Theories of Child Development PDF

PRACTICAL WORK Nº 1
RESEARCH IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT:

THEORIES, DESIGNS AND METHODS
PRACTICAL WORK Nº 1: FIRST MEETING
THEORIES OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT
EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY is the discipline that deals
with studying the psychological changes that, in a certain
relationship with age, occur in people throughout their
development, from their
EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY
Normative Nature idiosyncratic phenomena
Regulatory changes or Age
quasinormative ≠ The changes are
linked to age.
Normative : processes applicable to large

groups of human beings (being cared for in With the period of life in which
early childhood) Idiosyncratic : what is typical that person is. Close
of certain individuals. (a delay in language dependence on the stages of
acquisition) life.
Concepts
As a result
of the
Quantitative increase
Maturation Developmen of the
Experience with
half
t Living matter
verifiable with
Acquisition not
Series of hereditary
Internal evolution of measurements
organism transformations (height, weight, size)
what happens
from Learning
Birth to Change in
Death behavior
Growth of the person
Theoretical Models in the study of Development
Psychological
• Model Mechanist : Cares about the external aspects of the
individual, from which come the sources that they model
the
behavior through conditioning processes. Environmental factors have a
considerable impact, subject seen passively. (Watson, Skinner)
• Organicist Model : The individual as a living organic system

Theories attempt to explain all human behaviors and personality
characteristics based on the complexity and neuronal development or
genetic potential of the subject (Freud, Piaget)
• Dialectical Contextual Model : Development extends to the

entire life cycle (childhood-adolescence-adulthood-old age). Development is
seen as multidirectional and multidimensional. Variables of a historical and
cultural nature are weighted. (Erikson) LIFE CYCLE
Stages of Child Study
Sporadic Observations
v
The first observations LOCKE vs ROUSSEAU
that were carried out were carried out by philosophers and educators.
1787-1882 First Systematic Observations

Observations begin to be recorded
Tiedeman; “Observations on the development of mental life
Feidmann: “Data on the beginning of walking in children”
Darwin: “The Origin of Species”
Taine: “On language acquisition”
Child Psychology as an Independent Discipline
Preyer: “The soul of the child” First study of great scientific value.
Stanley Hall: “The contents of children's minds” Use of questionnaires
carried out on numerous subjects.
v
1895- 1918 EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY
Baldwin begins studies in evolutionary psychology. It addresses the

study of the child in himself and it is about discovering the laws of
development.
Freud's works are published
Intelligence Tests (Gesell)
Emergence of Gestalt/Behaviorism
Accumulation of Data and Theories
Emergence of great theoretical works in psychology:
V Piaget
{ Vygotsky
V Wallon
Piaget, LANGUAGE AND THOUGHT IN THE CHILD. THE BIRTH OF THE CHILD'S INTELLIGENCE
V Vygotsky , THOUGHT AND LANGUAGE
• Wallon, THE TURBULENT BOY
Convergence between Evolutionary Psychology and

Experimental (1950).
CONTEMPORARY EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY
Emergence of Cognitive Psychology and convergence with the
approach
Piagetino.
Development of experimentation with babies.
Studies on Attachment. (Bowlby)
Bronfenbrenner ecological model.
The development of information processing capacity

Theories of child development
BEHAVIORAL THEORY
VYGOSTKY'S
THEORY
Psychoanalytic theory
• Importance of childhood for the formation of the psychic apparatus and

- S. Freud
personality.
Psychosexual development:
- Stadium oral
- Stadium anal
- Stadium phallic
- Stadium latency
- Stadium genital
Behaviorist theory
• Watson; Skiner
• It studies what the subject does, what is observable, its
behavior.
• Classical conditioning; operant conditioning.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=XAoVZ7bzJ38
Gesell:
• Interested in the detailed analysis of growth and
maturation processes.
• Was able to determine normative development
processes.
Gestalt psychology
• Wertheimer; Köhler; Koffka.
• To understand children's behavior, it should not be fragmented or devoid
of context. Behavior is a totality.
• Based on the laws of perceptual organization: proximity, similarity,
closure, continuity.
DEPENDING ON WHERE YOU SEE THINGS.

THE PERCEPTION OF THE REALITY MAY BE VERY CLEAR.
BTR
/FOUR/
ES!
Facebook.com/Teknoweb
Piaget's theory
Genetic psychology.
Explains the development process from the formation of knowledge.
Proposes stages of development:

- StadiumSensorimotor
- StadiumPreoperative
- Stadiumof Specific Operations
- Stages of Operations Formal
Vygostsky
• Sociogenetic or cultural historical analysis.

• The development of the individual occurs linked to the society in
which he lives. Zone of proximal development.
Theory of psychosocial development
Erikson
Its description covers the entire human LIFE CYCLE
As a psychoanalyst, he weights cultural and social factors over organic
ones.
Each of the stages of life is characterized by the tension between two
poles.
Ecological Perspective
• Bonfenbrener.
• The context is a succession of spheres of influence that exert a
combined action on development: Microsystem, Mesosystem,
Exosystem, Macrosystem.
Cognitive Theory
It deals with seeing how human beings process the information they
receive from the environment, it deals with internal processes.
Relate the subject to a computer.
Memory, perception, language, reasoning, problem solving.
NEXT MEETINGS: DESIGNS AND
METHODS IN CHILDREN'S RESEARCH
• Read: Faas, Ana (2009) “Research in

child development” Chair Notebook.
• 2/5: Group Evaluative Practical Work.

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PRACTICAL WORK Nº 1

RESEARCH IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT:

Normative : processes applicable to large

• Organicist Model : The individual as a living organic system

• Dialectical Contextual Model : Development extends to the

1787-1882 First Systematic Observations

Baldwin begins studies in evolutionary psychology. It addresses the

Emergence of great theoretical works in psychology:

Convergence between Evolutionary Psychology and

Studies on Attachment. (Bowlby)

Bronfenbrenner ecological model.

The development of information processing capacity

• Importance of childhood for the formation of the psychic apparatus and

DEPENDING ON WHERE YOU SEE THINGS.

Proposes stages of development:

• Sociogenetic or cultural historical analysis.

• Read: Faas, Ana (2009) “Research in

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