VANCOUVER REFERENCE STYLE EFERENCE STYLE

In Vancouver style all references should be numbered in sequence [in square brackets] in the
text and listed in the same numerical order in the reference section. See below examples of
references listed in the Vancouver style:

ARTICLE IN JOURNALS

STANDARD JOURNAL REFERENCE

If the number of authors exceeds six then et al. will be used after three names (the term “et al.”
should be in italics.)

Cortright DN, Szallasi A. TRP channels and pain. Curr Pharm Des 2009; 15(15): 1736-49.

Shahrestani P, Mueller LD, Rose MR. Does aging stop? Curr Aging Sci 2009; 2(1): 3-11.

MORE THAN SIX AUTHORS

Frankel AE, Zuckero SL, Mankin AA, et al. Anti-CD3 recombinant diphtheria immunotoxin
therapy of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Curr Drug Targets 2009; 10(2):104-9.

ARTICLE IN NON-SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL

Manning R. Super organics. Wired 2004 May; pp. 176-81.

ORGANIZATION AS AUTHOR

The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. Clinical exercise stress testing. Safety and
performance guidelines. Med J Aust 1996; 164: 282-4.

Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Hypertension, insulin, and proinsulin in

participants with impaired glucose tolerance. Hypertension 2002; 40(5): 679-86.

NO AUTHOR GIVEN

21st century heart solution may have a sting in the tail. BMJ 2002; 325(7357): 184.

Cancer in South Africa [editorial]. S Afr Med J 1994; 84: 15.

Anonymous can also be used in place of author names

Anonymous. 21st century heart solution may have a sting in the tail. BMJ 2002; 325(7357): 184.

ARTICLE NOT IN ENGLISH

1
Ryder TE, Haukeland EA, Solhaug JH. Bilateral infrapatellar seneruptur hos tidligere frisk
kvinne. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 1996; 116: 41-2.

VOLUME WITH SUPPLEMENT

Shen HM, Zhang QF. Risk assessment of nickel carcinogenicity and occupational lung cancer.
Environ Health Perspect 1994; 102(Suppl 1): 275-82.

ISSUE WITH SUPPLEMENT

Payne DK, Sullivan MD, Massie MJ. Women's psychological reactions to breast cancer. Semin
Oncol 1996; 23(1 Suppl 2): 89-97.

VOLUME WITH PART

Ozben T, Nacitarhan S, Tuncer N. Plasma and urine sialic acid in non-insulin dependent
diabetes mellitus. Ann Clin Biochem 1995; 32(Pt 3): 303-6.

ISSUE WITH PART

Poole GH, Mills SM. One hundred consecutive cases of flap lacerations of the leg in ageing
patients. N Z Med J 1994; 107(986 Pt 1): 377-8.

ISSUE WITH NO VOLUME

Turan I, Wredmark T, Fellander-Tsai L. Arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis in rheumatoid arthritis.

Clin Orthop 1995; (320): 110-4.

NO ISSUE AND VOLUME

Browell DA, Lennard TW. Immunologic status of the cancer patient and the effects of blood
transfusion on antitumor responses. Curr Opin Gen Surg 1993: 325-33.

PAGINATION IN ROMAN NUMERALS

Fisher GA, Sikic BI. Drug resistance in clinical oncology and hematology. Introduction. Hematol
Oncol Clin North Am 1995; 9(2): xi-xii.

TYPE OF ARTICLE INDICATED AS NEEDED

Enzensberger W, Fischer PA. Metronome in Parkinson's disease [letter]. Lancet 1996; 347:
1337.
Clement J, De Bock R. Hematological complications of hantavirus nephropathy (HVN) [abstract].
Kidney Int 1992; 42: 1285.

2
Lofwall MR, Strain EC, Brooner RK, Kindbom KA, Bigelow GE. Characteristics of older
methadone maintenance (MM) patients [abstract]. Drug Alcohol Depend 2002; 66(Suppl 1):
S105.

ARTICLE RETRACTED

Garey CE, Schwarzman AL, Rise ML, Seyfried TN. Ceruloplasmin gene defect associated with
epilepsy in EL mice. Nat Genet 1995; 11: 104. Retraction of: Garey CE, Schwarzman AL, Rise
ML, Seyfried TN. Nat Genet 1994; 6: 426-31.

Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. Safety and tolerability of a rapidly escalating dose-loading
regimen for risperidone.
J Clin Psychiatry 2002; 63(2): 169. Retraction of: Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. J Clin
Psychiatry 2000; 61(12): 909-11.

Liou GI, Wang M, Matragoon S. Precocious IRBP gene expression during mouse development.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994; 35: 1083-8. Retracted in: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994; 35:
3127.

ARTICLE WITH PUBLISHED ERRATUM

Malinowski JM, Bolesta S. Rosiglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a critical
review. Clin Ther 2000; 22(10): 1151-68; discussion 1149-50. Erratum in: Clin Ther 2001; 23(2):
309.

BOOKS AND OTHER MONOGRAPHS

EDITED BOOK

Blaxter PS, Farnsworth TP. Social health and class inequalities. In: Carter C, Peel JR,
Eds. Equalities and inequalities in health. 2nd ed. London: Academic Press 1976; pp.
165-78.

EDITOR(S), COMPILER(S) AS AUTHOR

Norman IJ, Redfern SJ, Eds. Mental health care for elderly people. New York: Churchill
Livingstone 1996.

ORGANIZATION AS AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER

Institute of Medicine (US). Looking at the future of the Medicaid program. Washington: The
Institute 1992.

CHAPTER IN A BOOK

Phillips SJ, Whisnant JP. Hypertension and stroke. In: Laragh JH, Brenner BM, Eds.
Hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. 2nd ed. New York: Raven Press
1995; pp. 465-78.

3
PATENT

Larsen CE, Trip R, Johnson CR. Methods for procedures related to the electrophysiology of the
heart. US Patent 5529067, 1995.

CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

Kimura J, Shibasaki H, Eds. Recent advances in clinical neurophysiology. Proceedings

of the 10th International Congress of EMG and Clinical Neurophysiology; 1995 Oct 15-
19; Kyoto, Japan. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1996.

Bengtsson S, Solheim BG. Enforcement of data protection, privacy and security in medical
informatics. In: Lun KC, Degoulet P, Piemme TE, Rienhoff O, Eds. MEDINFO 92. Proceedings
of the 7th World Congress on Medical Informatics; 1992 Sep 6-10; Geneva, Switzerland.
Amsterdam: North-Holland 1992; pp. 1561-5.

SCIENTIFIC OR TECHNICAL REPORT

ISSUED BY FUNDING/SPONSORING/PERFORMING AGENCY

Smith P, Golladay K. Payment for durable medical equipment billed during skilled nursing
facility stays. Final report. Report No.: HHSI-GOEI69200860. Dallas (TX): Dept. of Health and
Human Services (US), Office of Evaluation and Inspections October 1994.

Field MJ, Tranquada RE, Feasley JC, Eds. Health services research: work force and
educational issues. Contract No.: AHCPR282942008. Sponsored by the Agency for Health Care
Policy and Research. Washington: National Academy Press 1995.

THESIS OR DISSERTATION

Borkowski MM. Infant sleep and feeding: a telephone survey of Hispanic Americans. PhD
dissertation. Mount Pleasant (MI): Central Micihigan University 2002.

OTHER PUBLISHED MATERIALS

DICTIONARY AND SIMILAR REFERENCES

Stedman's medical dictionary. 26th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins 1995; pp. 119-20.

AUDIOVISUAL MATERIAL

4
Chason KW, Sallustio S. Hospital preparedness for bioterrorism [video cassette]. Secaucus
(NJ): Network for Continuing Medical Education 2002.

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE

Tynan T. Medical improvements lower homicide rate: study sees drop in assault rate. The
Washington Post 12th August 2002; p. 2: Section A: Column 4.

LEGAL MATERIAL

PUBLIC LAW

Veterans hearing loss compensation act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-9, 115 Stat. 11;
Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O., 24th May 2001.

UNENACTED BILL

Healthy Children Learn Act, S. 1012, 107th Congress, 1st Sess. 2001.

CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS

Cardiopulmonary bypass intracardiac suction control, 21 C.F.R. Sect. 870.4430, 2002.

HEARING

Arsenic in drinking water: an update on the science benefits and cost: hearing before the
subcomm. on environment, technology and standards of the house comm. on science, 107th
Congress., 1st Session, 4th October 2001.

MAP

Pratt B, Flick P, Vynne C, Cartographers. Biodiversity hotspots [map]. Washington:

Conservation
International 2000.

UNPUBLISHED MATERIAL

IN PRESS

Leshner AI. Molecular mechanisms of cocaine addiction. N Engl J Med 1996; In press.

ELECTRONIC MATERIAL

5
JOURNAL ARTICLE IN ELECTRONIC FORMAT

Frangioni G, Bianchi S, Fuzzi G, Borgioli G. Dynamics of hepatic melanogenesis in newts in

recovery phase from hypoxia. Open Zoo J 2009; 2: 1-7. Available from:
http://www.bentham.org/open/tozj/openaccess2.htm [cited: 26th Jan 2009].

Abood S. Quality improvement initiative in nursing homes: the ANA acts in an advisory role. Am
J Nurs [serial on the Internet]. June 2002 [cited: 12th Aug 2002]; 102(6): [about 3 p.]. Available
from: http://www.nursingworld.org/AJN/2002/june/Wawatch.htm

HOMEPAGE/WEBSITE

Cancer-Pain.org [homepage on the Internet]. New York: Association of Cancer Online

Resources, Inc.; c2000-01 [updated 16th May 2002; cited: 9th July 2002]. Available from:
http://www.cancer-pain.org/

PART OF A HOMEPAGE/WEBSITE

American Medical Association [homepage on the Internet]. Chicago: The Association; c1995-
2002 [updated: 23rd August 2001; cited: 12th August 2002]. AMA Office of Group Practice
Liaison; [about 2 screens]. Available from:
http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/1736.html

MONOGRAPH IN ELECTRONIC FORMAT AND CD-ROM

Anderson SC, Poulsen KB. Anderson's electronic atlas of hematology [CD-ROM]. Philadelphia:
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2002.

Foley KM, Gelband H, Eds. Improving palliative care for cancer [monograph on the Internet].
Washington: National Academy Press 2001 [cited: 9th July 2002]. Available from:
http://www.nap.edu/books/0309074029/html/

COMPUTER PROGRAM

Epi Info [Computer Program]. Version 6. Atlanta (GA): Centers for disease control and
prevention 1994.

Hemodynamics III: the ups and downs of hemodynamics [computer program]. Version 2.2.
Orlando (FL): Computerized Educational Systems 1993.