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    Lab 4 - Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers

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    Moosa Jilani

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    Lab 4 - Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers

    Uploaded by

    Moosa Jilani
    22 views6 pages

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    Lab 4- Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers

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    22 views6 pages

    Lab 4 - Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers

    Uploaded by

    Moosa Jilani

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Lab

    Lab Report 4: Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

    6th SEMESTER

    Submitted to: LE Zeeshan


    Session: ME-13 Section: A

    Submitted by
    Name: Moosa Jilani
    CMS ID: 385332

    School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering


    Objective:
    The objective of this lab was:
    1. To calculate heat transfer from hot liquid, heat gained by cold liquid, heat lost, and
    logarithmic temperature difference for both parallel and counterflows.
    2. To investigate the effect of Reynolds number on the heat transfer.

    Introduction:
    Heat Exchanger: A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between a source and a
    working fluid. It is used for both heating and cooling purposes.
    Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger: It is a design of a heat exchanger used in high pressure
    applications.
    Parallel and Counterflows: Parallel flow is the one in which cold and hot liquid flow in the same
    directions. Counterflow is the one in which the hot and cold liquid flow in opposite directions.

    Procedure:
    1. Firstly, the shell and tube heat exchanger was arranged in the parallel orientation using the
    valves.
    2. Once the heat exchanger was set in the parallel orientation, the flowrates of the cold and hot
    water were noted.
    3. Following this, a time of 10 minutes was given for the temperatures at the various intervals of
    the heat exchanger to stabilize.
    4. Once the temperature had stabilized, the inlet and outlet temperatures of the hot water were
    noted. In addition, the inlet and outlet temperatures of the cold water were noted along with
    temperatures at 0.125, 0.25, and 0.375 meters.
    5. Once the temperatures had been found, the heat transfer from hot liquid was measured using
    qH= ṁH*cP*(TH,In-TH,Out), and the heat gained by the cold liquid was obtained using
    qC=ṁC*cP*(Tc,Out-TC,In). The heat lost was found by subtracting qC from qH. The logarithmic
    mean temperature temperature difference for the parallel orientation was found using ΔTMean=
    ¿ ¿.
    ρVD
    6. The Reynolds Number was obtained using the formula Re= , where ρ is the density of the
    μ
    hot and cold water, V and D are the velocity and the diameter of the tube and μ is the dynamic
    viscosity of water.
    7. Once these temperatures had been obtained, the flowrates of the hot and cold water were
    changed and the previous steps were repeated.
    8. After the experiment had been carried out for parallel orientation, the valves were opened and
    closed to create the counterflow orientation.
    9. The previous steps were carried out for the counterflow orientation. The only difference
    was the logarithmic mean temperature difference being, ΔTMean=¿ ¿.
    10. After the experiment had been carried out for the counterflow orientation, the heater
    supply and the pump are switched off before the main power is switched off.

    Result and Discussion:


    Number of tubes= 21
    Length of pipe= 500mm=0.5m
    Inner pipe diameter= 8mm=0.008m
    Area of inner pipe= 2 π rh = 2(3.142)(0.004)(0.5)= 0.012566m2
    Outer pipe diameter= 10mm=0.01m
    Area of outer pipe=2 π rh= 2(3.142)(0.005)(0.5)= 0.015707m2
    Heat Capacity of water= 4200
    Dynamic viscosity at 25C μ=0.00089Pa.s

    1. Parallel Configuration
    Serial no 1 2 3
    Hot Flowrate 1.2Lpm 1.6Lpm 1.95Lpm
    Cold Flowrate 1.3Lpm 1.3Lpm 1.3Lpm
    Hot Inlet Temp (St-1) (°C) 36 36 37
    Hot Outlet Temp (St-2) (°C) 30 32 33
    Cold Inlet Temp (St-3) (°C) 23 24 24
    Temp at x=0.125m (St-4) (°C) 27 27 28
    Temp at x=0.25m (St-5) (°C) 29 29 29
    Temp at x=0.375m (St-6) (°C) 29 29 30
    Cold Outlet Temp (St-7) (°C) 29 29 30
    qH (W) 1092 1344 1774.5
    qC (W) 546.084 455.07 546.084
    qLost (W) 545.916 888.93 1228.416
    ΔTMean 4.6784 6.4921 6.8197
    Reynolds Number 14.3065 19.075 23.248
    Efficiency 0.4615 0.3333 0.3079

    Calculations for Serial no 1:


    Hot Flowrate = 1.2Lpm= 0.00002m3/s= 0.02kg/s
    Cold Flowrate = 1.3Lpm= 0.00002167m3/s= 0.02167kg/s

    Qc=ṁc*Cc*(Tc,Out-TC,In)=0.02167*4200*(29-23)=546.084W
    QH=ṁH*cP*(TH,In-TH,Out)= 0.02*4200*(36-30)= 504W
    Qmax=ṁmin*C*(TH,In-TC,In)= 0.02*4200*(36-23)=1092W
    QLost=1092-546.084=545.916W

    ( 36−23 )−(30−29)
    ΔTMean=¿ ¿= 36−23 =4.6784
    ln ⁡( )
    30−2 9

    Q=Av, v=Q/A= 0.00002/0.012566= 0.0015916m/s


    ρVD 1000∗0.0015916∗0.008
    Reynolds Number, Re= = =14.3065
    μ 0.00089
    504
    Efficiency= =¿0.4615
    1092
    Figure 1: Temperature (y axis) vs Distance (x axis)

    Figure 2:Qh(y axis) vs Re(x axis)

    2. Counterflow Configuration
    Serial no 1 2 3
    Hot Flowrate 1.95Lpm 1.6Lpm 1.2Lpm
    Cold Flowrate 1.3Lpm 1.3Lpm 1.3Lpm
    Hot Inlet Temp (St-1) (°C) 33 35 36
    Hot Outlet Temp (St-2) (°C) 28 29 30
    Cold Inlet Temp (St-3) (°C) 21 21 22
    Temp at x=0.125m (St-4) (°C) 26 28 28
    Temp at x=0.25m (St-5) (°C) 25 26 26
    Temp at x=0.375m (St-6) (°C) 24 25 25
    Cold Outlet Temp (St-7) (°C) 26 28 29
    qH (W) 1638 1568 1176
    qC (W) 455.07 637.098 637.098
    qLost (W) 1182.94 930.902 538.902
    ΔTMean 3.9912 3.0833 3.0833
    Reynolds Number 23.248 19.075 14.3065
    Efficiency 0.4167 0.4286 0.4286

    Calculations for Serial no 3:


    Hot Flowrate = 1.2Lpm= 0.00002m3/s= 0.02kg/s
    Cold Flowrate = 1.3Lpm= 0.00002167m3/s= 0.02167kg/s

    Qc=ṁc*Cc*(Tc,Out-TC,In)=0.02167*4200*(29-22)=637.098W
    QH=ṁH*cP*(TH,In-TH,Out)= 0.02*4200*(36-30)= 504W
    Qmax=ṁmin*C*(TH,In-TC,In)= 0.02*4200*(36-23)=1176W
    QLost=1176-637.098=538.902W

    ΔTMean=¿ ¿=3.0833

    Q=Av, v=Q/A= 0.00002/0.012566= 0.0015916m/s


    ρVD 1000∗0.0015916∗0.008
    Reynolds Number, Re= = =14.3065
    μ 0.00089
    504
    Efficiency = = 0.4286
    1176

    Figure 3: Temperature ( y axis) vs Distance (m)


    Figure 4: Qh(y axis) vs Re ( x axis)

    In this experiment, we made use of the shell and tube heat exchanger to observe the heat transfer
    between the hot and cold liquid, and see the effect of Reynolds number on the heat transfer. It
    was seen that the counterflow configuration of the shell and tube heat exchanger had a higher
    efficiency in transferring heat from the hot liquid to the cold liquid. Furthermore, it was seen that
    at higher Reynolds number the maximum heat transfer increases, suggesting a positive relation
    between the heat transfer and Reynolds Number.

    Conclusion:
    In this lab, we made successful use of the shell and tube heat exchanger, and used it to observe
    heat transfer between the hot and cold liquids.

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