Budget FY-2021-22

বাাংলাদেদের উন্নয়দের স্বাধীে পর্যাদলাচো
An Analysis of the
National Budget for FY2021-22
Dhaka: 4 June 2021
www.cpd.org.bd
CPD IRBD 2021 Team
Lead contributions were provided by Dr Fahmida Khatun, Executive Director; Professor

Mustafizur Rahman, Distinguished Fellow; Dr Khondaker Golam Moazzem, Research Director;
and Mr Towfiqul Islam Khan, Senior Research Fellow, CPD.
Excellent research support was received from
Senior Research Associates
Mr Md Zafar Sadique Mr Muntaseer Kamal
Mr Syed Yusuf Saadat Mr Md. Al-Hasan
Research Associates
Mr Abu Saleh Md. Shamim Alam Shibly Ms Nawshin Nawar
Mr Tamim Ahmed Ms Jobaida Behtarin
Programme Associates
Ms Marfia Alam Mr Foqoruddin Al Kabir
Mr Md. Sabbir Hossain Ms Helen Mashiyat Preoty
Ms Nadia Nawrin
Research Interns
Ms Rijwooana Rashed Medha Ms Ratia Rehnuma
Mr Md Salay Mostofa
Special support was received from the CPD Finance Team
Mr M Shafiqul Islam Mr Uttam Kumar Paul
Mr Md Iqbal Mr Md Samiul Mannan
Mr Md. Sadaf Islam Mr Md. Hasibur Rahman
Mr Towfiqul Islam Khan was the Coordinator of the CPD IRBD 2021 Team.
CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 2
Acknowledgements
The CPD IRBD 2021 Team would like to register its profound gratitude to Professor Rehman
Sobhan, Chairman, CPD and Dr Debapriya Bhattacharya, Distinguished Fellow, CPD for their
support.
The Team gratefully acknowledges the valuable support received from the Dialogue and
Communication Division and the Administration and Finance Division in preparing this
report.
Dialogue & Communication Team Administration Team

Mr Avra Bhattacharjee Mr A H M Ashrafuzzaman
Mr Md. Sarwar Jahan Mr Md Mamun-ur-Rashid
Ms Farah Nusrat Ms Tahsin Sadia
Mr Md Irtaza Mahbub Akhond Ms Rezwana Rashid Antora
Concerned officials belonging to a number of institutions have extended valuable support to

the CPD IRBD 2021 Team members, for which the Team would like to register its sincere
thanks.
The CPD IRBD 2021 Team alone remains responsible for the analyses, interpretations and
conclusions presented in this report.

Contents
I. INTRODUCTION
II. MACROECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES
III. FISCAL FRAMEWORK
IV. ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
V. FISCAL MEASURES
VI. SELECTED PRIORITY SECTORS
VII. OTHER SELECTED ISSUES
VIII. CONCLUDING REMARKS

I. INTRODUCTION

I. INTRODUCTION
❑ The budget for fiscal year (FY) 2021-22 is the 50th budget of Bangladesh.
The Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD) would like to congratulate the
government of Bangladesh and the Hon’ble Finance Minister for
presenting the budget during the difficult time of COVID-19.
❑ The national budget for FY22 has been announced at a time when the
country is going through the second wave of the pandemic. Since the
outbreak of the pandemic in Bangladesh in March 2020, the economy
has been facing the most challenging period ever in the history of
Bangladesh.
❑ The budget for FY22 has been prepared in the context of a number of
emerging signs in the economy. Despite challenges the economy has
been able to maintain some stability and experienced some positive
trends in FY21. However, a number of weaknesses have also been visible
during the outgoing fiscal year.

I. INTRODUCTION
❑ Deficit in revenue mobilisation, weaknesses in government expenditure,

low implementation of the Annual Development Programme (ADP),
subdued industrial production, gradual pressure on food inflation and low
credit flow to the private sector are worrying signs.
❑ On the other hand, some turnaround in case of export earnings and
import payments, surplus in balance of payments, stable exchange rate
and higher forex reserves are reassuring.
❑ Given the uncertainty on the duration of the pandemic, CPD feels that the
government should prioritise its actions for mitigating not only the
immediate health and economic risks but also for smooth recovery from
the ongoing shocks by allocating adequate resources and appropriate
measures.
❑ CPD has examined the context and assumptions informing the budget,
fiscal budgetary framework, fiscal space and resource mobilisation
targets, resource allocation, deficit financing and budget implementation
challenges in view of the objectives.

I. INTRODUCTION
❑ The presentation on CPD’s budget analysis has been structured as

follows:
➢ Macroeconomic perspective
➢ Fiscal framework
➢ Annual Development Programme (ADP)
➢ Fiscal measures
➢ Priority sectors
➢ Other sectoral issues
➢ Concluding remarks
❑ CPD’s analysis in this presentation is based on data from relevant
government publications

II. MACROECONOMIC
PERSPECTIVES

The trends of macroeconomic correlates in the ongoing FY21 reveal a number of

contrasting developments when compared to previous year (FY20)
Negatives Positives
Pace of public expenditure Growth in revenue mobilisation
Growth in industrial production Growth in industrial production

for small industries for large industries
Rising food inflation Declining non-food inflation
Disquieting trends in overseas Positive developments in export

migration, import of capital earnings, remittance inflow and
goods and FDI inflow foreign exchange reserves
Subdued private sector

investment as reflected in growth
of term loan, credit uptake and
imports of capital machineries
GDP and Investment

Estimate Projection
Indicator FY20(p) BFY21 RBFY21
FY22 FY23 FY24
GDP growth (%) 5.2 8.2 6.1 7.2 7.6 8.0
Gross investment (as % of GDP) 31.8 33.5 32.3 33.1 34.2 36.0
Private investment (as % of GDP) 23.6 25.3 24.2 25.0 25.9 26.8
Public investment (as % of GDP) 8.1 8.1 8.2 8.1 8.3 9.2
ICOR 6.1 4.1 5.3 4.6 4.5 4.5
Source: MTMPS
❑ For FY22, GDP growth target has been set at 7.2%
❑ The budgetary framework of MoF projected a 6.1% GDP growth in FY21 – no
basis of such projection is discussed
➢ Provisional estimates from BBS for FY21 are not available as yet
➢ Even final estimates for FY20 are still unavailable!
❑ GoB’s growth projection is higher than the forecasts by World Bank (3.6%, in
April 2021), IMF (5.0%, in April 2021) but lower than ADB (6.8%, in April
2021)
❑ Public investment-GDP ratio in FY22 has been assumed to be 8.1%

(8.2% in FY21)
❑ Private investment has been estimated to be 25.0% of GDP in FY22
➢ In FY22, Tk. 117,000 crore (approx.) will be additionally required for private
investment (15.6% increase in nominal terms) based on the MoF estimates for
FY21 (Tk. 747,135 crore)
❑ ICOR is expected to be 4.6 in FY22 – productivity of capital is projected to
rise (5.3 in FY21; 6.1 in FY20)

Monetary sector and Inflation

Estimate Projection
FY22 FY23 FY24
Private sector credit growth (%) 8.6 16.7 14.8 15.0 15.0 15.0
CPI inflation (%) 5.7 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.1
Source: MTMPS
❑ Growth of credit to private sector has been set at 15.0% in FY22 –

almost same as FY21
➢ As of March 2021, private sector credit growth was only 8.8%
❑ Inflation is assumed to be stable at 5.3% in FY22

❑ Inflationary trends have broadly remained stable in the closing months of
FY21 (5.6% in April 2021)
➢ However, food inflation appears to be creeping up (5.7% in April 2021)

External sector
Estimate Projection
FY22 FY23 FY24
Export (growth in %) -17.1 15.0 12.0 15.0 13.0 12.0
Import (growth in %) -8.6 10.0 11.0 14.0 13.0 11.0
Remittance (growth in %) 11.2 15.0 35.0 15.0 12.0 10.0
Source: MTMPS
❑ Growth target for export earnings has been set at 15.0% in FY22
➢ Up to April FY21, total export growth was 8.7%, but MoF projection for FY21 is
12%
❑ Growth target for import payments has been set at 14.0% in FY22
and projected to be 11% in FY21
➢ Up to April FY21, total import growth was 13.0%. However, particularly alarming
is the slowdown in capital machineries import [(-)7.4%]
➢ Up to March FY21, total L/C opening exhibited a growth of 5.4% while that of
capital machineries recorded a decrease of 19.8%
❑ Remittance growth target for FY22 has been set at 15.0%. Overall outlook
on outward migration was not very optimistic in the MTMPS
➢ During Jul-May FY21, remittance inflow posted an increase of 39.5% over
corresponding figure. However, overseas migration posted a decline of (-) 59.0%
during the aforementioned period
❑ Exchange rate is expected to depreciate and reach Tk. 85.3/USD on an
average in FY22 (currently Tk. 84.8/USD)

Public debt
❑ Public debt as share of GDP is at a reasonable state for Bangladesh
(36.0% in FY20, 39.0% in the revised budget of FY21)
➢ May increase to some extent in FY22 (40.3%) – driven by higher domestic and
external borrowing in view of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic
❑ At present, about 62.2% of the total public debt is attributable to domestic
debt
➢ This composition is expected to change in the coming years (domestic debt:
61.8% in FY24)
❑ Interest payments for domestic debt is already on an upward trajectory
❑ As will seen, 19.0% of total revenue expenditure will be spent on debt
servicing in FY22 (90.4% of the amount will be to service domestic debt)

The macroeconomic framework and 8FYP

8FYP target
Indicator FY20(p) RBFY21 BFY22
FY21 FY22 FY23 FY24 FY25
GDP growth (%) 5.2 6.1 7.2 7.4 7.7 8.0 8.3 8.5
Gross investment (as % of GDP) 31.8 32.3 33.1 32.6 32.7 34.0 34.9 36.6
Private investment (as % of GDP) 23.6 24.2 25.0 24.4 24.5 25.3 26.1 27.4
Public investment (as % of GDP) 8.1 8.2 8.1 8.2 8.2 8.7 8.9 9.2
Expenditure (as % of GDP) 14.9 17.5 17.5 17.1 16.9 17.6 17.9 19.1
CPI inflation (%) 5.7 5.4 5.3 5.1 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.6
Private sector credit growth (%) 8.6 14.8 15.0 14.2 14.5 14.3 14.2 14.0
Export (growth in %) -17.1 12.0 15.0 12.1 10.3 10.5 10.6 10.8
Import (growth in %) -8.6 11.0 14.0 10.0 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5
Remittance (growth in %) 11.2 35.0 15.0 8.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0
❑ It appears that the budgetary framework anticipates most of the

macroeconomic correlates to perform better than the targets set in 8FYP
➢ Except for GDP growth and inflation
❑ The macroeconomic framework is largely flawed and far from reality!

III. FISCAL
FRAMEWORK

Broad fiscal framework for FY22

❑ Public expenditure (12%) projected to grow faster than revenue mobilisation
(10.7%)
➢ Total budget expenditure is set at 17.5% of GDP (same as RBFY21)
➢ Revenue income will be 11.3% of GDP (11.4% in RBFY21)
❑ Development expenditure (14.0%) programmed to grow faster than Operating
expenditure (11.7%)
❑ ADP: 37.3% of total public expenditure (36.7% in the RBFY21)
❑ Budget deficit has been projected at 6.2% of GDP (6.1% in RBFY21)
❑ The envisaged deficit is likely to be financed by significant increase in foreign borrowing
and reduced bank borrowing!
The proposed targets in FY22 Budget are far from reality if most
likely actual figures at the end of ongoing fiscal year (FY21) are taken
into consideration. This has significantly weakened the fiscal
framework of that informs FY22 Budget.

Revenue mobilisation Share of revenue FY22

FY22 (Crore Tk.) 389,000
FY21(Revised Budget) (Crore Tk.) 351,532
FY21 (CPD Projection) (Crore Tk.) 298,000
Target Growth (%) FY22 (Budget) 10.7
Target Growth (%) FY22 (CPD Projection) 30.5
❑ Budget FY22 targets a 10.7% growth over RBFY21

➢ CPD projection: 30.5% on actual FY21: approx.
an additional about Tk. 91,000 crore may need
to mobilised
❑ NBR to grow by 9.6% and deliver the lion’s share
of the incremental revenue (77.4%) Incremental share of revenue FY22
❑ To be primarily delivered by VAT (33.4% of total

incremental revenue)
❑ Taxes on Income, Profits and Capital Gains are
expected to provide on 24% of incremental
revenue
❑ About Tk. 7,468 crore incremental revenue is
expected from the non-tax revenue sources

Total Public Expenditure

Share in Share in Change in FY22B Incremental
BFY22 RBFY21 over FY21R Share
Sector % Crore Tk % %
Public Services 18.7 17.7 17366.0 18.2 26.8
Education and Technology 15.7 14.6 16193.0 20.6 25.0
Transport and Communication 11.9 11.2 11918.0 19.8 18.4
Interest 11.4 11.8 4766.0 7.5 7.4
LGRD 7.0 7.9 -233.0 -0.5 -0.4
Defence Services 6.2 6.2 3781.0 11.3 5.8
Social Security and Welfare 5.7 5.5 4761.0 16.1 7.4
Health 5.4 5.8 1259.0 4.0 1.9
Agriculture 5.3 5.5 2187.0 7.4 3.4
Public Order and Safety 4.8 5.0 2178.0 8.1 3.4
Energy and Power 4.6 4.4 3707.0 15.6 5.7
Housing 1.1 1.4 -1080.0 -14.5 -1.7
Recreation, Culture and Religious Affairs 0.8 0.9 239.0 5.1 0.4
Industrial and Economic Services 0.7 0.8 -177.0 -4.2 -0.3
Others (Memorandum Item) 0.8 1.3 -2167.0 -29.8 -3.3
Total Expenditure 100.0 100.0 64698.0 12.0 100.0
❑ Public services sector accounts for 26.8% of total incremental expenditure; followed by
education, and technology (thanks to Rooppur Power Plant)

Sectors with higher share in BFY22 ❑ Within Public Services Sector,

Public Services Finance Division receives an
Education and Technology incremental amount of Tk. 15,550
Transport and Communication crore (about 24% of total additional
Social Security and Welfare public expenditure for FY22) – of
Sectors with lower share in BFY22 which Tk. 8,528 crore additional
Interest allocation has been kept for
LGRD investment in equity and shares
Health ❑ Total incremental allocation for
Agriculture Interest Payments is Tk. 4,766
Public Order and Safety crore; of which, domestic interest
Housing is Tk. 3,500 crore
Recreation, Culture and Religious Affairs
Industrial and Economic Services

Contingent Liability
❑ Government’s guarantee (contingent liability) increased by 21.7% over the
last one year – a negative development!
❑ Power and energy sector remains the leading sector in terms of receiving
guarantee from the government
List of Government Guarantees (Contingent Liability)
Amount (Crore Tk.) Growth (%) Share (%)
Sector
FY20 FY21 FY22 FY21 FY22 FY20 FY21 FY22
Agricultural Credit 3,143 3,681 4,967 17.1 34.9 5.4 6.1 6.7
Biman 4,937 10,279 10,909 108.2 6.1 8.5 16.9 14.8
Energy 3,381 1,199 1,522 -64.6 27.0 5.8 2.0 2.1
Power 33,777 33,742 41,692 -0.1 23.6 58.4 55.6 56.5
Telecom 1,315 1,169 1,109 -11.1 -5.1 2.3 1.9 1.5
Miscellaneous 11,272 10,584 13,637 -6.1 28.8 19.5 17.4 18.5
Total 57,826 60,653 73,836 4.9 21.7 100.0 100.0 100.0

Budget Deficit and Financing

 Share of domestic financing
52.8% in FY21 (61.4% in RBFY21)
 Tk 76,452 crore (35.6% of total) will
come from the bank borrowing –
lower than RBFY21
 Tk. 32,000 crore from net sale of NSD
certificates
 Entire incremental budget deficit will
be financed through foreign aid
 Gross foreign aid requirement will be
around USD 13.8 bln (USD 10.1 bln
in RBFY21)
 Utilisation of foreign aid will hinge on ability to implement the planned
ADP projects (76.1%) and COVID-19 related special assistance (18.5%)
 While foreign debt and debt servicing are well within acceptable limits, there is a
need for a clear picture for emerging debt scenario. Foreign debt servicing
payments has risen by 50% in two years.
Implementation status of stimulus packages

Allocation Disbursement
Share of
As share of
As share of funds Number of
Name of the Package Type In crore BDT total COVID
GDP disbursed recipients
funding
(in %)
Special fund for salary support to
Liquidity 3,800,000
export oriented manufacturing 5,000 3.89 0.02 100
support persons
industry workers
Providing working capital
facilities for the affected large Liquidity 31.15 3,166
40,000 0.15 81
industries and service sector support firms
organizations
Providing working capital
facilities to small (including Liquidity 0.08 95,407
20000 15.57 73
cottage industries) and medium support firms
enterprises
Liquidity 176,000
Agricultural Refinancing Scheme 5000 3.89 0.02 79
support persons
Refinancing scheme for low- Liquidity 263,000
3,000 2.34 0.01 59
income farmers and small traders support persons
Government subsidy for interest Liquidity
7,280,000
waiver of deferred bank loans for support 2,000 1.56 0.01 70
persons
the month of April-May/2020
Special honorarium to doctors, Fiscal 9,579
100 0.08 0.00004 49
nurses and health workers stimulus persons
Families of the deceased frontline Fiscal 132
750 0.58 0.003 8
pubic sector officials stimulus families

❑ The total size of COVID-19 response funds currently stand at BDT 1,28,441 crore
or USD 15,111 million which is equivalent to 4.2% of the GDP for RBFY21
❑ A total of 58,115,211 individuals and 104,996 firms have received liquidity support
and fiscal stimulus as part of the government’s COVID-19 response
❑ Since about 80% of the government’s COVID-19 response funds are in the form
of liquidity support, banks have played a central role in view of recovery of the
pandemic-affected economy.
❑ Bangladesh’s fiscal stimulus package is a meagre 20.41% of its total COVID-19
relief funds or only 0.91% of its GDP, and falls far short of the 11% of GDP that is
estimated to be required to mitigate the socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19.
❑ Liquidity support cannot be treated as philanthropy and so banks cannot
provide loans to anyone on humanitarian grounds.
❑ Liquidity support is inadequate for small borrowers and new
borrowers, as well as those who are the poorest and most vulnerable.
Therefore, more direct cash support should be provided by the government so
that these groups can adjust to the shocks of COVID-19.

IV. ANNUAL
DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMME

The ADP for FY22 is earmarked under 15 sectors instead of the previously
reported 17 sectors
➢ This makes year-on-year comparison at the sectoral level impossible
❑ ADP of Tk. 225,324 crore has been proposed for FY22
➢ 6.5% of GDP in FY22 (6.5% in BFY21 and 6.4% in RBFY21)
➢ 9.8% higher than the ADP for FY21 and 14% ADP Financing Structure (% of
higher than RADP for FY21 total)
➢ The rate of implementation of original ADP in
FY21 is likely to be not more than 80% even
in best case scenario in view of COVID-19 60.9
65.6 68.1
➢ In that case, ADP needs to be more than 37%
➢ Project Aid to finance 39.1% of total ADP in
FY22 (34.4% in ADP of FY21)
➢ Rooppur Power Plant accounts for 18.2% of 34.4 31.9 39.1
total project aid in ADP for FY22
ADP FY21 RADP FY21 ADP FY22
Project Aid Taka

❑ The top 5 sectors have received 76.3% of total ADP allocation

➢ Transportation and Communication Sector once again has received
the highest allocation (27.4% of total) for the highest number of projects
(290). Power and Fuel have received second highest share in ADP
allocation
➢ These two sectors account for about 48% of total ADP allocation
➢ Rooppur project accounts for 40.3% of total allocation for Power and Fuel
sector
No of projects in Share (%) ADP
Sector ADP FY22 FY22
Top five sectors 743 76.3
Transportation and Communication 290 27.4
Power and Fuel 83 20.4
Housing and Community Facilities 188 10.5
Education 117 10.3
Health 65 7.7
Other 10 Sectors 683 22.1
Development Assistance NA 1.7
Total 1426 100.0

➢ The share of Health sector in ADP FY22 (7.7%) has increased from 6.4% in
ADP FY21 – however, given the pandemic situation the increase remains
below what is needed
➢ It includes only two continuing projects related to COVID-19 titled
“COVID-19 emergency response and pandemic preparedness” and
“COVID-19 response emergency assistance” co-financed by World Bank
and Asian Development Bank
➢ No new project has been proposed to particularly address COVID-19
➢ Also, no COVID-related project was found in the list of ‘Unapproved
projects without allocation’
❑ Share in ADP allocation has declined marginally for Agriculture sector,
from 4.1% in FY21 to 3.4% to FY22 at a time when ensuring food security
remains a high priority

❑ The ADP for FY22 contains 1,426 projects (1,584 for ADP of FY21)
Unapproved Unapproved Development
New New
3% Development 1.8% Assistance
Assistance 1% 1.7% 0.8%
2%
Carryover
18% Carryover
25.4%
Continuing
Continuing 44.2%
Concluding 50%
26% Concluding
26.1%
Share of allocation in FY21 Share of allocation in FY22
❑ Share of allocation for continuing projects has declined while that of carryover
projects has increased
➢ Higher share of carryover project would imply need for additional allocation due to cost escalation
➢ Share of continuing projects declined to 44.2% in FY22 from 50% in FY21
➢ 44.2% of allocation is provided to 334 continuing projects in FY22 (430 in FY21)
❑ 29 new projects are included in FY22 (46 in FY21): 0.8% of total ADP allocation (1% in
FY21)
▪ 172 new projects were included in the RADP for FY21
❑ Share of concluding projects almost stagnant at about 26%
❑ A total of 441 projects are scheduled to be concluded in FY22, according to

project completion timeline
❑ 622 ‘carryover’ projects account for 25.4% of the total allocation (18.7% in FY21, 7.9%
in FY20 – highest since at least FY13)
➢ Transportation and Communication has 141 of these projects, followed by Housing and
Community Facilities (81), Education (66), Industrial and Economical Services (47), and
Power and Fuel (38)
➢ Thus, total number of projects which should be concluded: 1063
❑ Planning Commission has identified 355 projects which may be completed in FY22
➢ Many of these are unlikely to be completed in FY22
❑ 596 projects are listed without allocation (in a separate list) in FY22
Project Status FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21 FY22
Unapproved projects without 720 662 624 857 1,172 1,315 1,338 1,045 1347 596
Allocation
Projects listed to seek Foreign 327 346 338 382 349 360 326 242 96 141
Funds
Total Number of Projects in 1,037 1,046 1,034 999 1,141 1,192 1,347 1,475 1,584 1426
the ADP
PPP 13 44 40 40 32 36 78 62 61 0
Possible Completion (PC identified) 330 305 324 324 354 411 446 355 380 355

❑ It is observed that the share of projects with symbolic allocation

(token allocation to keep these projects in the ADP list) is on
the decline – a positive development!
❑Majority of these are carryover projects
➢ 31 projects (2.2%) under ADP received only Tk. 1 lakh for FY22; 64
projects (4.0%) received such allocation in FY21
➢ Inclusion of projects under Tk. 1 lakh have been a perpetual practice (64
projects in FY21)
➢ 26 (84%) of those are carried over from ADP FY21
➢ 8 and 6 out of the 31 projects are in Transportation and Communication and
Housing and Community Facilities sectors, respectively

❑ Time-overrun projects continue!

➢ Average age of 1,308 investment projects is 3.5 years
➢ 163 (12.5%) of these 1,308 projects are more than 6 years old (due to repeated
extensions of projects)
➢ 31 of these 1,308 projects are 10-15 years old
➢ 24.1% of investment projects in ADP Projects with number of revisions

ADP for FY22 have already been
revised between 1-3 times
➢ Number of projects with time
extension increased from 285
in FY21 to 326 in FY22
➢ Revised unapproved
projects in ADP FY22: 56 out
of the 1,308 investment projects

❑ Mega Projects: Allocations have risen, but not the pace of implementation
Project Progress Possible
Project Name Start Date Cost till Jun 20 Progress till End date
(Tk.cr.) (%) Jun 22 (%)
Construction of Rooppur Nuclear 01/07/2016 113,093 28.1 53.3 30/12/25
Power Plant
Padma Bridge Rail Link 01/01/2016 39,247 31.7 55.4 30/06/24
Matarbari 2x600 MW Ultra-Super 01/07/2014 35,984 35.4 64.2 30/06/23
Critical Coal-Fired Power Project
Padma multipurpose Bridge project 01/01/2009 30,193 77.6 96.1 30/06/21
Dhaka Mass Rapid Transit 01/07/2012 23,490 47.5 91.5 30/06/24
Development Project (Metro Rail)
Construction of Single Line Dual 01/07/2010 18,034 0.0 13.4 30/06/22
Gauge Track from Dohazari-Ramu-
Cox’s Bazar and Ramu to Ghundum
near Myanmar Border
Construction of Dhaka-Ashulia 01/01/2017 16,901 7.3 30.6 30/06/22
Elevated Expressway
SASEC Road Connectivity: 01/09/2016 16,662 12.6 41.4 31/12/24
Improvement of Elenga-Hatikumrul-
Rangpur-Highway into 4-Lane
Highway
Ghorasal Polash Urea Fertilizer 01/10/2018 10,461 28.5 82.0 30/06/22
Project (GPUFP)
❑ Mega Projects: Allocations have risen, but not the pace of implementation
Project Progress Possible

Project Name Start Date Cost till Jun 20 Progress till End date
(Tk.cr.) (%) Jun 22 (%)
Construction of Multilane Road 01/11/2015 10,374 47.9 77.5 31/12/22
Tunnel under River karnaphuli
Rupsha 800-Megawatt 01/07/2018 8,499 7.4 16.1 30/06/22
Combined Cycle Power Plant
Installation of Single Point 01/11/2015 6,568 40.8 62.9 30/06/22
Mooring (SPM) with Double
Pipe Line
SASEC Road Connectivity: 01/04/2013 6,214 70.2 94.7 30/06/22
Improvement of Joydebpur-
Chandra-Tangail-Elenga Road
(N-4) to 4-Lane Highway
Developing Port 01/07/2015 4,374 59.7 81.5 30/06/22
Infrastructure/Support
Facilities of Payra Port for
Commencing Port Operations

❑ Mega Projects: Allocations for these have increased, but not the
pace of implementation
❑ Tk. 51321 crore is allocated for 14 mega projects (all infrastructure
including fast-track and based on project size) which is 22.8% of total ADP
of FY22.
❑ 8 out of 14 mega projects are scheduled to be completed in FY22
➢ None of these projects has received the required allocation for
completion in FY22 – not even the Padma Multipurpose Bridge
project
❑ China is co-financing 5 out of these 14 projects, and progress of
implementation of these projects are not satisfactory

❑ Future projects with expected foreign aid both in terms of

allocation and number have increased from previous year
(FY21)
➢ 141 projects have been listed with expected foreign aid financing in FY22
➢ The estimated cost of all of these projects was USD 41.6 billion in FY22
➢ Estimated Project Aid to be obtained from different sources was USD 28.7
billion in FY22
➢ Highest share of Project Aid to be obtained is in Transport and
Communication (60.3% for 59 projects) and Power and Fuel (10.7% for 20
projects) – emphasis on infrastructure to continue!
➢ Housing and Community Facilities are expected to receive the third highest
share (9.6%) of project aid – mainly for one single project “Municipal and
Governance and Services Project (2nd phase)”

Five important observations can be made for ADP FY22 in view of COVID-19
❑ No significant change in the structure of ADP allocation for FY22 can be observed in
alignment with the changes in allocative priorities in view of COVID-19 pandemic
➢ Physical infrastructure-related sectors have continued to dominate with inadequate
attention to Health, Agriculture, Social Welfare and Labour & Employment
sectors
➢ No effort to initiate new projects to address COVID-19 emergencies
❑ Utilisation of foreign aid will be critical for ADP implementation
❑ The problems of ‘carryover’ and ‘time-overrun’ projects will persist in FY22
❑ Mega projects are likely to miss their deadlines – the wait may continue with
consequent adverse impacts on public service delivery and crowding-in private sector
investment
❑ The delay in implementing mega projects will also have repercussions in the form of
cost escalation
❑ Some positive developments can be observed in the area of making ‘symbolic
allocations’ for the so-called ‘populist projects’

V. FISCAL MEASURES

V. FISCAL MEASURES
❑ Personal Income Tax (PIT) structure remains generally unchanged

➢ Tax-free limit for transgenders raised to Tk. 3.5 lakh – will promote social
inclusion
➢ Some changes were introduced in FY21. CPD argued that reducing the highest
tax rate (from 30% to 25%) was against the cause of promoting tax justice. The
highest tax rate should be reinstated at 30% for top earners
➢ The second slab for PIT which is 5% for additional Tk. 1 lakh should be
increased to Tk.3 lakh to provide cushion to low income earners
❑ Wealth Surcharge free limit remains unchanged at Tk. 3 crore. Payees with net
personal wealth worth over Tk. 50 crore will have to pay at a higher rate of 35%. –
a potential source of revenue generation from wealthy citizen. Right step in view
of promoting equity

V. FISCAL MEASURES
❑ Major changes in Corporate Income Tax structure

➢ CIT decreased for publicly traded companies (22.5% from 25%), non-publicly
traded companies (30% from 32.5%), one person companies (25% from 32.5%),
association of persons (30% from 32.5%). - measure will provide relief to
corporate entities with expectations that this will encourage more tax
compliance. However, to ensure uniformity, tax rate for one-person companies
should remain at 30% in line with the non-publicly traded companies’ rates
➢ Rates for banks, insurance, cigarette companies (45%+2% surcharge), mobile
phone companies (40%-45%) remained unchanged
➢ CIT for MFS institutions have been raised to 40% from 32.5%. However, no MFS
institution has reported earning profits in recent period. Fair competition for
lowering the cash-out rate may be hampered. The burden is likely to be passed on
to end-users who tend to be mostly marginalised people
➢ CIT imposed on private universities and private medical colleges at 15%. Minimum
amount of tax may be raised, if there any! Non-profit entities and educational
institutes should not be taxed mostly
➢ Minimum turnover tax for personal businesses have been reduced to 0.25% from
0.5%. – welcome move
➢ Fish farmers will pay income tax at a higher rate for an annual income of over Tk.
20 lakh at 15% rate. - revenue generating measure
V. FISCAL MEASURES
❑ Tax deducted at source (TDS) for suppliers’ payments has been raised by a
significant margin
Payment to suppliers Current rate Proposed rate Rise
up to 15 lakh 2% 3% 50%
<15 lakh to 50 lakh 3% 3% 0%
<50 lakh to 1 crore 4% 5% 25%
<1 crore to 2 crore 5% 5% 0%
<2 crore 5% 7% 40%
➢ About 22% of TDS income was sourced from suppliers’ payments in FY18
while TDS accounts for more than 60% of total earnings from income tax. This
would be a major source of the government to generate additional revenue
❑ TDS is exempted for workers without taxable income participating at Workers
Profit Participation Fund (WPPF) only up to Tk. 25,000. – this should be
exempted for all workers without taxable income irrespective of the amount of
funds received

V. FISCAL MEASURES
❑ Tax holiday expanded for a wide range of sectors

➢ On top of existing 22 IT enabler services enjoying tax exemptions, the provision
has been expanded to six more services i.e. cloud services, system integration, e-
learning platform, e-book publications, mobile apps development service and IT
freelancing until 2024. – timely move to encourage more young IT entrepreneurs
➢ Mega industry (e.g. three and four wheelers producers who invest at least Tk.
100 crores for ten years) or home appliance producers which promote Made
in Bangladesh
➢ Establishment of vocational and technical institutions which impart training
to develop skilled human resource
➢ Entrepreneurs of Light Engineering and IT Hardware
➢ Investment for establishing hospitals in cities other than Dhaka, Narayanganj,
Gazipur, Chittagong
➢ Women Entrepreneurs in SME sectors to receive tax exemption up to Tk. 70
lakh
❑ All these initiatives have long-term revenue implications. Use of these
provisions will need to be carefully monitored

V. FISCAL MEASURES
❑ Untaxed/undisclosed money provision

➢ Special tax treatment extended for investments in securities and for undisclosed
property and cash will end by 30 June 2021. Nor mentioning anything about this
should be interpreted as not providing any such opportunity hereon
➢ However, clauses related to special tax treatment for investments in building/
apartment, BIFF bond and economic zone or hi-tech parks will continue
➢ CPD urges to announce an SRO withdrawing all such provisions and these to be
discontinued with a view to disincentivise tax avoidance/tax evasion

V. FISCAL MEASURES
Indirect Tax Measures

❑ Changes in VAT and SD Act, 2012
➢ VAT-free annual turnover threshold stands at Tk. 50 lakh;
➢ turnover tax ceiling has not changed either (upto Tk. 3 crore);
➢ 4% turnover tax also remained unchanged
➢ CPD called for an upward revision for VAT-free annual turnover threshold to
Tk. 1 crore in its Budget Analysis for FY21
➢ Provision of fine and rate of interest to be halved on arrear VAT in the VAT
and SD Act, 2012: Fine (From twice the amount of revenue to equal), Monthly rate of
interest (From 2% to 1%), Yearly interest (From 24% to 12%) - will leave more space for
VAT evasion, failure and anomaly. Defaulters should be penalised accordingly
Changes in duties at import stage
❑ Existing (six) slabs of Customs Duty (0%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 25%) will
remain unchanged
❑ 12 slabs (10%, 20%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 100%, 150%, 200%, 250%, 300%,
350%, and 500%) of SD to also continue

V. FISCAL MEASURES
Modernisation of Agriculture Sector and protecting the domestic producers

❑ VAT exemption at manufacturing and trading stages of weeder and winnower
– will help promote agro-related investment
❑ Continuation of zero tariff on major agricultural inputs imports, zero tariff on essential
food items, and rationalization of duties on imports of other daily commodities –
welcome move
❑ Increased tariff on carrot and mushroom imports and fixation of minimum
value of carrots, mushrooms, green chilies, tomatoes, oranges and capsicum – will
protect domestic farmers
❑ Increased tariff rate on import of industrial salt at par with edible salt and meat
imports – to protect salt farmers domestic meat processing industry and cattle
farmers
❑ CD has been reduced on agricultural inputs to provide necessary protection to
consolidate the production of agricultural machineries
❑ Advance Tax (AT) exemption at local stage on thresher machine, power reaper, power
tiller, operated seeder, combined harvester, rotary tiller, weeder and winnower– will
encourage mechanization of agriculture. However, CPD observes that for rice huller
and wheat crusher, total tax incidence has been increased to 43% from 37%

V. FISCAL MEASURES
Promotion of domestic industrialisation

❑ Following a 1% reduction in FY21 budget, Advance Tax (AT) on imported raw
materials for manufacturing industries has been reduced to 3% from 4% - will
encourage local manufacturing industries
❑ Extension of existing 5% VAT rate for manufacturing of LPG cylinder for another
year – will encourage growth of local LPG manufacturing
❑ Extension of existing VAT exemption facility for manufacturing of the following:
Refrigerator (up to FY23), Polypropylene staple fiber (Up to FY24), Air conditioner
(Up to FY25), Motor vehicle (Up to FY26) - welcome move
❑ VAT on paper cone manufacturing has been reduced to 5% from existing 15%
to help develop light engineering industries - will encourage the sector

V. FISCAL MEASURES
Developments in health services

❑ Continuation of VAT exemption facility at import, manufacturing and trading
stage and also tariff exemption on COVID-19 test kit, PPE and vaccine, on
Meditation service – welcome decision
❑ VAT exemption at local manufacturing stage on the production of sanitary napkin
– will ensure health protection of women
❑ Withdrawal of 10% SD from locally manufactured “Long Pan” – will make
sanitation facility cheaper for rural people
❑ VAT exemption on autism related services - welcome move in support of the
disadvantaged
❑ Duty free facility on the import of Implantable ‘Occluder’ used for the treatment
of children born with heart defects – welcome move
❑ Inclusion of some of the raw materials for the local production of Active
Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) in the existing concessions– will be helpful for
the pharmaceutical industry
❑ Expansion of the existing concessional facilities for import of raw materials
required for the production of medical products– to consolidate the health sector

V. FISCAL MEASURES
Tax on Tobacco and Tobacco related products

❑ Prices and duties of cigarettes under high and premium slabs have been raised
❑ Whereas others remained unchanged (Lower Slab, Medium Slab, Bidi, Jarda,
Gul etc.)
❑ Considering the health consequences of these harmful products, there should
have been a rise in price and SD on the bidi and other low slab products as
well
Development of local mobile handset industries and Information
Technology (IT) sectors
❑ Extension of existing VAT exemption facility on manufacturing and
assembling of mobile phone up to FY24
❑ VAT exemption on local manufacturing of computer accessories
❑ Inclusion of e-learning and e-book within the scope of Information
Technology Enabled Services (ITES)
All welcome move

V. FISCAL MEASURES
ICT sector
❑ Concessionary facilities for the import of computer accessories and raw materials
of ICT industry – will protect domestic computer / laptop and ICT product
manufacturers
❑ Existing concessions on raw materials of phone industry to be made more
investment friendly and rational – will expand cellular phone manufacturing,
assembling and backward linkage industry
❑ Increased tariff on import of feature phones - will protect domestic industry
Electronics industries
❑ Expansion of the existing concessionary rate on raw materials importation of
refrigerator and compressor manufacturing industries– will protect the
Electronics industrial sector
❑ More concession on certain raw materials of TV manufacturing industry – will be
helpful for developing TV manufacturing sector

V. FISCAL MEASURES
Promotion of Small and Medium Industries

❑ Applicable duties have been raised on import of some finished products – will
protect small and medium industries
❑ 1% exemption rate for the import of capital machineries for small and medium
enterprises irrespective of commercial and industrial establishments
❑ Concessional facilities for import of 2 major raw materials of the aforesaid
industry and increase the minimum value at the import stage of finished
products – will protect manufacturing industry which produces the widely used
paper cup
❑ Duty-free access for some of the raw material imports of the endangered conch
industry – will help an industry which is barely surviving

V. FISCAL MEASURES
Export-oriented industries
❑ Inclusion of photosensitive rotary screen, temperature sensor and loaded PCB in
the concessionary rate – will protect the textile industry
❑ Concessionary rate for the import of two raw materials for the footwear industry
– will help export diversification and encourage the potential footwear industry
Measures to reduce dependency on foreign goods
❑ VAT has been exempted as per the followings: at local production stage in
manufacturing of blender, juicer, mixer, grinder, electric kettle, rice cooker, multi
cooker, pressure cooker; at production level in manufacturing of washing
machine, microwave oven and electric oven; on manufacturing of puffed rice; on
fresh fruit at trading stage
❑ Advance Tax (AT) at local stage has been exempted on certain raw materials of
iron products, scrap vessel and ethylene glycol, terephthalic acid,
ethylene/propylene which are used for manufacturing of PVC and PET resin

V. FISCAL MEASURES
Measures to facilitate business environment

❑ VAT exemption (at import stage) for ocean-going vessels has been extended to
25 years old vehicles from existing provision of 22 years old vehicles
❑ 15% VAT on net commission of locally produced tiles and sanitary ware – will
reduce VAT burden on dealers and distributors
Miscellaneous steel industries
❑ Concessionary facilities for import of core raw materials (Cold Rolled Iron /
Steel)– will protect local fire-resistant door manufacturing industry
❑ 3% RD on the import of finished iron wire products – will protect iron wire
industry
❑ Tariff reduced on import of plastic framework and coated calcium carbonate – to
develop cable and internet cable manufacturing industry

V. FISCAL MEASURES
Promotion of Abrasive paper industry

❑ Concessionary facilities for the import of 4 raw materials (artificial corundum,
aluminum oxide, coated / impregnated paper and paperboard, coated textile
fabrics) – will protect the sand paper manufacturing industry
LED light manufacturer / assembling industry
❑ Tariff reduced on import of parts of LED light manufacturing/assembling
industry– will ensure alignment between manufacturing and assembling
industry
Manufacture of gypsum board and particle board industry
❑ Tariff reduced on import of 3 raw materials (plates / sheets / film / foil / strip of
polymers of vinyl chloride, self-adhesive tape, fluting paper)
❑ Expansion of the existing concessionary rate on raw materials importation of
refrigerator and compressor manufacturing industries

V. FISCAL MEASURES
Automobile sector
❑ Tariffs reduced on microbus imports and ‘Moped’ – will discourage the use of
accident-prone vehicles such as nasimon, laguna and encourage the use of
microbuses as an alternative public transport
❑ Restructuring the tariffs on imports of hybrid vehicles – to encourage the use of
environment friendly hybrid vehicles
❑ Necessary adjustments and also inclusion of some raw materials in the existing
SRO – for the development of motorcycle manufacturing/assembling industry
Lube blending industry
❑ CD increased on recycled lube base oil and lubricating oil– will discourage import
of environmentally harmful products
❑ Rationalisation of the rate of duty of lubricating oil and liquid paraffin – to avoid
revenue risk
❑ CD decreased on additives as one of the raw materials of the lube blending
industry – will protect the lube blending industry
V. FISCAL MEASURES
❑ Overall observations as regards Indirect Tax Measures

➢ Rationalisation of tariffs
➢ Support to domestic import-substituting industries
➢ Encourage export diversification
➢ Incentivisation to promote investment
❑ These measures will likely to lead to fall in revenue collection over the
medium-term will be helpful for stimulating the economy
❑ However, monitoring will need to be strengthen to discourage misuse

V. FISCAL MEASURES
Reform initiatives
❑ The Finance Minister has mentioned a number of reform measures related to
direct tax, VAT and Customs development. However, these are long overdue
❑ The draft of the Income Tax Act 2021 has been prepared by modifying the
Income Tax Ordinance, 1984
➢ Speedy passing of the draft Income Tax Bill is important to modernise the tax
collection system
❑ NBR has already taken some initiatives, such as the upgradation of ASYCUDA
World, Consolidation and integration of iBAS++, piloting of electronic return
filing (e-return) implementation of NSW project, introduction of E-TDS System,
introduction of automated customs risk management, automation of bond
management, introduction of authorized economic operator system etc.
➢ However, these projects were to be fully implemented by now. There should
have been deadlines set for their full operationalisation
❑ As of now, about 3,000 EFD/SDC have been installed
➢ NBR plans to install another 7,000 machines by June 2022.
➢ However, this will cover only 3.9% of business entities that have received
online VAT registration. CPD had drawn attention to the need for a faster
installation of these for expansion of the VAT-net
VI. SELECTED PRIORITY
SECTORS

Health

Health
❑ Total budget allocation for health has 35000

Budget allocation
60
increased only by 12%, from BDT 29,247 30000 50
crore in FY21 to BDT 32,731 in FY22, which 25000
was lower than the 14% average annual
BDT in crore
40
Percentage
20000
increase in total budget allocation for 15000
30
health between FY11 and FY22 10000

20
➢ Increase in total budget allocation for health 5000 10

in FY22 followed a linear trend line, indicating 0 0
that the rise was business-as-usual and
FY16
FY17
FY19
FY22
FY20
FY21
FY10
FY11
FY12
FY13
FY14
FY15
FY18
nothing out of the ordinary, despite the
fact that the healthcare sector is reeling from Non-development Development
the shocks of COVID-19 Total Development as % of total
➢ Development budget allocation has increased Revised budget allocation

35000 50
by 24.46%, whereas non-development budget 45
allocation increased 2.54% 30000
40
25000 35
➢ Share of development budget allocation in BDT in crore
Percentage
20000 30
total budget allocation has increased from 25
43% in FY21 to 48% in FY22 15000 20
10000 15
➢ Share of revised development budget 10
allocation in total budget allocation has 5000
5
increased from 39% in FY20 to 44% in FY21 0 0
FY20
FY21
FY18
FY10
FY11
FY12
FY13
FY14
FY15
FY16
FY17
FY19
Non-development Development
CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 Total Development as % of total 61
Health
❑ Actual expenditure decreased by 20000

Actual expenditure
60
(-) 6% from BDT 18,677 in FY19 18000
50
to BDT 17,532 crore in FY20 16000
14000
40
BDT in crore
Percentage
❑ Budget utilisation (actual 12000
10000 30
expenditure as a percentage of revised 8000
20
budget allocation) has worsened 6000
4000
significantly over the past decade 2000
10
0 0
➢ Non-development budget utilization FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20
decreased from 95% in FY10 to 78% in Non-development Development
FY20 Total Development as % of total
Budget utilisation
➢ Development budget utilization 97 96 99 94 95 97 97
95
100 92 93 9294 9094
decreased from 87% in FY10 to 67% in 90
87 86
90 93
85
90
84 87 84
FY20 80
80
71
77
80 78
74
70
67
➢ Total budget utilization decreased 70
Percentage
60
from 92% in FY10 to 74% in FY20 50 45
❑ Over the past several years, 40

31
nondevelopment budget utilization has 30

20
been consistently higher than 10
development budget utilisation 0

FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20
CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 Non-development Development Total 62
Health
❑ Allocation for health as a share of the total Health allocation as % of total budget and GDP
7
budget has increased from 5.15% in FY21 to 6.18
5.86
6 5.60 5.42
5.39
5.42% in FY22 5.06
4.82 4.81
5.05
4.72
5.15
5 4.60 4.68
➢ However, this is lower than the allocation
Percentage
4
of 6.18% of budget in FY10 when there was
3
no pandemic
2
❑ Allocation for health as a share of 0.86 0.83 0.77 0.76 0.74 0.76 0.85 0.75 0.89 0.88 0.85 0.95 0.95
1
GDP remained the same between
FY21 and FY22 0
FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21 FY22
➢ Such allocation is only marginally higher than As % of budget As % of GDP
the average allocation of 0.83% of GDP during

FY10 to FY22
❑ Budget allocation for health has been less than 1% of GDP for the
past 13 years indicating that healthcare was never a priority sector
for the government; in 2017 at least 30 LDCs spent more than 1% of
GDP on health
❑ Surprisingly, even the COVID-19 pandemic was not reason enough for the
government to prioritise the healthcare sector in FY22
Health
❑ Out-of-pocket expenditure Out-of-pocket expenditure

90
(% of current health expenditure)
80
on health in Bangladesh is 70
not only the highest in 60
50
%
South Asia, but also 40
30
increasing over time 20
10
❑ CPI of medical care and 0
Bangladesh Bhutan India Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka
health expenses increased 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
from 156.1 in July 2012 to 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
CPI of Medical care and health expenses)
251.13 in March 2021 270
❑ Inflation rate of medical care 250

230
and health expenses
210
increased 0.18% in April 190
2020 to 2.42% in May 2020, 170
due to the rise in COVID-19 150

Jul-12
Jan-15
Aug-19
Aug-14
Sep-16
May-13
Jun-15
May-18
Jun-20
Nov-20
Nov-15
Apr-16
Jul-17
Dec-12
Oct-13
Oct-18
Jan-20
Mar-14
Feb-17
Dec-17
Mar-19
cases
Social Safety Net Programmes

❑ Allocation for social safety nets has increased from BDT 95,683 crore in
revised budget for FY2020-21 to BDT 107,614 crore in budget for FY2021-22
➢ This represents an increase of only 12% which is lower than the average rate
of increase of 17% between FY10 and FY22
❑ Allocation for pension has increased from BDT 23,000 crore in revised budget
for FY2020-21 to BDT 26,690 crore in budget for FY2021-22
➢ This represents an increase of 16% which is higher than the rate of increase
of overall social protection
Social protection allocation and pension allocation (in crore BDT)
107614
95683
120000
81865
100000
64404
Crore BDT
80000
48524
40857
35975
30636
60000
26690
26654
23000
23098
22449
23010
20894
21975
16706
13845
12667
40000
10018
11144
8607
6816
4003
5533
5041
3761
3617
20000
0
RBFY2009-10
RBFY2015-16
RBFY2016-17
RBFY2018-19
RBFY2012-13
RBFY2017-18
BFY2021-22
RBFY2010-11
RBFY2011-12
RBFY2019-20
RBFY2008-09
RBFY2013-14
RBFY2014-15
RBFY2020-21
Social protection allocation (in crore BDT) Pension allocation (in crore BDT)

❑ Overall social safety net budget as a percentage of budget and GDP increased
slightly from RBFY21 to BFY22
❑ Social safety net budget excluding pension as a percentage of
budget decreased 13.49% from RBFY21 to 13.41% in BFY22
❑ Social safety net budget excluding pension as a percentage of GDP
decreased 2.35% from RBFY21 to 2.34% in BFY22
Social protection allocation as a % of budget Social protection allocation as a % of GDP
20 18 18 4 3 3
16 16 3
18 15 15 15 3 3 3
16 14 14 13 2 2 2
12 12 13 13 2 2 2 2
14 3 2 2
12 2
10 13 13 13 2 2
%
%
12 12 2 2 2
8 11 11 10 2 2
9 9 9 9 9 9 2 2 2 2 2
6 1 1 1 1
4
2 1
0 0
RBFY2011-12
RBFY2017-18
RBFY2018-19
RBFY2010-11
RBFY2012-13
RBFY2016-17
RBFY2008-09
RBFY2014-15
RBFY2013-14
RBFY2009-10
RBFY2019-20
RBFY2020-21
RBFY2015-16
BFY2021-22
RBFY2011-12
RBFY2017-18
RBFY2018-19
RBFY2008-09
RBFY2010-11
RBFY2012-13
RBFY2016-17
RBFY2014-15
RBFY2009-10
RBFY2013-14
RBFY2020-21
RBFY2019-20
RBFY2015-16
BFY2021-22
Social protection allocation (as percentage of budget) Social protection allocation (as percentage of GDP)
Social protection allocation excluding pension (as percentage of total budget) Social protection allocation excluding pension (as percentage of GDP)

Some programmes where allocation increased in BFY22

Description RBFY21 FY22 Change
(BDT (BDT in (in %)
crore) crore)
Honorarium for Freedom Fighters 2,880 4,653 62
Pension for Retired Government Employees and their Families 23,000 26,690 16
Agricultural Subsidy 1,700 7,970 369
Housing construction project for the insolvent freedom fighters 0 101
❑ Two large funds with no declared number of beneficiaries were included

in the social safety net budget:
➢ BDT 7,300 crore as “funds to combat the outbreak of the corona pandemic”
➢ BDT 5,000 crore as “funds to deal with economic and natural shocks”
❑ For these two programmes, it is mentioned in the budget document that “the
beneficiary coverage for this activity is in process and will be determined
according to the necessity in fiscal year 2021-22”
➢ However, it is not clear when the funds will become necessary since ordinary
people are already suffering from corona pandemic, economic shocks and natural
shocks
➢ It is also not clear how the necessity of such funds will be confirmed
Some programmes where allocation decreased in BFY22

RBFY21 FY22
(BDT in (BDT in Change
Description crore) crore) (in %)
Work For Money (WFM) 2277 1500 -34
Test Relief (TR) (Cash) 2325 1450 -38
Skills and Employment Programme in Bangladesh 60 49 -19
Development of the Living Standard of the Marginal Communities of Bangladesh 15 7 -52
Multi-Sectoral Programme to Prevent Violence Against Women (4th Phase) 27 18 -36
Income Support Program for the Poorest (Care+ Dream) 626 572 -9
Infrastructure and Livelihood Improvement in Haor & Costal Area 319 208 -35
Flood Management and Livelihood Improvement Project in Char/Haor Area 191 135 -29
Improved Living Standard for Low-income People 70 40 -43
Integrated Livestock Development to Improve the Socio-economic and Quality of
Life of the Backward Minorities Living in the Plain-land 41 32 -23
Child Sensitive Social Protection in Bangladesh 15 14 -6
Development Programs for the Distressed and Neglected Women and Children 53 44 -19
Char Development and Settlement Project-bridging 131 77 -41
Rural Infrastructure Development (Non-ADP) 1877 1500 -20
❑ Allocation has been cut for programmes protecting livelihoods, such as

Work For Money and Skills and Employment Programme in Bangladesh
❑ Allocation has also been cut for several programmes which address the
needs of marginalized, vulnerable, and left behind communities
❑ Allocation for 3 kinds of education stipends have been cut in FY22

RBFY21 FY22 Change
Description (BDT in crore) (BDT in crore) (in %)
Primary School Stipend 3712 1900 -49
Secondary & Higher Secondary Stipend 2832 1841 -35
Stipends for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Level Students 96 80 -17
Secondary education, general pupils (% female)
❑ In 1981, only 19% secondary school
pupils in Bangladesh were female, 100
Before stipend After stipend
compared to 26% in Pakistan 90
❑ In 1982, the government of Bangladesh 80

initiated the female secondary education 70
stipend.
Percentage
60
➢ Results from a pilot project showed that girls’ 50
secondary enrolments increased from 40
an average of 7.9% to 14%
30
❑ In 1994, the highly successful programme 20
was launched nationwide.
10
❑ In 2018, girls comprised of 54% 0
secondary school pupils in
19 8 8
19 9 1
19 8 2
1985
19 9 4
19 9 7
19 70
2 000
2012
19 73
2018
19 76
19 79
2003
2015
2006
2009
Bangladesh were female, compared to
only 44% in Pakistan Stipend introduced Bangladesh Pakistan
Agriculture

Agriculture
❑ Overall allocation for Agriculture and Allied Sectors (AAS) is Tk. 31912 crore in BFY22 which is 7.4%
higher than RFY21 (Tk. 29,725 crore in RBFY21)
➢ However, the share of AAS in total budget has decreased (3.6 percentage point) compared to that in
RBFY21
❑ MoA received the highest share of allocation within the AAS (50.8% which has significantly increased-
44.5% from RBFY21).
➢ The share of MoEF has also increased (3.8% in FY22 and 3.2% in RFY21)
❑ MoL has received a significantly higher budget allocation (22.2% in BFY22 than 19.4% in BFY21 due to
increased allocation in development budget
➢ This is perhaps because of the ongoing ADP projects to digitally record land areas and others
% Change in Allocation in Different

Ministries of AAS (%) Allocation for MoA (Tk. crore)
100.0 20,000
15,437 16197
80.0 92.4 14210
15,000
12,174 12,953
60.0
59.2 12,893 13167
40.0 31.8 10,000 11813
19.1 17.9 10,400 11,087
20.0 28.5 10.9 9.6
15.3 0.2
3.7 5,000 2,544 2397 3030
0.0 1,774 1,866
-1.4 -0.6 0
-20.0 -11.4-9.5
MoA MoFL MoEF MoL MoWA AFY19 RFY20 BFY21 RFY21 BFY22
BFY21 RFY21 BFY22 Operating Development Total

Agriculture
❑ Within the agriculture sector, MoA and MoWR generally tend to perform well in terms of ADP
implementation
➢ Poor ADP implementation performance is observed for MoFL, MoEF and MoL
❑ Given the importance of agriculture production and food security, subsidy in the agriculture sector has been
increased by 17.4% vis-a-visRFY21
➢ Despite the improvement in subsidy utilization in recent years, a considerable share (9.5%) tend to remain
unutilized
➢ Efficient and full utilization of subsidy will help reducing production costs and contribute to enhance
production
Stimulus Package
❑ Till Apr’21, 78.7% and 59.0% credit to farmers have been disbursed from Tk. 5,000 crore and Tk. 3,000 crore
refinance scheme, respectively
➢ About 2 lakh borrowers have received credit from the Tk 5,000 crore fund
➢ It is important to ensure full utilization of fund as early as possible
➢ Considering the difficulty of farmers, the Central bank should extend loan repayment period up to 3 years
Subsidy in Agriculture (BDT crore) AAS’s ADP implementation as % of RFY
Allocation Revised Utilised Unustisiled 120.0
97.7
105.2
96.7
100.0 90.4 90.6 85.0
FY17 9,000 6,000 3,493 2,507 79.1 99.7
80.0 89.2
FY18 9,000 6,000 5,268 732 76.8
58.85 59.3
51.3 56.96 79.0
60.0 73.3 43.19
42.25
FY19 9,000 8,070 7,763 307 40.0
60.5 37.4 36.3
49.0
FY20 9,001 8,001 7175 826 20.0 35.9 30.0 37.1
FY21 9501 8599 0.0
FY22 10099 MoA MoFL MoEF MoL MoWR
AFY17 AFY18 AFY19 AFY20 Apr'21

Agriculture
Distribution of ADP Projects under AAS

❑Distribution of projects indicate that agriculture Types Number %
New Projects 3 1.9
sector is burdened with carry-over projects
Continuing 80 51.3
➢ More than 50% are continuing projects and Concluding 44 28.2
28% are concluding projects Carry Over 29 18.6
➢About 19% are carryover projects Total 156 100
❑ A number of concluding projects (by June, 2022)
Carry Over Projects
will make positive contribution to food
production/storage including production of high Project Name
Completion
quality pulses, repair of storages, warehouse and rate by FY22
household silos etc Integrated Livestock Development Project in
90%
➢ Adequate allocation should be made for a Coastal Chars 01/07/2018—30-06-2021
Strengthening flower marketing system through
number of concluding projects related to crop market infrastructure, storage and
production through solar irrigation, fish 54%
transportation facilities 01/10/2018—30-06-
production and fish farming technology 2021
expansion etc Safe horticultural crop production and post-
❑ If the allocation for carry over projects such as harvest technology expansion project (1st 37%
livestock development, horticulture crop Revised) 01/07/2018—30-06-2021
Continuing Projects
production, is not adequate, there will be adverse
impact on production and employment Development of micro-irrigation through the
48%
use of solar energy 01/10/2018—30/06/2023
➢ Necessary allocation should be made to
Building modern food warehouse 01/01/2014—
complete those projects as quickly as possible 46%
31/10/2023
Sustainable coastal and marine fisheries
34%
programme 01/07/2018—30/06/2023
Sustainable forest & livelihood 01/07/2018—
43%
30/06/2023
Agriculture
Concluding Projects
❑ Fiscal Measures Completion rate
Project Name
❑ Tax exemption has been given for ten by FY22
Increase crop production through expansion of solar and water efficient
years to agriculture and fisheries modern technology (Pilot) 01/07/2017—30/06/2022
82%
institutions that provide diploma and Increasing irrigation capacity and development of micro-irrigation thorugh
46%
reserving surface water in Rangpur area 1/1/2018—30/6/2022
vocational education
Strengthening programme of the activities of agricultural training institutes
93%
➢ This will help develop high quality (1st Revised) 1/6/2018—30/6/2022
diploma institutes which will train Increasing fish production through reservoir reform (2nd revised)
44%
01/10/2015—30/06/2022
agriculture graduates Expansion of fish farming technology services at the union level (Phase II)
30%
❑ Tax exemption for ten years for (2nd revised) 01/03/2015—30/06/22
Dingapota Haor sub-project canal re-excavation and quality of life
industries engaged in processing improvement project in Mohanganj upazila of Netrokona district 85%
locally grown fruits and vegetables, 01/07/2020—30/06/2022
Irrigation Management Improvement Project (for Muhuri Irrigation) (2nd
producing milk and dairy products, 80%
Revision) 01/07/2014—30/06/2022
and manufacturing of agricultural Afforestation in coastal areas including new chars in the Bay of Bengal
94%
01/01/2018—31/12/2021
machineries Cow fattening project with modern technology 01/01/2019—31/12/2021 88%
➢ Will help promote new Completed Projects
entrepreneurs in the agriculture Improving horticultural crop supply and nutrition security through capacity
building of BADC's horticulture development department 01/01/2018— 98%
sector 30/06/2022
❑ Zero tariff on imports of major Production, storage and distribution of high quality pulses, oil and spice
99%
seeds at farmer level (Phase 3) (1st Revised) 01/07/2017—30/06/2022
agricultural inputs, especially Repair of old food warehouses and ancillary facilities and construction of new
100%
fertilizers, seeds, pesticides etc., infrastructure across the country 01/07/2018—30/06/2022
Char development and settlement programme-bridging (CDSPB) (Land
➢ Will reduce cost of inputs 98%
ministry's part) 01/07/2019—30/06/2022
➢ Will help set up new start ups Household silos for safe food storage for poor, backward minorities and
disaster prone people living in different parts of the country 01/07/2020— 100%
CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget31/12/21
for FY2021-22 75
Employment Generation

❑ The FY 2022’s budget was expected to put emphasis on Overview of Total Allocation
employment generation as the pandemic continues to 2500
affect the economy through job losses and low wages 2000
➢ The budget’s assumption is that fiscal incentives at 1500
enterprise level will induce entrepreneurs to invest 1000

500
during the ongoing crisis
0
➢ However, experience of FY2021 indicates that Ministry of Minstry of Ministry of Ministry of
Industry Youth and Labour and Expatriates'
investment depends on other factors as well (e.g., ease Sport Employment and Overseas
Employment
of doing business; competitiveness environment)
RFY 2020 BFY 2021 RFY 2021 BFY 2022
❑ Allocations for four employment-generation related
ministries do not show any tangible change
Change (%) in BFY 22 compared to RFY 21
➢ The overall allocation for MoI, MoLE, MoYS, &
MoEOE decreased by 10% compared to last fiscal year 21.7
(revised) 9.1 11.1 10.0 10.5

4.9
8.2
0.0
❑ Although MoI received the highest allocation among the
-0.4
four (Tk. 1584 Crore), its total (-23.8%) & development (- -6.1
29.9%) allocation have been reduced
-23.8
➢ The development allocation, on the other hand, has -29.9
been increased for MoYS (21.7%), MoOE (9.1%), while

Dev
Dev
Dev
Dev
Non Dev
Non Dev
Non Dev
Non Dev
Total
Total
Total
Total
it remains the same (0%) for MoLE
MoOE MoLE MoYS MoI
❑ Implementation status selected carry over projects

Project Name Max Completion by FY22
224252300- BEPZA Economic Zone Mirsharai (1st Phase) (01/09/2018-30/06/2021) 52.0%
Establishment of Sheikh Hasina Nakshipalli Jamalpur (1st Phase) (01/03/2019-31/12/2021) 1.4%
BSCIC Industrial Park Sirajganj (01/07/2010-30/06/2021) 85.2%
E-banijyo korbo, nijer byabsha gorbo (ই বানিজ্য করব, নিজজ্র বযবসা গড়ব) 01/07/2018- 30/06/2021 80.0%
BSCIC Plastic Industrial Park (01/07/2015-30/06/2021) 56.5%
BSCIC Industrial Park Tangail (01/07/2015-30/06/2021) 82.5%
BSCIC Industrial Park Rajshahi (1st Revised) (01/07/2014-30/06/2021) 100.0%
BSCIC Industrial Park Raujan (1st Revised) (01/07/2015-30/06/2021) 53.9%
BSCIC Industrial Park Bhairab (1st Revised) (01/07/2015-30/06/2021) 71.7%
❑ Implementation status selected concluding projects
Bangladesh's golden tradition of making muslin yarn and restoring muslin cloth (1st Phase) 81.3%
(01/07/2018-30/06/2022)
BSCIC Chemical Industrial Park Munshiganj (1st Revised) (01/07/2018-30/06/2022) 36.3%
BSCIC Printing Industrial Park (01/7/2015-30/06/2022) 57.3%
Sheikh Hasina Handloom Village Establishment (1st Revised) (01/07/2018 - 30/06/2022) 100%
Poverty eradication in hill tracts area by expanding and developing silk cultivation (01/07/2017- 87.7%
30/06/2022)
Establishment of 40 Technical Training Centre in 40 Upazillas and 1 institute of Marine
61.5%
Technology in Chattogram (01/01/ 2016- 30/06/2022)
❑ Implementation status selected continuing projects
Export Competitiveness for Jobs (1st Revised) - (01/07/217-30/06/2023) 52.9%
Establishment of Indian Economic Zone in Mirsharai (01/04/2019 - 30/06/2023) 0.6%
❑ The overall implementation rate of ADP in FY21 (for four employment-related ministries) is less than half
(44.7%) till April, 2021
➢ The individual implementation rate: MoI:42.7%, MoEOE: 74.5%, MoLE: 48.7%, MoYS: 29.2%
➢ MoYS is in weak state in terms of ADP implementation compared to other ministries
➢ The ADP allocation for these four ministries in FY 22 are not in line with the 8th FYP (overall 16.7 %
lower)
❑ Delayed project implementation means delayed employment generation by crowding-in private
investment
❑ Table presents a list of carry-over, concluding and continuing projects with evidence of delayed
implementation
❑ Estimations indicate that current level of allocation will not ensure completion of a number of crucial
carryover ADP projects even in FY 22
➢ These projects, including “BSCIC industrial park in Raujan, Bhairab, Tangail”, “E-banijyo korbo, nijer
byabsha gorbo” “BEPAZA economic zone in Mirsharai”, etc. would have created employment
opportunities if were timely implemented
❑ In case of concluding projects, most of the employment-generating projects targeted for completion in
FY 22 are not likely to be completed
➢ Some of these projects are “BSCIC Printing Industrial Park”, “Expansion and development of silk
cultivation”, “Establishment of 40 technical training centres” etc.
➢ A similar trend could be observed for continuing projects as well
➢ Adequate allocation and timely implementation need to be ensured

❑ Overview of some of the key fiscal measures

Sector/Group Measure Implication on investment,
production and employment
Overall Reduction of corporate tax by 2.5 percent Will increase investible surplus
which may encourage investment
SMEs (Women Increase of turnover for minimum tax to Tk 70 lakh for firms Will increase investible surplus
Entrepreneurs) run by female entrepreneurs from Tk 50 lakh. which may encourage investment
and promote women
entrepreneurship
SMEs 1% exemption for import of capital machinery to small and Will reduce cost of machineries and
medium enterprises irrespective of commercial and industrial have positive implication for
establishments enhancing rate of return
Export oriented Provide concessionary rate for the import of two raw Will reduce cost of machineries and
Industry materials for the footwear industry thereby reduce operational costs
Electronics Industry Expansion of existing concessionary rate on raw materials Will reduce cost of machineries and
importation of refrigerator & compressor manufacturing thereby reduce operational costs
industries
LED light manufacturer Reduction of the existing tariff on import of parts of LED light Will reduce cost of machineries and
/ assembling industry manufacturer / assembling industry thereby reduce operational costs
Health Industry Tax exemption, subject to certain conditions, to general Will encourage new investment
hospitals
Marginal group Tax rebates for organizations employing 10% transgender Will create new jobs for this group
employees or 100 third gender employees of marginalised people
ICT Concessional facilities for import of computer accessories and Will reduce cost of machineries and
raw materials of ICT industry thereby reduce operational costs
❑ The initiatives in support of SMEs do not meet and match expectations

➢ The SMEs have been suffering from credit crunch while the first stimulus package is
already near the end of disbursement (73% of total fund disbursed)
➢ Along with the proposed tax cuts for SMEs, a new stimulus package should be
designed to provide money in their hand and assist them in salvaging their business
during the ongoing crisis
❑ A number of fiscal incentives have been proposed which would encourage
investment/reduce operational costs and thereby promote employment (Table)
➢ Most of these incentives are enterprise-oriented which will help reduce operational
costs. Whether enterprises will be encouraged to take the advantage will depend on
the covid situation & its containment and whether they have cash in hand for
investment
➢ CPD suggested, along with reducing tax for enterprises, a payroll tax cut (e.g., raising
the tax-free limit of income tax) for employees should be introduced to create more
jobs in the time of crisis to stimulate consumption
❑ No major initiatives regarding introducing the unemployment benefit/insurance except
for the small one for the export-oriented sectors under the social safety net
➢ Introduction of unemployment benefit will help the left-out people. This will also
stimulate the aggregate demand
➢ Initiative targeting the RMG, and other export-oriented sectors is already underway
with the funding of the EU. But due to the lack of data and cooperation from the
employers, the initiative is yet to make any headway
Youth

Youth
❑ Allocation for development expenditure for the Ministry of Youth and

Sports has risen from 20.4% of the total allocation in the revised budget for
RBFY21 to 25% of the total allocation in BFY22.
❑ The total allocation for the Ministry of Youth and Sports has decreased
from 0.20% of budget RBFY21 to 0.19% of budget BFY22 and from 0.04%
of GDP in RBFY21 to 0.03% of GDP in BFY22
Non-development, development and total allocation for Allocation for Ministry of Youth and Sports as a Share
the Ministry of Youth and Sports Total Budget and GDP
100% 1600 0.60
Total allocation (in crore BDT)

90% 0.49
1400
0.50
80%
% of total allocation
1200 0.40
70% 0.37
0.40 0.34 0.33
60% 1000
0.28 0.27 0.27
0.30 0.25 0.25 0.26
50% 800 %
0.20 0.19
40% 600 0.20 0.15
30%
400 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06
20% 0.10
0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03
10% 200
0% 0 0.00
RBFY21
AFY12
AFY10
AFY15
AFY16
AFY18
AFY19
AFY13
AFY9
AFY11
AFY20
AFY14
BFY22
AFY17
AFY13
AFY14
AFY10
AFY11
AFY12
AFY15
AFY16
AFY17
AFY18
AFY19
RBFY21
BFY22
AFY20
AFY9
Non-development Development Total allocation Total allocation as % of total budget Total allocation as % of GDP

Education

Education
❑ Total allocation for education sector in BFY 2022 Budget Utilisation

is BDT 71,953 crore, an increase of 8.68%
compared with RBFY2021 (in BDT 66,207 120
105
104
102
102
102
100
100
101
101
crore).
99
99
99
98
98
98
96
96
96
95
95
95
95
95
95
95
95
94
93
93
90
100
88
84
❑ As a share of total budget, education budget
76
80
Percentage
decreased from 14% in FY10 to 11.92% in
60
FY22.
❑ Education budget as a share of GDP remained 40
stagnant during recent fiscal years. The revised 20

education budget as a share of GDP decreased to 0
2.08% in BFY22 from 2.14% in RBFY21. FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20
❑ This is also significantly lower than the Non-development Expenditure Development Expenditure Total Expenditure
respective 8th FYP targets of 3.5% in 2025 and
UNESCO targets (of 4-6%). Sectoral Allocation as % of Total Budget & GDP
❑ 8th FYP targets to increase education budget as a 16
1.95 2.01 2.18 2.19 2.14 2.08 2.5
share of GDP to 4% in 2031 and 5% in 2041. 14
1.78 1.73 1.87 1.85
1.92 1.95 1.87
2
12
However, at the current rate education budget as Percentage
Percentage
10
a share of GDP may reach up to 2.15% in 2025, 1.5
8
14.29
14.07
14.14
13.64
2.26% in 2031 and 2.43% in 2041.
12.28
11.92
11.68
11.65
11.62
1
10.96
11.21
11.6
10.44
6
❑ Budget utilisation has been decreasing over the 4
0.5
years, specially for the development expenditure, 2
except for FY19 (actual) which was 95%. 0 0
AFY10
AFY11
AFY15
RBFY21
AFY12
AFY13
AFY14
AFY16
AFY17
AFY18
AFY19
FY22
AFY20
Operating budget accounted for major portion of
allocation each year.
Total Expenditure as a % of Budget Total Expenditure as a % of GDP

Education
❑ Development expenditure as percentage of total actual Actual Expenditure

expenditure in the education sector remained steady 60000
28 29 29 28
40
BDT in crore
50000 26 26 25 26
during recent fiscal years. This trend is similar both for 24
Percentage
23 23 30
40000
revised and proposed budget allocation. 30000 20
20000
❑ However, we observe that the utilization rate of budget 10
10000
decreased drastically to 88.17% in FY20 from 95.12% in 0 0
FY19.
❑ There was a jump in growth in terms of the allocation of
education budget in FY17 (8.18% in FY16 to 55% in FY17), Non-development expenditure
which then observed a sharp decline in the following FY. Development expenditure
However, 8th FYP targets to increase ADP allocation to Total expenditure
BDT 402.2 in FY25 from BDT 159.4 billion in FY21. Development expenditure as % of total expenditure
Therefore, more allocation is needed for this sector.

Revised Budget Allocation
37
Discrepancy between Budget Allocation and Expenditure 70000 33 40
60000 29 29 30 35
27 26 26 27 27 26
BDT in crore
24 30
Percentage
80000 98 101 102 98 101 120 50000
95 97 97 92 95 25
70000 88 100 40000
20
60000 30000 15
BDT in Crore
80
Percentage
50000 20000 10
60 10000 5
40000
40 0 0
30000
20000 20
10000 0
Non-development expenditure
0 -20
FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21 FY22 Development expenditure
Total Allocation Total Actual Expenditure Total expenditure

Utilisation Rate of Budget Growth in Total Allocation Development expenditure as % of total expenditure
Growth in Total Actual Expenditure

Education
❑ Primary Education: There is an insignificant rise in the budget of FY22 for the Ministry of
Primary & Mass Education given the COVID-19 crises.
❑ Moreover, there is a decrease in development expenditure as a share of total expenditure to
30% in FY22 from 38% in FY21.
❑ Secondary & Higher Education: The secondary & higher education division experienced a
gradual increase in allocation from BDT 8,712 crore in AFY10 to BDT 36,486 crore in FY 22.
❑ However, the secondary & higher education division experienced a declining rate of budget
utilisation from 95% in FY19 to 91% in FY20 indicating the scope for more development in
higher education sector.
❑ This reduced expenditure further raises the concern of addressing the issues such as low
quality teachers, poor infrastructural management, chances of dropouts etc.
Development and Non-development Expenditure
FY22
FY20
FY18
FY16
FY14
FY12
FY10
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000
Non-development (Primary) Non-development (Secondary & Higher)

Non-development (Tech. & Madrasah) Development (Primary)
Development (Secondary & Higher) Development (Tech. & Madrasah)

Education
❑ Proposed Initiatives on Education Sector in BFY22 Budget

➢ To accelerate the development of education by overcoming the impact of COVID-19, government will
implement the inclusive and science-oriented education initiatives and develop infrastructure as
announced in the last financial year, as well as expand the scope of the ongoing activities.
➢ In an effort to make students’ school attendance more enjoyable, government has directed to pay BDT
1000 primarily as kit allowance (dress, shoes and bags) to each student at the beginning of the year, and
to give monthly stipend of BDT 150 instead of BDT 100.
➢ The government has allocated BDT 3,712 crore in the current fiscal year out of which BDT 1,200 crore is
being spent on kit allowance and the remaining amount on stipend.
➢ To keep the education programme up-to-date and enhance the quality of education, the government has
taken steps such as bringing 1.05 lakh teachers within the government payroll.
➢ Motivational and sensitisation programme for illiterate people will be initiated. The main objective of
this programme will be to sensitise them about important social issues, such as health
care information, maintaining health protocol and hygiene, quality of life, importance of
proper education, etc. and to inspire them so that they become interested and feel encouraged in
fully sensitising their children on these matters.

Education
❑ CIT on private universities and private medical colleges should be

withdrawn as this will ultimately increase the cost of higher education
implicitly.
❑ 7.5% VAT on English medium education should exempted.
Education is a merit good which should be encouraged.
❑ Initiatives should be taken for easy access to computers and tablets for
educational purposes.
❑ Utilisation of budget allocation on education should be prioritised and more
of investment on education should be encouraged.

Children

Children
❑ A new project – “Primary School Meal Project” will be implemented from

July 2021 in order to maintain children’s nutritional needs.
❑ Prevention of Violence against Women and Children (Amendment) Act
2020 has been enacted.
❑ One-Stop Crisis Centers for women and children victims of violence in
divisional districts and medical college hospitals have been set up to
provide instant support through the mobile app 'Joy’.
❑ The Child Daycare Act 2021 has been drafted and awaits enactment.
❑ Daycare centers for children will be established to expand child
development for extremely poor and marginalized children.
❑ In accordance with the National Strategic Plan 2016-2021, child
development centers have been established in 33 hospitals through which
patients with autism and neurodevelopmental disorders are being provided
integrated treatment.
Power and Energy

Power and Energy
❑ In the FY 2022 Budget, the Energy and Power sector has allocation of Energy and Power Sector
Tk. 27,484 crore which is mostly earmarked for ADP (Tk 27,367 crore) 30000
26049 26,154 26,758 27,484
27367
23,777
25000 26640
➢ Allocation for Energy and Mineral Division: Tk 2086 Crore (Op: 23684
Tk.68 Cr. , Dev: Tk.2018 Cr) 20000
15000
➢ Allocation for Power Division: Tk 25398 Crore (Op: Tk.49 Cr., Dev:
Tk.25349 Cr.) 10000
5000
➢ Allocation has increased by 15.6% in BFY2022 compared to that in 105 118 93 117
RFY2021 (Tk 23,777 crore) – almost at the same rate in Power 0
RFY 2020 BFY 2021 RFY 2021 BFY 2022
Division and Energy and Mineral Division
Operating Development Total
➢ The sectoral allocation for the Energy and Power has reduced to
some extent in FY 2022 ( from 4.71% in FY 2021 to 4.55% in
% change in FY 21 and FY 22
FY2022)
➢ The sector has a good track record in ADP implementation –
average rate of implementation in FY2021 is 59.4% (July-April
2021) - higher than the overall average
Non Development
Non Development
Total
Total
Development
Development
❑ Against the reduction in development and non-development budgets
in FY2021 both for the Power and Energy Divisions, all the segments
received higher amount of budget allocation in FY2022
Power Division Energy and Mineral

Resources Division
CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 Change (%) in FY 21 Change (%) in FY 22 93
Power and Energy
❑ The power sector is struggling with over-capacity: 48.4% of Distribution of ADP allocation
generation capacity remained unutilized on 2 June, 2021 of FY 22 in Power Sector
(BPDB) Sub-sector Allocated % of total
❑ As a result, the BPDB needs significant amount of subsidy ADP (Lakh) ADP
to meet its cost. Generation Tk 28325.4 62.03%
❑ In FY22 the subsidy provided for energy and power sector Transmission Tk 8779.3 19.23%
will remain same at Tk 9,ooo crore like FY21. The subsidy
Distribution Tk 8,558.6 18.74%
will likely mean that BPDB will not need to seek
Total Tk 45663.3 100%
permission from BERC to raise the power tariff which is
not desirable during the crisis period
➢ Despite of being burdened with overcapacity, power sector is continuing to give priority to generation
related projects under ADP
▪ 62% of the total ADP allocation of power sector is provided for generation
▪ Power sector should shift its allocation from generation towards more on transmission and distribution
❑ FY 2022 budget did not give due importance towards generation of renewable energy
❑ At present only 722 MW of electricity is being generated from renewable energy which is only 2.86% of
the total generation capacity whereas PSMP 2016 had aimed to generate 10% of the total capacity from
RE within 2025
❑ Despite the political commitment for phasing out from fossil-fuel based power generation towards clean-
energy based power generation
➢ FY 22 budget has failed to rise to the commitment
❑ CPD will separately present its reaction on the budget for the power sector in detail later
VII. OTHER SELECTED
ISSUES

Local Government

Local Government
❑ CPD appreciate the role of local government institutions for addressing the challenges at grass roots level
in view of addressing rising poverty and employment
➢ The poverty rate increased from 21.8% in 2019 to 30% amid the pandemic. Almost 16.38 million
people became new poor. (CPD, BILS, 2021)
❑ The proposed allocation for LGRD in BFY’22 is Tk 42,193 crore, which is 0.55% less than that of RBFY’21
➢ LGRD accounts for 7.0% of the total budget, similar to that of BFY’21
➢ Given the demand for rising engagement of the public sector at the local level in view of the COVID
pandemic, reduction of budget allocation will undermine COVID related effects and measures
❑ About 93% of LGRD’s total allocation will be utilized by the LGD
➢ This is a rise of 0.58% in BFY’22 as compared to RFY’21
❑ The other two divisions, RGCD and MCHTA, will see a decline by their budgets by 19.9% and 0.25%,
respectively
➢ This will likely have an adverse impact on people living outside the urban areas such as those living in
rural areas marginal and lagging regions
% CHANGES IN ALLOCATION
LGRD ALLOCATION (TK IN CRORE)
11.61
10.46
7.77
42426
6.74
42193
5.25
4.80
4.41
2.20
0.58
0.36
40474
39573
-0.08361204
-0.25
-0.31
-0.81
-2.14
-3.40
37886
Change (%) in FY 21
-19.94
Change (%) in FY 22
BFY'20 RFY'20 BFY'21 RFY'21 BFY'22 DEV NON- TOTAL DEV -30.21 NON- TOTAL DEV NON- TOTAL
DEV DEV DEV
MCHTA RCCD LGD
Local Government
❑ Given the better performance in budget implementation (53.9% up to April 2021),

which is above the average completion rate (49.09%), higher allocation to LGD is
likely to ensure higher utilization which would assure higher benefit for the targeted
people
➢ In comparison to the 8th Five Year Plan, ADP allocation for BFY2022 is 14.5%
higher (Tk.366.5 billion vis-à-vis Tk320.2 billion)
❑ Despite LGRD’s good ADP implementation capacity, diversity in levels of
implementation is observed in carryover, concluding and continuing projects
➢ The pace of completion of carry over projects is slow; with the proposed
allocation, those will be difficult to complete in FY22 as well.
▪ These projects include Rural Market Development Project-(06/21: 25.1%);
Rural Road Rehabilitation- (06/21: 39.4%) need more focus for
implementation.
➢ In case of concluding projects, the proposed allocation will help to complete
important projects. These include Ashrayan-2 (06/22: 99.2%); LGSP-3 (12/21:
92.4%); Multipurpose Disaster Shelter (12/21: 81.6%)
▪ The LGSP-3 was initiated to ensure cleanliness at the grass root level, and
masks, sanitizers, soaps/handwash, bleaching powder, etc. that were
distributed among 673 thousand households

Local Government
❑ Implementation Status of Selected Carry Over Projects

Max Implementation rate
Project Name
by FY22 (%)
Countrywide Rural Market Infrastructure Development Project- 01/07/2017-30/06/2021 25.1
Flood and Disaster Affected Rural Road Infrastructure Rehabilitation- 01/01/2018-30/06/2021 79.9
Rural Road Rehabilitation Project- 01/11/2018-30/06/2021 39.4
Rural Transport Improvement Project-2 (2nd Amendment)- 01/07/2012-30/06/2021 88.4
Strengthening Inclusive Development in Chattogram Hill Tracks- 01/02/2017-30/03/2021 30.9
❑ Implementation Status of Concluding Projects
Project Name
by FY22 (%)
Ashrayan-2 Project (3rd Amendment)- 01/07/2010-30/06/2022 99.2
Rural Infrastructural Development Project for Mymensingh Region- 01/10/2017-30/06/2022 49.0
Income Support Program for the Poorest (ISPP)- Jawtno Project- 01/04/2015-30/06/2022 61.0
Third Local Governance Project (LJSP-3)- 01/01/2017-31/12/2021 92.4
Multipurpose Disaster Shelter Constructional Project (1st Amendment)- 01/01/2015-
81.6
31/12/2021
Ashrayan-3 Project (Construct Necessary infrastructure in "Vashanchar" for Security of the
23.5
Rohingyas' from Myanmar) (1st Amendment)- 01/12/2017-31/11/2021
Efficient and Accountable Local Governance (EALG)- 01/01/2018-31/12/2022 89.4
❑ Implementation Status of Selected Continuing Projects
Project Name
by FY22 (%)
Cyclone “Amphan” and Flood Affected Rural Road Infrastructure Rehabilitation Project-
4.1
01/10/2020-31/12/2023
Preferable Important Rural Infrastructure Development Project-3- 01/07/2020-30/06/2024 10.4
Local Government
➢ The status of the continuing projects is not satisfactory. Funds need to be increased to
complete the projects within the stipulated timeline
❑ Some employment generating and infrastructure development projects did not get ADP allocation
in FY22
➢ Rural infrastructure development project in haor areas and Countrywide bridge construction
in rural areas
➢ Allocation should be made for these projects
❑ RGCD is implementing project titled “Poverty reduction of marginalized population and ensuring
employment of the extreme poor in northern areas/production and marketing of nutritious high
value cereals” with a budget of Tk.156.3 crore
➢ The project will benefit 0.89 lakh people
❑ LGD should undertake a project in FY2022 similar to the one which is going to be completed by
June, 2021
➢ For distributing free masks, hand sanitizers and soaps to distribute among the common people
and students in hats, bazaars, bus stations, schools and colleges in the municipal areas
❑ GoB initiated a new rural development project, “My Village-My Town”, for 15 pilot villages all
over the country. However, this covers only 0.01% (Total 87,310 villages, BBS 2011) of the villages
in the country
➢ The GoB should complete the pilot project and go for expanded coverage and scaling up, with
more allocation, as early as possible
➢ CPD proposed initiating such project in order to enhance employment in rural areas through
infrastructure development
Gender

Gender
❑ Allocation for gender budget has increased by 13.2% in FY22 to

BDT 197,524 crore against RBFY21.
Trend of Gender Budget allocation
250 70%
➢ The allocation for operating
60%
BDT in 1000 crore

expenditure for gender budget is 200
50%
Percentage
Tk. 106,874 crore in FY22 which is 150 40%
highest in the past 12 years. 30%
100
▪ Actual expenditure for the 20%
previous year is unavailable; lack 50
10%
of transparency.
0 0%
➢ Gender budget for FY22 accounts
for nearly 5.71% of total GDP.
▪ It is slightly higher than RBFY21 Non-development expenditure
(5.64%) Development expenditure
Total expenditure
Development expenditure as % of total expenditure
➢ The gender budget allocated for the Ministry of Women and Children Affairs is Tk.
3,396 crore for FY22 which is around 81% of the total budget for the ministry.
CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22
102
Gender
Impact of COVID-19 on
Gender Projects and Programs in FY 2020-21
women
• 67 One-Stop Crisis Centers for women and children
victims of violence in divisional districts and medical
college hospitals in 6 districts have been set up - 47 in
district sadar hospitals and 20 in upazila health
complexes.
Increase in rape, domestic violence
• Instant support is being provided through the mobile
by partners and violence against
app 'Joy’.
women and girls in general
• Prevention of Violence against Women and Children
(Amendment) Act 2020 has been enacted.
• Allocation for “Multi-sectoral Program to prevent
Violence Against Women” decreased from BDT 27.40
crore in RBFY21 to BDT 17.56 crore in BFY22.
Increase in burden of unpaid care • The Child Daycare Act 2021 has been drafted and awaits
and domestic work enactment.
Increase in child marriage • No measures taken
More susceptible to health risks • No measures taken

Climate Change

Climate Change
➢ In the revised budget from FY2015-16 ➢ The climate relevant allocation as a

to FY2020-21 the development share of total budget of 25
expenditure as a share of total Ministries/Divisions has declined in
expenditure has been increasing. In the new budget.
the new budget the increasing trend is
still visible in the development
expenditure.
Operational and Development Expenditure as % of Climate Relevant Allocation as Share of Total Budget
Total Expenditure and GDP (%)
Total revised budget allocation as % of
Total revised budget allocation as % of

57
56
60 64 11.00
53
52
52
50
50
51
49
48
63
48
47
50
44
43
62
10.50
40 61
Percentage
60
budget
30 59 10.00
GDP
58
20 57
9.50
10 56
55
0 54 9.00
RBFY16 RBFY17 RBFY18 RBFY19 RBFY20 RBFY21 BFY22 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21 FY22
Development expenditure as % of total expenditure Total revised budget allocation as % of budget

Operational expenditure as % of total expenditure Total revised budget allocation as % of GDP

Climate Change
❑ Notable Steps to Tackle Climate Change and Protect the Environment

➢ To determine the air quality index, 16 round-the-clock air monitoring centers
are being set up in Dhaka and other cities of the country.
➢ To reduce noise pollution, the Bangladesh Secretariat area has been declared as
horn-free zone.
➢ The project - "My Village-My Town" has already been approved, and 15 villages
have been selected as pilots. This project will ensure a road system free from
the negative effects of climate change.
➢ A total of 37,254 climate refugee families have so far been rehabilitated across
the country under the Guchchhgram-II project. In FY 2021-2022, a target of
rehabilitating another 1,000 landless poor families has been set.
➢ As part of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC) obligation to create and update national greenhouse gas inventories to
address the adverse effects of climate change, implementation of the project titled
‘Bangladesh: First Biennial Update Report to the UNFCCC’ is underway.

Climate Change
❑ Notable Steps to Tackle Climate Change and Protect the Environment

➢ The approval process for the ‘Adaptation Initiative for Climate Vulnerable
Offshore Small Islands and Riverine Char Lands in Bangladesh’ project to take
adaptive action on small islands and offshore islands along climate vulnerable
areas is in progress.
➢ The government is going to implement the 'Developing Bangladesh National
Red List of Plants and Developing Invasive Plant Species Management Strategy
for Selected Areas' project, to create a Red List Index of 1,000 plant species in
the country and prepare a management strategy for controlling alien invasive
plant species in 5 selected areas.
➢ To expand the country's Green Economy, a fund of million US$ refinancing
scheme called Green Transformation Fund (GTF) has been set up to
ensure sustainable development of export-oriented textile and leather
industries. Recently, an amount of 200 million Euro has been allocated to the
fund.

Climate Change
Notable Climate Relevant Funds, Plans and Projects

Bangladesh Delta A long-term holistic plan for mitigating climate change that annually requires 2.5%
Plan (BDP) 2100 of total income by 2030. Bangladesh will be able to maintain an average growth
rate of 9% until 2041. BDP2100 projected, the combined effects of moderate
climate change could cause an average loss of about 1.3% in the growth of GDP per
year until FY2041.
Bangladesh To finance BCCTF, the government allocated 3,652 crore Taka so far. Up to
Climate Change FY2020-21, BCCTF received a total allocation of Tk. 3,752 crore and till May 2021,
Trust Fund a total of 789 projects under BCCTF have been approved.
(BCCTF)
Green Climate GCF has till now granted USD 94.7 million for 4 climate change related projects.
Fund (GCF) As of 3rd February 2020, an amount of US$ 10.3 billion was initially pledged to
the GCF as climate finance; and some US$ 8.2 billion was confirmed.
Nationally Bangladesh government decided to reduce greenhouse gas emission by 5% from

Determined business-as-usual levels by 2030. To implement the NDC adaptation activities, a
Contribution total of TK. 3,52,800 crore is required during 2015-2030 which implies that TK.
(NDC) 23,520 crore is required annually. Similarly, to implement the NDC mitigation
activities, a total of TK. 2,26,800 crore is required during 2011-2030 which implies
that TK. 11,340 crore is required annually.
The world community is working towards Green Recovery from the pandemic. How
Bangladesh will implement Green Recovery is not clear.

Defence Services

Defence Services
Defence Allocation and Expenditure in Recent Years

❑ The budgetary allocation for (In crore Tk.)
Defence Services in FY22 is
FY19 FY20 FY21 FY22
Tk. 37,281 crore, which is (A) (A) (RB) (B)
11.3% higher RBFY21 Ministry of Defence-Defence Services
➢ Overall, share of defence Non- 28,467 33,058 30,558 33,616
Development
services in the budget Development 38 62 1,490 1,832
(6.2%) has not changed Total 28,505 33,120 32,048 35,448
for FY22 Ministry of Defence-Other Services
➢ The share of non- Non- 1,450 1,323 1,413 1,789
Development
development component Total 1,450 1,323 1,413 1,789
in the overall defence Armed Forces Division
budget has always been Non- 34 37 39 44
more than 95% Development
Total 34 37 39 44
➢ The share of the Total-Defence Services
development component Total-Defence 29,989 34,480 33,500 37,281
is 4.9% in FY22 which Services
% of Total 7.7 8.2 6.2 6.2
same in BFY21
Budget
Allocation

Public Order and Safety

Public Order and Safety
❑ The allocation for Public Order and Safety for

FY22 is Tk. 29,124 crore(8.08% higher than 7.9 8.9 10.3 14.2 8.4 12.0 11.1
RBFY21) 92.1 91.1 89.7 91.6 88.0 88.9

85.8
➢ Overall, share of this sector in total budget has
been declining (from 6.2% in FY17 to 4.8% in
FY22)
➢ The share of operating expenditure within the Operating Development
budget for the sector has always been higher –

both in terms of allocation and actual Allocation for FY22(Crore Tk.)
expenditure Legislative and Parliament

37
Affairs Division
❑ Following the usual trend, Ministry of Home
Anti Corruption
159
Affairs (MoHA) has taken the lion’s share of the Commission
total allocation for the sector in FY22 Ministry of Home Affairs 26890
➢ From 91.5% in FY17 to 92.3% in FY22
Supreme Court 225
➢ Budget of MoHA is largely dominated by
operating expenditure Law and Justice Division 1813
0 10000 20000 30000

VIII. CONCLUDING
REMARKS

➢ The budget document refers to management of the COVID situation

throughout which was not the case during the first COVID budget
(FY21). However, the document does not have much to offer in terms
of concrete measures and innovative policies to combat COVID-
induced challenges
➢ In the budget speech it is mentioned that health, agriculture and
employment generation have been given priority while allocating
resources for ADP. However, actual allocation does not reflect this as
these promises have not been supported by adequate resources.
➢ The budget does not seem to recognise the implementation challenges
and hence does not spell out ways to overcome those challenges. Nothing
has been mentioned regarding capacity development, stronger
monitoring and evaluation, results based framework etc. towards better
implementation of budgetary proposals

➢ The macroeconomic framework of the budget is far from reality. It takes the
revised budget targets, which are unlikely to be achieved, as reference
points and assumes that most of the macroeconomic correlates would
perform better than the targets set in 8FYP
➢ Though there is a section on reforms in the budget document, it only refers
to what have been done so far. It does not spell out what concrete reforms
would be undertaken to improve the efficiency in the economy. The
unfinished reform agenda in many areas such as tax, customs duty,
banking sector, health sector and social sector has constrained the
achievement of budgetary targets and its ability to cope with adverse
impacts of the pandemic
➢ Given the magnitude of negative impact on various sectors due to COVID-
19, CPD had emphasised on the need for medium term strategy for
economic recovery. The budget for FY22 has no indication on this. This
puts under risk the fulfillment of the promise made in the 50th budget to
move towards a resilient future by giving priority to lives and livelihoods
Stay Well, Stay Safe
CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22

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বাাংলাদেদের উন্নয়দের স্বাধীে পর্যাদলাচো

Dhaka: 4 June 2021

Lead contributions were provided by Dr Fahmida Khatun, Executive Director; Professor

Dialogue & Communication Team Administration Team

Concerned officials belonging to a number of institutions have extended valuable support to

CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 3

CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 4

CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 5

CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 6

❑ Deficit in revenue mobilisation, weaknesses in government expenditure,

CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 7

❑ The presentation on CPD’s budget analysis has been structured as

CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 8

CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 9

The trends of macroeconomic correlates in the ongoing FY21 reveal a number of

Pace of public expenditure Growth in revenue mobilisation

Growth in industrial production Growth in industrial production

Rising food inflation Declining non-food inflation

Disquieting trends in overseas Positive developments in export

Subdued private sector

GDP and Investment

❑ Public investment-GDP ratio in FY22 has been assumed to be 8.1%

CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 12

Monetary sector and Inflation

❑ Growth of credit to private sector has been set at 15.0% in FY22 –

❑ Inflation is assumed to be stable at 5.3% in FY22

CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 13

CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 15

CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 16

The macroeconomic framework and 8FYP

❑ It appears that the budgetary framework anticipates most of the

❑ The macroeconomic framework is largely flawed and far from reality!

CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 17

CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 18

Broad fiscal framework for FY22

CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 19

Revenue mobilisation Share of revenue FY22

❑ Budget FY22 targets a 10.7% growth over RBFY21

❑ To be primarily delivered by VAT (33.4% of total

CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 20

Total Public Expenditure

CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 21

Sectors with higher share in BFY22 ❑ Within Public Services Sector,

CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 22

CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 23

Budget Deficit and Financing

Implementation status of stimulus packages

CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 25

CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 26

CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 27

CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 28

❑ The top 5 sectors have received 76.3% of total ADP allocation

CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 29

CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 30

Share of allocation in FY21 Share of allocation in FY22

❑ A total of 441 projects are scheduled to be concluded in FY22, according to

CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 32

❑ It is observed that the share of projects with symbolic allocation

CPD (2021): An Analysis of the National Budget for FY2021-22 33

❑ Time-overrun projects continue!