PH40.

PRACTICE
PH42. PRACTICE TEST
TEST 42 40
I. LEXICO – GRAMMAR
Part 1: Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.
1. It was only when he had been unemployed for six months that Neil’s situation hit……..
A. base B. down C. home D. back
2. We were all on a ………………-edge until the very end of the Hitchcock film.
A. razor B. cliff C. knife D. chair
3. Always having had ……………..feet, Delia is off again, backpacking round India.
A. itchy B. scratchy C. sore D. light
4. Were you on the …………… when you said you had resigned from work?
A. wagon B. level C. flat D. town
5. I left the house in a hurry and my bedroom was…………….with clothes.
A. scattered B. dispersed C. strewn D. sprinkled
6. Employees of the company are forbidden to………information about the secret formula.
A. betray B. divulge C. portray D. unveil
7. Young children are often …………….. to illnesses such as measles.
A. liable B. apt C. sensitive D. susceptible
8. “ All the money collected will be in………….of Cancer Relief.
A. aid B. help C. cause D. hope
9. …………………..do his views reflect those of the company as a whole?
A. To what extent B. In what condition
C. Under what circumstances D. To what end
10. “There is no further treatment we can give,” said Jekyll. “ We must let the disease take its …………….”
A. course B. end C. term D. way
11. The President decided to release a number of political prisoners as a(n)…………….. of goodwill.
A. gesture B. indication C. pledge D. symbol
12. “Relax,” said Harry. “We’re ………………….the worst.”
A. over B. against C. done with D. finished off
13. He broke his arm in two places and it was a long time before the bones would……………
A. cure B. seal C. knit D. join
14. The helicopter ………………………..over the ship and lowered a doctor onto the deck.
A. flew B. stationed C. hovered D. stayed
15. The cut on his face needed twelve ………………..
A. threads B. links C. stitches D. joins
16. This book will be a delight to……………….readers of science fiction.
A. amateur B. skilled C. seasoned D. loving
17. The two sides are entrenched and any meeting between them is unlikely to ………………a result.
A. submit B. force C. yield D. concede
18. After years of working together, the partners found themselves……..linked.
A. permanently B. indelibly C. perpetually D. inextricably
19. Christopher is prepared to ………………..his professional reputation on the idea that this stone circle
originally had an astronomical purpose.
A. risk B. bet C. gamble D. stake
20. He works hard, but …………………. of his health
A. at the expense B. at the limit C. at a cost D. at a loss
Part 2: The passage below contains 10 mistakes. Identify the errors and write the corrections.
Line

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 1 Human and primates, the family of apes, gorillas, and
2 divide into chimpanzees, among others, divide many common traits. While
3 deemed as primates are deemed the most intelligent of animals, most
4 believed that researchers believed they lack the capacity to produce language.
5 However, a research project in the 1970s at University of Georgia
6 ability showed promise that chimpanzees have the abilit to learn a certain
7 like language, just as human children do. The project used several
8 chimpanzees as test subjects in which Lana , a female chimp was the
9 are lack of study focus .Though the primates lack the vocal construct ions to
10 make human speech patterns, the researchers created a language
11 (-) b bcalled Yerkish, using lexigram made up of symbols that represent
12 sounds and words. 125 symbols were placed on a keyboard, which
13 Lana was taught how to use the board to communicate with the
14 researchers. She successfully expressed her thoughts by pressing
15 (-) different keys in succession. In some cases, she used up to seven at
16 times.
Part 3: Complete the following sentences with the correct prepositions or particles.
1. You will have to answer ………… for your behaviour one day.
2. His parents really laid …………….. into him for wasting so much money.
3. He laughed ………………… off suggestions that he was going to resign.
4. We had to resign ourselves ………… to making a loss on the sale.
for
5. His teachers are full of praise ………….. the progress he's making
6. The damage to the building is put ………………. at over $1 million.
7. That's a philosophy I could live …………………. for
away
8. Steve threw……………………his chances of passing by spending too much time on the first question.
9. We were extremely gratified …………….. at the number of people who supported us.
10. She has a deep aversion ………….. getting up in the morning.
to
Part 4: Write the correct form of each bracketed word in the following passage.
THE WORLD TODAY
One way to stay abreast of and have intelligent opinion on global issues is by reading The World Today. By
doing this you will receive a regular and ……………… biased (1. BIAS) briefing on the people and events that
shape our world. Each week, this publication ………………. (2. TANGLE) the important issues through
concise, informative and challenging articles. The most complex subjects are presented
with…………………………
clearness (3. CLEAR), so you will acquire an …………………..in-dept (4. DEEP) and
focused knowledge of countries, industries and topics of worldwide concern. The World Today is
surpassed (5. SURPASS) for the quality of its reporting. Regular feature articles examine a range
………………..
of……………………
centennial (6. CONTEND) issues, from international trade wars to the exploitation of
…………………….. refugees (7. REFUGE).
In short, The World Today makes the world a little more comprehensible. A ……………………… subscription (8.
SUBSCRIBE) to The World Today is a sound business decision. Take advantage of our exclusive
introductory offer: you can save 55% off the usual price if you return your order within the next 21 days. The
price includes free …………….…delivery (9. DELIVER) and immediate access to our online library. Now is
questionably
……………………… (10. QUESTION) the right time to join many of the world’s business and national
leaders who read The World Today.
II. READING COMPREHENSION
Part 1: Choose the words that best complete the sentences in the text.

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 If a picture is (1)…………….. a thousand words, the seventy-three scenes of the Bayeux Tapestry
speak volumes. The tapestry narrates, in pictorial (2)………………, William, Duke of Normandy's invasion
and conquest of England in AD 1066, when he (3) …………….. the Saxon forces of King Harold at Hastings.
Historians believe that the work was (4)…………….. in England, probably around AD 1092, and that it
was commissioned by Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, William's half brother, who (5)……………… his fame by
figuring (6)……………….. in the tapestry's later (7)…………….. . Legends connecting it with William's
wife Matilda have been (8)……………………..
The Bayeux tapestry is not, (9) ……………. speaking, a tapestry, in which design are woven into the
fabric, but rather a crewel form of embroidery, the pictures being made by stitching wollen threads into a
background of plain linen. The threads, in (10)…………… of red, yellow, blue and green, must
(11)……………… have been jewel bright, but have (12)……………….. light brown with age. Moreover,
one (13)………….. of the now 20 inch (50 cm) broad and 231 feet (70 cm) long cloth is missing.
You can find the Bayeux Tapestry in the William the Conqueror Centre, Bayeux, Normandy, France. An
enduring (14)…………….. of the times, it is as valuable a (15)………… of evidence for the Norman
Conquest as photographs or film are today.
1. A. valued B. worth C. merited D. deserving
2. A. fashion B. type C. design D. form
3. A. defeated B. won C. defended D. invaded
4. A. originated B. invented C. created D. manufactured
5. A. insured B. made sure C. ensured D. assured
6. A. prominently B. strongly C. powerfully D. sufficiently
7. A. views B. scenes C. frames D. pictures
8. A. disowned B. dispersed C. disgraced D. discounted
9. A. normally B. strictly C. truly D. sincerely
10. A. colors B. shadows C. shades D. earlier
11. A. once B. then C. before D. deserving
12. A. changed B. turned C. transformed D. developed
13. A. end B. side C. tip D. part
14. A. witness B. confirmation C. testimony D. proof
15. A. segment B. part C. piece D. portion
Part 2: Read the following text. Fill each blank with ONE suitable word. Write your answers in the
numbered blanks provided below the passage.
LIFE IN THE FAST LANE
In our modern, competitive world, employers are beginning to expect almost complete
…………………. (1) from their employees. But what is it that is leading a growing army of workers to
tolerate such heavy demands all for the …………………..work (2) of earning a little money? Peer pressure is
certainly a part of it. Incessant media pressure has a lot to ……………(3)
live for too. We are bombarded by
due
images of the latest products …………….. (4) to those who are in the right earning group and the fact that
the majority of people use plastic to purchase goods these days is ……………..out (5) of the “spend now, pay
later” culture that is blighting modern society and leading so many into debt.
The prevailing trend for young people to spend hours surfing the internet and the growing popularity
of eBay has ……………
made (6) it all too easy for people to purchase expensive goods without really coming to
……………… deal (7) with how much money they are spending. Perhaps, most at fault, however are the credit
card companies and banks that permit and often blatantly encourage people to spend beyond their means.
Once people are ………………….. stuck (8) in this kind of financial trap, it is incredibly difficult for them to
extract themselves from the burden of interest that must be paid on expensive loans and overdrafts.
So how can we learn to evaluate our life in a more constructive manner? There is a need to regain
some of the basic priorities and values of the past. There needs to be a ……………………… (9) in emphasis

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from materialism to building and maintaining personal relationship, both within a ………………… (10)
circle of family and friends and with colleagues and associates. Welfare needs to become the number one
priority in a world that is becoming smaller through technology. The global village needs to adopt a village
mentality of caring by going back to the basics.
Part 3: Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each question.
Printmaking is the generic term for a number of processes, of which woodcut and engraving are two
prime examples. Prints are made by pressing a sheet of paper (or other material) against an image-bearing
surface to which ink has been applied. When the paper is removed, the image adheres to it, but in reverse.
The woodcut had been used in China from the fifth century A.D. for applying patterns to textiles. The
process was not introduced into Europe until the fourteenth century, first for textile decoration and then for
printing on paper. Woodcuts are created by a relief process; first, the artist takes a block of wood, which has
been sawed parallel to the grain, covers it with a white ground, and then draws the image in ink. The
background is carved away, leaving the design area slightly raised. The woodblock is inked, and the ink
adheres to the raised image. It is then transferred to damp paper either by hand or with a printing press.
Engraving, which grew out of the goldsmith's art, originated in Germany and northern Italy in the middle
of the fifteenth century. It is an intaglio process (from Italian intagliare, "to carve"). The image is incised
into a highly polished metal plate, usually copper, with a cutting instrument, or burin. The artist inks the
plate and wipes it clean so that some ink remains in the incised grooves. An impression is made on damp
paper in a printing press, with sufficient pressure being applied so that the paper picks up the ink.
Both woodcut and engraving have distinctive characteristics. Engraving lends itself to subtle modeling
and shading through the use of fine lines. Hatching and cross-hatching determine the degree of light and
shade in a print. Woodcuts tend to be more linear, with sharper contrasts between light and dark. Printmaking
is well suited to the production of multiple images. A set of multiples is called an edition. Both methods can
yield several hundred good-quality prints before the original block or plate begins to show signs of wear.
Mass production of prints in the sixteenth century made images available, at a lower cost, to a much broader
public than before.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The origins of textile decoration B. The characteristics of good-quality prints
C. Two types of printmaking D. Types of paper used in printmaking
2. The word "prime" in line 2 is closest in meaning to
A. principal B. complex C. general D. recent
3. The author's purposes in paragraph 2 is to describe
A. the woodcuts found in China in the fifth century B. the use of woodcuts in the textile industry
C. the process involved in creating a woodcut D. the introduction of woodcuts to Europe
4. The word "incised" in line 14 is closest in meaning to
A. burned B. cut C. framed D. baked
5. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?
A. "patterns" (line 5) B. "grain" (line 8)
C. "burin" (line 15) D. "grooves" (line 16)
6. According to the passage, all of the following are true about engraving EXCEPT that it
A. developed from the art of the goldsmiths B. requires that the paper be cut with a burin
C. originated in the fifteenth century D. involves carving into a metal plate
7. The word "yield" in line 22 is closest in meaning to
A. imitate B. produce C. revise D. contrast
8. According to the passage, what do woodcut and engraving have in common?
A. Their designs are slightly raised.
B. They achieve contrast through hatching and cross-hatching.
C. They were first used in Europe.

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D. They allow multiple copies to be produced from one original.
9. According to the author, what made it possible for members of the general public to own prints in the
sixteenth century?
A. Prints could be made at low cost.
B. The quality of paper and ink had improved.
C. Many people became involved in the printmaking industry.
D. Decreased demand for prints kept prices affordable.
10. According to the passage, all of the following are true about prints EXCEPT that they
A. can be reproduced on materials other than paper B. are created from a reversed image
C. show variations between light and dark shades D. require a printing press
Part 4: Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow.
The History of Writing
1. E
The earliest stage of writing is called pre-writing or proto-literacy, and depends on direct representation of
objects, rather than representing them with letters or other symbols. Evidence for this stage, in the form of
rock and cave paintings, dates back to about 15,000 years ago, although the exact dates are debatable. This
kind of proto-literate cave painting has been found in Europe, with the best know examples in South-
Western France, but also in Africa and on parts of the American continent. These petrographs (pictures on
rock) show typical scenes of the period, and include representations of people, animals and activities. Most
are astonishingly beautiful, with a vibrancy and immediacy that we still recognise today. They are painted
with pigments made from natural materials including crushed stones and minerals, animal products such as
blood, ashes, plant materials of all kinds, and they produce a wide range of colours and hues.
2. F
Why did ancient people put such effort into making them? Various theories have been put forward, but the
most compelling include the idea that the pictures were records of heroic deeds or important events, that they
were part of magical ceremonies, or that they were a form of primitive calendar, recording the changes in the
seasons as to why man started to write.
3. B
A related theory suggests that the need for writing arose thereafter from the transactions and bartering that
went on. In parts of what is now Iraq and Iran, small pieces of fired earth-pottery- have been found which
appear to have been used as tokens to a casino, or money, today. Eventually, when the tokens themselves
became too numerous to handle easily, representations of the tokens were inscribed on clay tablets.
4.
An early form of writing is the use of pictograms, which are pictures used to communicate. Pictograms have
been found from almost every part of the world and every era of development, and are still in use in primitive
communities nowadays. They represent objects, ideas or concepts more or less directly. They tend to be
simple in the sense that they are not a complex or full picture, although they are impressively difficult to
interpret to an outsider unfamiliar with their iconography, which tends to be localised and to differ widely
form society to society. They were never intended to be a detailed testimony which could be interpreted by
outsiders, but to serve instead as aide- memoires to the author, rather as we might keep a diary in a personal
shorthand. However, some modern pictograms are more or less universally recognised, such as the signs
which indicate men’s and women’s toilets, or road signs, which tend to be very similar throughout the world.
5. C
The first pictograms that we know of are Sumerian in origin, and date to about 8000 BC. They show how
images used to represent concrete objects could be expanded to include abstractions by adding symbols
together, or using associated symbols. One Sumerian pictogram, for example, indicates ‘death’ by combining
the symbols for ‘man’ and ‘winter’; another shows ‘power’ with the symbol for a man with the hands
enlarged.

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6. D
By about 5,000 years ago, Sumerian pictograms had spread to other areas, and the Sumerians had made a
major advance towards modern writing with the development of the rebus principle, which meant that
symbols could be used to indicate sounds. This was done by using a particular symbol not only for the thing
it originally represented, but also for any thing which was pronounced in a similar way. So the pictogram for
na (meaning ‘animal’) could also be used to mean ‘old’ (which was also pronounced na). the specific meaning
of the pictogram (whether na meant ‘old’ or ‘animal’) could only be decided through its context.
7. H
It is a short step from this to the development of syllabic writing using pictograms, and this next development
took about another half a century. Now the Sumerians would add pictograms to each other, so that each,
representing an individual sound- or syllable- formed part of a larger word. Thus pictograms representing
the syllables he, na and mi (‘mother’, ‘old’, ‘my’) could be put together to form henami or ‘grandmother’.
Question 1-5: Choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs 1-7 from the list of headings below. Write
the appropriate letters A-H in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet. There are more headings than paragraphs,
so you will not use them all. Paragraph 2 and 3 have been done for you.
Paragraph Headings
A Magic and Heroes D Sounds and Symbols G A Personal Record
B Doing Business E Images on Stone H From Visual to Sound
C Early Developments F Stories and Seasons
Paragraph 2 – F
Paragraph 3 – B
Question 6-10: Complete the following notes on Reading Passage 3 using ONE or TWO WORDS from
the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 8-12 on your answer sheet.
Notes on the Development of Writing
First stage of writing- pre- writing or proto- literacy- very old- 15,000 years. Evidence: cave and rock
…………………….(6).
paintings. Famous example-South-Western France Reasons for development of writing: primitive
ceremonies, recording events, seasons, used on pottery to represent………………….(7).
bartered objects Next stage: simple
pictograms- pictures used to represent articles and…………………….(8).
ideas Very simple drawings (but very
difficult to understand). Then- 8000 BC – combined………………(9) to create new concepts (eg. Man +
symbols
winter = death). After this- started using same pictogram for different words with
sound
same………………….(10). Very important step.
III. WRITING
Part 1: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word
given. Do not change the word given. You must use between TWO and SIX words, including the word
given.
1. Simon couldn't remember ever having met the woman. RECOLLECTION
Simon ……………………………………………………
had no recollection of meeting the woman ever having met the woman.
2. He didn't seem to consider anything to be as important as winning the medal. MATTER
matter to him as
Nothing ………………………………………………………. winning the medal.
3. The diplomat has been arrested because it is believed he had been spying for his government.
SUSPICION
on suspicion of spying
The diplomat has been arrested ……………………………….. for his government.
4. Could you have a quick look at my essay before I give it in? CAST
Could you ………………………………………………….
take a cast in my essay before I give it in?
5. Sally Smith became known throughout the country as a result of her popular TV series. HOUSEHOLD

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Sally Smith became …………………………………….as
a household name a result of her popular TV series.
Part 2: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the sentence before it.
1. You don't have to come and see the new house if you don't wish.
obligation to come and see the new house if you don't wish.
=> You are under……………………………………
2. He threatened the officers with violence.
threats to the officers with violence.
=> He made……………………………………
3. The headmaster has a very good opinion of the physics teacher.
the physics teacher in high esteem.
=> The headmaster holds………………………………………………
4. He himself admits to a fear of spiders.
admission, he is feared of spiders.
=> On his……………………………………………………………….
5. Suzanne is far superior to me in terms of technical knowledge.
comes to technical knowledge, Suzanne is far superior to me.
=> When it……………………………………………………………………
Part 3: Write a paragraph of about 250 words on the following topic:
There are many things that can motivate students to perform well in their study. These can include
the grades , job opportunities or the passion for learning. What do you feel is the best motivation to
do well at school?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your knowledge or experience.
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