Bridging Past and Present

Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University- Andrews Campus

Tuguegarao City, 3500 Cagayan
COLLEGE OF ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES
BRIDGING PAST AND PRESENT: RIZAL’S RELEVANCE IN THE MODERN ERA
Kaye Anne B. Adriosula Catherine L. Alan

Research Proponent Research Proponent
Kisen Kaisha T. Balisi Marvin B. Banan

Lylee Roxanne O. Biton Hannah Alyssa N. Conseja

Angelo Aerrian Y. Dumlao Aira Shayne Mabborang

Jay Emmanuel Asuncion

Life and Works of Rizal Professor
A Research Academic Paper

Submitted to the Faculty of College of Allied Health Sciences
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the course Life and Works of Rizal
June 04. 2024
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page 1
Table of Contents 2
I. Chapter 1 3
A. Introduction
B. Objectives
C. Significance of the Study
II. Review of Related Literature
III. Discussion
IV. Conclusion
V. References
CHAPTER I
A. Introduction
In the Philippine historical landscape, Jose Rizal serves as one of the most revered figures due to
his contributions to the nationalist movement of the country. He is a polymath, where he played a
plethora of important roles in his life such as being a novelist, poet, ophthalmologist, journalist, and
revolutionary. His life and works played a pivotal role in shaping the identity of the Filipino and
consciousness during the late 19th century (Ravin, 2001 & DeStephano, 2015).
His contributions to Philippine society are monumental where his two popular novels, Noli Me
Tangere and El Filibusterismo, revealed the injustices and corruption of Spanish colonial rule, which
awakened the sense of nationalism and inspired Filipinos to fight for independence. His writings,
exhibits the needs to call for reform and social justice, provided a non-violent path to freedom,
showcasing his belief in the power of education and critical thinking over armed conflict. His execution
by the Spanish authorities further empowered his status as a martyr and a symbol of the fight for
independence (Ravin, 2001). In addition, his relevance still remains even in today’s world as his ideas
on social justice, education, and national identity still remain as a valuable lessons to address societal
issues, especially in socio-political landscape where his intellectual empowerment and peaceful reform
remains particularly pertinent (Borla, 2023 & Vanguardia, 2023). Due to this manner, acknowledging
the relevance of Jose Rizal is important. Firstly, it helps in the preservation of the national heritage and
keeps alive the memory of the struggles and sacrifices that have been made to achieve the independence
of the Philippines. Secondly, it provides a framework to understand issues that we are facing today
through the lens of historical context, which foster a deeper appreciation for the principles of justice and
freedom. Lastly, the legacy of Jose Rizal serves as a unifying force to bridge the generational gaps and
promote a shared national identity rooted in a rich cultural past (Department of Education, 2022).
Thus, this paper aims to assess the relevance of José Rizal in the contemporary world through
analyzing his core values, including his concept of nationalism, social justice, and critical thinking, to
evaluate his continued significance in the 21st century. It will examine how the legacy of Jose Rizal has
been taught and comprehended today, including in popular culture, historical remembrance, and
educational institutions. In addition, the study will also assess its influence in globalization and political
upheavals Furthermore, this paper will explore more possible applications of theories of Rizal to current
societal issues in the Philippines, such as poverty and political corruption, and identifying any existing
gaps or inconsistencies in preserving his relevance in contemporary times. By connecting the past and
present, this study seeks to demonstrate how historical figures like Rizal can serve as a guide and inspire
Filipinos to achieve a more just and equitable society. It will be beneficial to educators, researchers,
cultural institutions and museums, and policymakers, while ordinary citizens can draw inspiration from
his life and ideals that will be integral to their development.
B. Objectives
A research study designed to assess the relevance of Rizal in the modern era had the following
objectives:
Objective I: To analyze the core values of Rizal, including nationalism, social justice, and critical thinking, and
to assess his continued significance in the 21st century.
Objective II: Examine the ways in which Rizal’s legacy is taught and understood today, including popular
culture, historical remembrance, and educational institutions.
Objective III: Assess the influence of globalization and political upheavals on the view of Rizal’s relevance in
view of:
a. Social
b. Political
c. Economic Development
Objective IV: Determine possible areas in which Rizal’s theories can be used to address current issues facing
society, specifically in the Philippines, such as poverty and political corruption.
Objective V: Identify any gaps or inconsistencies that could exist in preserving Rizal’s relevance in the 21st
century.
C. Significance of the Study
The study "Bridging Past and Present: Rizal's Relevance in the Modern Era" examines Jose Rizal's
influence on modern society, which has lasted for a long time despite his crucial role in Philippine history.
Through a contemporary analysis of Rizal's life, works, and ideals, this study illuminates the legacy's ongoing
impact on Philippine culture, identity, and social development. The present study establishes a crucial
connection between the past and the present by providing an understanding of Rizal's support for social justice,
nationalism, and education as pertinent remedies for contemporary societal issues. This study also highlights
how timeless Rizal's principles are for pointing people and communities in the direction of progress and a better
future.
Furthermore, this study may be beneficial to the following:
To Students. This study offers a valuable educational resource that promotes critical thinking, thoughtful
conversation, and scholarly inquiry while also preserving the cultural legacy of the Philippines. Students can
gain insights into Jose Rizal's life and works, enhancing their understanding of the country's social, political,
and cultural landscape.
To Parents and Guardians: This study serves as a tool for parents to teach their children about national
heroes, Philippine history, and Rizal's principles, providing a platform for discussions on history, identity,
societal advancement, social justice, education, and cultural preservation.
To Teachers and Professors. Educators can benefit from this study by incorporating Rizal's relevance into
their curriculum, lesson plans, and classroom discussions. It offers educators a framework for exploring
historical figures, national identity, and the impact of individuals on society. By integrating Rizal's principles
into their teachings, educators can inspire students to reflect on their roles as responsible citizens and agents of
change in the modern world.
To Society. This study aims to enhance societal awareness, social consciousness, and appreciation by
highlighting Rizal's enduring relevance and principles. It contributes to a deeper understanding of Philippine
culture, values, and aspirations, encouraging reflection on social justice, nationalism, and education's role in
shaping a progressive society.
To Policymakers and government officials: Policymakers and government officials can greatly benefit from
this study's insights into the cultural relevance, historical background, and societal influence of individuals such
as Jose Rizal. Given Rizal's continued relevance in the contemporary day, legislators should use his ideas on
social justice, nationalism, and education as a guide for enacting laws that advance inclusivity, equity, and
social advancement.
To Cultural institutions and museums. This study suggests that museums and cultural organizations can
enhance public awareness, support cultural heritage, and spark meaningful conversations about national identity
and values by incorporating Rizal's contributions to Philippine history and culture into their exhibitions,
educational programs, and cultural projects.
To Future Researchers: This study provides a foundation for future research on historical personalities like
Rizal and their impact on modern society. It offers opportunities for further analysis and scholarly investigation
into the relationship between culture, history, and societal advancement. The findings can be expanded upon by
future academics to further discuss Rizal's legacy.
II. Review of Related Literature
Legacy of Jose Rizal
Rizal’s legacy is characterized by a plethora of themes such as patriotism, courage, and knowledge
which mirrors the mirror role he played in the historical landscape of the Philippines. His advocacy towards
education and enlightenment serves as a foundation of its importance in shaping the nation’s identity. In fact,his
commitment to freedom and justice still resonates in the hearts of Filipinos. His legacy calls for the need for
action, which urges individuals to brace themselves and direct their efforts towards reforms and innovations in
contemporary society. Ultimately, Rizal's influence extends beyond historical significance as its efforts still
continuously inspire Filipinos even in today's world (Office of the Vice President., 2023).
At DePaul University, the Division of Student Affairs (nd), stated that the legacy of Rizal serves as a
testament of his enduring commitment to his country, and also in his pursuit of justice and reform. In fact, his
two well-known literary works, "Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo," reveals the injustices of Spanish
colonial rule and inspired Filipinos to strive for independence and equality. Despite facing persecution and exile
for his actions, Rizal remained firm in his belief in non-violent resistance and the power of education to create
change. Up until now, his legacy still continues to inspire Filipinos, which serves as a reminder of the
importance of courage, intellectual inquiry, and unwavering dedication to the pursuit of justice and freedom.
Moreover, according to Infante (nd), legacy lies in his fight for change and freedom during Spanish
colonial rule. Growing up in a time of injustice, he used his education and writings to expose the problems and
inspire others to stand up against injustices. His books, such as "Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo,"
sparked a spirit of resistance among Filipinos. Rizal believed in the power of education and peaceful protest,
showing that words can be as strong as actions. His legacy lives on as a symbol of Filipino courage and
determination for a better future.
In addition, Jose Rizal's legacy as the national hero of the Philippines is characterized by his
intelligence, patriotism, and unwavering commitment to his country's independence. Born on June 19, 1861, in
Calamba, Laguna, Rizal's early education, primarily guided by his mother, laid the foundation for his
intellectual prowess. Despite the complexities of the Spanish educational system, Rizal excelled, earning
degrees in land surveying, arts, philosophy, and medicine from prestigious institutions in Manila, Madrid, Paris,
and Heidelberg. His travels across Europe, where he learned 22 languages, enriched his understanding of global
cultures and politics. Rizal's novels, "Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo," exposed the injustices of the
Spanish colonial government, inspiring his compatriots to seek reform. His exile in Dapitan didn't diminish his
zeal; he continued his medical practice, agricultural projects, and educational endeavors. Despite facing
persecution and eventual execution on December 30, 1896, Rizal's beliefs in the potential of Filipinos and his
philosophies on education, religion, politics, ethics, and society left an indelible mark on the nation's history.
His life and works remain a beacon of inspiration for future generations, embodying the virtues of intelligence,
courage, and profound love for the motherland (Gomez, 2018).
Rizal's Educational Philosophy and Practice
Jose Rizal's educational philosophy and practice were grounded in his belief that education is the
foundation of society and a prerequisite for social progress. Rizal argued that only through education could the
Philippines be liberated from Spanish domination. He emphasized the importance of developing the people's
mentality to elevate the country to the highest seat of glory. His early education, influenced by his mother and
Jesuit mentors, instilled in him a love for knowledge and intellectual development. Rizal's educational
experiences in Europe further broadened his understanding, leading him to advocate for a progressive education
system that fosters critical thinking, nationalism, and social responsibility. His dedication to education was
evident in his efforts to teach and share knowledge with others, believing that enlightenment and education
were more powerful tools for societal transformation than violence (Department of Education, 2022).
According to Bonus (2014), Jose Rizal emphasized the crucial role of education in achieving national
progress and social transformation. In his work "Instruction," Rizal advocated for improvements in schools and
teaching methods, believing that education is the foundation of society and essential for social progress. He
posited that education's mission is to elevate the country to the highest level of glory by developing the people's
mentality and cultivating their intelligence. Rizal believed that proper motivation is key to educational success
and that schools should create an innate desire in youth to develop their intellect, moral values, and physical
well-being. According to Rizal, schools must train individuals to live efficiently both as individuals and as
members of the community, preparing them for moral, intellectual, and physical aspects of life.
Jose Rizal was deeply influenced by the ideals of the Enlightenment, emphasizing the importance of
education in societal progress and individual development. Rizal believed that education's mission is to elevate
the country to its highest potential and to cultivate the people's mentality. His educational philosophy centers on
moral, intellectual, and physical development, advocating for the school to prepare individuals to live efficiently
both as individuals and community members. Rizal's exposure to Enlightenment ideas, both directly through his
readings and indirectly through public discourse and social interactions, shaped his advocacy for social reforms,
tolerance, and civil government. He saw education as a foundational element for social progress and national
liberation from colonial domination (Sicat, 2019)
Furthermore, Gomez (2018), eloquently stated that Jose Rizal's educational philosophy emphasized
early intellectual development, practical application of knowledge, and lifelong learning. Influenced by
Enlightenment ideals, he believed in broad and comprehensive education, mastering multiple languages and
excelling in various academic and artistic fields. Rizal's education was not merely theoretical; he applied his
medical skills practically and engaged in community service, notably during his exile in Dapitan where he built
a school and taught. His patriotism and desire for social reforms motivated his educational pursuits, integrating
moral and ethical education to cultivate civic responsibility. Despite numerous challenges, Rizal remained
resilient, adapting to different educational environments and drawing from personal experiences to shape his
holistic approach to education.
Relevance of Rizal's work in Contemporary Society
Rizal's enduring relevance in contemporary society stems from his multifaceted persona as a polymath,
embodying excellence in both science and art, while exemplifying selfless love for his country and people. His
life story serves as an inspiration for the youth, illustrating the importance of perseverance, sacrifice, and hard
work in the pursuit of one's goals, even in the face of adversity. Furthermore, Rizal's advocacy for peaceful
reforms and his forward-thinking mindset resonate with today's efforts towards social justice and sustainable
development. By reflecting on his legacy, the youth are encouraged to embrace diversity, champion equality,
and actively contribute to the betterment of society, thus fostering a sense of national pride and collective
responsibility for shaping a brighter future (Jimenez, 2018).
Jimenez (2019), eloquently stated in its article that in today's political arena, the enduring relevance of
Jose Rizal, the Philippines' national hero, transcends time, offering a guiding light for contemporary politicians
amidst the complexities of modern governance. Rizal's legacy embodies a set of exemplary qualities and
principles that remain profoundly pertinent to the challenges faced by Filipino society today. His unwavering
passion for excellence serves as a clarion call for politicians to pursue the highest standards of governance and
public service.
In addition, in addressing contemporary social challenges, his advocacy remains important, especially
concerning cultural identity and the influence of Western literature on Filipino traditions. On the other hand, in
political landscapes, his principles of social justice and national consciousness resonate with the ongoing quest
for political reform and empowerment, which emphasize integrity, education, and the rights of marginalized
sectors. By studying Rizal's works, policymakers and activists can draw inspiration to advance the agenda of
social justice and inclusive governance. Rizal's enduring relevance extends beyond historical admiration,
offering invaluable guidance for addressing modern challenges and cultivating a more inclusive, empowered,
and culturally enriched society in the Philippines (Borla, 2023).
Jose Rizal's relevance in economic development is underscored by his enduring wisdom, encapsulated in
his famous quote: "Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makakarating sa paroroonan"
(Those who do not know how to look back at where they came from will never get to their destination). This
quote serves as a poignant reminder for the Duterte administration and its economic managers to reflect on their
policies amidst the worst economic collapse in Philippine history. (Africa, 2020).
In terms of political sphere, Rizal relevance is still significant especially in addressing the rampant
issues about corruption and inefficiency in government bureaucracy. The experiences and observations of Rizal
about abuses and injustices during the colonial era which can be seen in his write-ups showcase the challenges
faced by modern civil servants. Rizal's leadership, characterized by incorruptibility and a dedication to the
common good, serves as a model for contemporary leaders and civil servants. His emphasis on national
sentiment, which prioritizes the welfare of the nation over personal agenda remains significant in combating
corruption and promoting good governance. By embodying the principles of leadership and service of Rizal, the
government can contribute to meaningful social, economic, and political reforms, which transforms the systems
into an efficient instrument for positive change in the Philippines (Palafox, 2012).
Preserving Rizal’s Relevance
In preserving the life and works of Rizal, the government implemented the Republic Act No. 1425 or
also known as Rizal Law, which mandated the inclusion of courses on Rizal's life, works, and writings in the
curricula of the educational sphere. Moreover, the law directs the translation of Rizal's writings into English,
Tagalog, and principal Philippine dialects, which facilitates wider accessibility through cheap, popular editions
distributed free of charge to individuals across the country. With the authorization of funds to support these
efforts, Republic Act No. 1425 stands as a significant tool for preserving and promoting the legacy of Jose Rizal
in the Philippines (Official Gazette, 1956).
It was cited in the study of Ortiz (2020), that there was discrepancy between the mandated inclusion of
Jose Rizal's life and works in the Philippine social studies curriculum, aimed at inspiring patriotism, and the
perceived effectiveness of the teaching approach, often described as "lifeless and barren." However, a
transformative educational experience under Professor Paul A. Dumol highlights the potential for a more
engaging and impactful curriculum. By merging autobiographical, biographical, and political strands, Dumol's
approach emphasizes nationhood as an ongoing project shaped by individuals, inspiring students to comprehend
their power as citizens and fostering a firm conviction in their role and duties. This suggests a gap in the
preservation of Rizal's relevance, where innovative teaching methodologies like Dumol's have the potential to
bridge the divide and inspire transformation in both individuals and society In addition, Dumol & Camposano
(2018), stated that despite the lofty directive of the Rizal Law that his works serve as an "inspiring source of
patriotism" for today's youth, there exists a significant gap in preserving the relevance of Rizal's life and works.
The current curricula often present a reverential reading of Rizal's life and works, resulting in a
decontextualized understanding that renders his ideas barren. Without contextualization of how Rizal's ideas
emerged within the social conditions of his time, a crucial truth remains obscured: that the thoughts and actions
of individuals have a profound impact on the ongoing project of the nation.
Jose Rizal's influence extends far beyond historical textbooks; it permeates Filipino pop culture in
multifaceted ways. From his writings taught in schools to his face adorning currency and stamps, Rizal's iconic
image and spirit are ubiquitous in Filipino society. "RIZALizing the Future," an exhibit commemorating the
150th anniversary of Rizal's birth and the 100th anniversary of the Yuchengco Group of Companies, showcases
how Rizal's persona has been embraced and reimagined in popular culture. Through artwork, memorabilia, and
archival photographs, the exhibit delves into the various ways Filipinos pay tribute to Rizal, whether through
spiritual reverence, monumental statues, or branding campaigns inspired by his values. Visitors can explore
Rizal's personal artifacts, including sketches and jewelry, as well as contemporary interpretations of his legacy
by artists like Team Manila. The exhibit also invites contemplation on Rizal's ideals through a meditative
walking area featuring excerpts from his writings. Alongside the exhibit, "Nights of Rizal" offers a diverse
program of events, from street parties to book launches, showcasing the enduring relevance of Rizal's legacy in
Filipino culture. Through initiatives like "RIZALizing the Future," Rizal's influence continues to evolve,
resonating with new generations and shaping the cultural landscape of the Philippines (Cheng, 2011). In
addition, it was stated in the article of Godinez (2020), that in contemporary world,Rizal's image has been
reimagined in various forms, from apparel brands like Team Manila featuring his iconic silhouette to video
games like Tekken introducing a character named Josie Rizal, a kickboxing expert adorned with Philippine flag
colors. Moreover, Rizal's influence extends to the music industry, with albums like "Rock Rizal" paying
homage to his revolutionary spirit. Even in manga and fictional stories, Rizal's persona continues to captivate
audiences, demonstrating his enduring relevance in modern society. Whether through graphic novels, craft beer
inspired by his literary characters, or cinematic portrayals on screen, Jose Rizal remains a symbol of resilience
and cultural identity in contemporary Filipino culture.
III. Discussion
Theme 1: Core Values of Rizal and his Continued Significance
Theoretical Assumption: Rizal's core values of nationalism, social justice, and critical thinking remain
relevant in the 21st century, providing a framework for understanding contemporary societal issues.
It reveals that the core values of Jose Rizal remain relevant in the 21st century, where it provides a
framework for understanding contemporary societal issues. This assertion finds support in the review of related
literature, which underscores Rizal's enduring legacy as a symbol of courage, patriotism, and knowledge in
shaping the Filipino identity. His advocacy for education and enlightenment helps in addressing the societal
challenges through utilizing his idea of critical thinking and social justice. His commitment to education as a
tool for societal progress aligns with modern perspectives on the importance of education in fostering informed
citizenship and promoting social mobility (Office of the Vice President, 2023). Moreover, Rizal as a polymath
exemplifies the depth of his engagement with various disciplines and his unwavering dedication to the
betterment of his country and people. The literature also emphasizes Rizal's enduring relevance as an
inspirational figure whose life story exemplifies the values of perseverance and sacrifice. In navigating the
complexities of modern society, individuals can draw inspiration from Rizal's steadfast commitment to his
principles and his willingness to make personal sacrifices for the greater good (Jimenez, 2018). Overall, the
discussion underscores the continued relevance of Rizal's core values in providing a moral compass and guiding
principles for addressing contemporary societal issues. By embracing Rizal's legacy, individuals can cultivate a
deeper understanding of national identity, social responsibility, and the pursuit of justice in the modern era.
Theme 2: Teaching and Understanding Rizal's Legacy
Theoretical Assumption: The methods of teaching and understanding Rizal's legacy have evolved over
time, reflecting changing perspectives and educational approaches.
The methods of teaching and understanding Rizal's legacy changes overtime, which reflects the
changing perspectives and educational approaches. This assertion is supported by the review of related
literature, which highlights the diverse mediums through how the legacy of Rizal has been imparted towards
people.The mandated inclusion of Rizal's life and works in the curriculum, as stipulated by the Rizal Law,
underscores the formalized efforts to ensure that future generations are educated about his contributions to
Philippine history and culture (Official Gazette, 1956). However, despite these regulatory measures, there exists
a gap in the effectiveness of teaching methodologies, with traditional approaches often criticized as "lifeless and
barren" (Ortiz, 2020). The literature suggests that innovative approaches, such as Professor Paul A. Dumol's
transformative educational experience, hold promise in bridging this gap and inspiring meaningful engagement
with Rizal's ideas (Ortiz, 2020). By integrating autobiographical, biographical, and political strands, Dumol's
approach offers a more holistic understanding of Rizal's life and legacy, encouraging students to comprehend
their power as citizens and fostering a firm conviction in their role and duties. In essence, the discussion
underscores the dynamic nature of teaching and understanding Rizal's legacy, emphasizing the need for
innovative pedagogical approaches to ensure its continued relevance and resonance with contemporary
audiences. By embracing diverse methodologies and perspectives, educators can cultivate a deeper appreciation
for Rizal's contributions and inspire future generations to uphold his ideals of nationalism, social justice, and
critical thinking.
Theme 3: Influence of Globalization and Political Upheavals
Theoretical Assumption: Globalization and political upheavals shape the view of Rizal's relevance,
impacting social, political, and economic development.
The theoretical assumption posits that globalization and political upheavals shape the view of Rizal's
relevance, impacting social, political, and economic development. This assertion is supported by the review of
related literature, which highlights Rizal's enduring relevance in contemporary politics and governance. Rizal's
principles of leadership and service, as elucidated by Jimenez (2019), offer valuable guidance for navigating the
complexities of modern governance. His emphasis on integrity, education, and the rights of marginalized
sectors serves as a model for good governance, particularly in the context of addressing systemic injustices and
advocating for reforms. By embodying Rizal's ideals, contemporary leaders can foster a more equitable and
inclusive political landscape, rooted in compassion, equity, and justice. Moreover, Rizal's insights into
corruption and economic development provide valuable lessons for addressing contemporary issues such as
poverty and political corruption (Africa, 2020). His critique of corruption extends beyond mere condemnation,
delving into the systemic roots and societal implications of corrupt practices. By drawing on Rizal's insights,
policymakers and advocates can develop more effective strategies to combat political corruption and promote
economic development, thus fostering a more just and equitable society. In essence, the discussion underscores
the relevance of Rizal's principles and insights in navigating the complexities of contemporary politics and
governance. By embracing his ideals of integrity, education, and social justice, policymakers can work towards
building a more inclusive and prosperous society, guided by the vision of a nation that upholds the rights and
dignity of all its citizens.
Theme 4: Application of Rizal's Theories to Address Current Issues
Theoretical Assumption: Rizal's theories can be applied to address current societal issues, such as
poverty and political corruption, by promoting education, social justice, and national consciousness.
Rizal's theories can be applied to address current societal issues, such as poverty and political
corruption, by promoting education, social justice, and national consciousness. This assertion finds support in
the review of related literature, which highlights Rizal's enduring relevance in addressing contemporary
challenges. Rizal's emphasis on education as a means of empowerment, as discussed by the Senate of the
Philippines (2009), aligns with modern approaches to poverty alleviation. Providing access to quality education
for all is essential for breaking the cycle of poverty and empowering individuals to improve their socio-
economic status. By drawing on Rizal's advocacy for education, policymakers can develop comprehensive
strategies to tackle poverty and promote inclusive growth, thus fostering a more equitable and prosperous
society. Furthermore, Rizal's advocacy for social justice and nationalism resonates with efforts to address
inequality and promote inclusive growth (Palafox, 2012). His principles of social justice underscore the
importance of addressing systemic injustices and promoting the welfare of marginalized communities. By
incorporating Rizal's ideals into policy frameworks, policymakers can work towards building a more just and
equitable society, where all individuals have equal access to opportunities and resources. Additionally, Rizal's
critique of corruption offers insights into combating political corruption and promoting good governance
(Diokno, 2011). His condemnation of abuses and injustices during the colonial era serves as a reminder of the
importance of integrity, transparency, and accountability in public service. By drawing on Rizal's insights,
policymakers can develop more effective strategies to combat political corruption, promote ethical leadership,
and ensure the efficient delivery of public services. In essence, the discussion underscores the applicability of
Rizal's theories in addressing contemporary societal issues. By drawing on his advocacy for education, social
justice, and good governance, policymakers can work towards building a more inclusive, equitable, and
prosperous society, guided by the vision of a nation that upholds the rights and dignity of all its citizens.
Theme 5: Preservation of Rizal's Relevance
Theoretical Assumption*: The preservation of Rizal's relevance requires innovative approaches to

teaching, cultural initiatives, and policy interventions.
The theoretical assumption posits that the preservation of Rizal's relevance requires innovative
approaches to teaching, cultural initiatives, and policy interventions. This assertion finds support in the review
of related literature, which underscores both the efforts made to preserve Rizal's legacy and the existing gaps in
these preservation efforts. Initiatives such as "RIZALizing the Future" and the Rizal Law have been instrumental
in preserving and promoting Rizal's legacy through cultural exhibitions, educational programs, and policy
mandates (Cheng, 2011; Official Gazette, 1956). These initiatives aim to ensure that future generations are
educated about Rizal's contributions to Philippine history and culture, thereby fostering a sense of national pride
and identity. However, despite these efforts, there remains a gap in preserving the relevance of Rizal's life and
works. As noted by Dumol & Camposano (2018), the current curricula often present a reverential reading of
Rizal's life and works, resulting in a decontextualized understanding that renders his ideas barren. Traditional
teaching methodologies may fail to engage students meaningfully with Rizal's ideas, thus limiting their
appreciation of his contributions to Philippine society. To address this gap, innovative teaching methodologies
and contextualized understanding are needed. Professor Paul A. Dumol's transformative educational experience
provides an example of how innovative approaches can bridge this gap and inspire meaningful engagement with
Rizal's ideas (Dumol & Camposano, 2018). By merging autobiographical, biographical, and political strands,
Dumol's approach emphasizes nationhood as an ongoing project shaped by individuals, inspiring students to
comprehend their power as citizens and fostering a firm conviction in their role and duties. In essence, the
discussion highlights the importance of ongoing efforts to preserve Rizal's relevance in the 21st century. While
existing initiatives have laid a foundation for this preservation, there is a need for continued innovation in
teaching methodologies and cultural initiatives to ensure that Rizal's legacy remains vibrant and impactful for
future generations.
Theme 6: Gaps and Inconsistencies in Preserving Rizal’s Relevance
Theoretical Assumption: Despite efforts to preserve Rizal's relevance, there are significant gaps and
inconsistencies that hinder the comprehensive understanding and promotion of his legacy in the 21st
century.
A plethora of critical gaps and inconsistencies emerged in preserving Rizal's relevance in the 21st
century. Despite legislative mandates such as Republic Act No. 1425 and various cultural initiatives, challenges
persist in effectively communicating Rizal's significance to contemporary audiences. Traditional teaching
methodologies often fall short in engaging students, resulting in a superficial understanding of Rizal's ideas and
ideals (Ortiz, 2020). Moreover, there is a noticeable lack of inclusivity in cultural promotion efforts, with
certain demographics being overlooked or marginalized (Cheng, 2011). These identified gaps underscore the
urgent need for innovative approaches to teaching and cultural programming that resonate with diverse
audiences and foster a deeper appreciation of Rizal's legacy. By addressing these challenges through targeted
interventions and policy reforms, stakeholders can ensure the continued relevance and resonance of Rizal's
ideas in contemporary Filipino society. Innovative teaching methodologies, inclusive cultural initiatives, and
policy reforms aimed at bridging these gaps will be essential in preserving and promoting Rizal's legacy for
future generations.
IV. Conclusion
In conclusion, this paper exhibits the significance of Jose Rizal in the contemporary world, through
highlighting the profound impact of his core values, teachings, and insights on contemporary Filipino society. It
is revealed that Rizal’s legacy provides a vital framework for comprehending and addressing pressing societal
issues. However, despite putting efforts to teach and understand his legacy, significant challenges still emerge,
especially in effectively communicating his relevance to diverse audiences, necessitating innovative approaches
to education and cultural programming. Moreover, the influence of globalization and political upheavals
underscores the relevance of Rizal's principles in navigating modern governance, combating corruption, and
promoting economic development. While Rizal's theories offer valuable insights into addressing contemporary
challenges such as poverty and political corruption, gaps persist in preserving his relevance, highlighting the
need for policy reforms and inclusive initiatives. Moving forward, stakeholders must prioritize innovative
teaching methodologies, inclusive cultural initiatives, and interdisciplinary research to ensure the continued
resonance and impact of Rizal's legacy in shaping Filipino identity and guiding societal progress. By embracing
these recommendations, society can honor Rizal's contributions and inspire future generations to uphold his
ideals of nationalism, social justice, and critical thinking in the pursuit of a more just, equitable, and prosperous
nation.
V. References
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Republic of the Philippines

Cagayan State University- Andrews Campus

BRIDGING PAST AND PRESENT: RIZAL’S RELEVANCE IN THE MODERN ERA

Kaye Anne B. Adriosula Catherine L. Alan

Kisen Kaisha T. Balisi Marvin B. Banan

Lylee Roxanne O. Biton Hannah Alyssa N. Conseja

Angelo Aerrian Y. Dumlao Aira Shayne Mabborang

Jay Emmanuel Asuncion

A Research Academic Paper

C. Significance of the Study

Furthermore, this study may be beneficial to the following:

II. Review of Related Literature

Legacy of Jose Rizal

Rizal's Educational Philosophy and Practice

Relevance of Rizal's work in Contemporary Society

Preserving Rizal’s Relevance

Theme 1: Core Values of Rizal and his Continued Significance

Theme 2: Teaching and Understanding Rizal's Legacy

Theme 3: Influence of Globalization and Political Upheavals

Theme 4: Application of Rizal's Theories to Address Current Issues

Theme 5: Preservation of Rizal's Relevance

Theoretical Assumption*: The preservation of Rizal's relevance requires innovative approaches to

Theme 6: Gaps and Inconsistencies in Preserving Rizal’s Relevance

Division of Student Affairs. (n.d.). Jose Rizal. Retrieved from

Bonus, M. C. R. (2014, November 3). A glimpse on educational Philosophy of Filipino Educators.

Official Gazette. (1956, June 12). Republic Act No. 1425.

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