Mathematics 8

Quarter 1
Self Learning Module 1
FACTORING POLYNOMIALS
• FACTORING TERMS WITH GREATEST
• MONOMIAL FACTOR
• DIFFERENCE OF TWO SQUARES
• SUM OR DIFFERENCE OF TWO CUBES
Mathematics – Grade 8
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Title: FACTORING POLYNOMIALS
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that no copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use
these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors
do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Jaigie B. Lardizabal and Mary Anne T. Domalanta
Editor: Revie G. Santos
Reviewers: Revie G. Santos; Cherry O. Nabos; Ma. Cynthia Badana
Illustrator: Name
Layout Artist: Name
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Aurelio G. Alfonso EdD
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
Mathematics 8
Quarter 1
Self Learning Module 1
Factoring Polynomials
• FACTORING TERMS WITH GREATEST COMMON
MONOMIAL FACTOR
• DIFFERENCE OF TWO SQUARES
• SUM OR DIFFERENCE OF TWO CUBES
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics 8 Self-Learning Module on Factoring

Polynomials!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics 8 Self-Learning Module on Factoring

Polynomials!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectation - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module

Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you
understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.

Valuing-this part will check the integration of values in the learning

competency.

Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module. Ito po ang parts ng module
 EXPECTATION

1. Factor polynomials with common monomial, difference of two squares, sum

or difference of two cubes (M8AL-1a-1.0)

PRETEST

Write F if its FACT and B for bluff.

1. Factoring is the reverse process of Multiplication and to write an equivalent

expression into product of two or more expressions.
2. The greatest common factor in the expression 6ab2 + 3a2b -12ab is 3ab
3. Given the polynomial 4x2 – 9y2, the factor are (2x-3y)(2x-3y).
4. If the polynomial a3 + 1 can be written in factored form, the factors are
(a + 1)(a2 - a + 1).
5. The polynomial (27a6 + 3) can be factored by sum or difference of two cubes.

RECAP

TERMINOLOGIES:
Prime Polynomials – are polynomials with factors one and itself.
NOT FACTORABLE – when polynomials are prime.
BINOMIAL – an algebraic expression with 2 terms
TRINOMIAL – algebraic expression with 3 terms

Example of Prime polynomials– x + y , 3x + 2, x + y+ z, y – 2, 4x + 5y and x2 + x + 3

✓ What are the perfect square numbers?

Answer: When you multiply the number/variable by itself.
✓ How can we identify perfect square numbers?
Answer: The factors are same number/variable.
✓ Give examples of perfect square numbers
 Answer: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144, 169, 196, 225, a2, b4
Any variable that the exponents are divisible by 2.
✓ What are the cubed numbers?
Answer: When you multiply the number/variable thrice.
✓ How can we identify perfect cubed numbers?
Answer: The factors are three same number/variable.
✓ Give examples of cubed numbers.
Answer: 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343, 512, 729, 1000, a3, b9
Any variable that the exponents are divisible by 3.

LESSON

Preliminary Activities

Factoring

✓ the reverse process of multiplication.

✓ to write an equivalent expression that is a product of two or more expression.

Factoring terms with common monomial.

CONDITIONS: Check if there is a greatest common factor on each term.
The polynomial should definitely not a prime.
I. Factor the following completely:

1.) Given 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 which is a binomial

Step 1: Find the greatest common monomial factor

2x2 = (2)(1) (x)(x)
4x = (2)(2) (x)
GCF = 2x
 Step 2: Divide the given polynomial by CMF. Get the quotient.
4
2𝑥 2 +4x
=x+2
2𝑥

Step 3: Factored form: 2x (x + 2)

2.) 20𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 4

Step 1: Find Greatest common monomial factor

20x3 = (5)(4) (x)(x)(x)
-5x2 = (5)(-1)(x)(x)
15x4 = (5)(3) (x)(x)(x)(x)
GCF = 5x2
Step 2: Divide the given polynomial by CMF. Get the quotient.
4
20𝑥 3 −5𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 4
= 4x – 1 + 3x2
5𝑥 2

Step 3: Factored form: 5x2 (4x -1 + 3x2)

3.) 14𝑥 + 5𝑦 No Common Factor on each term. So, its prime.

4.) 3𝑎 − 51𝑏
Step 1: Find Greatest common monomial factor
3a = (3)(1) (a)
15b = (3)(5) (b)
GCF = 3
Step 2: Divide the given polynomial by GCF. Get the quotient.
4
3𝑎+15b
=a+5
3

Step 3: Factored form: 3 (a + 5)

Factoring by Grouping

GROUPING the terms means factoring out the common monomial/binomial

in each group of the given polynomials.
Given (2x)(5x2 + 4) + (3y) (5x2 + 4), the common binomial is (5x2 + 4).

Therefore, the factored form is (5x2 + 4) (2x+ 3y).

II. Factor the polynomials completely.

1.) 3km - 3k + 7gm - 7g

STEP 1: Group the given polynomials into two by using parentheses ( ):

( 3km - 3k) + (7gm - 7g )

 STEP 2: Find the GCF of the first group and the other group:
3k is the GCF for first group and 7g for the second group,

STEP 3: Factor out the common of each group.

Divide each group by its corresponding GCF to get the quotient.
3k( m – 1) + 7g ( m – 1 )
Note that the common binomial is ( m - 1 ). Factor out the
common binomial.
Hence, the factored form is ( m - 1 ) ( 3k + 7g )

2.) 10d2- 7de + 20dh - 14eh

STEP 1: Group the given polynomials into two

( 10d2 + 20dh) + (-7de - 14eh)

STEP 2: Find the GCF of the first group and the other group:
10d and -7e is the GCF for first and for second group, respectively

STEP 3: Find the common factor of each group

Divide each group by their corresponding GCF to get the quotient.
10d( d + 2h) – 7e ( d + 2 h )

Note that the common binomial is ( d + 2h ). Factor out the common binomial.
Hence, the factored form is ( d + 2h ) ( 10d - 7e )

FACTORING:DIFFERENCE OF TWO SQUARES

A polynomial which is a difference of two squares can be written as product of two

binomials. These are factors containing the same terms but opposite signs because the
middle term cancel out when the two factors are being multiplied.
Examples
1. Factor the polynomial (81y2 - 100) completely.
Solution:
Notice that 81y2 and 100 are perfect squares because 81y2 = (9r)2 and 100= 102.
Since the sign between the two terms of the given polynomial is negative,then we can
have the product of different signs.
Therefore, it is a difference of two squares and this can be written as
(9y + 10)(9y - 10) .
You can check the answer by getting the product of the two binomials.

2. Determine the complete factors of the polynomial 81x4 – y4.

Solution:
Confirm that the first and last term are perfect squares.
Write the factored form as (x-y)(x+y).
 81x4 – y4 = (9x2)2 – (y2)2
= (9x2 – y2) (9x2 + y2)
=[(3x)2 – ( y)2 ] (9x2+ y2)
=( 3x- y) ( 3x + y) ( 9x2 + y2 )

FACTORING: SUM OR DIFFRENCE OF TWO CUBES

A. Which of the following binomials are product of sum and difference of two cube?
a. 27𝑥 3 − 8 c. 64𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3
6
b. 𝑥 + 729 d. 𝑥 5 + 4

SOLUTION:
a. The first and second terms are cubes: YES, this is a difference of two cubes.
first term 27x 3 = (3x)3 second term 8 = (2)3
𝑏. 𝑥 6 + 729, since both terms are cubes and it is sum of two terms, then it is a
sum of two cubes.
c. 64𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 , since both terms are cubes and it is difference of two terms, then it
is a difference of two cubes.

d. x 5 is not a perfect cube because the exponent of the variable is multiples of 3, and
4 is not also a perfect cube. So, x 5 + 4 is not sumor difference of two cubes.

Example 2. Factor 8𝑥 3 + 1 = ( 2𝑥 + 1)(4 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1)

Same sign Opposite sign Always Positive
SOAP
Example 3. Factor 27 𝑥 3 − 8𝑦 6 = (3 𝑥 − 2𝑦 2 )( 9𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 4 )
1 1 1 1
Example 4. Factor 𝑥 3 − 8 𝑦 3 = ( 𝑥 − 2 𝑦)( 𝑥 2 + 2 𝑥𝑦 + 4 𝑦 2 )
 ACTIVITIES

Analyze the given questions. Write your answers on the space provided.
ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE

Direction: Determine if the following polynomials are factorable or not. If yes, write the
word factored out, if not, write the words prime polynomial.

__________1. 2x2 + 4x3 + 8x + 10x4

__________2. 10x+5 – 4xy - 2y

__________3. 100 – y2

__________4. a3 – b7

__________5. 4x2 + 25

ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING

Direction: Given one of the factor of the polynomials, identify the remaining factor by
choosing one of the factors below.

Polynomials FACTOR Remaining FACTOR

2
1) 25x - 36 (5x-6)
2) 4x5y6 – 2x4y2 + 6x5y7 – 12x3y4 (2x3y2)
3) 125x3 + 216 (5x + 6)
4) 6x4z5 – 9y8z7 - 12x3y3z4 – 15x2z6 – 3z4 (3z4)
5) -12x+10x2 + 30x -36 (2x + 6)

(25x2 – 30x + 64) (2x2y4 – x +3x2y5 – 6y2)

(5x + 6)

(5x – 6 ) 2x4z – 3y8z3 – 4x3y3 – 5x2z2 - 1

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF

Direction: Determine if the following polynomials are factored completely or not. Write YES if it
is factored completely, otherwise write the word NO.

_________________1. x3y2 + 2x6 + 8x4y5 = (x3)(y2 + 2x3 + 8xy5)

_________________2. 8x2 – 64y2 = (8x – 8y)(x + 8y)

_________________3. 16x3y5 - 32x6y + 24xy – 8x2y = (8xy)(2x2y4 - 4x5y + 3 - 1)

_________________4. 3a3 – 8 = 3(a – 2) (a2 + 2a + 4)

_________________5. - 3x + 21x2 +28x – 4 = (7x -1)(3x + 4)

WRAP–UP

To factor polynomials with common monomial. Follow the suggested steps:

STEP 1: Find common monomial factor in each term.
STEP 2: Divide the given polynomial by GCF. Get the quotient.
STEP 3: Factored form: GCF(QUOTIENT)

To factor polynomials by grouping follow the steps below:

STEP 1: Group the given polynomials into two by using parentheses( ) :
STEP 2: Find the GCF of the first group and the other group:
STEP 3: Factor out the common binomial of each group.

Remember this product of two binomials:

( x + y ) ( x - y ) = x2 + xy - xy - y2 then, ( x + y ) ( x - y ) = x2 - y2
✓ The given polynomial x2 - y2 is called a difference of two squares because each term is a
perfect square or each term can be written as something squared.

A Difference of Two Squares will always factor in this form:

x2 - y2 = (x - y) (x + y).

To find the factors of sum or difference of two cube, the polynomials should be binomial and
each term is cube.
Sum of two cube 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = ( 𝑥 + 𝑦)( 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
Difference of two cube 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 = ( 𝑥 − 𝑦)( 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
 VALUING

Factoring: Spreading Positivity by building a dream in the future. Likewise, Mr. Cruz has own
preferences in terms of measure for his dream house. What about you? What are the dimensions
of your dream house? Why?

Difference of Two Squares: Individual differences are more-or-less enduring psychological

characteristics that distinguish one person from another and thus help to define each person’s
individuality. What are your special talents/skills that others don’t have? What makes you
different from the other person

Sum and Difference of Two Cubes: Cube is having 3 persons in a group. Sometimes when
two people argue there is a need for a the third person to mediate. Think around you where
we use the “third party” that could help build harmonious relationship in the family and
community. Who can be the third person that can helped in building good relationship at
HOME? COMMUNITY?

POSTTEST

A. Modified TRUE or FALSE: Write T if the statement is true, and if it is false

write the correct answer of the underlined phrase.
___1. The common monomial factor in polynomial 4x2y + 20 xy2 is 2xy.
___ 2. One of the factor is (5x – 6y) of the polynomial 50x2 – 72y2.
The other factors are 2 and (5x +6y).
___ 3. The polynomial 8x3 – 27 can be factored by Difference of Two Cubes.
___ 4. The polynomial 4ac + 16a2 + 5c + 20a is factored by (c + 4a)(4a+5).
____ 5. The product of the expression 5(4x- 3y)(4x+ 3y) is 80x2 - 9y2?

B. Factor the polynomials completely. Choose the correct factors inside the box
below.
_______________________1. 25xy5 - 30x2y3 - 20x3y2
_______________________2. 4x2y4 – 36x4y 2
_______________________3. 36 – 25x6
_______________________4. x 3 + 125
 POST TEST Activity I: Practice
A. 1. Factored out
1. 1. 4xy 2. Factored out
3. Factored out
2. TRUE 4. Prime polynomial
5. Prime polynomial
3. TRUE
Activity 2: Keep Practicing
4. 80x2 - 45y2
1. (5x + 6)
5. TRUE 2. (2xy4 – x + 3x2y5 – 6y2
B. 3. (25x2 – 30x + 64
4. 2x4z – 3y8z3 – 4x3y3 – 5x2z2 - 1
B. 5. (5x – 6)
1. 5xy2 (5y3 – 6xy – 4x2)
2. 4x2y2 (y - 3x) (y + 3x )
3. (6-5x3) (6 + 5x3) Activity 3: Try More
4. (x + 5) (x2 – 5x + 25)
5. (6x + 5) ( x + 4) 1. YES
2. NO
3. YES
4. NO
5. YES
KEY TO CORRECTION
(6x + 5) ( x + 4) 4x2y2 (y - 3x) (y + 3x )
5xy2 (5y3 – 6xy – 4x2)
(x + 5) (x2 – 5x + 25) (6-5x3) (6 + 5x3)
_______________________5. 20 + 5 x + 6x2+24x
 REFERENCES
Lardizabal, Jaigie B. and Flores, Karen, iMATH8 Book, (Cainta: iBook Publishing Inc., 1-10)

Nivera, Glady C., Grade 8 Mathematics Pattern and Practicalities, (Makati : Salesiana, 27-29)

House pictures:

1. https://www.clipartmax.com/middle/m2K9A0m2b1b1N4Z5_house-cliparts-transparent-free-
download-clip-art-clipart-house-clipart-transparent-background/
2. https://www.clipartmax.com/middle/m2K9A0m2b1b1N4Z5_house-cliparts-transparent-free-
download-clip-art-clipart-house-clipart-transparent-background/

MR. CRUZ https://www.kindpng.com/imgv/TmiToh_thinking-clipart-small-book-of-modern-and-

innovative/

https://myrnadriven.blogspot.com/2015/02/pag-ibig-housing-loan-requirements.html

Definition of Individual Differences: www.lumelearning.com and www.purplemath.com