemia in Children and
Adolescents recommendations. If limits are exceeded, repeat testing with a
fasting sample and review of these guidelines for borderline to abnormal limits
is recommended.
>18yr:
Note: Triglyceride > 15.00 mmol/L can lead to abdominal pain and may be life-
threatening due to chylomicron-induced pancreatitis.
Interpretation of fasting triglyceride result:
Normal: <1.70 mmol/L
Borderline High: 1.70-2.25 mmol/L
High: 2.26-5.64 mmol/L
Very High: >5.65 mmol/L
Stated cut-off values are the clinical decision limits for adult patients with
intermediate risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). For details on treatment
initiation and targets, please refer to the most recent version of the Canadian
Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidemia for the
Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in the Adult.
Troponin T M >0min ng/L <14 >50
(High Sensitivity) F <9
Interpretive Data:
High Sensitivity Troponin T Suggested Time Intervals for
Normal Values Serial Testing
14 ng/L (Male) 0, 3, 6 hours
9 ng/L (Female)
Rule-in Rule-out
Acute Myocardial Infarction Acute Myocardial Infarction
Result >50 ng/L Two (2) results with a difference of <15 ng/L
Or at least six (6) hours apart
>= 20 ng/L change in results during serial
sampling plus signs of ischemia
Note: Change of Troponin-T HS reference interval for females commenced on November 17,
2021 based on the new recommendations from Clinical Chemistry 64:4 645- 655 (2018).
Unsaturated Iron M >0min µmol/L 12.50 55.50
Binding Capacity F 12.40 43.00
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Urea M/F 0-15d mmol/L 1.0 8.2 <16yr>25.0
15d-1yr 1.2 6.0 ≥16yr>35.0
1-10yr 3.2 7.9
M 10-19yr 2.6 7.5
F 10-19yr 2.6 6.8
M/F >19yr 2.5 9.2
Uric Acid M/F 0-15d µmol/L 164 757
15d-1yr 94 377
1-12yr 106 289
M 12-19yr 156 454
F 12-19yr 153 349
M >19yr 210 450
F >19yr 150 360
Interpretive Data: High normal uric acid level does not rule out gout, especially if sample
taken during an acute attack. If on treatment for chronic gout, recommended levels are <360.
Note that falsely lower results may be seen in patients on Rasburicase.
Valproic Acid M/F >0min µmol/L >1400
Interpretive Data:
Therapeutic range: 350-700 µmol/L
Toxic concentration: >832 µmol/L
Vancomycin M/F >0min mg/L Pre: >25.00
Post:
>40.00
Random:
>30.00
Interpretive Data:
The target pre-dose (trough) vancomycin level depends on the microorganism and type of
infection: 10-15 mg/L is recommended for most infections including those due to MRSA.
For CNS infections, osteomyelitis, and other deep seated MRSA infections, the target trough
concentrations is closer to 15 mg/L.
Trough levels exceeding 15 mg/L are associated with increased risk of nephrotoxicity.
Staphylococcus aureus isolates with vancomycin MIC ≥ 2 mg/L have a high treatment failure
rate; consider an alternative agent and ID consult.
Vitamin B12 M/F >0min pmol/L 138 652
Interpretive Data: Consider B12 replacement for symptomatic patients with B12 levels
between 138 and 220 pmol/L and hematological or neurological abnormalities.
Vitamin D M/F >18yr nmol/L
Interpretive Data:
Reference ranges for adults only:
<25.0 nmol/L: severe vitamin D deficiency
25.0-49.9 nmol/L: vitamin D deficiency possible
50.0-75.0 nmol/L: likely vitamin D replete
>200.0 nmol/L: vitamin D toxicity possible
For children’s ranges, register and sign in:

https://app3.ccb.sickkids.ca/caliper/caliperlogin
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Hematopathology Blood Tests

Test Name Gender Age Range Critical
Routine
WBC x 109/L M 0-15 days 8.04 - 15.4 >100.00
F 0-15 days 8.16 – 14.56 >100.00
M 15 days – 1 month 7.8 – 15.91 >100.00
F 15 days – 1 month 8.36 – 14.42 >100.00
M 1 – 2 months 8.14 – 14.99 >100.00
F 1 – 2 months 7.05 – 14.68 >100.00
M 2 – 6 months 6.51 – 13.32 >100.00
F 2 – 6 months 6.0 – 13.25 >100.00
M 6 months – 2 years 5.98 – 13.51 >100.00
F 6 months – 2 years 6.48 – 13.02 >100.00
M 2 – 6 years 5.14 – 13.38 >100.00
F 2 – 6 years 4.86 – 13.18 >100.00
M 6 – 12 years 4.31 – 11.0 >100.00
F 6 – 12 years 4.27 – 11.4 >100.00
M 12 – 18 years 3.84 – 9.84 >100.00
F 12 – 18 years 4.19 – 9.43 >100.00
M 18 – 150 years 4.5 – 11 >100.00
F 18 – 150 years 4.5 - 11 >100.00
RBC x 1012/L M 0-15 days 4.1 – 5.55
F 0-15 days 4.12 – 5.74
M 15 days – 1 month 3.16 – 4.63
F 15 days – 1 month 3.32 – 4.8
M 1 – 2 months 3.02 – 4.22
F 1 – 2 months 2.93 – 3.87
M 2 – 6 months 3.43 – 4.8
F 2 – 6 months 3.45 – 4.75
M 6 months – 2 years 4.03 – 5.07
F 6 months – 2 years 3.97 – 5.01
M 2 – 6 years 3.89 – 4.97
F 2 – 6 years 3.84 – 4.92
M 6 – 12 years 3.96 – 5.03
F 6 – 12 years 3.9 – 4.96
M 12 – 18 years 4.00 – 6.00
F 12 – 18 years 3.70 – 5.20
M 18 – 150 years 4.5 – 6.5
F 18 – 150 years 3.8 – 5.8
HGB g/L M 0-15 days 139 - 191 <60
F 0-15 days 134 - 200 <60
M 15 days – 1 month 100 - 153 <60
F 15 days – 1 month 108 - 146 <60
M 1 – 2 months 89 - 127 <60
F 1 – 2 months 92 - 114 <60
M 2 – 6 months 96 - 124 <60
F 2 – 6 months 99 - 124 <60
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M 6 months – 2 years 101 - 125 <60
F 6 months – 2 years 102 - 127 <60
M 2 – 6 years 102 - 127 <60
F 2 – 6 years 102 - 127 <60
M 6 – 12 years 107 - 134 <60
F 6 – 12 years 106 - 132 <60
M 12 – 18 years 110 - 180 <60
F 12 – 18 years 105 - 150 <60
M 18 – 150 years 140 - 180 <60
F 18 – 150 years 120 - 160 <60
HCT L/L M 0-15 days 0.398 - 0.536
F 0-15 days 0.396 - 0.572
M 15 days – 1 month 0.305 – 0.450
F 15 days – 1 month 0.320 – 0.445
M 1 – 2 months 0.268 – 0.375
F 1 – 2 months 0.277 – 0.351
M 2 – 6 months 0.286 – 0.372
F 2 – 6 months 0.295 – 0.371
M 6 months – 2 years 0.308 – 0.378
F 6 months – 2 years 0.309 – 0.379
M 2 – 6 years 0.310 – 0.377
F 2 – 6 years 0.312 – 0.378
M 6 – 12 years 0.322 – 0.398
F 6 – 12 years 0.324 – 0.395
M 12 – 18 years 0.340 - 0.540
F 12 – 18 years 0.340 – 0.460
M 18 – 150 years 0.420 – 0.540
F 18 – 150 years 0.370 – 0.470
MCV fL M 0-15 days 91.3 – 103.1
F 0-15 days 92.7 – 106.4
M 15 days – 1 month 89.4 – 99.7
F 15 days – 1 month 90.1 – 103.0
M 1 – 2 months 84.3 – 94.2
F 1 – 2 months 83.4 – 96.4
M 2 – 6 months 74.1 – 87.5
F 2 – 6 months 74.8 – 88.3
M 6 months – 2 years 69.5 – 81.7
F 6 months – 2 years 71.3 – 82.6
M 2 – 6 years 71.3 – 84.0
F 2 – 6 years 72.3 – 85.0
M 6 – 12 years 74.4 – 86.1
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F 6 – 12 years 75.9 – 87.6
M 12 – 18 years 77.0 – 94.0
F 12 – 18 years 77.0 – 94.0
M 18 – 150 years 80.0 – 97.0
F 18 – 150 years 80.0 – 97.0
MCH pg M 0-15 days 31.3 – 35.6
F 0-15 days 31.1 – 35.9
M 15 days – 1 month 29.9 – 34.1
F 15 days – 1 month 30.4 – 35.3
M 1 – 2 months 27.8 – 32.0
F 1 – 2 months 28.0 – 32.5
M 2 – 6 months 24.4 – 28.9
F 2 – 6 months 24.4 – 29.5
M 6 months – 2 years 22.7 – 27.2
F 6 months – 2 years 23.2 – 27.5
M 2 – 6 years 23.7 – 28.3
F 2 – 6 years 23.7 – 28.6
M 6 – 12 years 24.9 – 29.2
F 6 – 12 years 24.8 – 29.5
M 12 – 18 years 25.6 – 32.6
F 12 – 18 years 24.4 – 33.6
M 18 – 150 years 28.0 – 32.0
F 18 – 150 years 28.0 – 32.0
MCHC g/L M 0-15 days 330 – 357
F 0-15 days 334 – 354
M 15 days – 1 month 327 – 351
F 15 days – 1 month 332 – 350
M 1 – 2 months 323 – 348
F 1 – 2 months 325 – 349
M 2 – 6 months 319 – 344
F 2 – 6 months 321 – 344
M 6 months – 2 years 316 – 344
F 6 months – 2 years 319 – 342
M 2 – 6 years 320 – 347
F 2 – 6 years 318 – 346
M 6 – 12 years 322 – 349
F 6 – 12 years 318 – 346
M 12 – 18 years 318 – 360
F 12 – 18 years 310 – 353
M 18 – 150 years 315 – 350
F 18 – 150 years 315 - 350
RDW % M 0-15 days 14.8 – 17
F 0-15 days 14.6 – 17.3
M 15 days – 1 month 14.3 – 16.8
F 15 days – 1 month 14.4 – 16.2
M 1 – 2 months 13.8 – 16.1
F 1 – 2 months 13.6 – 15.8
M 2 – 6 months 12.4 – 15.3
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F 2 – 6 months 12.2 – 14.3
M 6 months – 2 years 12.9 – 15.6
F 6 months – 2 years 12.7 – 15.1
M 2 – 6 years 12.5 – 14.9
F 2 – 6 years 12.4 – 14.9
M 6 – 12 years 12.3 – 14.1
F 6 – 12 years 12.2 – 14.4
M 12 – 18 years 11.0 – 15.0
F 12 – 18 years 11.0 – 15.0
M 18 – 150 years 11.5 – 14.5
F 18 – 150 years 11.5 – 14.5
PLT x 109/L M 0-15 days 218 – 419 <20
F 0-15 days 144 – 449 <20
M 15 days – 1 month 248 – 586 <20
F 15 days – 1 month 279 - 571 <20
M 1 – 2 months 229 – 562 <20
F 1 – 2 months 331 – 597 <20
M 2 – 6 months 244 – 529 <20
F 2 – 6 months 247 – 580 <20
M 6 months – 2 years 206 – 445 <20
F 6 months – 2 years 214 – 459 <20
M 2 – 6 years 202 – 403 <20
F 2 – 6 years 189 - 394 <20
M 6 – 12 years 206 – 369 <20
F 6 – 12 years 199 – 367 <20
M 12 – 18 years 130 – 400 <20
F 12 – 18 years 130 – 400 <20
M 18 – 150 years 150 – 350 <20
F 18 – 150 years 150 - 350 <20
MPV fL M 0-15 days 10.2 – 11.9
F 0-15 days 10.4 – 12.0
M 15 days – 1 month 10.1 – 12.1
F 15 days – 1 month 10.0 – 12.2
M 1 – 2 months 9.2 – 10.8
F 1 – 2 months 9.4 – 11.1
M 2 – 6 months 8.9 – 10.6
F 2 – 6 months 9.0 – 10.9
M 6 months – 2 years 8.7 – 10.5
F 6 months – 2 years 8.8 – 10.6
M 2 – 6 years 9.0 – 10.9
F 2 – 6 years 8.9 – 11.0
M 6 – 12 years 9.2 – 11.4
F 6 – 12 years 9.3 – 11.3
M 12 – 18 years 8.0 – 12.0
F 12 – 18 years 8.0 – 12.0
M 18 – 150 years 9.0 – 12.5
F 18 – 150 years 9.0 – 12.5
LYMPH % M 0-15 days 33.7 – 67.6
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F 0-15 days 24.9 – 68.5
M 15 days – 1 month 33.6 – 76.8
F 15 days – 1 month 31.9 – 82.7
M 1 – 2 months 42.5 – 85.7
F 1 – 2 months 37.8 – 86.7
M 2 – 6 months 40.7 – 83.7
F 2 – 6 months 30.4 – 85.6
M 6 months – 2 years 26.0 – 79.6
F 6 months – 2 years 27.4 – 79.9
M 2 – 6 years 18.4 – 66.6
F 2 – 6 years 18.1 – 68.6
M 6 – 12 years 15.5 – 56.6
F 6 – 12 years 16.7 – 57.8
M 12 – 18 years 16.4 – 52.7
F 12 – 18 years 18.2 – 49.8
M 18 – 150 years 15.0 – 41.0
F 18 – 150 years 15.0 – 41.0
MONO % M 0-15 days 6.7 – 19.9
F 0-15 days 5.2 – 20.6
M 15 days – 1 month 4.3 – 18.3
F 15 days – 1 month 5.6 – 13.8
M 1 – 2 months 4.4 – 14.0
F 1 – 2 months 3.8 – 15.5
M 2 – 6 months 3.8 – 13.4
F 2 – 6 months 3.8 – 12.6
M 6 months – 2 years 4.4 – 13.4
F 6 months – 2 years 3.8 – 12.8
M 2 – 6 years 4.2 – 12.2
F 2 – 6 years 4.2 – 11.4
M 6 – 12 years 4.2 – 12.3
F 6 – 12 years 4.2 – 11.3
M 12 – 18 years 4.4 – 12.3
F 12 – 18 years 4.1 – 10.9
M 18 – 150 years 2.0 - 10.0
F 18 – 150 years 2.0 – 10.0
NEUT % M 0-15 days 20.2 – 46.2
F 0-15 days 15.2 – 66.1
M 15 days – 1 month 14.0 – 54.6
F 15 days – 1 month 10.6 – 57.3
M 1 – 2 months 10.2 – 48.7
F 1 – 2 months 8.9 – 68.2
M 2 – 6 months 10.9 – 47.8
F 2 – 6 months 14.1 - 76.0
M 6 months – 2 years 17.5 – 69.5
F 6 months – 2 years 16.9 – 74.0
M 2 – 6 years 22.4 – 69.0
F 2 – 6 years 22.4 – 69.0
M 6 – 12 years 28.6 – 74.5
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F 6 – 12 years 29.8 – 71.4
M 12 – 18 years 32.5 – 74.7
F 12 – 18 years 39.0 – 73.6
M 18 – 150 years 45.0 – 70.0
F 18 – 150 years 45.0 – 70.0
EOS % M 0-15 days 0.3 – 5.2
F 0-15 days 0.4 – 4.6
M 15 days – 1 month 0.2 – 5.4
F 15 days – 1 month 0.0 – 5.3
M 1 – 2 months 0.0 – 4.5
F 1 – 2 months 0.0 – 4.1
M 2 – 6 months 0.0 – 4.0
F 2 – 6 months 0.0 – 3.6
M 6 months – 2 years 0.0 – 3.7
F 6 months – 2 years 0.0 – 3.2
M 2 – 6 years 0.0 – 4.1
F 2 – 6 years 0.0 – 3.3
M 6 – 12 years 0.0 – 4.7
F 6 – 12 years 0.0 – 4.0
M 12 – 18 years 0.0 – 4.0
F 12 – 18 years 0.0 – 3.4
M 18 – 150 years 0.0 – 7.0
F 18 – 150 years 0.0 – 7.0
BASO % M 0-15 days 0.1 – 0.8
F 0-15 days 0.1 – 0.6
M 15 days – 2 months 0.0 – 0.6
F 15 days – 2 months 0.0 – 0.5
M 2 months - 6 years 0.0 – 0.6
F 2 months - 6 years 0.0 – 0.6
M 6 – 18 years 0.0 – 0.7
F 6 – 18 years 0.0 – 0.6
M 18 – 150 years 0.0 – 1.5
F 18 – 150 years 0.0 – 1.5
IG % M 0 -150 years 0–5
F 0 -150 years 0–5
LYMPH Absolute x109/L M 0-15 days 2.07 – 7.53
F 0-15 days 1.75 – 8.0
M 15 days – 1 month 2.11 – 8.38
F 15 days – 1 month 2.42 – 8.2
M 1 – 2 months 2.47 – 7.95
F 1 – 2 months 2.29 – 9.14
M 2 – 6 months 2.45 – 8.89
F 2 – 6 months 2.14 – 8.99
M 6 months – 2 years 1.56 – 7.83
F 6 months – 2 years 1.52 – 8.09
M 2 – 6 years 1.13 – 5.52
F 2 – 6 years 1.25 – 5.77
M 6 – 12 years 0.97 – 3.96
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F 6 – 12 years 1.16 – 4.28
M 12 – 18 years 0.97 – 3.26
F 12 – 18 years 1.16 – 3.33
M 18 – 150 years 1.5 – 4.0
F 18 – 150 years 1.5 – 4.0
MONO Absolute x109/L M 0-15 days 0.52 – 1.77
F 0-15 days 0.57 – 1.72
M 15 days – 1 month 0.28 – 1.38
F 15 days – 1 month 0.42 – 1.21
M 1 – 2 months 0.28 – 1.05
F 1 – 2 months 0.28 – 1.21
M 2 – 6 months 0.28 – 1.07
F 2 – 6 months 0.24 – 1.17
M 6 months – 2 years 0.25 – 1.15
F 6 months – 2 years 0.26 – 1.08
M 2 – 6 years 0.19 – 0.94
F 2 – 6 years 0.24 – 0.92
M 6 – 12 years 0.19 – 0.85
F 6 – 12 years 0.19 – 0.81
M 12 – 18 years 0.18 – 0.78
F 12 – 18 years 0.19 – 0.72
M 18 – 150 years 0.1 – 0.9
F 18 – 150 years 0.1 – 0.9
NEUT Absolute x109/L M 0 – 15 days 1.6 – 6.06 <0.20
F 0 – 15 days 1.73 – 6.75
M 15 days – 1 month 1.18 – 5.45
F 15 days – 1 month 1.23 – 4.8
M 1 – 2 months 0.83 – 4.23
F 1 – 2 months 1.0 – 4.68
M 2 – 6 months 0.97 – 5.45
F 2 – 6 months 1.04 – 7.2
M 6 months – 2 years 1.19 – 7.21
F 6 months – 2 years 1.6 – 8.29
M 2 – 6 years 1.54 – 7.92
F 2 – 6 years 1.6 – 8.29
M 6 – 12 years 1.63 – 7.55
F 6 – 12 years 1.64 – 7.87
M 12 – 18 years 1.54 – 7.04
F 12 – 18 years 1.82 – 7.47
M 18 – 150 years 2.0 – 7.50
F 18 – 150 years 2.0 – 7.50
EOS Absolute x109/L M 0-15 days 0.12 – 0.66
F 0-15 days 0.09 – 0.64
M 15 days – 1 month 0.08 – 0.8
F 15 days – 1 month 0.06 – 0.75
M 1 – 2 months 0.05 – 0.57
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F 1 – 2 months 0.04 – 0.63
M 2 – 6 months 0.03 – 0.61
F 2 – 6 months 0.02 – 0.74
M 6 months – 2 years 0.02 – 0.82
F 6 months – 2 years 0.02 – 0.58
M 2 – 6 years 0.03 – 0.53
F 2 – 6 years 0.03 – 0.46
M 6 – 12 years 0.03 – 0.52
F 6 – 12 years 0.03 – 0.47
M 12 – 18 years 0.04 – 0.38
F 12 – 18 years 0.02 – 0.32
M 18 – 150 years 0.0 – 0.5
F 18 – 150 years 0.0 – 0.5
BASO Absolute x10 /L9
M 0-15 days 0.02 – 0.11
F 0-15 days 0.02 – 0.07
M 15 days – 1 month 0.01 – 0.07
F 15 days – 1 month 0.01 – 0.06
M 1 – 2 months 0.01 – 0.07
F 1 – 2 months 0.01 – 0.05
M 2 – 6 months 0.01 – 0.06
F 2 – 6 months 0.01 – 0.07
M 6 months – 6 years 0.01 – 0.06
F 6 months – 6 years 0.01 – 0.06
M 6 – 12 years 0.01 – 0.06
F 6 – 12 years 0.01 – 0.05
M 12 – 150 years 0 – 0.1
F 12 – 150 years 0 – 0.1
9
IG Absolute x10 /L M 0-2 days 0 – 0.28
F 0-2 days 0 – 0.28
M 2 days – 14 days 0 – 0.27
F 2 days – 14 days 0 – 0.27
M 14 days – 1 month 0 – 0.22
F 14 days – 1 month 0 – 0.22
M 1 – 3 months 0 – 0.09
F 1 – 3 months 0 – 0.09
M 3 – 6 months 0 – 0.06
F 3 – 6 months 0 – 0.06
M 6 months – 2 years 0 – 0.14
F 6 months – 2 years 0 – 0.14
M 2 – 6 years 0 – 0.06
F 2 – 6 years 0 – 0.06
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M 6 – 12 years 0 – 0.04
F 6 – 12 years 0 – 0.04
M 12 – 16 years 0 – 0.03
F 12 – 16 years 0 – 0.03
M 16 – 150 years 0 – 0.09
F 16 – 150 years 0 – 0.09
Retic % M 0 – 4 days 3.47 – 5.4
F 0 – 4 days 3.47 – 5.4
M 4 days – 1 month 1.06 – 2.37
F 4 days – 1 month 1.06 – 2.37
M 1 – 2 months 2.12 – 3.47
F 1 – 2 months 2.12 – 3.47
M 2 – 6 months 1.55 – 2.7
F 2 – 6 months 1.55 – 2.7
M 6 months – 2 years 0.99 – 1.82
F 6 months – 2 years 0.99 – 1.82
M 2 – 6 years 0.82 – 1.45
F 2 – 6 years 0.82 – 1.45
M 6 – 12 years 0.98 – 1.94
F 6 – 12 years 0.98 – 1.94
M 12 – 18 years 0.90 – 1.49
F 12 – 18 years 0.90 – 1.49
M 18 – 150 years 0.50 – 1.46
F 18 – 150 years 0.56 – 1.52
Retic Absolute x 109/L M 0 – 4 days 147.5 – 216.4
F 0 – 4 days 147.5 – 216.4
M 4 days – 1 month 51.3 – 110.4
F 4 days – 1 month 51.3 – 110.4
M 1 – 2 months 51.8 – 77.9
F 1 – 2 months 51.8 – 77.9
M 2 – 6 months 48.2 – 88.2
F 2 – 6 months 48.2 – 88.2
M 6 months – 2 years 43.5 – 111.1
F 6 months – 2 years 43.5 – 111.1
M 2 – 6 years 36.4 – 68.0
F 2 – 6 years 36.4 – 68.0
M 6 – 12 years 42.4 – 70.2
F 6 – 12 years 42.4 – 70.2
M 12 – 18 years 41.6 – 65.1
F 12 – 18 years 41.6 – 65.1
M 18 – 150 years 26.1 – 96.7
F 18 – 150 years 28.8 – 94.1
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ESR M 0 – 150 0 – 20 mm/hr
F 0 – 150 0 – 26 mm/hr
Haptoglobin M/F >0min 0.47 – 2.03 g/L
Plasma Hemoglobin 0 – 150 years 0 – 30 mg/dL
Transferrin M/F >0min 1.81 – 3.31 g/L
Coagulation
INR 0 – 150 0.8 – 1.2 ≥6.0
PTT 0 – 150 26 – 38 sec >80 (not on heparin)
Thrombin Time 0 – 150 11.0 - 18.0 sec
Dade PTT 0 – 150 21 – 33 sec
D-Dimer 0 – 150 <500 ng/mL-
Negative
Fibrinogen 0 – 150 2.15 - 4.79 g/L
Manual INR 0 – 150 0.8 - 1.2
Manual PTT 0 – 150 28 – 40 sec
Manual TT 0 – 150 14.4 – 22.4 sec
FII 0 - 89 days 0.33 - 0.93 U/mL
89 days – 1 year 0.45 - 1.05 U/mL
1 – 6 years 0.71 - 1.16 U/mL
6 – 11 years 0.67 - 1.07 U/mL
11 – 16 years 0.61 - 1.04 U/mL
16 – 150 0.75 – 1.41 U/mL
FV 0 - 89 days 0.45 - 1.45 U/mL
89 days – 1 year 0.48 - 1.32 U/mL
1 – 6 years 0.79 - 1.27 U/mL
6 – 11 years 0.63 - 1.16 U/mL
11 – 16 years 0.57 - 0.99 U/mL
16 – 150 0.54 – 1.47 U/mL
FVII 0 – 150 0.50 – 1.63 U/mL
FVIII 0 – 150 0.50 – 1.50 U/mL
FIX 0 - 89 days 0.15 - 0.91 U/mL
89 days – 1 year 0.21 - 1.13 U/mL
1 – 6 years 0.47 - 1.04 U/mL
6 – 11 years 0.63 - 0.89 U/mL
11 – 16 years 0.59 - 1.22 U/mL
16 – 150 0.68 – 1.74 U/mL
FX 0 - 89 days 0.19 - 0.79 U/mL
89 days – 1 year 0.35 - 1.07 U/mL
1 – 6 years 0.58 - 1.16 U/mL
6 – 11 years 0.55 - 1.01 U/mL
11 – 16 years 0.50 - 1.17 U/mL
16 – 150 0.53 – 1.57 U/mL
FXI 0 - 89 days 0.23 - 0.87 U/mL
89 days – 1 year 0.41 - 0.97 U/mL
1 – 6 years 0.56 - 1.50 U/mL
6 – 11 years 0.52 - 1.20 U/mL
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11 – 16 years 0.50 - 0.97 U/mL
16 – 150 0.59 – 1.57 U/mL
FXII 0 - 89 days 0.11 - 0.83 U/mL
89 days – 1 year 0.25 - 1.09 U/mL
1 – 6 years 0.64 - 1.29 U/mL
6 – 11 years 0.60 - 1.40 U/mL
11 – 16 years 0.34 - 1.37 U/mL
16 – 150 0.44 – 1.55 U/mL
vWF Antigen (U/mL) 0 – 150 Blood Group:
O – 0.44-1.39
A, B, AB – 0.54-2.00
vWF Ristocetin Cofactor M/F 0 – 150 ≥0.40 U/mL
Protein C 0 - 89 days 0.2 – 0.64 U/mL
89 days - 1 year 0.4 – 0.92 U/mL
1 – 6 years 0.45 – 0.93 U/mL
6 – 11 years 0.55 – 1.11 U/mL
0 – 150 0.74 – 1.64 U/mL
Protein S 0 - 89 days 0.23 - 0.88 U/mL
89 days - 1 year 0.56 - 1.28 U/mL
1 – 6 years 0.56 - 1.28 U/mL
6 – 11 years 0.43 – 1.24 U/mL
M 6 – 150 0.70 – 1.47 U/mL
F 6 – 150 0.55 – 1.47 U/mL
AT 0 - 89 days 0.41 - 0.93 U/mL
89 days – 1 year 0.73 - 1.21 U/mL
1 – 6 years 0.82 - 1.39 U/mL
6 – 11 years 0.90 - 1.31 U/mL
11 – 16 years 0.77 - 1.32 U/mL
16 – 150 0.80 – 1.40 U/mL
Lupus Anticoagulant Ratio 0 – 150 0.8 – 1.2
PFA 200 >37 weeks up to COL/EPI 61-108 sec
2.5 years COL/ADP 48-65 sec
2.5 years – 17 COL/EPI 82-165 sec
years COL/ADP 70-110 sec
Adult (18+ years) COL/EPI 80-152 sec
COL/ADP 60-116 sec
Anti-Xa 0 – 150 * No therapeutic range.
Ballpark range is 0.5-
1.0 U/mL
Immunology
A1C (%) 0 – 150yr 4.6 – 5.9
ASOT (IU/mL) M/F >0min 0.0 – 200.0
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Interpretive Data:
Normal values can vary with the season of the year. Higher titres are suggestive of
recent infection. A two-fold or greater rise in ASO titre over 2 to 4 weeks is indicative
of a streptococcal infection.
C3 (g/L) M/F >0min 0.80 – 1.64
C4 (g/L) M/F >0min 0.140 – 0.350
CRP (mg/L) M/F >0min 0.00 – 7.99
Interpretive Data:
>8 mg/L is consistent with acute phase response to inflammation.
Cardiovascular Risk assessment:
Low risk: <1 mg/L
Average risk: 1-3 mg/L
High risk: >3 mg/L
IgA (g/L) M/F 0 – 2mth 0.01 – 0.52
2 – 3mth 0.03 – 0.47
3 – 4mth 0.05 – 0.46
4 – 5mth 0.04 – 0.73
5 – 6mth 0.08 – 0.83
6 – 7mth 0.08 – 0.67
7-10mth 0.11 – 0.90
10mth–1yr 0.16 – 0.83
1 – 2yr 0.14 – 1.05
2 – 3yr 0.14 – 1.22
3 – 4yr 0.22 – 1.57
4 – 6yr 0.25 – 1.52
6 – 9yr 0.33 – 2.00
9 – 11yr 0.45 – 2.34
>11yr 0.95 – 3.59
Interpretive Data:
Immunoglobulin testing results must be interpreted in the clinical context. Elevations
are often due to benign causes such as inflammation or infection. Unexplained
elevations, especially isolated to a single class, warrant clinical evaluation for CRAB
criteria. If a plasma cell proliferative disorder is clinically suspected, you may
contact CZClinicalChemist@nshealth.ca to discuss possible further investigations.
IgG (g/L) M/F 0 – 2mth 2.40 – 8.60
2 – 3mth 1.90 – 5.80
3 – 4mth 1.70 – 5.60
4 – 5mth 1.90 – 5.40
5 – 6mth 1.60 – 7.80
6 – 7mth 2.10 – 6.70
7 - 10mth 2.10 – 8.60
10mth – 1yr 2.80 – 10.30
1 – 2yr 3.40 – 11.60
2 – 3yr 4.00 – 10.10
3 – 4yr 4.20 – 10.90
4 – 6yr 4.40 – 11.90
6 – 9yr 6.05 – 12.30
9 – 11yr 5.90 – 15.10
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>11yr 6.50 – 15.20
Interpretive Data:
IgM (g/L) M/F 0 – 2mth 0.19 – 0.83
2 – 3mth 0.16 – 1.00
3 – 4mth 0.23 – 0.85
4 – 5mth 0.26 – 0.96
5 – 6mth 0.31 – 1.03
6 – 7mth 0.33 – 0.97
7 - 10mth 0.32 – 1.20
10mth –1yr 0.39 – 1.42
1 – 2yr 0.41 – 1.64
2 – 3yr 0.46 – 1.60
3 – 4yr 0.45 – 1.90
4 – 6yr 0.41 – 1.86
6 – 9yr 0.46 – 1.97
9 – 11yr 0.49 – 2.30
>11yr 0.46 – 3.04
Interpretive Data:
Free Kappa (mg/L) 0 – 150yr 3.30 – 19.40
Free Lambda (mg/L) 0 – 150yr 5.71 – 26.30
Free Kappa/Free Lambda 0 – 150yr 0.26 – 1.65
Interpretive Data:
Renal impairment reduces renal clearance of both free kappa and free lambda light
chains with a relative increase of kappa light chains. Therefore, the suggested
kappa: lambda ratio reference range for individuals with renal disease should extend
up to 3.10. Elevation of free kappa light chains and kappa:lambda ratio may be due
to contributions from either of both a plasma cell dyscrasia and reduced renal
function. Interpret in light of presence or absence of renal impairment, clinical and
other laboratory findings.
Rheumatoid Factor (IU/mL) M/F >0min 0.0 – 30.0
Interpretive Data:
Normal: <30.0 IU/mL
Weakly positive: 30.0-50.0 IU/mL
Positive: >50.0 IU/mL
SPE - Albumin 0 – 150yr 36.0 - 49.0 g/L
SPE – Alpha 1 0 – 150yr 2.0 - 3.7 g/L
SPE – Alpha 2 0 – 150yr 4.7 - 8.5 g/L
SPE – Beta 1 0 – 150yr 3.4 - 5.2 g/L
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SPE – Beta 2 0 – 150yr 2.1 - 4.7 g/L
SPE – Gamma 0 – 150yr 5.9 - 14.5 g/L
UPE No reference range
UIFE No reference range
M Protein Scan No reference range
Microbiology Blood Tests

Type
Lyme Disease Antibody Screen Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
Anti EBNA Serology Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
EBV IgM Serology Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
HTLV 1 and 2 Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
Measles Antibody IgG Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
Measles Antibody IgM Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
Treponema Pallidum Pa Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
Mumps Antibody IgG Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
Mumps Antibody IgM Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
Parvovirus B19 IgG Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
Parvovirus B19 IgM Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
Rapid Plasma Reagin Titre Serum (SST) Titer NA NA NA
Varicella zoster Immune status Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
Cytomegalovirus Antibody IgM Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
CMV Antibody IgG Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
HIV 1 and 2 Screening Test Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
HIV Immunoblot Confirmatory Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
Hepatitis B Core Antibody Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
Hepatitis B Surface Antibody Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
Hepatitis C Antibody Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
Hepatitis C Antibody RIBA Confirmation Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
Hepatitis C Genotyping Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
Hepatitis A Antibody IgM Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
Hepatitis A Antibody IgG Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
Rubella Antibody IgG Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
Rubella Antibody IgM Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
Syphilis Screening EIA Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
Toxoplasma Antibody IgG Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
Toxoplasma Antibody IgM Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
ANA Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
Anti-Cardiolipin IgG Serum (SST) GPL unit/mL NA NA NA
Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Serum (SST) U/mL NA NA NA
Anti-Mitochondrial 2 Serum (SST) Qualitative NA NA NA
Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase IgA Serum (SST) U/mL NA NA NA
Vasculitis Panel Serum (SST) AI NA NA NA
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Microbiology Blood Tests

Type
Hepatitis C Viral Load Serum (SST) log IU/ml NA NA NA
HIV Viral Load Plasma (EDTA) Copies/mL NA NA NA
Cytomegalovirus Quantitative PCR Plasma (EDTA) IU/mL NA NA NA
Clinical Chemistry Arterial Blood Gas Tests

Name of Test Specimen Units Low High Interpretive Critical
Type Data
pH Arterial 7.35 7.45 pH, pCO2 and <7.20 or >7.60
Blood pO2 are
(Heparinized calculated based
syringe) on the default
temperature at
37°C. When
body temperature
is higher than
37°C, the
reported PO2
and PCO2
measured at
37°C will be
lower than the
actual values in
the patient; the
converse holds
when body
temperature is
below 37°C.
PCO2 mmHg 35 45 <20 or >70
PO2 mmHg 80 100 <60
pH (cor) 7.35 7.45 Corrected pH, <7.20 or >7.60
pCO2 and pO2
are calculated
based on the
patient actual
body
temperature.
pCO2 (cor) mmHg 35 45 <20 or >70
pO2 (cor) mmHg 80 100 <60
HCO3 mmol/L 21.0 28.0 <10.0 or >40.0
Base Excess mmol/L -2.0 3.0
O2 Saturation % 94 98 Hemoglobin
(SO2) oxygen
saturation
Total Hemoglobin g/L 140 M 180 M <60
120 F 160 F
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Clinical Chemistry Arterial Blood Gas Tests

Name of Test Specimen Units Low High Interpretive Critical
Type Data
Carboxyhemoglobin % <1.5 (non- >20.0
(COHgb) smokers)
<10.0 (smokers)
>20.0 (Toxic)
>50.0 (Lethal)
Methemoglobin % 1.5 >30.0
(METHgb)
Sodium mmol/L 136 145 <120 or >160
Potassium mmol/L 3.4 5.0 <2.8 or >6.2
Chloride mmol/L 98 107
Anion Gap 8 16
Ionized Calcium mmol/L 1.15 1.27 Reference values <0.75 or >1.60
are for adults.
Glucose mmol/L 3.8 7.8 ≤16y <2.5 and >15.0
>16y <2.5 and >25.0
Lactate mmol/L 0.5 1.7 >4.0
Clinical Chemistry Venous Blood Gas Tests

Name of Test Specimen Units Low High Interpretive Data Critical
Type
pH Venous 7.32 7.43 pH, pCO2 and
Blood pO2 are
(Heparinized calculated based
syringe) on the default
temperature at
37°C. When body
temperature is
higher than 37°C,
the reported PO2
and PCO2
measured at 37°C
will be lower than
the actual values
in the patient; the
converse holds
when body
temperature is
below 37°C.
PCO2 mmHg 38 50
PO2 mmHg Reference ranges
are not
established for
venous blood
pH (cor) 7.32 7.43 Corrected pH,
pCO2 and pO2
are calculated
based on the
patient actual
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Clinical Chemistry Venous Blood Gas Tests

Name of Test Specimen Units Low High Interpretive Data Critical
Type
body temperature.
pCO2 (cor) mmHg 38 50

pO2 (cor) mmHg Reference ranges
are not
established for
venous blood
HCO3 mmol/L 22.0 29.0 <10.0 or >40.0
Base Excess mmol/L Reference ranges
are not
established for
venous blood
O2 Saturation % Hemoglobin
(SO2) oxygen saturation
Reference ranges
are not
established for
venous blood
Total Hemoglobin g/L 140 M 180 M <60
120 F 160 F
Carboxyhemoglobin % <1.5 (non- >20.0
(COHgb) smokers)
<10.0 (smokers)
>20.0 (Toxic)
>50.0 (Lethal)
Methemoglobin % 1.5 >30.0
(METHgb)
Sodium mmol/L 136 145 <120 or >160
Potassium mmol/L 3.4 5.0 <2.8 or >6.2
Chloride mmol/L 98 107
Anion Gap 8 16
Ionized Calcium mmol/L 1.15 1.27 Reference values <0.75 or >1.60
are for adults.
Glucose mmol/L 3.8 7.8 ≤16y <2.5 and >15.0
>16y <2.5 and >25.0
Lactate mmol/L 0.5 2.2 >4.0
Clinical Chemistry Urine Tests

Name of Test Specimen Gender Units Low High Critical
Type
Alb/Creat Ratio Random M/F mg/mmol <3.0 mg/mmol
Interpretive Data:
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Type
URINE ALBUMIN/CREATININE RATIO = ALB/CREAT RATIO = (U ACR)
(Previously referred to as microalbuminuria)
Normal-mildly increased: <3.0 mg/mmol
Moderately increased: 3.0-30.0 mg/mmol
Severely increased: >30.0 mg/mmol
For more information, refer to the latest Kidney Disease: Improving Global
Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines.
Amylase 24 Hr M/F U/Hr 0 16
&
timed U/TV Not established
Interpretive Data: Reference Values are for adults; reference ranges have
not been established for children.
Calcium 24 Hr M mmol/TV 0.0 7.4
& F 0.0 6.8
random Interpretive Data: Reference ranges are based on individuals consuming an
average daily intake of 600 to 800 mg of calcium per day.
Reference ranges are for adults; reference ranges have not been established
for children.
Calcium/Creatinine Random M/F mmol/mmol Not established
Ratio 0-18yr
18-83yr <0.56
Interpretive Data: Reference values have not been established for patients
<18 years or >83 years of age.
Catecholamines: 24 Hr M/F nmol/TV 0.0 136.5
Epinephrine >18yr
M/F µmol/mol urine 0-1yr: 0.0 231.0
creatinine 1-4yr: 0.0 51.0
4-11yr: 3.0 57.0
11-18yr: 2.0 36.0
>18yr: 0.0 13.0
Catecholamines: 24 Hr M/F nmol/TV 0 591
Norepinephrine >18yr
4-11yr: 18.0 72.0
11-18yr: 3.0 70.0
>18yr: 0.0 30.0
Catecholamines: 24 Hr M/F nmol/TV 392 2500
Dopamine >18yr
4-11yr: 531.0
162.0
11-18yr: 89.0 332.0
>18yr: 0.0 185.0
Chloride 24 Hr & M/F mmol/TV 110 250
random Interpretive Data: Reference Values are for adults; reference ranges have
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Type
Citrate 24 Hr M/F mmol/TV 1.7
Cortisol 24 hr M/F nmol/TV 12 486
Interpretive Data: Reference ranges are for adults; reference ranges have
Cortisol/Creatinine calculation M/F ratio Not established
ratio
Creatinine 24 Hr M mmol/TV 8.4 22.0
& timed F 6.3 14.6
Creatinine 24 Hr & M/F mL/min/1.73m2 70 138
Clearance timed Interpretive Data: Reference range has not been established for children 0-
17 years. Creatinine clearance has not been corrected to reflect the patient’s
height and weight. It has been calculated with the assumption of a normalized
body surface area of 1.73m2. eGFR based on Chronic Kidney Disease
Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation is more accurate in assessing
patient’s glomerular filtration function.
Creatinine 24 Hr & M/F mL/min/BSA 70 138
Clearance BSA timed Interpretive Data: Reference range has not been established for children 0-
corrected 17 years. Creatinine clearance has been calculated using the patient’s height
and weight provided with this request. It has been standardized to 1.73m2
body surface area.
Magnesium 24 Hr & M/F mmol/TV 3.0 5.0
Osmolality 24 Hr & M/F mmol/Kg 0-15yr: 50 0-15yr: 600
random ≥16yr: 50 ≥16yr: 1400
Oxalate 24 Hr M µmol/TV 80 490
F 40 320
Very high ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) can interfere at levels over 16 umol/TV.
Patients should refrain from taking excessive amounts of Vitamin C or Vitamin
C rich food for at least 48 hours prior to urine collection.
Phosphorus 24 Hr & M/F mmol/L Not established
random Interpretive Data: Reference ranges have not been established.
Interpretation of urinary phosphorus excretion is dependent upon the clinical
situation and should be interpreted in conjunction with the plasma phosphorus
concentration.
M/F mmol/TV 13 42
Potassium 24 Hr & M/F mmol/TV 25 125 <2 or >200
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Type
Pro/Creat Ratio Random M/F mg/mmol <24
Interpretive Data:
U PROT/CREAT RATIO = U PCR
(Previously referred to as Proteinuria)
For evaluation of preeclampsia in pregnant persons, the Society of
Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC) recommends a cut-off of
30 mg/mmol.
Protein 24 Hr & M/F mg/L 10 140
random Interpretive Data: Reference values are for adults; reference ranges have not
been established for children.
24 hour at rest: 50 - 80 mg/TV
24 hour excretion: <300 mg/TV
This cut-off is recommended by the National Kidney Foundation - Kidney
Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI).
Sodium 24 Hr & M/F mmol/TV 40 220
Urea 24 Hr & M/F mmol/TV 428 714
Uric Acid 24 Hr M/F mmol/TV 1.5 4.4
Clinical Chemistry Urinalysis

Type
Color random Yellow Dark Yellow
Clarity random Clear
Leukocyte Esterase random Leu/uL Negative
Occult Blood random Ery/uL Negative
Nitrite random Negative
pH random 5.0 8.0
Specific Gravity random 1.010 1.025
Protein random g/L Negative
Glucose random mmol/L Negative
Ketones random mmol/L Negative Trace
Urobilinogen random umol/L 3.2 16
Bilirubin random Negative
Interpretive Data: Urine examined for color, clarity and chemical analysis (by dipstick). Microscopic analysis will only
be performed if urine is cloudy, turbid or if chemical analysis demonstrates an abnormality in color, blood, protein,
leukocyte esterase or nitrite.
Note: Only elements that were seen microscopically will be appear on the report.
Non Squamous sediment /LPF None Seen
Epithelial
Squamous Epithelial sediment /LPF Male: None Male: Few
Female: None Female: Moderate
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Clinical Chemistry Urinalysis

Type
Hyaline Cast sediment /LPF 0 5
Granular Cast sediment /LPF None Seen
Renal Tubular Cells sediment /LPF None Seen
Cast
RBC Cast sediment /LPF None Seen
WBC Cast sediment /LPF None Seen
Crystal Cast sediment /LPF None Seen
Microorganism Cast sediment /LPF None Seen
Fatty Cast sediment /LPF None Seen
Waxy Cast sediment /LPF None Seen
Mixed Cast sediment /LPF None Seen
WBC sediment /HPF 0 5
RBC sediment /HPF 0 3
Bacteria sediment /HPF None Few
Yeast sediment /HPF None Seen
Trichomonas sediment /HPF None Seen
Calcium Oxalate sediment /HPF None Seen Few
Crystals
Triple Phosphate sediment /HPF None Seen
Crystals
Uric Acid Crystals sediment /HPF None Seen Few
Calcium Phosphate sediment /HPF None Seen Few
Crystals
Cystine Crystals sediment /HPF None Seen
Leucine Crystals sediment /HPF None Seen
Tyrosine Crystals sediment /HPF None Seen
Atypical Crystals sediment /HPF None Seen
Amorphous Urate sediment /HPF None Seen Few
Crystals
Amorphous sediment /HPF None Seen Few
Phosphate Crystals
Oval Fat Bodies sediment /HPF None Seen
Cholesterol Crystals sediment /HPF None Seen
Sperm sediment /HPF None Seen
Clinical Chemistry Stool Tests

Type
Occult Blood Stool negative
Interpretive Data: Please note that this test cannot be considered to provide conclusive
evidence for the presence or absence of gastrointestinal bleeding in view of limited
sensitivity and specificity.
Clinical Chemistry CSF Tests

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Type
Glucose CSF mmol/L 0-6yr: 3.33 0-6yr: 4.44
>6yr: 2.22 >6yr: 3.89
Interpretive Data: Spinal fluid (CSF) glucose concentration is about 60% that of plasma.
Approximately 2-4 hours are required for the CSF glucose to reflect any change in
plasma glucose.
Lactate CSF mmol/L 2wk-18yr: 1.10 2wk-18yr: 2.80
>18yr: 1.10 >18yr: 2.40
Interpretive Data: Results greater than 3.90 mmol/L are suggestive of bacterial
meningitis and lower results suggestive of viral meningitis. CSF lactate concentrations
decrease after treatment with antibiotics; therefore, specimens should be collected prior
to initiation of antibiotics.
Protein, Total CSF g/L Premature: 0.15 Premature: 1.30
Full term: 0.40 Full term: 1.20
0-1mth: 0.20 0-1mth: 0.80
>1mth: 0.15 >1mth: 0.45
Clinical Chemistry Body Fluid Tests

Type
BF Albumin Body Fluid g/L No reference range established
BF Amylase Body Fluid U/L No reference range established
Interpretive Data:
No reference range has been established so interpretation is qualitative and thought to
be positive for pancreatitis if >1250 U/L (10 times the plasma normal range).
BF Bili T Body Fluid umol/L No reference range established
Interpretive Data:
The test result should be integrated into the clinical context for interpretation. Elevated
body fluid bilirubin is suggestive of an exudative fluid.
BF Chylomicrons Pleural Fluid Absent
Peritoneal Fluid
Note:
The specimen will also be tested for Triglyceride, therefore, see also BF Trig interpretive
data.
BF Creatinine Body Fluid umol/L No reference range established
BF Glucose Body Fluid mmol/L No reference range established
BF LD Body Fluid U/L No reference range established
BF Potassium Body Fluid mmol/L No reference range established
BF Sodium Body Fluid mmol/L No reference range established
BF TP Body Fluid g/L No reference range established

Type
Doc#: 40243 Page 39 of 40
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Ranges Current
Clinical Chemistry Body Fluid Tests

BF Trig Pleural Fluid mmol/L No reference range established
Peritoneal Fluid
Interpretive Data:
Pleural Fluid:
Triglyceride concentrations over 1.24 mmol/L are consistent with a chylous effusion.
Triglyceride concentrations below 0.57 mmol/L are usually not due to chylous effusions.
Peritoneal Fluid:
Triglyceride concentrations over 2.11 mmol/L are most consistent with chylous effusion.
BF Urea Body Fluid mmol/L No reference range established
DF CRE mMperL Dialysate Fluid mmol/L No reference range established
DF CRE mMperTV mmol/TV
DF GLU per L Dialysate Fluid mmol/L No reference range established
DF GLU per TV mmol/TV
DF NA per L Dialysate Fluid mmol/L No reference range established
DF NA per TV mmol/TV
DF UREA per L Dialysate Fluid mmol/L No reference range established
DF UREA per TV mmol/TV
PCF Amylase Pancreatic Cyst U/L No reference range established
Fluid
Interpretive Data:
Concentration of greater than 250 U/L is nonspecific and occurs both in pseudocysts
and some mucin-producing cystic neoplasms.
Concentration of less than 250 U/L indicates a low risk of a pseudocyst and is more
consistent with cystic neoplasms.
Synovial Analysis Crystals Synovial fluid NA
Notes:
Qualitative = Result Positive or Negative
NA = No Reference Range
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Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Nova Scotia Health

TITLE: Laboratory Test Reference Ranges Doc #: 40243

Anatomical Pathology Blood Tests

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Anti-Thyroid M/F >0min IU/mL <6

Beta 2 M >0min nmol/L <194.0

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Creatine Kinase M >0min U/L 30 300

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F >18yr 19.8 155.0

Sodium M/F >0min mmol/L 136 145 <120 or >160

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