Assignment 1 PP

Assignment No: 1
Name: Raheel Ijaz
Roll no: 10436
Class: BS IT
Semester: 8th
Subject: Professional practices
Submitter to: Sir Husnain
GC University Faisalabad
Page 1 of 8
1.Three-step strategy for approaching cyber-ethics issues are:
Understanding:
Begin by thoroughly understanding the ethical issue at hand. This includes
understanding the technology involved, its implications, and the stakeholders
affected. It's important to consider how actions in the cyber realm can impact
individuals, organizations, and society as a whole.
Analysis:
Once the issue is understood, it's important to analyze it from an ethical
standpoint. This involves considering different ethical frameworks, such as
utilitarianism, deontology, virtue ethics, etc., to evaluate the potential
consequences and moral implications of various courses of action. Analyze how
the actions align or conflict with ethical principles and societal norms.
Decision-Making:
After understanding and analyzing the issue, make an informed decision about
how to address it. This decision should be guided by ethical principles, legal
considerations, and the potential impact on stakeholders. It's important to
choose a course of action that minimizes harm, respects individual rights, and
upholds ethical standards.
2. Characteristics of a fully developed profession are:

Specialized Knowledge:
Professionals possess specialized knowledge and skills that are acquired
through rigorous education, training, and experience.
Ethical Standards:
They adhere to a code of ethics that governs their conduct and ensures they act
in the best interests of their clients, patients, or the public.
Autonomy:
Professionals have a degree of autonomy in their decision-making and practice,
allowing them to exercise judgment based on their expertise and experience.
Service Orientation:
Primary focus is on serving the needs of others, whether it's clients, patients,
customers, or society as a whole.
Credentialing and Certification:
There are established credentialing and certification processes that validate the
qualifications of professionals and ensure they meet certain standards of
competence.
Regulation:
Professions are often regulated by government bodies or professional
associations to ensure practitioners meet certain standards of practice and
conduct.
Continuing Education:
Professionals engage in ongoing learning and development to stay current with
advances in their field and maintain their competence.
Commitment to Excellence:
They are committed to excellence in their work and continuously strive to
improve their skills and knowledge.
Community of Practice:
Professionals often belong to a community of practice where they can share
knowledge, experiences, and best practices with colleagues in their field.
Public Trust:
A fully developed profession enjoys public trust and confidence in the integrity,
competence, and ethical behavior of its members.
3. Act Utilitarianism
It holds that the morally right action is the one that produces the greatest overall
happiness or utility for the greatest number of people.
Rule Utilitarianism
Rule Utilitarianism, emphasizes the importance of following rules or principles
that, if consistently adhered to, would lead to the greatest overall happiness or
utility.
Similarities:
Focus on Consequences:
Both Act and Rule Utilitarianism prioritize the consequences of actions as the
basis for determining their morality. The goal is to maximize overall happiness
or utility.
Utilitarian Principle:
Both theories are grounded in the principle of utility, which holds that actions
are morally right if they produce the greatest good for the greatest number of
people.
Promotion of Happiness:
Both Act and Rule Utilitarianism seek to promote happiness and minimize
suffering as the ultimate goals of morality.
Differences:
Evaluation of Actions:
Act Utilitarianism evaluates individual actions based on their specific
consequences, while Rule Utilitarianism evaluates actions based on the
consequences of following general rules or principles.
Role of Rules:
Act Utilitarianism does not rely on fixed rules or principles, while Rule
Utilitarianism emphasizes the importance of following rules that have been
determined to maximize overall happiness.
Complexity:
Rule Utilitarianism introduces a layer of complexity by considering the
consequences of adopting and following certain rules, whereas Act
Utilitarianism focuses solely on the immediate consequences of individual
actions.
4. Internet addiction refers to a compulsive and excessive use of the internet,

leading to negative consequences in various aspects of life such as
relationships, work, school, and mental health. It's characterized by symptoms
such as preoccupation with the internet, loss of control over its use, withdrawal
symptoms when not online, and continued use despite negative consequences.
Several factors contribute to the development of internet addiction:
1. Access and Availability:
The widespread availability and accessibility of the internet, including
smartphones, tablets, and computers, make it easy for people to engage in
online activities for long periods.
2. Rewarding Experiences:
Many online activities, such as social media, gaming, and gambling,
provide immediate rewards and gratification. The positive reinforcement
from these activities can lead to compulsive behaviors.
3. Escape and Coping:
The internet can serve as a means of escape from real-life stressors,
problems, or negative emotions. People may turn to online activities as a
coping mechanism to distract themselves or alleviate emotional distress.
4. Social Interaction:
Social networking sites, online gaming, and virtual communities offer
opportunities for social interaction and connection. For individuals
lacking social support or facing social isolation, the internet can become
a primary source of socialization.
5. Psychological Factors:
Underlying psychological issues such as depression, anxiety, loneliness,
or low self-esteem may contribute to the development of internet
addiction as individuals seek comfort or validation online.
6. Personality Traits:
Certain personality traits such as impulsivity, sensation-seeking, and low
self-control may predispose individuals to develop addictive behaviors,
including internet addiction.
7. Peer Influence:
Social norms and peer pressure can influence internet use, especially
among adolescents and young adults who may feel compelled to stay
connected or engage in certain online activities to fit in with their peers.
8. Gaming and Gambling:
Online gaming and gambling platforms, particularly those with elements
of competition, rewards, and chance, can lead to addictive behaviors
similar to substance addiction.
9. Technology Design:
Features of technology and online platforms, such as notifications,
gamification, and personalized content, are designed to increase
engagement and can contribute to addictive patterns by encouraging
users to spend more time online.
10.Stress and Burnout:
High levels of stress, burnout, or dissatisfaction with real-life situations,
such as work or relationships, may drive individuals to seek refuge in
online activities, leading to excessive internet use.
5. Eight principles to identify morally responsible relationships:

Respect:
Treat others with dignity, value their autonomy, and respect their rights, beliefs,
and boundaries.
Honesty:
Communicate truthfully and transparently with each other, avoiding deception,
lies, and manipulation.
Trust:
Build and maintain trust by being reliable, dependable, and consistent in your
actions and words.
Fairness:
Ensure fairness and equity in the relationship, considering the needs, interests,
and perspectives of all parties involved.
Empathy:
Show empathy and compassion towards others, understanding their emotions,
experiences, and viewpoints.
Accountability:
Take responsibility for your actions, apologize for mistakes, and make amends
when necessary.
Mutual Consent:
Ensure that all interactions and activities within the relationship are based on
mutual consent, without coercion or exploitation.
Support:
Provide support, encouragement, and assistance to each other in times of need,
fostering a nurturing and caring environment.

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Assignment No: 1

Name: Raheel Ijaz

Roll no: 10436

Subject: Professional practices

Submitter to: Sir Husnain

2. Characteristics of a fully developed profession are:

4. Internet addiction refers to a compulsive and excessive use of the internet,

5. Eight principles to identify morally responsible relationships:

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